What are the drinks? Alcoholic drinks: list. Types and names of alcoholic beverages

20.07.2023

Everyone knows that drink It is nothing more than a liquid meant to be drunk. The basis of most drinks consumed by humans is water. She herself is a drink and is used both in pure and in carbonated or mineralized form (both extracted from natural mineral sources, and with additions). Drinks are usually divided into three large groups - alcoholic drinks, carbonated drinks And soft drinks.

Alcoholic drinks called drinks containing at least 1.5% ethyl alcohol obtained from alcohol, carbohydrate-containing raw materials. Since ancient times, they have been prepared by fermentation (fermentation is the metabolic breakdown of nutrient molecules, such as glucose, that occurs without the participation of oxygen). Alcoholic drinks include:
Wine- an alcoholic beverage obtained by complete or partial alcoholic fermentation of grape juice.
Beer- a low-alcohol drink obtained by alcoholic fermentation of malt wort with the help of brewer's yeast, usually with the addition of hops.
Cider- a low-alcohol drink, usually champagne, obtained by fermenting apple, less often pear or other fruit juice without the addition of yeast.
mead- an alcoholic drink made from water, honey and yeast with various flavors.

Cider

mead

Another large subgroup of alcoholic beverages is the so-called hard liquor. Strong liquor are prepared using distillation apparatus, distillation column apparatus or other methods of increasing the strength without the involvement of microorganisms. Hard liquor includes:
Absinthe- an alcoholic drink, the most important component of which is an extract of bitter wormwood, the essential oils of which contain a large amount of thujone.
Brandy- an alcoholic beverage, a general term for products of the distillation of grape wine, fruit or berry mash.
Calvados- apple or pear brandy, obtained by distillation of cider, from the French region of Lower Normandy.
Whiskey is an aromatic alcoholic beverage obtained from various types of grains using the processes of malting, distillation and long-term aging in oak barrels.
Vodka- a colorless water-alcohol solution with a characteristic odor. The strength of vodka can be different: 40.0-45.0; 50.0 or 56.0% vol.
Grappa- Italian grape alcoholic drink. It is made by distillation of grapes after their pressing in the course of production of wine.
Gin- made by distilling wheat alcohol with the addition of juniper, which gives the gin its characteristic taste.
Cognac- Produced from certain grape varieties using a special technology.
Liquor- fragrant, usually sweet alcoholic drink from alcoholized fruit and berry juices, infusions of fragrant herbs with the addition of roots, spices.
Rum- made by fermentation and distillation from by-products of sugar cane production, such as molasses and cane syrup.
Moonshine- produced by distillation through home-made or factory-made apparatuses of an alcohol-containing mass (mash), obtained as a result of the fermentation of sugar syrup, candied cereals, potatoes, beets, fruits or other products containing sugar and candied starch substances.
Tequila- made from the heart of the blue agave (asparagus family), a plant traditional for Mexico, by distillation.

Absinthe

Calvados

Grappa

Rum from Jamaica

Tequila

The second large group of drinks - carbonated are carbonated beverages. They, in turn, are divided into two subgroups: fermented carbonated drinks (for example, champagne or sour cabbage soup) and carbonated drinks obtained with modern technology (cola, tonic, carbonated lemonade, sparkling water).
Champagne- sparkling wine produced in the French region of Champagne from established grape varieties by the method of secondary fermentation of wine in the bottle.
Sour shchi (sour shti)- an old Russian honey-malt highly carbonated soft drink. The main technological difference from kvass is the infusion of the original wort and after-fermentation in sealed bottles.
Drink cola A type of carbonated sugary drink often containing caffeine. The name comes from kola nuts, originally used by beverage manufacturers as a source of caffeine.
Tonic(from the English. tonic - tonic) - a bitter-sour non-alcoholic carbonated drink. Often used to dilute alcoholic beverages, especially gin, cocktails.

Tonic water is often used to dilute spirits, especially gin.

And finally, the third major group of drinks - the so-called soft drinks. Like carbonated drinks, they do not contain alcohol, but they also contain virtually no carbon dioxide. These drinks include:
Kvass- a traditional Slavic sour drink, which is prepared on the basis of fermentation from flour and malt (wheat, barley) or from dry rye bread, sometimes with the addition of fragrant herbs, honey, wax; also prepared from beets, fruits, berries.
Compote(fr. compote) - a dessert drink made from fruits or berries, or a decoction of fruits in syrup, as well as a mixture of dried fruits or dried berries and fruits, or fruit or berry preserves.
Morse- a non-carbonated soft drink traditional for Russian cuisine, which, as a rule, is prepared from wild northern berries, mainly lingonberries and cranberries.

Cranberry juice

Also, non-alcoholic beverages include various juices from fruits, berries and vegetables, or drinks with their addition. Birch sap is also common in Russia.

