Normal pulse in a child 9. What should be the pulse in a child at different ages. Arrhythmias and conduction disorders

30.09.2019

A pulse is a pressure wave caused by the release of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, from where it travels to other arteries in the body. In medicine, a series (number) of these waves is an indicator of the heart rate and heart rate. Cardiac activity is determined by palpation of large arteries near the surface of the body. The most common sites for measurement are the carotid artery, radial artery, and carpal branch. In case of insufficient blood supply to the upper limb, the brachial and femoral arteries in the lower limbs are used. Does the resting heart rate of a child differ from that of an adult? What are the pulse rates of children of different ages?

Heart rate characteristic

Heart rate in a child and an adult is the number of heart beats recorded in one minute. There is no unambiguous definition of which pulse is considered normal - the physiological value of cardiac activity is individual and differs for each person.

Important! The heart rate range in an adult is 60–100 beats per minute.

Heart movement (contractions, heart rate) in children and adults depends on many factors, including:

age;
body weight;
general condition of the heart;
the use of certain medications;
environment;
indoor air;
the presence or development of hypertension.

Similar to blood pressure, the pulse in children can increase anxiety and psychological discomfort.

On the other hand, a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in children and adults does not automatically mean the presence of a problem. For example, an adult athlete may have 40-60 beats / min. In this case, the value is normal.

In determining how much pressure a child should have, it is important to understand that the heart is a muscle. Similar to strengthening muscles through exercise, the heart can also be "trained" to keep it healthy. Respiratory movement exercises are suitable for this. The positive effect of breathing on heart rate in children and adults is discussed, in particular, by the specialists of the Pulse medical center in Gulkevichi.

Deviations from the norm of NPV and heart rate in children can help in the diagnosis of health conditions. Heart rate in children can indicate and diagnose diseases associated with heart disease and other disorders.

Factors affecting heart rate

The pulse in children can increase due to nervousness, stress, dehydration, and excessive physical exertion. Rest, deep breathing usually decreases the baby's heart rate. A decrease in a person's heartbeat and pressure can occur after physical, sports activities, for example, after running, squats.

It is possible to normalize heart rate in children by cooling the body after exercise. Stretching and walking are also recommended.

1st factor

The first factor affecting the rate of heart rate in children by age is the size of the heart or the volume of the chambers.

The heart and circulation is a variable system with many axes. The "dead" volume of the heart and circulation is much greater than what the system normally operates in. This is well illustrated by the capacity of the circulation. Normally, it is controlled by a muscle in the vascular wall. If the muscle relaxes completely, the volume increases significantly, the pressure (in a child and an adult) decreases to the level of the environment, blood circulation stops and instant death occurs without visible damage to the body. But even a smaller decrease in the tension of the vascular wall leads to a drop in pressure (in children and adults), loss of consciousness.

Thus, the respiratory rate (RR), heart rate, and blood pressure in children by age is regulated by the autonomic control system, which consists of the autonomic, nervous, hormonal systems, which together regulate pressure, heart volume, resistance and vascular volume.

2nd factor

The second factor affecting resting heart rate in children is the installation of autonomous regulatory systems.

One of the control variables is oxygen delivery to tissues, especially the brain. Oxygen transfer - hematocrit is the carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood. The lower it is, the less oxygen is carried by one volumetric unit of blood.

3rd factor

The third factor affecting the heart rate standards in children at rest is hematocrit and instantaneous oxygen consumption.

But that is not all. The high heart rate is significantly affected by the current state of the psyche. It takes some time for the entire circulation system to change from quiescent to maximum power, and the predictive mechanism reduces response times to a minimum. On the other hand, it can completely redefine the circulation completely unnecessarily. For example, if things are scrolling in my head that in reality will not happen, or at least are not expected in the near future. This factor affects both the pulse rate of a 10-year-old child and the heart rate rate of a 30-year-old person.

4th factor

The fourth factor affecting the heart rate in a child and an adult is the current state of the psyche.

This mechanism works as follows. Information about the parameters of blood circulation, oxygen levels in the blood, and mental state is communicated to the management brain areas. It is processed, and in accordance with it, the pulse rate for children (and adults) at the moment of rest and the corresponding circulation status are established.

This factor affects the normal heart rate in children of any age - from three years to.

Causes of age-related changes in heart rate

The norms of pressure and pulse by age are associated with a change in vascular resistance, an increase in blood flow in the left ventricle (an increase in the load on the left ventricle with a simultaneous decrease in the right one). In a newborn baby, the weight ratio of the right to left ventricles is approximately 1: 1. In a month-old baby, left-sided load predominates, in a 6-month-old baby, the ratio reaches 1: 2, at 1 year old it is 1: 2.5.

The thickness of the wall of the right ventricle also changes:

in a newborn baby - 4.5–5 mm;
in children about 14 years old (13 years old - 15 years old) - 6-7 mm.

The wall thickness of the left ventricle increases, respectively, from 4.5 to 12 mm.

The formation of the cardiovascular system, an increase in the volume of the heart chambers occurs irregularly (with different intensities). The fastest heart rate in children is recorded in the first 2 years, then - in a child about 11 years old (up to twelve to fifteen years).

Norm for a child

The pulse in children (also heart rate) reflects how many beats a child's heart makes in 1 minute. The healthy range - what is the normal blood pressure and heart rate for children - varies with age.

The number of pulsating heartbeats in babies decreases during sleep. The baby's heart rate during sleep decreases by about 20%.

Newborn

The average pulse in a newborn (1 month) is 140 beats / min. The pulse rate in newborns can vary from 120 to 180.

Babies

The pulse rate in children 1–12 months old (infants) is 132 beats / min.

Early age

What pulse should a young child have? The indicator depends on the specific age, namely:

1-2 years - 120;
2-4 years - 110.

Preschoolers

The heart rate in a 5-year-old child is in the range of about 80–100 beats / min. Indicators vary depending on the circumstances - they increase with physical exertion, stress, fever.

Younger schoolchildren

Distribution of indicators, what should be the pulse of a schoolchild by age:

from 6 years old - 100;
from 7 years old - 90;
a child from 9 to 12 years old - 80.

