The moral values of family and marriage. Family values: concept, types, meaning

21.10.2019

St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Faculty of Distance Learning

Department of Personnel and Educational Work

Test

on the subject of professional ethics on the topic:

"The moral value of the family"

Completed by: listener police lieutenant colonel

Alexey Bogdanov

St. Petersburg

Introduction

Family values

The moral foundations of the family

Status dispositions in the family

The system of rules of conduct in the family

Child individualism index in the family

Family Masculinity Index

Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

An ideal family is unthinkable without love. Love is warmth, tenderness, joy. This is the main driving force behind the development of mankind, what we all exist for, what drives a person to reckless and heroic deeds. "I love, and that means I live ..." (V. Vysotsky)

More than once philosophers and sociologists have raised the question of the crisis of the institution of the family, and even predicted its disappearance in the future. The structure of the family as a small social group has changed: families have shrunk, many families have appeared that have formed after remarriage, single mothers. But marriage still has a high prestige; people do not want to live alone. The upbringing function of the family remains important, but a large role is assigned to the state and society: children are brought up in nurseries, kindergartens, schools, and the media also have a significant impact. The recreational function of the family is also important, i.e. mutual assistance, health maintenance, organization of rest and leisure. In the modern world with its high social rate, the family turns into an outlet where a person recovers his mental and physical strength. One of the main functions of the family, reproductive, does not change. function of procreation. Thus, nothing and no one can replace the functions of the family.

In our country, a lot of attention is paid to the family. The family is under the protection of the state ... Modern marriage and family relations require that the husband and wife have a high level of moral, ethical and psychological and pedagogical culture of marriage. It is important to help the younger generation in the successful development of personal qualities, the ability to understand their own qualities and the qualities of other people. That is why the utmost attention must be paid to preparing the younger generation for family life. Such training contains the following aspects: general social, ethical, legal, psychological, pedagogical, aesthetic, economic and economic.

Family is a very important, responsible business of a person. The family brings fullness of life, happiness, but each family is, first of all, a big business of national importance. And the goal of our society is the happiness of people, and one of its most important components is a healthy, strong family, because it is she who raises and brings up the new generation. Consequently, the state should pay even more attention to caring for the family: increasing real incomes, social benefits and benefits, housing, etc.

So, family life requires from a person very different knowledge and skills, as well as skills that are formed in everyday life, starting from the parental family.

If spouses love each other, feel deep sympathy, but cannot find a common language, they experience great difficulty. Love brings you closer; but a family is at least two different people with their own attitudes towards different aspects of life. In a family, clashes of opinions, ideas, interests, needs are inevitable. Full agreement is not always possible, even if desired. Some of the spouses with such an orientation would have to give up their aspirations, interests, etc. The better the relationship between spouses, the easier it is for them to raise their children. Parenting is, first of all, a lot of work to build a permanent and lasting psychological contact with a child at any age.

The family is a product of a social system; it changes with the change in this system. But, despite this, divorce is an acute social problem.

Divorce is a strong emotional and mental shock that does not pass without a trace for the spouses. As a mass phenomenon, divorce plays a predominantly negative role both in the change in the birth rate and in the upbringing of children.

Divorce is assessed as a blessing only if it changes for the better the conditions for the formation of the child's personality, puts an end to the negative impact of marital conflicts on the child's psyche. A family can live if it performs poorly or does not perform at all any of its functions, except as a parent. A family dies if it stops doing what it was created for - raising children.

1. FAMILY VALUES

family parenting

As a unit of society, the family reflects its ideological, political and moral foundations. Ideological values occupy the most important place among the spiritual values of the family.

The family is the most important school of morals, here a person takes the first steps along the path of moral and political formation of the individual.

The active social orientation of the activities of the father and mother is reflected in the lifestyle of the family. Such parents grow up ideologically convinced children.

Traditions play a huge role in the transfer of the ideological experience of the older generations to the younger (the beginning and end of the school year for children; the days of coming of age; obtaining a passport, etc.)

The ideological values of the family include family heirlooms - documents, memories, letters, awards. Each of them is a testimony about the life and deeds of loved ones, relatives. A careful attitude to relics is a source of moral strength, ideological conviction, spiritual continuity of generations.