A large subgroup of soft drinks are - milk drinks, i.e. drinks based on milk, mainly cow's:
Samo milk.
Kefir- a sour-milk drink obtained from whole or skimmed cow's milk by sour-milk and alcoholic fermentation using kefir "fungi" - a symbiosis of several types of microorganisms: lactic streptococci and bacilli, acetic acid bacteria and yeast (only about two dozen). Homogeneous, white in color, slight emission of carbon dioxide is possible.
Katyk- a fermented milk drink common among the Turkic peoples and in Bulgaria. It is produced from natural milk by fermenting it with special bacterial cultures. Katyk differs from all other types of curdled milk in that it is prepared from boiled milk, which provides a higher fat content.
Airan- a kind of Turkic fermented milk drink based on katyk or a kind of kefir among the Turkic, North Caucasian, South Caucasian and Balkan peoples. In different languages and among different peoples, the exact meaning of the name and the technology of preparation differ slightly, but the common thing is that it is a dairy product obtained with the help of lactic acid bacteria. At the same time, among sedentary peoples it is liquid and quenches thirst well, while among nomadic peoples it is thick like liquid sour cream, which is very convenient for storage and transportation. However, to quench your thirst, thick ayran requires dilution with water, milk or koumiss.

Fresh ayran (Istanbul, Türkiye)

acidophilus- a fermented milk product that is made by fermenting pasteurized cow's milk with the help of special bacteria (acidophilus bacillus, kefir fungi, lactic streptococcus).
liquid yogurt. Yoghurt is a fermented milk product with a high content of skimmed milk substances, produced by fermentation with a protosymbiotic mixture of pure cultures - Bulgarian bacillus and thermophilic streptococcus. It is allowed to add food additives, fruits, vegetables and products of their processing
Ryazhenka- fermented milk drink obtained from baked cow's milk by lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is carried out by thermophilic lactic streptococci and pure cultures of the Bulgarian stick, fermented for 3-6 hours. It has a yellowish-brownish tint and a traditional sour-milk taste. In fact, it is one of the varieties of yogurt without flavorings.

Ryazhenka

Of course, these are not all existing types of non-alcoholic milk drinks, but the most famous and common. In addition, it should be noted that although milk drinks are classified as non-alcoholic, there are also milk-based alcoholic drinks. This, for example, koumiss(prepared from mare's milk, may contain 5-6% alcohol or bilk(an alcoholic drink from the Abashiri brewery on the island of Hokkaido (Japan), which is a beer made from milk).

Kumys

Before that, we talked about drinks that are usually drunk chilled or at least not warmed up. But we all know hot drinks, which can be both non-alcoholic (most of them) and alcoholic. These include:
Cocoa- a drink, which necessarily includes cocoa (ground seeds of the cocoa plant (chocolate tree)), as well as milk (or water) and sugar. The drink is usually non-alcoholic. In the modern world, two main varieties of the drink are common: hot chocolate and regular cocoa, which is boiled in water or milk from cocoa powder.
Tea- a drink obtained by boiling, brewing and / or infusing a leaf of a tea bush, which is previously prepared in a special way.
Hibiscus- sweetish-sour-tasting tea drink of bright red or burgundy color, made from dried bracts of Sudanese rose flowers from the genus Hibiscus.

Hibiscus

Coffee- a drink made from roasted seeds (grains) of several plant species belonging to the genus Coffee (Coffea) of the Rubiaceae family.
Mate- a tonic drink with a high content of mateine, prepared from dried crushed leaves and young shoots of Paraguayan holly. An integral part of the culture of Argentina and a number of neighboring countries of South America.

This is how it is customary to drink the brewed mate drink.

Mulled wine- a hot alcoholic drink based on red wine heated to 70-80 degrees with sugar and spices (spices). Traditionally consumed in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic at Christmas markets and outdoor festivals.
Sbiten- an old East Slavic drink made from water, honey and spices, which often included medicinal herbal preparations. Hot sbiten has a warming and anti-inflammatory effect, so they drank it mainly in the winter. True, cold sbiten was no less popular drink when quenching thirst in a bathhouse or on a hot day in summer.

Sbiten - an old East Slavic drink made from water, honey and spices, which often included medicinal herbal preparations

Hot decoctions- liquid dosage form, which is an aqueous extract from medicinal plant materials by boiling in water and infusion. Have a similar property and infusions without boiling in water.

Decoction of St. John's wort

Juice, mineral water, kvass, fruit drink - our salvation when the hot temperature outside goes off scale. And yet, whatever one may say, these drinks sooner or later become boring. Sometimes you want to drink something like that, but let your imagination down. Meanwhile, there are so many soft drinks that there is one for every letter of the alphabet! Tasty names hide no less pleasant content. Use our ABC of thirst and chill to your health.