Teenagers

The pulse rate of a child from 10 years old to the apogee of adolescence (15 years old) is 75 beats / min.

Pivot table

Heart rate and blood pressure table by age:

Age	Heart rate	Systolic blood pressure	Diastolic blood pressure
Premature babies (1000 g)	130–150	45	25
Newborn	120–180	60–75	27
6 months	80–150	95	45
2 years	85–125	95	50
4 years	75–115	98	57
Child 8 years old	60–110	112	60

What to do if the heart rate does not correspond to the norm?

An accelerated heart rate in the pediatric population occurs during exercise. Temperature and emotions also affect frequency. As a result, the heart rate can increase by 3.5 times, this is not considered a disease. An increase in frequency can be caused by fatigue, lack of energy, rarely - by pathological processes in the heart muscle.

Enhancement

Tachycardia is a steady increase in heart rate. Most often found in febrile diseases, infections, various heart diseases.

Downgrade

Bradycardia is a slowing down of the heart rate. The causes of bradycardia can be: newborn asphyxia, heart damage, decreased thyroid function.

As you can see, the factors causing heart rate abnormalities can be serious. Therefore, if you notice its acceleration or deceleration in the absence of a clear cause, consult your doctor.

The correct functioning of the cardiovascular system is an important component of a child's health. Its indicators are: blood pressure and pulse, which in children should correspond to the norm. Heart rate (HR) can be easily measured and monitored at home.

Pulse measurements should be taken when the child is calm, in the same position (for example, sitting) for several days to make the picture clearer. It is better to do this in the morning, after breakfast. To measure your heart rate, you need to find a large artery in your wrist, temporal region, or neck. Count one minute on the stopwatch and count the number of beats during this time. You can count 15 seconds, and the number can be multiplied by four.

The pulse rate in children changes with age. The younger the child, the more frequent the heart rate. The heart rate rate in children by age can be found in the table.

Over 15 years old, the indicators are equated to the heart rate and are, on average, 70 beats per minute.

Pulse and pressure change throughout the day. This is normal and necessary in order for the human body to adapt to the surrounding world.

Significant deviations in heart rate indicators may indicate any disturbances in the functioning of the body.

If the pulse in children is significantly higher than the norms of the table, according to age, this can happen for various reasons:

overwork;

emotional outburst;

the room is hot and stuffy;

any diseases of the child (respiratory, cardiovascular system, endocrine disorders, low hemoglobin).

When the baby's pulse is above normal and at rest, this is called

The opposite situation is when the heart rate is less than the average, which is often the case for athletes. This indicates a good work of the heart and fitness of the body. An important condition here is the well-being of the child. If he feels bad, complains of dizziness and weakness, then it is better to seek the advice of a specialist. It must be borne in mind that a slowdown in the pulse of a child in a dream is the norm.

Heart rate in premature babies

Let's talk about what heart rate readings are normal for premature babies. When a child is born prematurely, he often has a certain immaturity of some organs. Therefore, the time of its adaptation to life outside the womb occurs somewhat differently and the indicators of vitality may differ. So, for example, the pulse of a premature baby can reach 180 beats per minute and thus not be a pathology. In some cases, the heart rate of such children remains in the range of 120-160, as for other babies. It should be borne in mind that children born prematurely are more sensitive to external stimuli, which noticeably increase the heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, a premature baby needs to create a calm environment and try to protect it from too loud sounds or bright light.

Heart rate in children-athletes

As mentioned above, trained children have a lower heart rate, which is good. A child who plays sports should know how to calculate the maximum heart rate, which is the norm for him. To do this, you can use the formula: 220-age. The answer will show the acceptable upper bound. You also need to know that the heart rate should return to its normal values 10 minutes after the end of the workout. This is an indicator of good heart function.

It is important for the baby's health that the cardiovascular system functions correctly. From time to time, parents need to measure blood pressure and pulse. How to do this at home and what are the norms for children of different ages, read the article.

Pressure and pulse rates

It is best to measure blood pressure in the morning, when external stimuli have not yet affected the child. It is desirable that the baby is sitting and calm at the same time. If measurements are taken during the day, he should be given 10 minutes to sit quietly. Measurements should be taken within 3-4 days in order for the indicators to be more accurate.

With age, pressure, like the pulse in children, changes, especially from the age of 12, when puberty and rapid growth begins. In medicine, there is such a thing as upper and lower pressure. And the pulse is.

Blood passing through numerous blood vessels puts significant pressure on their elastic walls. The strength of its effect depends on the size of the vessel - the larger it is, the more pressure is created inside it. Normal blood pressure indicators are considered to be the pressure in the brachial artery, in the area of which it is measured. For these purposes, there is a modern analogue of a well-known device called a sphygmomanometer, which was proposed for use in 1905 by the Russian surgeon Korotkov. The unit of measurement is the pressure of one millimeter of the mercury column, which is equal to 0.00133.

High blood pressure in children is observed at any age. There is such a thing as lower and upper pressure. When the heart muscle relaxes, little pressure occurs, and when the heart muscle contracts, the greatest pressure occurs. Pulse is the difference between relaxation and tension of the heart muscle.

The pressure in children is always lower than that of an adult, especially during sleep. And the younger the age, the lower the pressure indicator due to the level of elasticity of the vascular walls.

Causes

High pressure

High blood pressure occurs with hypertension. Hypertension appears due to increased work of the heart muscles and an increase in the tone of the small arteries. Signs characterizing high blood pressure, which require compulsory treatment:

Endocrine pathologies; Hypertension; Dystonia; CNS lesions.

Hypertension, which causes high blood pressure, is short-lived. With hypertension, there are signs that do not always require treatment:

It can be difficult to judge the state of a child's body. The most accessible indicators for rapid assessment are blood pressure and pulse in children. Most diseases that children are susceptible to are accompanied by changes in both heart rate (reflected in the pulse) and changes in blood pressure numbers.

Normal values

To understand that pathogenic changes are taking place in the baby's body, you need to get an idea of the pulse and pressure that are normal for the child's body.