MORAL AND MORAL BASIS OF THE FAMILY

Morality is formed in specific historical conditions and, accordingly, its very content changes depending on these conditions.

The Code of Ethics proclaims the leading moral principle by which the family lives: Mutual respect in the family, caring for the upbringing of children ... But other principles also directly concern the family - so, for example, isn't conscientious work needed in a family? Or principle one for all and all for one - does it only concern public life? And where, if not in a family, do we learn a humane attitude towards people, honesty and truthfulness, simplicity and modesty, intransigence to injustice?

Whatever moral principle we take, it becomes clear that it is learned from an early age in the family. The assimilation of moral norms occurs not from words, but in activities, in the actions of people.

So, the concept family debt wider than conjugal duty : it includes both parental duty and filial (child) duty and the duty of a brother, sister, grandchildren, etc. Marital, family duty is an enduring moral value of people. And love is inconceivable without duty, responsibility for each other. Thus, children are the main moral value of the family, and the parental duty is the responsibility to ensure that a worthy person, physically and spiritually healthy, grows up in the family. And the participation of children in the life of the family should take place on the basis of the rights of equal members of the family collective.

It is safe to say that a house in which there is no friendship, good relations between the elders and the younger, cannot be called happy. Therefore, we have the right to classify the friendship of parents and children as one of the moral values of the family.

Sincere, respectful relationships are established, as a rule, only in families, where relationships are built on the type of cooperation. Beginners of such family relationships are distinguished by mutual tact, politeness, endurance, the ability to yield, get out of the conflict in time and endure adversity with dignity.

From the first days of its existence, a young family, relying on all the best inherited from their parents, should strive to create their own style of relationships, their traditions, which would reflect the thoughts of young people to create a strong family, raise children, and preserve love. Mutual respect and understanding will become a tradition, and gallantry and high aesthetics will become a habit and remain in the family for life.

3. STATUS DISPOSITIONS IN THE FAMILY

The following constituent elements of this criterion are proposed: authority, power, democratic relations, control, trust, etc. As can be seen from the above list of elements that make up this criterion, not only the value orientation of the family at the level of parent-child relations, but also the entire spectrum of intra-family subordination is subject to analysis. This refers to the relationship between generations also at the level of older parents (grandfathers, grandmothers). This also includes the definition of the style of intermarital communication and the corporatism of relations between children in the family.

The degree and quality of the manifestation of status dispositions in the family is measured using the following indicators:

) the attitude of children to manifestations of parental power;

) the trust of the parent-child relationship - based on mutual evaluations;

) the quality of parental control in relation to children (exactingness, categoricality, consistency);

) cohesion and hierarchy of relations between children in the family;

) distribution of household responsibilities;

) the intensity and quality of communication with representatives of the third generation (older parents): communication and support.

FAMILY RULES

From the point of view of influence on the upbringing process, this value criterion performs a function in the family close to parental control, but in some cases its action goes beyond the framework of the "educator-educated" relationship and extends to all members of the family group. Thus, the rules of conduct, accepted by all family members, without exception, determine the moral ideology of this particular family with minor children. The educational role of this criterion is manifested to the greatest extent in the process of forming moral values and rules of life in children, since the actions and actions of the child approved by the family are directly related to his assimilation of the moral norms of society.

The effectiveness of the child's assimilation of parental upbringing efforts to transfer the system of rules of behavior in the family is measured by the following indicators:

) the obligation to comply with the established order in the family. Empirical indicators in this case may be: the obligation to return family members home no later than a certain time, notification in case of an unforeseen delay; the immutable fulfillment by family members of their household duties, etc. The qualitative level of this indicator is measured by the rating scale method: “high commitment - rather high - when as - rather low - very low”;

) tolerance to manifestations of deviant behavior both within the family and outside it. An indicator can be the level of intolerance in the family towards manifestations of alcoholism, drug addiction, hooliganism, violence, nationalism, terrorism, etc. A similar rating scale is used to measure the level of tolerance;

) the sequence of educational actions on the part of the parents. The empirical indicators of this educational ideology of the family are as follows: the correspondence of words and deeds in the actions of parents; lack of double morality in the family; an adequate reaction of parents to the behavior of children, etc. The rating scale includes the following items: "high consistency - more often consistent - when how - occasionally show consistency - usually not consistent";

) presentation of requirements to children, taking into account their age characteristics and capabilities. Empirical indicators of this indicator are based on taking into account the factors of the physical and mental health of children, the level of their social and legal preparedness, etc. The rating scale provides for the following qualitative characteristics: "they always take into account - more often they take into account - when, as, according to circumstances - more often do not take into account - usually do not take into account".