A ice cream

It is symbolic that it is ice creams that open the list, that is, drinks that contain ice cream. How much more "cooler". Making ice cream is easy. For one serving, mix 50 grams of any fruit juice (or syrup) with the same amount of mineral water (pre-cool), and put 50 grams of ice cream on top of the glass. If desired, you can add a little chopped fruit. You need to eat this miracle with a spoon and a straw, closing your eyes with pleasure.

B azil drink

In the common people, it is also called "cornflower blue compote". But that doesn't make it any less delicious! For 3 liters of water, take 2 bunches of basil, 1 tbsp of sugar and juice of 1 lemon. Pour the grass with cold water, boil, add sugar and boil for 10 minutes. Remove from heat, pour in lemon juice, cool and enjoy a delicious drink with a pleasant pink color.

In cherry juice

One of the oldest drinks in Rus', mentioned in Domostroy. The difference between fruit drink and compote is that first the juice is squeezed out of the berries and only after that the pulp is boiled in water with the addition of sugar, and then the strained broth is combined with the fresh juice obtained at the beginning. Cherry fruit drink is unique in composition - it is an excellent multivitamin drink that reduces blood cholesterol levels.

tea mushroom

If this miracle mushroom, which looks like a jellyfish, has not yet taken root in your kitchen, then it's time to start breeding it. Pour it with strong sweetened brew and in a few days you get a valuable tonic drink that tastes like kvass, and looks like soda.

D julep

Want to freshen up? Then drink julep - a drink based on mint leaves. Pour some water into a glass, dissolve 2 teaspoons of sugar in it, add a few mint leaves and mash with a spoon. Remove the sprigs, fill the glass almost to the top with crushed ice and pour in any fruit juice or syrup (or a mixture of both).

E drink

Pine needles are rich in vitamins, essential oils and remove harmful substances from the body. To make a vitamin drink from it to strengthen immunity, pour 1 tbsp of spruce needles into 3 tbsp of cold water, add the juice of 1 lemon and insist for two days.

"Zhivchik"

A drink based on apple juice and echinacea tincture (a natural remedy for stimulating the immune system). Just mix concentrated apple juice with water of your choice and add a few drops of herbal tincture to the glass - homemade energy drink is ready!

Green tea

Probably the best summer drink. Chilled green tea with lemon perfectly quenches thirst, tones up, replenishes the loss of trace elements in the body and increases efficiency. For variety, add ice cubes, fruit juice or syrup, carbonated mineral water, mint leaves to the cup.

And ginger ale

A sparkling refreshing drink with magical bubbles and a delicate taste. In a 2-liter jar, put 1.5 tbsp of grated ginger root, 1 tbsp of sugar, 1/4 tsp of dry active yeast, juice of 1 lemon (or orange, grapefruit, pomegranate) - pour water, close the lid and shake until dissolving sugar. Leave at room temperature for 2-3 days, then refrigerate overnight and strain in the morning.

Yogurt

Drinking yogurt can be prepared at home - lovers of this drink ferment it in special yogurt makers. It is believed that this is a drink of centenarians - the Russian scientist Mechnikov studied its beneficial properties in his scientific research.

K Obler

This is the name of drinks based on juices and fruits with a large amount of finely crushed ice - the glass is filled with cubes more than half, and then the cobbler components are poured. And they drink it through a straw - “cobbler” in English means “long sip”.

L monad

Royal drink. According to legend, lemonade was invented by the court cupbearer of the French King Louis I, and later the recipe came to Russia thanks to Peter I. Lemonade fans came up with many variations with the addition of spices, mint and fruits. If you don't like lemonade, try orangeade - the same thing, only made from oranges.

"M ohito" non-alcoholic

Favorite Cuban drink in a "sober" variation. Mint and lime give it a pleasant green color. Finely chop 1 bunch of mint and 1 lime, add 6 pieces of brown sugar, mash everything with a mortar and pour 600 ml of mineral water. Mojito is served with ice cubes.

Honey drink

To prepare this pleasant carbonated drink, dissolve 250 grams of honey in 1 liter of hot water, cool to room temperature, add 5 grams of yeast and the juice of half a lemon. Leave warm for 12 hours, then strain and refrigerate.

About the wax cocktail

A rare guest on our table and in vain - there are a lot of trace elements and fiber in a vegetable cocktail. To prepare the drink, chop your favorite vegetables in a blender and mix with curdled milk, salt, spices to taste. Try the combination of "kefir-cucumber-greens", "beetroot-carrot-pumpkin", "celery-tomato-sweet pepper" and you will look at familiar vegetables in a new way.

Punch non-alcoholic

This is a tea-based drink with the addition of various syrups, juices, milk, spices and fruits. A lot of crushed ice is put in a cold punch and it is sure to be served in a tall glass with a straw. For raspberry punch, mix 30 g of raspberry syrup, 20 g of milk and 100 g of cold strong black tea, let it brew for 5-10 minutes and garnish the glass with a slice of lemon.