Normal heart rate values

In children of different age groups, the normal values of the pulse rate may be in the following permissible ranges:

For a newborn: from 140 to 160 (beats / minute) For a one-year-old: from 120 to 128 (beats / minute) From one to two years: from 110 to 120 (beats / minute) From two to three years: from 105 to 115 ( beats / minute) From three to seven years: from 90 to 108.

The pulse in children should be measured regularly, since it is he who is the main indicator of the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Any deviations from the norm may indicate the development of pathologies that require urgent treatment.

Heart rate rate

It is impossible to say with accuracy what pulse should be in healthy children, since it depends on several factors at once, including the age of the child, the air temperature in the room, as well as on the existing diseases that affect the work of the heart.

Every year, the heart rate becomes less frequent.

An example of this can be seen in the table:

In adolescents, the heart rate approaches 75 beats / min. or be in the range of 60 - 80 bpm, which is already the norm for an adult.

How to calculate the pulse correctly?

Measuring the pressure of the walls of the arteries is carried out in two ways: with the help of special hardware equipment or with.

»The child is 9 years old

Pulse in children - the norm (table)

The pulse rate in children changes with age. The younger the child, the more frequent the heart rate. Heart rate rate in children by age.

1. WHY BLOOD PRESSURE RATES DIFFER IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

According to medical statistics in recent years, the number of children with high blood pressure has noticeably increased. Moreover, this indicator has grown not only in the adolescent group. Among children of primary school age and even in preschoolers, hypertension can also develop.

Before we learn about the most common diseases associated with a violation of the cardiovascular system in children, let's understand the important indicators of blood pressure.

There are lower (diastolic) pressure and upper (systolic) pressure. When the heart muscle relaxes during the heartbeat, then the least pressure is exerted on the vessel walls, and when the heart muscle contracts, the maximum pressure is exerted on the vessel walls. Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between the two.

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What should be the pulse of a child? The heart rate (HR) is not constant.

To control the condition of the heart and blood vessels, the child needs to check this parameter regularly. Such an examination can also be prescribed by a doctor. Observations are carried out over a period of time.

Heart rate characteristics are associated with various factors - the age of children, physical fitness, health, mood, air temperature when measured, and other criteria.

Age differences when measured are clearly visible in children. So when a baby is born, the heart beats 2 times more often than a teenager.

As the adaptation mechanisms are developed and the blood volume in the body increases, the frequency of strokes decreases, and by the age of 16 (sometimes even earlier) it is established within the adult norm.

The heart rate increases again after 50, when the heart muscle weakens in untrained people with an unhealthy lifestyle. Each age has its own norms.

Blood pressure is another extremely important indicator, in combination with.

Age, gender and type of nervous system have a significant impact on blood pressure, which varies depending on the time of the day and physical activity. Average values are 120/80 mm Hg. Art. refer exclusively to adults with a formed body. A baby, a schoolboy and a teenager are different categories of patients that need a special approach. Knowing how the circulatory system works at a certain age, you can avoid many serious pathologies. If the child complains of weakness, headache, rapid fatigue and absent-mindedness, the first step to treatment will be to measure blood pressure.

What is blood pressure

The blood in the body moves every second through a system of tubes of various diameters, providing each organ with useful substances and the amount of oxygen it needs. The driving mechanism is the heart, which plays the role of a living pump. Due to the contraction of the muscle fibers of the myocardium, blood is released into the arteries. The level of pressure in them.

Blood pressure is an extremely important factor. This is a litmus test of the state of the heart and blood vessels, evidence of their performance, as well as the speed of blood flow. On the one hand, blood pressure is influenced by the force with which the heart muscle contracts, on the other, by the resistance of the vascular walls. For a long and healthy life, it is necessary to keep these indicators in the norm. At the same time, when in adulthood people are faced with pathology in this area, few people realize that all their problems very often originate from childhood. What was the blood pressure of a 12-year-old child? The norm for an adult is sometimes determined by the processes experienced during adolescence.

Age factor and blood pressure

Blood pressure is a very unstable and highly dependent indicator, including on age. So, for example, after 50 years you can feel quite healthy, having a pressure of 150/90. Such an increase is considered physiological, it reflects the loss of elasticity of large vessels.

Pulse rate in a child of 9 years old

When the heart contracts, this is the impetus for periodic oscillations of the arterial and venous walls of blood vessels. This phenomenon is called a pulse. If we talk about the pulse rate of children, then the age of young patients should be taken into account, which is different depending on how old the child is. For example, if a baby has just been born, then the heartbeat of a newborn is very different from that of an adult - his heart beats twice as often.

But gradually, from year to year, the pulse becomes slower and only somewhere on the border of adulthood, the heart rate begins to compare with normal adult rates, which are up to 80 beats per minute.

Not only age, but also sex factors can affect the frequency of contractions. As you know, boys have a lower heart rate than girls, and at any age. But especially such differences are visible during puberty.

It is also necessary to note such a feature that affects the heart rate, like normal sleep. In young patients with sleep disorders, the heart beats more often. And in general, by noon, the pulse becomes higher than immediately after waking up. The ripple frequency is also influenced by:

the intensity of physical activity;
the presence of emotional components. For example, finding a child in a state
fright or extreme excitement, can increase the heart rate;
blood pressure indicators.

An important role is played by the position of the child. So, for example, a state of rest and a horizontal position reduces the heart rate, and if the child is standing or sitting, on the contrary, it rises. If you follow the advice of experts, then you need to measure the pulse in children of any age in a supine position.

immediately after eating a little patient;
if the room is cold enough.

All these factors can affect the reliability of the readings, since in such situations an increase in the pressure of the arterial walls occurs.

How to measure

The child should be in a calm, relaxed state. In the case when measurements are taken frequently, it is recommended to do this in the morning, when the child is still in bed. In this case, it is desirable that at the same time, without changing the position of the body. Strict adherence to simple recommendations will allow you to measure your heart rate much more accurately. When carrying out this procedure, you should count not only the beats of the heartbeats, but also how rhythmic they are.

If they alternate unevenly, then this phenomenon is usually called an arrhythmic pulse or arrhythmia. It is clear that any norm has its own permissible deviations. For example, in small patients, the acceptable limits may be pulse rates with deviations both upward and downward within twenty beats per minute.