INDEX OF CHILD'S INDIVIDUALISM IN THE FAMILY

The criterion under consideration makes it possible to form, through a system of indicators, an idea of the child's self-assessments and self-identification as a family member, as well as the position of parents in the formation of the independence of his judgments and actions in the world outlook. It is known that an individual can isolate himself only by feeling himself in the society of other individuals similar to him. It seems extremely important that the child has a free choice between the possibility of communication with other people and isolation for introspection and improvement, the development of his personal qualities. The child's individualism index gives an idea of the educational responsibility of the parents, who consciously form such qualities of the child's personality that allow him to achieve a sense of inner freedom and emancipation in the process of growing up and socialization. In working with this criterion, a number of complex indicators are used, which in the future can be presented in fractional form at the level of simple indicators:

) the relationship between the principles of communication and isolation in the practice of parenting the individuality as a quality of the child;

) the degree of independence of the child in the family allowed by the parents:

material (the child's own earnings through labor);

physical (gaining self-care skills, personal health care);

psychological (respect for the personality of the child, moderate criticism);

intellectual (respect for the child's opinion, creating conditions for the development of cognitive attitudes).

) personal responsibility of the child, attitude to rights and obligations;

) personal autonomy of the child:

spatial (the presence of a room, bed, etc.);

emotional (the possibility of solitude, a sense of "social loneliness");

material (personal earnings as pocket money or as part of the family's budget);

) self-identification of the child: orientation towards individuality or social system ("I" - as part of a family group);

) independence of the child in decision-making, independence from the reference group (including family);

) the child's assessment of his achievements as personal successes or as a collective effort of the family.

FAMILY MASCULINE INDEX

The term "masculinity" is used in the analysis of the educational methods of the family in the situation of a differentiated approach to children of the opposite sex. The same term defines the actions of family members to provide mutual support, protection and assistance, i.e. the level of corporation of the family group is determined.

At the same time, the index of masculinity reveals the frequency of use by spouses of forceful methods of solving intra-family problems. As you know, the effectiveness of family education presupposes, first of all, a clear example of the parents' own behavior in certain life circumstances. Practice shows that examples of violent behavior borrowed by children from the parental family become a natural continuation of the tradition of spousal and parental violence in the next generation.

It follows from the above that the indicators used to determine the masculinity index should make it possible to assess spouses-parents as subjects of both positive (support) and negative (violence) actions in the family. The following set of indicators is proposed:

gender approach to the upbringing of children; differentiated parenting measures of mother and father for children of different sex;

admissibility of cruel treatment of children (the use of various forms of violent actions);

the intensity of parental support provided to children (parent as protector, family as “refuge”);

the manifestation of empathy and its addressees in the family and outside of it;

admissibility of interspousal violence.

Another methodological approach to the problem of classifying the value system of the family was tested in the framework of monitoring carried out by a group of researchers led by the author. The classification proposed below is based on the characteristics of the family, reflecting its life activity. The researchers were guided by the hypothesis of a higher efficiency of educational influence in families characterized by the stability of intrafamily relationships. On the other hand, the stability of the family is due to the presence of a stable value system in it, which creates a situation of social balance and successful resistance to negative external factors. The educational values of the family are essentially a reflection of its value orientations. It is known that upbringing measures are implemented by parents not so much through didactic influence on the child, but through the demonstration of personal behavior, the focus of interests and needs, as well as through the creation of a certain psychological climate in the family. Based on this basis, we define the family's educational strategy through its value system. Based on this theoretical premise, the following main elements were included in the classification of family values:

) the values of marriage;

) values associated with the democratization of family relations;

) the values of parenting, raising children;

) the values of family ties;

) values associated with self-development;

) the value of out-of-family communications;

) the values of professional employment.