Rhubarb compote

Rhubarb stalks are rich in vitamins and are used in cooking in the same way as apples. Cool rhubarb compote is a real delicacy! Take 500 g of rhubarb petioles, 200 g of sugar, lemon peels, a pinch of ginger. Wash the stems, peel, cut. Boil sugar, lemon peels, ginger with a glass of water, then add rhubarb and cook until soft.

S ok birch

It is harvested in the spring, but in the summer you can "extract" birch sap in the store. It is a natural remedy for a variety of problems, from depression to stomach ulcers. You will taste it and feel how the life-giving power of birch flows in.

T arhun

If you get tarragon grass, you can arrange an evening of nostalgia with homemade Tarragon. In boiling water (1l), put finely chopped tarragon (200g), pour in lemon juice (50 ml), cover and let it brew, and then put it in the refrigerator. Add sugar to taste. The finished drink can be diluted with mineral water or bubbles can be added to it using a carbonation machine.

U ksus apple

No, of course, they do not drink it in its pure form! But if you dilute a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar in a glass of water and add a teaspoon of honey, you get a pleasant drink. It is believed that it improves metabolism and thereby helps to lose extra pounds.

f out

These sparkling drinks are made from acidic fruit juices, egg whites and soda to create a fizzy mixture. For the apricot fizz, whisk together 40 ml of apricot juice with the juice of half a lemon and 1 egg white. Put ice cubes in the glasses, pour the mixture, and then add 100 ml of soda.

X cold coffee

For coffee lovers, this is a real summer escape. Pour ground coffee with ice water and leave to infuse overnight - in the morning you will get a weak soft drink with a mild taste. And of course treat yourself to glasse coffee - just add a scoop of ice cream to coffee brewed in the usual hot way.

C branch tea

The most famous flower tea is hibiscus (Sudanese rose, red sorrel, hibiscus). The leaves of this plant, when brewed, give the infusion a bright red color, which makes it look like a fruit compote. In the summer heat, hibiscus is good to drink chilled with the addition of sugar or honey.

Black plum compote

Dried fruit compote - the taste of childhood, which is always relevant. Take 200 g of prunes and 1/2 tbsp of sugar. Stir the sugar in 1 liter of hot water and add the washed prunes, cook over low heat for 20 minutes until soft.

Hippopotamus drink

If you mix the rosehip infusion, prepared in the evening in a thermos, with any fruit juices, you get an original soft drink. For example, to enjoy the “Evening Sunset”, bring to a boil 1 tbsp of rosehip infusion, 2 tbsp blackcurrant juice and 2 tbsp. sugar and then refrigerate.

Sherbet

Although the drink is refreshing, it is very nutritious, so it may well replace lunch. Sherbet is based on thick fruit syrups, juices or fruit drinks, which are whipped in a mixer and poured into a glass with pieces of fruit, and ice cream is always put on top. The main thing is not to stir the layers!

Uh Mr. feet

The general name for milk-fruit drinks with the addition of an egg or egg yolk. To make banana egg nog, mix 50g milk, 1-2 bananas, 20g sugar syrup and 1 egg in a mixer. Fruit can be added to the drink.

"Southern" cocktail

A variation on the theme of milkshakes with a subtle coffee note. For one serving, take 150 g of milk, 50 g of ice cream, 1/2 tbsp of cocoa, 3/4 tsp of instant coffee, 2 tsp of water. Dissolve cocoa and coffee in hot water and mix with milk. Combine the chilled mixture with ice cream and beat.

I am block cider

This is not about a low-alcohol drink like champagne, but about its counterpart without degrees. Non-alcoholic cider is considered a type of apple juice, so both adults and children can drink it. Just mix apple juice with mineral water - it's a pleasure to cool off in this way!

Even in ancient times, people learned to produce a variety of alcoholic beverages. The list of names includes a huge number of species and varieties. They differ mainly in the raw materials from which they were prepared.

List of low-alcohol alcoholic drinks

. Beer- a low-alcohol drink, obtained by fermenting hops, malt wort and brewer's yeast. The alcohol content in it is 3-12%

. Champagne- sparkling wine obtained by secondary fermentation. Contains alcohol 9-20%.

. Wine- an alcoholic beverage obtained by fermentation of yeast and grape juice of various varieties, the names of which, as a rule, are present in the name. The alcohol content is 9-20%.

. Vermouth- fortified wine, flavored with spicy and medicinal plants, the main component is wormwood. Fortified wines contain 16-18% alcohol.

. Sake- Japanese traditional alcoholic drink. Obtained by fermentation of rice, rice malt and water. The strength of this drink is 14.5-20% vol.