In order to be able to more accurately determine the heart rate, it is advisable to buy a finger-type heart rate monitor, convenient in everyday life. It can be used to measure the amount of oxygen in the blood and the pulse rate. The indicator, which serves as a norm for children, will need to be compared with the results that the device will show during five days of measurements. That is, to display the average result by dividing the total by five dimensions.

Also, the pulse is measured in a simpler way, without using devices. For this, a watch is suitable (it is imperative that it has a second hand), or you can use a stopwatch.

For each age, you need to choose the best option for conducting the measurement site. Practice shows that in infants, the pulse is best measured by finding the carotid or temporal arteries, since it is probed more clearly in this part of the body.

To do this, you need to find the location of the carotid artery. First, you need to lightly press the thyroid cartilage with your fingers, after which, slowly moving them, find a small depression, here the pulse should be felt. When carrying out these manipulations, care should be taken, since if the artery is pinched, the child may lose consciousness.

As noted above, palpation of large arteries is most convenient for determining the arterial pulse. The radial artery lying on the surface (the lower part of the forearm in front of the articulation with the wrist joint) can be easily pressed against the bone. In this case, it is necessary that the muscles on the examiner's hand be relaxed, since the tension will complicate the probing of the pulse.

With two or three fingers placed on the artery, it is necessary to squeeze it to the limit until the blood flow stops; after that, they begin to gradually weaken the pressure while simultaneously evaluating the main parameters of measuring the pulse: frequency, rhythm, tension. The latter property is characterized by the intensity of the artery's resistance to compression.

It is not difficult to calculate the pulse, for this you can take 15 or 30 seconds as an estimated time, multiplying the result obtained by a factor of four or two, respectively. But, as a rule, it is traditionally customary to sum up the pulse in a minute, this is especially recommended in cases of a child with arrhythmia.

if the child is under a year old, the pulsation on the chest or fontanelle can be considered, for this you need to put it in these places;
for babies over a year old, the pulse can be monitored in areas of the body such as the neck, around the temple, elbow, groin, and also behind the ear;
if the child is at the age of seven years or older, then a more convenient, not causing any difficulties place for counting the pulse is the radial artery.

It is necessary that the child's hand is at the level of the heart, while it is necessary to monitor the condition of the muscles, they should be in a relaxed state. To find the place of the pulsation on the hand, place your fingers a little higher than the wrist fold - about one and a half centimeters. If you have difficulty finding a pulse, try using your index, middle and ring fingers to expand the area of contact, placing them along the radial artery. Then press the artery against the radius and start counting the pulse.

Norm

If we say what is the pulse rate in children, then it is not possible to name any one figure. Since, firstly, for each age there is a certain norm, and it differs very strongly, for example, in a newborn from a child who is more than 12 years old - almost twice; secondly, there are many other factors that affect the heart rate. An example of how a child's age affects heart rate is shown in the table. In the first line - how many months (in brackets - years) the young patient, in the second - beats per minute:

Cause for concern

If a child complains of chest pains, shortness of breath in a calm state and during exertion, he has a rapid heartbeat, consultation with a cardiologist is required.

Particular attention should be paid to heart performance indicators for parents of nervous, easily excitable children, also after suffering infectious diseases and during a period of active growth.

Often in young children, especially in the first month of life, the pulse rate fluctuates, there is a violation of the heart rhythm. For many, this goes away without any consequences. But we must remember that in children there are the same arrhythmias of the heart as in adults. The pulse will help to track the onset of a possible disease.

What is arrhythmia?

Arrhythmia is a disease characterized by heart rhythm disorders and can be present in children of any age, but in most cases in older children. It can be congenital or acquired. When a disorder of the automatism of the heart function occurs, symptoms of bradycardia or sinus tachycardia appear. These two diseases are characterized by a deviation from the normal pulse, expressed by an increase or decrease in the contraction of the heart muscle by an average of twenty beats or a little more per minute. Specific indicators are specified according to the number of years of the little patient.

As we have already said, the rate of a child's heart rate depends on many reasons and among the determining factors, for example, such as the age of the child. As a rule, it gets smaller with age. In addition, the heart rate is influenced by:

the general health of the little patient;
the degree of physical fitness of the body;
body temperature also affects this indicator;
environmental conditions,
other factors, such as previous illnesses that affect heart rate;
factors of genetic predisposition.

This circumstance can be explained by the fact that such fluctuations help the child's body faster and easier to go through the period of adaptation to the changed conditions of the internal or external environment.

The pulse is a kind of reflector of the state of health of the child's body, the work of all organs, but to a greater extent, of course, the work of the heart and blood vessels. In view of this, it is extremely important for parents to regularly measure the pulse of a child and, if deviations from the norm are detected, which can signal the development of pathologies, to take appropriate measures.

High and low ripple

The heart is the main organ of the entire circulatory system - it tirelessly works in the interests of the entire human body throughout the entire period of his life. For this reason, even the smallest irregularities in the heart rate, among which both a rapid and slow pulse, should cause due concern and anxiety. It is desirable that the causes of such phenomena be identified as soon as possible so that the cardiologist can take measures to eliminate them. All this will help to maintain calmness and the parents of the little patient, and himself.

Rapid pulse

What can the presence of a rapid heart rate in a small patient indicate? If the child's pulse exceeds the normal number of contractions by twenty percent or more, then this phenomenon is considered to be tachycardia. The reasons that affect the increase in heart rate are, as already mentioned, very different, some of these reasons are given below:

as a consequence of the child's anemia, the low hemoglobin content in the blood;
as a result of intense physical activity;
stressful situations, emotional overload;
increased temperature due to colds;
due to physical and mental fatigue;
certain cardiovascular disorders,
respiratory diseases;
difficulties in working in the endocrine system, various disorders;
as a result of infection of the body;
anemia.

With all this, it should be noted that the mere presence of a high heart rate in a child is not enough to immediately talk about any deviations in the work of the vascular system. Since such a phenomenon can be quite normal, for example, when a child performs any physical activity. And only in case of manifestation of tachycardia in a calm state or when it is inherent in a permanent nature, this is a reason for concern and seeking advice from the appropriate specialist.