The ultimate goal of the study was to determine the mechanisms of continuity of the value system within the family: from parents to children. At the same time, adolescents' satisfaction with the presence and nature of manifestation of each value in his family was revealed. Satisfaction with a specific value was identified with the adolescent's readiness to accept it as an element of the ideological concept of his own future family.

As a result of the analysis of the empirical data obtained, the following dynamic series was built, characterizing the readiness of children to accept certain values of the parental family for their implementation in their own family (Table 1).

Table 1

Continuity of family values over the years

Family values Ready to accept, adolescents (%) Not ready to accept, adolescents (%) 1995 1997 1997 1999 1995 1997 1999 Matrimonial relations 161322382635 Democratization of family relations344235302333

Analyzing the data in the table. 1, it can be argued that, to the greatest extent, adolescents are ready to borrow from the parental system of values a model of family ties, first of all, in relations with their own older parents (70% of adolescents are ready to accept on average over the years of monitoring, 7% are not ready). The rating of such family values as professional interests and attitude to work is also quite high (on average, 62% are ready to follow such a parental model of behavior, and 14% of adolescents reject it). The next family value that children accept as a model of behavior is out-of-family communication, and above all, relationships with friends (51% of adolescents accept, 14% reject). Slightly less than half of adolescents (46%) approve of the parenting family's upbringing system (compared with 20% who do not approve of their parents' upbringing methods). The number of adolescents who approve of the style of relations in the family (democratic) and reject existing relations in the family is quite comparable (37% and 29%, respectively). Emotional relationships between parents do not enjoy the support of children: only 17% of adolescents assess them positively, while 33% have negative assessments. Finally, adolescents do not at all approve of the way parents spend their free time, the lack of opportunities for self-development in this area. Only 16% of children are ready to borrow the parental example, while 40% are unwilling.

Summing up the analysis of the importance of family values in the structure of parenting resources, a number of conclusions can be drawn.

First, the value system of the family has a powerful potential for an educational impact on the younger generation in terms of its personal development.

Secondly, in the context of global changes in Russian society and the ambiguity of goals in the activities of a number of social institutions that has arisen against this background, the presence of a stable system of values in the family can serve as a counterbalance to negative influences and a guarantee of adequate upbringing of the younger generation. This thesis seems to be a weighty argument in the development of state policy to support the family as an institution for raising children.

Third, the transformation of Russian society has led to the leveling of many social values of the old series (the era of socialism), but a distinct system of values of the new era has not yet been formed. This is the main difficulty in implementing the educational process in a changing society: there are no stable guidelines for future development, a promising strategy of social priorities has not been determined. The definition of social guidelines for the development of Russian society, presented to the population of the country in a conceptual form, could greatly ease the problems of the family and other social institutions when choosing and developing the principles of educational influence on children in the new conditions of functioning.

In a changing society, the traditional values of the family often become a brake on the assimilation of new life realities. In such a situation, the process of transformation of family values, their adaptation to new living conditions, often occurs with the active participation of the younger generation in the family. Such a social phenomenon takes place today in Russian society: there is an atypical situation where parents recognize the high competence of children in a number of issues related to the real values of the new society. Thus, in a transitional Russian society, one should speak not so much about the traditional transfer of family values from parents to children, as about their multidirectional participation in this process. At the intergenerational level, along with the assimilation of basic values by children, the parents' value system is being transformed.

The Russian reforms of the last two decades have radically changed the ideology of the priorities of society's values. The primacy of the interests of society over the individual, postulated under socialism, was replaced by the opposite: henceforth, the interests of the individual are considered as primary, prevailing over the collective, group. Other moral guidelines of society have also changed: they have entered into constant use with a positive sign until then little known terms from someone else's life: "enterprise", "personal initiative", "leadership", "competitiveness", etc. Positive characteristics of the value series have acquired a purely negative meaning in the past: "modesty", "altruism", "collectivism", etc. Such radical moral assessments, characteristic of a society in transition, will undoubtedly acquire a less categorical form over time, balancing each other. However, the trends of today testify to the leveling of traditional Russian values under the pressure of the values of other communities brought in from outside. In light of the above, today, an initiative of the official authorities is needed to determine the place of traditional values of the old series in the new value structure of society in order to preserve the national individuality of Russia.