Strong liquor

. Tequila. The traditional Mexican product is obtained from the juice extracted from the core of the blue agave. "Silver" and "Golden" tequila are especially common alcoholic drinks. The list can be continued with such names as "Sauza", "Jose Cuervo" or "Sierra". The best taste is considered to be a drink with an exposure of 4-5 years. The alcohol content is 38-40%.

. Sambuca. A strong Italian liqueur based on alcohol and essential oil derived from anise. White, black and red sambuca are in the greatest demand. Fortress - 38-42%.

. Liqueurs. Strong sweet alcoholic drinks. The list can be divided into 2 categories: cream liqueurs (20-35%), dessert (25-30%) and strong (35-45%).

. Cognac. A strong alcoholic drink based on cognac spirit obtained by distillation of wine. Distillation takes place in special copper cubes, the product is subject to subsequent aging in oak barrels for at least two years. After diluting alcohol with distilled water, it acquires a strength of 42-45%.

. Vodka. Refers to strong drinks with an alcohol content of 35-50%. It is a mixture of water and alcohol, which is made from natural products by fermentation followed by distillation. The most popular drinks: vodka "Absolute", "Wheat", "Capital".

. Brandy. An alcoholic drink made from fermented grape juice by distillation. The alcohol content in it is 30-50%.

. Gin. A strong alcoholic drink with a unique taste, obtained by distillation of wheat alcohol and juniper. To enhance the taste, natural additives may be present in it: lemon or orange peel, anise, cinnamon, coriander. The strength of gin is 37.5-50%.

. Whiskey. A strong drink that is made by fermenting, distilling and aging cereals (barley, corn, wheat, etc.). Aged in oak barrels. Contains alcohol in the amount of 40-50%.

. Rum. One of the strongest alcoholic drinks. It is made on the basis of alcohol aged in barrels for at least 5 years, due to which it acquires a brown color and a burning taste. The strength of rum varies from 40 to 70%.

. Absinthe. A very strong drink with an alcohol content of 70 to 85%. It is based on alcohol, wormwood extract and a set of herbs such as anise, mint, licorice, calamus and some others.

Here are the main alcoholic drinks. This list is not final, it can be continued with other names. However, all of them will be derived from the main composition.

Types of alcoholic drinks

All drinks containing ethanol in varying amounts, also known as alcohol, are called alcoholic beverages. Basically they are divided into three classes:

3. Strong alcoholic drinks.

Bread kvass. Depending on the manufacturing method, it may contain from 0.5 to 1.5% alcohol. Prepared on the basis of malt (barley or rye), flour, sugar, water, it has a refreshing taste and bread aroma.

Proper beer. It is made from almost the same ingredients as kvass, but with the addition of hops and yeast. Regular beer contains 3.7-4.5% alcohol, but there is still strong beer, where this percentage rises to 7-9 units.

Kumis, ayran, bilk. Drinks based on fermented milk. May contain up to 4.5% alcohol.

Energy alcoholic drinks. They contain tonic substances: caffeine, guarana extract, cocoa alkaloids, etc. The alcohol content in them ranges from 7-8%.

Second category

Natural grape wines. Depending on the sugar content and the variety of the main raw materials, they are divided into dry, semi-dry, sweet and semi-sweet, as well as white and red. The names of the wines also depend on the grape varieties used: "Riesling", "Rkatsiteli", "Isabella" and others.

Natural fruit and berry wines. They can be made from various berries and fruits and are also classified by sugar content and color.

Special grades

These include Madeira, Vermouth, Port, Sherry, Cahors, Tokay and others. These wines are made by special methods and in a specific wine-growing area. In Hungary, in the manufacture of Tokay, a “noble” mold is used, which allows the berries to dry right on the vine. In Portugal, Madeira is aged in special solariums under the open sun; in Spain, sherry matures under a yeast film.

Table, dessert and fortified wines. The former are prepared using natural fermentation technology, the latter are very sweet and flavored, and the third are fortified with alcohol to the desired degree. They can all be red, pink and white in color.

Champagne and other sparkling wines. Of these, French is the most popular, but in other countries there are no less worthy drinks, for example, Portuguese spumante, Spanish cava or Italian asti. Sparkling wines are distinguished by their special appearance, delicate aroma, and interesting taste. Their main difference from still wines is playful bubbles. The color of the drinks can be pink and white, but sometimes there are sparkling red wines. According to the sugar content, they are divided into dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet and sweet. The quality of a wine is determined by the number and size of the bubbles, how long they last and, of course, how they taste.

These types of alcoholic beverages have a strength of not more than 20% vol.

The third and largest category

Vodka. An alcoholic beverage made from cereals containing 40% alcohol. By way of continuous distillation, a new product was obtained at one time, called Absolut vodka, and its producer, Lare Olsen Smith, was awarded the title of "king of vodka". Sometimes this drink is infused with herbs, citrus fruits or nuts. Made using Swedish technology from high-purity alcohol, vodka rightfully occupies one of the first places in the rating of alcoholic beverages in this category. It is used to make various cocktails.