Low heart rate

The pulsation in the arteries tends not only to increase, but also to decrease. When this happens, experts refer to a similar phenomenon as bradycardia. However, it does not necessarily indicate signs of any disease. Very often it can be observed in younger and adolescent children who regularly engage in sports exercises.

In a word, the manifestation of bradycardia with the general well-being of the child speaks of good training. In the event that a low pulse rate is accompanied, for example, by rapid fatigability, this should alert.

And it is not only this undesirable symptom that should be alarming. The symptoms of the disease can be different. It is expressed, as a rule, in the following most important manifestations:

the child develops a feeling of general malaise, often dizzy;
a small patient quickly gets tired even from a slight load;
the child complains of a bad mood, weakness;
there is blanching not only of the face, but also of the rest of the skin;
often, with a decrease in heart rate, a decrease in blood pressure is also noted.

Parents should always remember that bradycardia is not a short-term decrease in heart rate, which sometimes occurs and may even in some cases, as mentioned above, be a completely normal condition. This is a formidable disease, which, if urgent measures are not taken, up to surgery, often leads to serious complications, one of which is heart failure.

With physical exertion

As already noted, the normal pulse of a teenager should be about 75 beats. Minor fluctuations are allowed, as a rule, in some cases it can be 60 strokes, in others - 80, which, in principle, corresponds to the patient's norm in adulthood.

Parents should monitor the pulse rate of a child not only when he is in a calm state, but also when performing any physical activity. In such a situation, this procedure is also of great importance for controlling the general state of the body. The heart rate indicator during exercise or work is able to reveal how optimal this type of load is for a child, and parents can clearly see this.

Yes, and the teenager himself can and should, during training or performing physical work, learn a simple procedure to control the state of his body. And one of these, the easiest ways of self-control is just counting the pulse. It is advisable to do this before and after training. In this case, you need to learn to count not only the number of beats per minute, and pay attention to the rhythm of the pulse.

You need to know about the direct relationship that exists between physical activity and the frequency of pulsation - that is, about their increase. It is important that sports activities do not affect the permissible heart rate value, for which there is a special formula:

That is, in order to obtain an indicator of the optimal heart rate, when the child performs certain physical activities, it is necessary to subtract the number of years of the adolescent from the value of 220.

In the event that the pulsation in the arteries drops lower than it should be normal, you can try to increase the loads without fear for your health. But when the pulse jumps by twenty or more beats per minute, here you should think about reducing physical activity. Since the work of the heart muscle directly depends on physical activity, you need to be careful and often control the pulse, approaching it in a complex manner, and check the pulse not only before and after training, as mentioned above, but during them.

You need to know if the pulse beats without disturbances, does not have any pathologies, then, in order to get back to normal, for example, after jogging, it will take him no more than five, a maximum of ten minutes, but more often less time is enough. Otherwise, it is necessary to revise the load norms and, if necessary, reduce it. It can also be a gadfly for seeking medical advice.

Therefore, engaging in physical activity or sports training, a young patient should understand both the upper and lower limits of the heart rate. The very minimum heart rate during training is calculated using the formula below:

X = ((220 - Y) - Z) x 0.5 + Z
U - means the number of years of the child;
Z - The frequency of contractions of the heart muscle before physical activity, recorded a minute before it.

Prophylaxis

In order for the pulse to be always normal, the following measures should be taken:

Lead an active life, strive for a healthy lifestyle, engage in moderate exercise, temper the body. Try to be more outdoors with your child, do morning exercises. Swimming helps a lot. Light jogging and skiing is an excellent prevention against arrhythmias.
Follow a diet. If the child has a tendency to arrhythmias, then it is necessary that the diet was more saturated with plant foods, and there was as little fatty food as possible in it. It is advisable to eat in small portions, avoid eating at night. Try to have a varied menu containing foods high in magnesium and potassium.
Try to keep your child exposed to emotional stress as little as possible.
As far as possible, rest during the day, and a night's sleep should be at least eight hours.

Finally

Parents are fully responsible for their children, including their health. Therefore, they should regularly engage in prevention, make sure that babies are protected from the influence of harmful factors that can cause significant harm to their fragile body, and also regularly take the child to medical examinations. Parents should be aware that one of the indicators of a child's health is a normal heart rate. Timely pulse measurement in children means to avoid unnecessary problems and, if such a need arises, to visit a specialist in heart disorders in time. And then it will be much easier to fight any diseases.

Heart rate table for children

Pulse and blood pressure are some of the most important values that are needed in the detection of many diseases. By their changes and the nature of the changes, a lot can be said about the state of the cardiovascular system and the human body as a whole. The indicators of pulse and pressure in children usually differ from adult values, it is worth knowing about the characteristics of the pulse in children, the table by age will help you better navigate in them.

The heart rate in children depends on age. This indicator tells how many beats per minute the heart makes; for adults, the optimal value is a pulse of 60 to 90 beats per minute. The heart rate can accelerate under the influence of physical activity, due to emotional, mental stress, for other reasons. If the pulse is constantly elevated, they talk about tachycardia, if on the contrary, this means that the person has bradycardia.

Blood pressure is another extremely important indicator, combined with heart rate values, it provides the most complete picture of the health of the cardiovascular system. Blood pressure is usually measured in two types - systolic, upper, and diastolic, lower. Both indicators are extremely important; the difference between them can also be used to judge a person's health.

However, it is worth remembering that normal indicators can be different for each person. Therefore, if deviations from the norm during measurements are detected in a child for a long time, it is imperative to undergo an examination and make sure that there are no serious pathologies.

It is likely that deviations from normal values can be tolerated, as long as the child does not start to feel bad. It is imperative to worry if the following symptoms occur:

dizziness, headaches, lack of coordination;
breathing disorders, pain in the chest, especially on the left side;
visual impairment, "flies", "stars" before the eyes;
fatigue, sleep disturbances, endurance is lost;
pallor, chills, cold extremities.

Important! In case of tachycardia and other heart rhythm disturbances, you need to contact a cardiologist or pediatrician if the reason for this condition may be different.