CONCLUSION

An analysis of statistical data demonstrates that in the process of studying such a course, students purposefully form qualities, skills and abilities that will be useful to them in family life. Young people realize that moral and psychological preparation for marriage, personal qualities that ensure the spiritual unity of family members are needed for a normal family life.

In the process of studying the course, young people develop views and ideas that help to adequately assess the role of family education and personality formation. At the same time, their views on the everyday foundations of family life are changing, and a positive attitude towards participation in family affairs is being formed. After all, it is obvious that in family life, much is tightly linked into a single knot: moral and economic, economic and ethical. The influence of the course is also revealed when analyzing the value orientations of young people on mutual love as the highest motive and condition for family life.

Bibliography

.Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) With amendments and additions as of 2006, July 12 // "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" December 25, 1993 № 237.

2.Berdyaev N.A. Philosophy of Freedom. M, 1990.

.Kon I.S. "In Search of Yourself". M, 1989.

.Makarenko A.S. Compositions. M, 1957.

.Skriptunova E.A., Morozov A.A. On the preferences of urban youth // Sociological studies. - 2002.- No. 1.

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I Introduction

II Main part

1) The moral values of family and marriage.

2) The moral foundations of the family

Introduction.

An ideal family is unthinkable without love. Love is warmth, tenderness, joy. This is the main driving force behind the development of mankind, what we all exist for, what pushes a person to recklessly heroic deeds. "I love, and that means I live ..." (V. Vysotsky)

In our country, a lot of attention is paid to the family. "The family is under the protection of the state." Modern marriage and family relations require that the husband and wife have a high level of moral, ethical and psychological and pedagogical culture of marriage. It is important to help the younger generation in the successful development of personal qualities, the ability to understand their own qualities and the qualities of other people. That is why the utmost attention must be paid to preparing the younger generation for family life. Such training contains the following aspects: general social, ethical, legal, psychological, pedagogical, aesthetic, economic and economic.

1) The moral values of family and marriage.

Each of us is a member of the family. Those who have not yet created their own new family usually live with their parents, brothers, sisters and other relatives. Together with them, they make up a family, a cell of our society, a small collective. The birth and upbringing of children takes place in the family, it takes care of the elderly and disabled members, organizes everyday life and rest. In a good, friendly family, a person finds his happiness, children grow up as healthy and worthy members of society, how a person studies, works, and behaves in everyday life largely depends on the situation in the family.

Bearing in mind the importance of the family for society and each individual, our state has always strived to strengthen the family. Legal norms - the law - can have a special influence on human behavior. Therefore, to strengthen the family, along with other measures, the law is used. From the first days of the existence of the Russian state, laws have been issued, the purpose of which is to create and strengthen relations in the family that correspond to our social order and our moral requirements. Of course, most citizens behave in a family in such a way that there is no need to resort to the law. By virtue of their moral principles, people, without any coercion, fulfill all the responsibilities that lie with them as family members. Moral consciousness, generated by the needs of social development, as a means of regulating the social life of people and their relationships, is called upon to serve these needs. As a form of reflection of reality, moral consciousness, like other forms of social consciousness, can be true or false, the criterion of its truth is practice. However, it has some specific properties. First of all, it is able to actively influence the daily behavior of people. Moral ideas, principles, ideals are woven into human activity, acting as motives for actions. Unlike science, moral consciousness operates mainly at the level of social psychology, everyday consciousness. Moral consciousness, moral knowledge are mandatory.

Moral feelings, multiplied by the theoretical elements of moral consciousness, are manifested and, repeatedly realized in actions, in the end are fixed in a person as his moral qualities, integral spiritual and practical formations, manifested in various spheres of human life. What they become depends on us.

Family law establishes the procedure and conditions for marriage, the procedure and conditions for its dissolution and invalidation; regulates personal (non-property) and property relations arising between family members (spouses, parents and children, other family members), as well as relations arising in connection with the adoption of children into the family for upbringing.

However, the main regulator in this matter is morality.

2) The moral foundations of the family

Morality is formed in specific historical conditions and, accordingly, its very content changes depending on these conditions.

The Moral Code proclaims the leading moral principle by which the family lives: "Mutual respect in the family, care for the upbringing of children." But other principles also directly concern the family - so, for example, isn't conscientious work needed in a family? Or the principle “one for all, all for one” - does it only concern social life? And where, if not in a family, do we learn a humane attitude towards people, honesty and truthfulness, simplicity and modesty, intransigence to injustice?