Tinctures bitter. They are obtained by insisting vodka or alcohol on aromatic spices, herbs or roots. Fortress 25-30 degrees, but can rise up to 45 degrees, for example, "Pepper", "Stark" or "Hunting".

Sweet drinks

The tinctures are sweet. They are prepared on the basis of alcohol or vodka, mixed with fruit drinks and sugar, the content of which can reach 25%, while the alcohol content usually does not exceed 20%. Although some drinks are stronger, for example, the Excellent tincture contains 40% alcohol.

Pouring. They differ in that they are made on the basis of fresh berries or fruits without yeast, but with the addition of strong vodka and a large amount of sugar. These types of alcoholic drinks are very thick and sweet. The name of the liqueurs tells what they are made of: plum, dogwood, strawberry. Although there are strange names: "spotykach", "casserole". They contain 20% alcohol and 30-40% sugar.

Liqueurs. Thick, very sweet and strong drinks. They are made by mixing molasses or sugar syrup with alcohol infused with various herbs, spices, essential oils and other aromatic substances. There are dessert liqueurs - with an alcohol content of up to 25%, strong - 45% and fruit and berry, with a strength of 50%. Any of these varieties requires exposure from 3 months to 2 years. The name of alcoholic beverages indicates what aromatic additives were used in the preparation of the product: Vanilla, Coffee, Raspberry, Apricot, and so on.

Strong grape drinks

Cognacs. They are made on the basis of cognac spirits, and spirits are obtained by fermentation of various grape varieties. One of the first places in the line is occupied by Armenian cognac. The most popular is "Ararat", "Nairi", "Armenia", "Jubilee" are no less famous. Of the French, the most popular are Hennessy, Courvoisier, Martel, Hain. All cognacs are divided into 3 categories. The first includes ordinary drinks aged for 3 years. The second is vintage cognacs, which have a minimum aging period of 6 years. The third includes drinks-long-lived, called collection. Here the shortest exposure is 9 years.

French, Azerbaijani, Russian, Armenian brandy is produced and sold by cognac houses founded more than one century ago and still dominating the market.

Grappa. Italian vodka based on grape pomace, aged in oak or cherry barrels from 6 months to 10 years. The value of the drink depends on the aging period, the grape variety and the place where the vine grows. Grappa's relatives are Georgian chacha and South Slavic brandy.

Very strong liquor

Absinthe- one of them. Its main component is an extract of bitter wormwood. The essential oils of this plant contain the substance thujone, which is the main component of the drink. The more thujone, the better the absinthe. The price directly depends on the percentage of this substance and on the originality of the drink. Along with wormwood, absinthe includes anise, mint, angelica, licorice and other herbs. Whole wormwood leaves are sometimes placed at the bottom of the bottles to confirm the naturalness of the product. Thujone in absinthe can contain from 10 to 100%. By the way, the drink is presented in two varieties - silver and gold. So, “golden” absinthe, the price of which is always quite high (from 2 to 15 thousand rubles per liter), is banned in Europe precisely because of the large amount of the substance mentioned above, reaching 100%. The usual color of the drink is emerald green, but it can be yellow, red, brown and even transparent.

Rum. Prepared by fermentation from the residual products of sugar cane - syrup and molasses. The quantity and quality of the product depends on the type and type of raw materials. The following types of rum are distinguished by color: Cuban "Havana", "Varadero" (light or silver); gold or amber; Jamaican "Captain Morgan" (dark or black); Martinican (made only from cane juice). The strength of the rum is 40-75 gr.

Strong drinks with fruit juice

Calvados. One of the varieties of brandy. For the preparation of the product, 50 varieties of apples are used, and for uniqueness, a pear blend is added. Then the fruit juice is fermented and clarified by double distillation and brought to 70 degrees. Aged in oak or chestnut barrels from 2 to 10 years. Then, with softened water, the fortress is reduced to 40 o.

Gin, Balsam, Aquavit, Armagnac. They are also included in the third category, since alcohol is present in all of them. These are all strong alcoholic drinks. Prices for them depend on the quality of alcohol ("Lux", "Extra"), the strength and aging of the drink, the brand and the constituent components. Many contain extracts of aromatic herbs and roots.

Homemade drinks

Homemade moonshine is also a prominent representative of strong alcoholic beverages. Craftsmen make it from different products: it can be berries, apples, apricots or other fruits, wheat, potatoes, rice, any jam. Sugar and yeast must be added to them. All of this is shattered. Then, by distillation, a strong drink is obtained with an alcohol content of up to 75%. For greater purity of the product, a double distillation can be done. Home-made moonshine is purified from fusel oils and other impurities by filtration, then it (optional) is either insisted on various herbs, nuts, spices, or diluted with fruit drinks, essences, juices. With proper preparation, this drink will not yield to various vodkas and tinctures in terms of taste.