Not only cardiac pathologies can cause pulse fluctuations. The heart rhythm and pressure in a child can be disrupted in case of endocrine diseases, pathologies of the nervous system. In each individual case, a complete diagnosis is required.

The norm of pressure and pulse in children

The younger the child, the higher his heart rate. Over time, by the age of 12 - 15, each child's indicators approach those of adults 60 - 90. Prior to this, an increased heart rate is an absolutely normal condition. After five squats or some other insignificant load, it can increase by 5-15 points, depending on the individual characteristics of the child. In newborns, the pulse is usually huge, in general, this indicator depends on the size of a person, the volume of his heart. The smaller it is, the faster the heart rate.

With pressure, the situation is different. The younger the child, the lower his blood pressure, with age it constantly increases. Periodically, it is advised to measure it during preventive medical examinations. Any deviations from the developmental norms can indicate the development of pathology.

In general, to make it easier to navigate the indicators, they can be presented in the form of a table by age:

These are the most normal indicators for each age. If a deviation is suddenly found, it is imperative to look at why it has arisen. In most cases, no special violations are detected, however, it is best to be insured.

It is worth remembering that adolescents are more likely to experience various fluctuations in indicators. This is due to many factors. First of all, fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure in adolescents are associated with puberty. Due to the influence of hormones on the body, constant growth, various disorders occur. Most often they are combined into a syndrome called vegetative-vascular dystonia. This complex of symptoms is extremely typical for adolescents.

Also, for many schoolchildren, pulse and pressure can jump due to the physical and mental stress they receive while learning. Strong emotional and physical stress always leads to fluctuations in the heart rate and pressure.

In a dream, the child's pulse must necessarily fall and fall to the lower limit of the norm. If this does not happen, various sleep disturbances will occur, insomnia may occur, or, on the contrary, constant drowsiness may be provoked.

Important! So that there are no disturbances during sleep, it is advised not to eat tightly at night, physical activity and any activities should be stopped an hour or two before going to bed. Otherwise, it will be extremely difficult to fall asleep.

What to do in case of pulse disorders?

First of all, you should see a doctor. You can start with a pediatrician, you need to accurately describe to a specialist the symptoms that are present in addition to the disturbed heart rate indicators. A full examination should be appointed, during which it will be possible to identify the cause of the violations.

If you urgently need to raise your heart rate, there are several methods that are suitable for children. First of all, you can do exercises, just a few minutes of not very intense exercise. You can also take a contrast shower, drink strong tea with sugar and lemon. You should not give any drugs to the child. The following spices may also be helpful: cinnamon, cloves, and cumin. Cloves and cinnamon can be added to tea in small amounts. Tea can be accompanied by honey and walnuts.

If, on the contrary, the heart rate is too high, it must be lowered. First of all, the child should be reassured, he should lie down, straighten his back, breathe deeply. You can make mild green tea with mint. Also, the child can be given a tincture or any other preparations based on motherwort, valerian, sage. These drugs can help lower your heart rate. Do not give other medicines to your child.

If the pulse drops sharply in a newborn, the child's condition worsens despite the measures taken, a light-headed state occurs, it is worth calling an ambulance. It is especially important to do this if there is a temperature, swelling, skin rashes, and other symptoms.

Questions and answers.

Pulse and blood pressure are some of the most important values that are needed in the detection of many diseases. By the nature of their changes, a lot can be said about the state of the cardiovascular system and the human body as a whole. Heart rate and pressure indicators in children usually differ from adult values, so it is worth knowing about the characteristics of the pulse in children - the table by age will help you better navigate in them.

The heart rate in children depends on age. This indicator says how many beats per minute the heart makes; for adults, the optimal value is from 60 to 90 beats per minute. The heart rate can accelerate under the influence of physical activity, due to emotional and mental stress, for other reasons. If the pulse is constantly elevated, then they talk about tachycardia, if on the contrary, it means that the person has bradycardia.

Blood pressure is another extremely important indicator. When combined with heart rate values, it provides the most complete picture of cardiovascular health. Blood pressure is usually measured in two types - systolic (high) and diastolic (low). Both indicators are extremely important - the difference between them can also be used to judge a person's health.

It is worth remembering that normal indicators can be different for each person. Therefore, if deviations from the norm during measurements are detected in a child for a long time, it is imperative to undergo an examination and make sure that there are no serious pathologies.

It is likely that deviations from normal values can be tolerated, as long as the child does not start to feel bad. It is imperative to worry if the following symptoms occur:

dizziness, headaches, lack of coordination;
breathing problems, chest pain, especially on the left side;
deterioration of vision, "flies" and "stars" before the eyes;
rapid fatigability, sleep disturbances, decreased endurance;
pallor, chills, cold extremities.

Important! In case of tachycardia and other heart rhythm disturbances, you need to contact a cardiologist or a pediatrician if the reason for this condition may be different.

Heart disease is not the only thing that can cause heart rate fluctuations. The heart rhythm and pressure in a child can be disrupted in case of endocrine diseases and pathology of the nervous system. In each individual case, a complete diagnosis is required.

Normal indicators in children

The younger the child, the higher his heart rate. Over time, by the age of 12-15, each child's indicators approach those of adults - 60-90. Prior to this, an increased heart rate is absolutely normal. After five squats or some other insignificant load, it can increase by 5-15 points, depending on the individual characteristics of the child. In newborns, the pulse is usually huge, and in general, this indicator depends on the size of the person and the volume of his heart. The smaller it is, the faster the heart rate.

With pressure, the situation is different. The younger the child, the lower his blood pressure. It grows constantly with age. Periodically, it is advised to measure it during preventive medical examinations. Any deviations from the developmental norms may indicate an emerging pathology.

In general, to make it easier to navigate the indicators, they can be presented in the form of a table by age:

It is worth remembering that adolescents are more likely to experience various fluctuations in indicators. This is due to many factors. First of all, fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure in adolescents are associated with puberty. Due to the influence of hormones on the body and constant growth, various disorders occur. Most often they are combined into a syndrome called vegetative-vascular dystonia. This complex of symptoms is extremely typical for adolescents.