Thus, the concept of “family debt” is broader than “marital debt”: it includes both parental duty and filial (daughter's) duty and the duty of a brother, sister, grandchildren, etc. Marital, family duty is an enduring moral value of people. And love is inconceivable without duty, responsibility for each other. Thus, children are the main moral value of the family, and the parental duty is the responsibility to ensure that a worthy person, physically and spiritually healthy, grows up in the family. And the participation of children in the life of the family should take place on the basis of the rights of equal members of the family collective.

3) Continuity of family values

You can talk a lot and for a long time about the importance of seven in society, about its role and functions. But this is not the purpose of our article. There are more important things that we ourselves rarely think about, but we often mention them.

Family values are a multifaceted thing - there are thousands of definitions, each of which will be correct. This is exactly the case when they say "how many people - so many opinions." Before reading the article, think about what family values mean to you personally?

Undoubtedly, if you put together a list of all values, then it will be endless. But without them, experts say, it is impossible to build a happy and friendly family, because these are not just words, these are the principles that you adhere to, your goals and tasks for the future. For a joint future.

Examples of family values

Affiliation... It is very important that every family member knows that they are important and that they matter. You can be a close-knit family that spends every free minute together, but this does not mean that your interests should be absolutely identical. It is important that in spite of any hobbies, in spite of unpleasant events or the like. things, the child and each family member should know that they have a place to return to, that they believe in them and that they are expected. Lunches and dinners, going to the cinema and zoos, or just an evening with your family will help strengthen this feeling of unity.

Respect. Everyone defines for himself what respect is. Someone considers it respectful to accept all points of view when making any decision. Also, this is the recognition of the thoughts, ideas and character of a family member, recognition of him for who he really is. It is very important not to cross the line between fear and respect, since in most cases one excludes the other. Seek respect not by violence and threats, but by wise decisions, taking into account the wishes of you and your family. Respect, as a family value, is important not only for pulp, but also at school, at work and when communicating with other people.

Flexibility. The ability to accept someone else's opinion, not to constantly insist on the same position. Of course, a clear schedule of life will not hurt, but do not forget that living the rules ... well, boring in many ways. Therefore, do not deprive yourself of the usual joys in life - make surprises, be silly, arrange unexpected evening dinners or walks. All this will strengthen your family, and teach children how to work and rest properly.

Honesty- this is the guarantee of any relationship, both friendly and family. No family is possible without this. Without honesty, it is impossible to create the deep and lasting bonds that should be an integral part of every family. Don't scold your kids for every bad thing they do, so you can show them how good and right it is to be honest. If we tell someone that something is bad, when he turns to us with bad news, then the next time he will simply hide from us what he wanted to say and stop being honest, because he knows that he will not get in the answer is nothing good. And this can threaten the loss of not only honesty, but also human trust.

Forgiveness... Forgiving is not always easy, but it is very important to be able to do it. Forgiveness is a decision, it is your choice, not just the feeling that the person has paid enough for the offense and we are ready to have mercy. Family and resentment are incompatible. Yes, we, of course, can be offended by our parents or sisters and brothers, for some misdeeds or offensive words. But, in no case, do not forget that this is your loved one, with whom your whole future life is connected. Well, it's impossible, it's just impossible to live your whole life without the closest people - it destroys a person from the inside, destroys his psyche and his calmness - this is my opinion, with which you can disagree, or you can agree. In fact, it is more difficult to forgive close people, much more, but this is what makes the family stronger and more friendly, it brings them closer together.

Do not forget that everyone can make a mistake to stumble, our task is to understand and accept. Life is too short to be wasted on quarrels and disagreements. It is best to talk directly and clear up any misunderstandings.

Generosity- it is to give without thinking, "and what will it mean for me, what benefit will I get?" For a family, this approach is impossible. Thanks to this feeling, we learn compassion, learn to think not only about ourselves and our interests, but also about the people who live next to us. Generosity does not mean giving money, it means giving your loved ones your love, warmth, attention, giving your time.