Finally, I would like to remind you of two simple rules, following which you will be able to maintain your health and not be bored in a cheerful company: do not abuse alcohol and do not spend money on low-quality drinks. And then everything will be fine.

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Everyone knows about the dangers of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol destroys health and causes severe addiction, which is not so easy to get rid of. But, despite the complexity of production and the expensive cost, alcohol does not go out of fashion and does not lose popularity. Therefore, alcohol brands are flourishing, and new types of spirits fill supermarket shelves with constant regularity.

People like the feeling of a slight euphoria that drinking brings, a feeling of pleasant relaxation. In a small dose, good and high-quality alcohol even brings some benefits to the body. Doctors agree with this. But here's how to understand the rich and prosperous alcoholic world and choose the right alcoholic drinks, the list of names of which has already exceeded many thousands? Let's try.

Most often, types of alcoholic products are classified by strength.

It is difficult to say now when exactly mankind got acquainted with alcohol. It is known that historically the first alcohol goes back centuries. Even Miklouho-Maclay observed how the Papuans of New Guinea, who were not even familiar with fire, were already successfully obtaining alcohol for their needs.

The history of alcohol goes back over 10,000 years

The word "alcohol" is of Arabic origin, in translation it means "stupefying mind".

The oldest tribes initially used alcohol to perform numerous rituals and summon spirits. These traditions later found their continuation in the rite of “twinning”. And, perhaps, it was from these times that the tradition began to meet guests with a rich table and the same alcohol.

What are alcoholic drinks

Alcohol refers to products in the manufacture of which ethyl alcohol is involved.. Most alcohol is obtained by fermentation. In addition to ethyl alcohol, other types of raw materials are also used in the creation of alcoholic beverages:

apricot, grapes; plum, pineapple, pear;
corn, rice, wheat, rye, millet, barley;
sweet potato, potato, agave and sugar cane.

Numerous spices, honey, tints, flavors and some herbs are also used in the technological processes for the manufacture of alcohol. True alcohol gourmets cherish the dream of tasting the entire list of alcoholic beverages ever created by man. The main thing to remember, cherishing your dream, is that alcohol in large quantities can cause alcohol addiction and simply kill a person.

Statistics of the most popular alcohol in Russia

All varieties of alcoholic beverages that exist in the world can be divided into groups based on their strength. These are the following areas of alcohol:

Low alcohol.
Medium alcohol.
Strong.

In general, this gradation can be taken into account when classifying alcohol only conditionally. In some countries and regions, alcohol strength standards are higher, while in others they are lower. This classification is quite ephemeral, because the amount and norms of alcohol that determine this classification are not the same everywhere. Therefore, we will rely on the list of types of alcohol and its strength standards adopted in Russia.

Low alcohol alcohol

Alcohol of this type is considered the least safe for health, and some low-alcohol types of these products do not even fall under the concept of "alcohol-containing". The range and list of low-alcohol drinks is so large that it is simply not possible to count absolutely all of their types.

What about alcoholic beverages

Low-alcohol alcohol is light alcoholic beverages in which the ethanol content does not exceed 6-8%.

We list only those types of low-alcohol alcohol that are most popular in Russia and known to our consumers. These are the following product types:

Beer. It is made from hops, brewer's yeast and purified water. Beer is also divided into non-alcoholic (strength from 0.1%) and strong (3-6%). Everyone's favorite hops vary in color: red, dark and light, according to the method of fermentation: top and bottom and raw materials: corn, rice, rye.
Cider. In the manufacture of such a drink, fruit extracts are used (usually apple or pear). The juice is fermented, but without the use of yeast. Cider is a carbonated spirit, with a strength of 1-8%. This drink has a greenish or golden color and a rich fruity aroma.
Braga. This alcohol is often used as a kind of transitional product for its subsequent processing into moonshine (strong intoxicant), while the mash itself has a strength of 3-8%. It is divided into its types: pruno, keel and brawanda.
Kvass. This popular, especially in the summer heat, is not, as such, alcohol. But still, a small percentage of alcohol is present in it. This ancient Slavic drink, adhering to ancient traditions, is made from malt, flour and rye bread. Berries, fruits, herbs and natural honey can also be added there.
Toddy. The low-alcohol drink is essentially palm wine. In the process of its preparation, palm juices of some varieties (wine, sugar and coconut) are used. For us, Toddy is still considered quite rare and exotic alcohol, but it is rapidly gaining popularity.
Koumiss. Just like kvass, this strengthening and very healthy drink does not belong to the category of alcohol. But it contains even a tiny, but existing percentage of ethanol. Koumiss is prepared from the milk of young mares.