What to do in case of pulse disorders?

First of all, you should see a doctor. You can start with a pediatrician. It is necessary to accurately describe to the specialist the symptoms that are present in addition to the disturbed heart rate indicators. A full examination should be appointed, during which it will be possible to identify the cause of the violations.

If you urgently need to raise your heart rate, there are several methods that are suitable for children. First of all, you can do exercises - a few minutes of not very intense exercise is enough. You can also take a contrast shower, drink strong tea with sugar and lemon. You should not give any drugs to the child. The following spices may be helpful: cinnamon, cloves, and cumin. Cloves and cinnamon can be added to tea in small amounts. Tea can be accompanied by honey and walnuts.

If the heart rate, on the contrary, is too high, it must be lowered. First of all, the child should be reassured, he needs to lie down, straighten his back, and breathe deeply. You can make mild green tea with mint. Also, the child is recommended to give a tincture or any other preparations based on motherwort, valerian, sage. These drugs can help lower your heart rate. Do not give other medicines to your child.

If the pulse drops sharply in a newborn, the child's condition worsens and, despite the measures taken, a fainting state occurs, then you should call an ambulance. It is especially important to do this if there is a temperature, swelling, skin rashes, and other symptoms.

Pulse or heart rate (HR), demonstrates the speed at which an organ works, the main function of which is to pump blood, to supply blood to the entire body. How well the cardiovascular system works and whether there are problems in the work of all its components is determined by the pulse in children. By age, the table will show how often the heart should beat, depending on the age of the child.

Changing the frequency of contractions is a normal state of the body. The heart adapts to the stress of the body. Accelerates or slows down to do its job well.

There are no absolutely exact figures for how many a child's pulse per minute should be, there are approximate values within which the heart rate fits without pathological changes on the part of the functioning of the system.

The following factors affect your heart rate:

the age of the baby, the younger he is, the smaller the numbers will be, the older, the more the heart rate will be closer to adult values, so 120 for a preschool child will be considered the norm, and 80 will be normal for a 10-year-old child;
indoor temperature - thermoregulation in babies is not ideal, she needs time to start working, if a child gets into a very warm room, then at first his temperature and pulse will be increased, after a few minutes everything will return to normal;
the child's body temperature and the presence of an acute state of the disease at the moment;
emotional state - fear, anxiety, joy, depression;
physical activity or a state of rest;
food intake;
from the regime of the day - it is measured after sleep or during a period of prolonged wakefulness.

Normal values

An increase in heart rate can be considered indicators when the heart rate is 20% higher than the norm, this is the reason for the child to be examined by a doctor. For example, in a 9-year-old child, the heart rate should not exceed 88 beats per minute at rest.

Table # 1. Pulse rates in children of different ages:

Age	Rate of beats per minute	Permissible normal interval of beats per minute	Respiratory rate
Several days from birth	140	110-170	40-60
Upon reaching the age of 1 year	130	102-162	35-40
1 to 2 years old	124	94-154	30-35
2 to 4 years old	115	90-140	30-35
4 to 6 years old	106	86-126	30-35
6 to 8 years old	98	78-118	25
8 to 10 years old	88	68-108	20-25
10 to 12 years old	80	60-100	20
Over 12 years	75	55-95	16-18

As can be seen from the table, the pulse of a one-year-old child is very different from the heart rate of a teenager at the age of 14, when the figure already corresponds to the heart rate of an adult.

You can also see that there are tolerances that occur in response to increased body activity. For example, in the age range - 4 years - 5 years, the average normal indicator is the number 106.

If a baby of this age plays outdoor games, then his heart rate can rise to 126 beats per minute, and at rest or during sleep it will be 86 beats.

Conclusion: the older the child, the slower his pulse becomes, the size of the body and organs increases, the metabolic rate slows down.

How to measure your pulse

The speed of the heart can be fixed using a pressure measuring device or in the standard way - by probing the heart rate in special places on the body.

Features of pulse palpation in children are as follows:

in the neonatal period - it is best felt in the area of the carotid artery;
in older children and adolescents, the area of the radial, axillary and brachial arteries is used.

Where to find the pulse

Table 2. The main points where the pulse is most successfully felt:

Pulse palpation sites	Features of overlapping fingers
Carotid artery, in the neck	These arteries are located on the sides of the larynx, passing along the sides of the neck. They can be found by placing the fingers along the midline of the neck, to the right and left of the larynx.
Radial artery, on the wrist	You can feel it by placing your fingers 1 or 2 centimeters above the first wrist fold. Here, the pulse is most often measured in adults.
Axillary arteries, in the armpits	The fingers are placed directly in the underarm area until a pulsation is felt. It is also used to determine the pulse of an infant. The rate of beats per minute does not change depending on the part of the body where the heart rate is measured.
Brachial artery, in the area of the ulnar cavity	The child's hand should be located upward with the ulnar cavity, where the adult's fingers are located for measurement.

Important: before measuring the child's pulse, you will have to feel for it, but when searching, you cannot use force, you need to feel it gently, avoiding crushing.

The video in this article will demonstrate the most successful ways to measure heart rate in babies.

How to measure correctly

To get reliable information, it is worth following a few simple rules that are useful for measuring the heart rate in both children and adults.

The algorithm for measuring the pulse of a child is as follows:

the index and middle fingers are considered the most successful for measurement;
it is not recommended to use the thumb, as its pulsation can cause the measuring one to confuse the heartbeats;
the heart rate is estimated for 15 or 30 seconds, in the first case, the result will need to be multiplied by an additional factor of 4, and in the second - by 2;
the pulse rate in children who have arrhythmia, the measurement is carried out for a whole minute, in which case the result does not need to be multiplied by an additional coefficient;
it is not informative to measure the heart rate immediately after a meal, it is better to do this either before a meal, or an hour after;
the temperature in the room should not be too cold, there should not be stuffiness either, the optimal temperature for the baby is 21-23 degrees.

Like body temperature, the most informative heart rate information is obtained immediately after a child wakes up. The most complete picture of the heartbeat can be obtained by measuring the resting pulse of a child at the same time every day. When measuring, it is important that the position of the baby's body is taken into account, if the child lies, when his pulse is measured, he will always be lower than if he was sitting or standing.