Communication- this is also a kind of art, lack of which can lead to misunderstandings and misunderstandings. Small conflicts that are not resolved at the initial stage will lead to larger ones, which will no longer be possible to hide - and you will hardly be able to calmly look at situations. Therefore, it is so important to be able to communicate and talk about your feelings and experiences, to resolve conflicts in time, before they escalate into a storm. This value is considered by many to be the most important of all. When a person feels like they can talk openly about anything - hopes, dreams, fears, successes or failures - it strengthens the bond.

A responsibility... Someone has this quality to a greater extent, someone to a lesser extent. As a child, we were taught that we need to put away toys after playing, or feed our pets on time - these little things will help children in adulthood be more accurate and responsible. An adult, responsible person, without unnecessary reminders and reproaches, comes to work on time, meets deadlines and answers phone calls in case of urgent need. If you want to build a sense of responsibility in the home, present each member with a list of things to do.

Curiosity, a quality that is more characteristic of children. Take a closer look at the child, and you will definitely see these qualities in him. It is important to encourage and promote the urge to learn new things in children. Ask questions, find out, read what you know little or do not know at all. Curiosity will help you gradually develop critical thinking that will be helpful in different situations. And knowing how to ask questions and learn will also help you strengthen your family bonds.

Traditions. Probably one of the most important family values, which is able to unite different generations of one family. Do not complicate, it can be morning tea or coffee in the morning, a movie on Sunday, trips to nature or cooking dinner together - there are many options, the main thing is that such moments strengthen the unity of the family, give everyone the opportunity to feel like a part of it.

And the main thing - love... Without it, there is simply no way - this is the basis on which a great foundation is built. Without debate and arguments, we give her the first place in any list of values, including family values. Through her, we learn to endure, forgive, talk and be honest. Loving children, and our soul mate, we teach children to respect and love other people.

Family values for the modern family

First of all, it is the family itself and the ways of preserving it - this is what worries many of us. And marriage by itself ceases to become that important unit that it used to be. Now young people are more likely to live in a civil marriage and are in no hurry to stamp their passports, considering it a formality. I think that there is no point in arguing on this topic, because each of us has the right to his point of view and his understanding of family life.

An important change - career, materialism, etc. come first. each family considers it their duty to get on their feet, realize themselves, and only then have children, build a family. Is it correct? Probably, this is the topic of another article, but not this one. Just think, what will all this lead to? What's next for you?

It is important that the family is created consciously. Only then can you put into a small miracle such important concepts as love, freedom, faith, conscience and responsibility - this is an impossible task outside the family and outside of love. A sense of patriotism, responsibility, compassion for loved ones, respect, and the ability to communicate with other people are laid in the family.

In a family, conflicts and omissions can arise, but you need to learn how to solve them, without fanning small everyday problems to the size of a catastrophe. Remember to show your love, your gratitude to your family member through gestures, actions, and words. And don't forget to make time for your loved ones.

Introduction. 3

The concept of family moral values. 4

The role of family values. 7

Traditional family values. eleven

Modern family values. 12

Raising family values. 13

Conclusion. 15

References .. 16

Introduction

Moral values are one of the fundamental reasons underlying the normative regulation of human actions. This concept encompasses all spheres and areas of human life: moral views, principles, current guidelines, feelings. Morality regulates the actions and deeds of people, distinguishes between good and evil, separates honor from shame, conscience from its absence. Moral values include the concepts of justice / injustice, ruthlessness, mercy, etc.

Without a single morality, a conflict-free life in society is impossible, because only such norms are able to regulate the actions of a person or an entire country.

Values affect a person's will. The point is not that any individual is free to accept or not accept them at his own discretion. The point is not that moral values can be profitable or unprofitable. Adherence to accepted ethical standards is a person's duty. Shameless behavior, evasion of duty is regarded as a loss of morality, leads to condemnation by society, reproaches of one's conscience.

The concept of family moral values

The most important institution created by culture to regulate relations between the sexes is a family. It is in it that a person receives the first experience of love, and his own ability to love essentially depends on how rich and fruitful he will be.

In a family environment, a person's idea of the relationship between a man and a woman, fathers and children, about social ideals, about the norms of good and evil is formed. The family is based on kinship ties, but family relationships have economic, social, legal, and spiritual aspects.