Medium alcohol alcohol

This category includes alcoholic beverages with an ethanol concentration of up to 30%. Many of the types of alcohol of this type contain fruit juices or pieces of natural fruit.

When choosing alcohol for yourself, remember that it is detrimental to health.

Medium-alcohol drinks in many cases are used to prevent various diseases. Of course, subject to their moderate consumption.

Their benefits are due to the fruits included in the composition, in particular, grapes.. As you know, this sunny fruit contains a huge amount of various vitamins and micro and macro elements useful for life. Grape juice has been successfully used for therapy:

asthma;
pleurisy;
problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
inflammatory diseases of the bronchopulmonary system.

So what kind of alcohol is useful? The list of medium-alcohol products includes such well-known alcohol-containing drinks as:

Wine. Probably the most popular of the list of medium-strength alcohol-containing products. Wines, in turn, are divided by color (pink, white and red), sugar concentration (dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet and sweet). There is a variety of wines saturated with carbon dioxide - they are called sparkling. Wine is famous for a large list of useful properties and is actively used in medical practice.
Mead. In the manufacture of this aromatic spirit, yeast, natural high-quality honey and numerous flavoring additional ingredients are used. Mead has its own classification, depending on honey characteristics: variety, aging period, time of its inclusion in manufactured products and the level of sterilization.
Mulled wine. The surest remedy for a harsh winter. This fragrant drink perfectly saves from freezing and colds. It is prepared by boiling spices and various fruits in natural wine.
Punch. An original wine cocktail with added fruit juice and various fragrant and tasty pieces of selected fruits themselves. Very often, the juice content in punch even exceeds the percentage of wine.
Grog. The same rum that belongs to the list of strong alcohol. But grog is an average drink in terms of degrees, as it is diluted with sugar syrup or sweet strong tea.

strong liquor

The strength of these alcoholic beverages varies between 20-80%. Doctors advise to use this type of alcohol with extreme caution due to its high strength.. The range of these products is very large, the list of strong alcoholic beverages includes the following types:

Vodka. It is an alcohol that has no color, with a strength of 40-55%. The drink is based on rectified alcohol, which is produced from potato or grain raw materials. This type of strong alcohol has a huge number of brands, varieties and names.
Cognac. For the manufacture of this type of alcohol, a certain technology is used. Use special varieties of dark grapes. At the output, the cognac is fragrant, with an attractive amber hue. This type of strong alcohol is classified according to the place of production and aging.
Rum (cane vodka). This alcohol is made from cane. Rum differs in color (it can be transparent, light, golden or dark in color). Light rum is often used to make various cocktails. But the amber rum is aged in oak barrels, in the process various aroma spices and caramel are added to it. Dark rum has the brightest taste and conquers alcohol gourmets with a rich aroma of caramel and molasses. He also successfully goes to the preparation of cocktails, rum is used in the culinary industry.
Tequila. The exotic drink is also called "Mexican vodka". It is prepared from the juice obtained from the leaves and stems of the blue agave.
Whiskey. An unusually aromatic high-strength alcoholic drink made from wheat, rye, barley or corn. Whiskey undergoes a long aging in oak containers, at the exit it has a light or dark, saturated color. Classic high quality whiskey is made in Ireland and Scotland.
Brandy. In the process of preparing a drink that tastes close to whiskey, grape or apple juice is used.
Sambuca. At its core, this alcohol is pure vodka, to which anise and a select collection of medicinal herbs are added. Sambuca has no color, but has a sweetish taste and pleasant aroma. There are also dark types of this alcohol. The ingredients of the unique spirit also include sugar, wheat, various berries and elderberries. The real sambuca recipe is kept in the strictest confidence.
Gin. In the process of preparing this strong alcohol, grain ethanol and numerous selected spices are used: citrus fruits, coriander, almonds, cinnamon and juniper berries. This composition gives the gin an original, incomparable taste and smell.
Liquor. Very sweet and odorous alcohol, prepared on the basis of fruit and berry juices with an increased inclusion of sugar (its content is 25-65%), numerous spices and aromatic herbs. This type of strong alcohol is considered the most high-calorie.
Tinctures. These types of alcohol-containing products are prepared by insisting on high-quality, pure ethanol of a variety of berries and herbs. Tinctures are classified into bitter, sweet and semi-sweet. Very often, this type of strong alcohol is used as a means of therapy for various diseases.
Absinthe. The main component of this alcohol is wormwood. Absinthe has earned fame as the strongest alcoholic drink. Its fortress is about 76-86%. It is classified by color (black, green, red and yellow), by strength and by the concentration of thujone (a natural compound contained in the extract from tansy).

Of course, not all subspecies of alcohol products are included in this list of alcohol. Too many of them. We have only listed the most common and beloved in our country. The number of alcoholic beverages is increasing every year. Therefore, so much effort is invested in the prevention of alcoholism, which is also growing from year to year.