Causes of a rapid pulse

The heart beats more often than the normative values in response to the state of the child's body. The rapid pulse never arises for no reason, there is always some reason behind this phenomenon. A heartbeat that is higher than normal is called tachycardia.

Table No. 3. The reasons why the heart beats more often:

Types of reasons	What happens in the body
Normal physiological conditions	Normally, the child's pulse should increase with physical exertion and active games, during and after eating, especially hot, while taking a bath
Normal emotional states	Joy, anger, cry, cry
Pathological conditions	Long-term emotional stress, anemia, disorders, including chronic ones, in the work of the endocrine, respiratory or cardiovascular systems
Acute diseases	Acute infectious, viral diseases, in such situations, a high pulse occurs at a temperature in a child. The higher the body temperature rises, the higher the pulse can rise.

Heart rate at temperature

If the baby is at rest, does not engage in any highly active activity, and you can feel the high pulse of the child, what to do in such a situation first of all is to measure the body temperature.

If it is not elevated, and the heart rate is higher than normal, then it is worth starting to measure the heart rate every day at about the same time. Together with daily measurements, it is worth making an appointment with a cardiologist in order to come to a specialist with the already available monitoring data for the child's condition.

Important: the cause of the increase in heart rate must be identified in order to exclude pathological conditions that require treatment.

With an increase in body temperature, the speed of the heart will increase - this is a natural process.

If the child's temperature is elevated, then it is worth calling the local doctor at home. When the temperature rises above 38 in a child, it is worth resorting to the use of antipyretic drugs designed specifically for babies. In children 7 years old, 38.5 is considered a critical indicator for lowering the temperature, the same figure is valid for adults.

Important: if the temperature does not decrease and continues to rise, it is worth calling an emergency aid, a high temperature has a very negative effect on the development of young children.

Although the heart rate will naturally rise with the temperature, it should not exceed certain safe values. If the temperature rises above 39, on the advice of the emergency dispatcher, it is worth using means to lower the pulse.

Also, instructions for lowering the heartbeat can be given by your local therapist. The specialist will tell you what pulse the child should have at a temperature and what indicators are life-threatening.

Causes of a low heart rate

The pulse rate (NPV) in children can change not only towards an increase, but also towards a decrease in the speed of work, this condition is called bradycardia.

A pathological decrease in the speed of the heart is accompanied by the following additional symptoms:

dizziness;
blanching of the skin;
general weakness;
drop in blood pressure;
rapid fatigue and decreased performance.

If bradycardia is not controlled by a specialist and the necessary treatment is not carried out, then complications may develop - heart failure.

At the same time, some experts say that if the pulse rate in children is slowed down, the rate of which is set for each age, and there are no additional pathological symptoms, then this is a sign of a developed cardiovascular system. This is often the case in athletes, as their bodies are more prepared through training.

Important: only a doctor can determine whether a deviation from the norm of the baby's heart rate has a connection with the pathology, the cost of the lack of medical supervision in such a situation is too high.

As mentioned earlier, the heart rate should increase during exercise, this is a normal process that provides support to the body.

Reasons for an increase in heart rate during activity:

muscles and other tissues begin to intensively use their own reserves and take oxygen and other substances from the blood, the more often the heart beats, in order to enhance tissue nutrition;
in order for the blood to be better saturated with oxygen, along with an increase in the heartbeat, the number of breaths also increases, thus breathing and pulse in children are inextricably linked.

Advice: you can build a chain of communication - breathing, heartbeat, temperature, this is very useful in the case of small children - you can understand that the baby's temperature has risen from a distance, this becomes noticeable by the increased frequency of breathing.

You need to understand that the heart rate, even with physical activity, must be within its own norm. What pulse is considered normal in children can be calculated using the formula: 220 minus the age of the baby. The result obtained is a control indicator of the permissible heart rate during physical exertion.

If the heart rate exceeds this indicator by 10-20 beats per minute, then it is worth reducing the intensity of the exercise.

Important: excessively intense exercises wear out the cardiovascular system and provoke the development of problems in its work.

Physical activity measurement is used in several cases:

It is necessary to control the quality of physical activity, when the heart rate should not be lower and higher than the required mark. The pulse in children during physical activity is measured before training, during training, if necessary, the intensity of the load decreases or increases. The final measurement - after exercise, this result will show how soon the body adapts and returns to normal. As a rule, the heart rate comes to normal values 3-5 minutes after the end of the session.
The measurement is carried out for the purpose of medical monitoring of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to stress. Measurement is also done before loading. Next, the child needs to perform an exercise - 5 squats, a second measurement is made. After the required time, the final measurement is carried out. If, within the required time of 3-5 minutes, the heart does not return to its normal rhythm, then additional examinations are prescribed to exclude serious pathology.

To exclude the pathology of the cardiovascular system, the doctor may prescribe to record the pulse and blood pressure in children for several days. Blood pressure data are more informative than heart rate readings when there is a suspicion of some serious problem.

Why do you need a survey

If a child suspects problems with the cardiovascular system, the doctor will recommend a study in a hospital, for this a referral to the institution will be issued. To perform this kind of examination, a clinic that has a department specializing in cardiac problems is suitable.

It is especially important to conduct an examination as soon as possible at the age of 11 and in a 12-year-old child. The norm in this age period is as close as possible to adult indicators, and the child himself enters a very important age - the period of puberty.

At this time, a restructuring of all the main systems of the body takes place, violent hormonal changes begin, the emotional background and attitude towards the world around them change.

Important: it is often at this age that the child has complaints about the work of the heart.

Such strong changes during puberty can provoke some alarming symptoms, but there is no real physical reason under them, and an examination is needed to find out.

In the absence of health problems in the baby, parents do not need to measure the child's heart rate. But in the presence of chronic ailments or acute conditions, you have to periodically monitor the pulse.

The norm of the table in children will differ depending on the age of the child. So for a child at 3 years old, the norm will differ significantly from the recommended indicators at 13 years old, this information should be known to caring parents.