The family as a social group has existed since ancient times. World culture has created three main forms of the family, the functions of which cover almost the entire spectrum of human needs and interests. These three forms are monogamy, polygamy, and polyandry.

The most common form is monogamy(monogamy). For European morality based on Christianity, this form of family is most conducive to equality, justice and love relationships between the sexes.

In the countries of Islamic civilization, as well as in most aboriginal primitive cultures, polygamy(polygamy). With this form of family, there are practically no single women, but there can be no question of even relative equality between a man and a woman, and love between spouses becomes asymmetrical.

Polyandry(polyandry) exists in an extremely small number of cultures (for example, in the Tibetan kingdom of Mustang) and is due to factors of the demographic and economic plan, first of all, the need to restrain population growth. In this system, most women are deprived, who are deprived of the opportunity to be loved, get married and have children.

Monogamy is morally preferable to other forms of family. It is more in line with human nature. However, not every two people, even sincerely and passionately in love, can form a morally full-fledged family, and this process itself requires lengthy, sometimes very difficult efforts for mutual harmonization.

The moral basis of the family is a specific range of values. Its core is formed by two people who unite due to the fact that for each of them the other seems to be the most valuable. The disintegration of the family occurs as a result of the destruction of this highly selective value relationship. Even if the spouses continue to live together, but have lost all value to each other, the family no longer exists, it continues to exist purely nominally, not fulfilling its main moral purpose.

A family needs a willingness to accept another person as he is, without trying to remake him in his own way; rejoice at his successes, support him in times of crisis. Resistance to inevitable shocks is acquired by a family where a clear distribution of responsibilities has developed, a decision-making mechanism has been developed taking into account the interests of all members. As a unit of society, the family incorporates all the mechanisms of moral regulation of behavior, but enhances their effect, since the connections in it are of a direct, intimate nature.

The crisis of the modern family, expressed in the growth of divorces and single people, a decrease in the birth rate and isolation of generations, reduces the moral security of a person and his level of satisfaction with life. The prospects for overcoming it are still rather illusory. The general stabilization of life, purposeful social policy, and the strengthening of spiritual foundations inspire cautious hopes.

The role of family values

Morality is formed in specific historical conditions and, accordingly, its very content changes depending on these conditions.

Family and family values are two concepts that cannot exist without each other. Family values lose their meaning if there is no family. And the family cannot exist without fundamental principles that can preserve its integrity and spiritual health. Family values are the attitude of a person to a person, saturated with love and care. A man and a woman, creating a union, bring each of their own into it, and all this together forms the foundation of family relations, create an atmosphere in which their children will be born and grow up.

What are the values of family life? So what are family values and why are they? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to consider the main ones in more detail. Examples of such values will help to show their importance individually and powerful strength in their totality. He, she and their children - how can they live happily if their relationship is not based on love? Love is such a deep and all-encompassing feeling that it simply cannot be accurately described in words. We can only understand that this is a strong attachment to another person, a desire to constantly be near him. E. Fromm designated love as a special kind of unity between people, which has ideal value in all the great humanistic religions and philosophical systems of the history of the West and the East. Love is the most powerful force in relationships imaginable.

People become close to each other when they feel a sense of support and care from their partner. Existing in society, a person is forced to constantly face difficulties and problems of various kinds, the most difficult stresses that come because of the collapse of any hopes and dreams in life. It is extremely difficult, almost impossible, to survive alone in this storm. A home with loved ones becomes a quiet haven where you can get help, support, care, rest and gain strength in order to live on and enjoy life.

No union is possible without respect and mutual understanding of its partners. Thus, the relationship between spouses and between parents and children reaches a high level of development only if each side understands the feelings, aspirations and interests of the other. At the same time, violent interference and intrusion into the personal space of a partner in order to break, subjugate another personality and "remake" it for themselves is unacceptable.

Honesty and sincerity are the key to the purity and transparency of relations between partners. This applies to both systems: husband - wife and parents - children. These qualities, at their maximum expression, give rise to another integral attribute of a happy home - trust. Trust cannot be bought for any money, it can be hard to earn and very easy to lose.

Such examples of values can be continued for a long time. The most important thing in them is their semantic load and strength, which can give a long and happy life to any union. In society, family values are usually divided into two types - traditional and modern. Oddly enough, they can often come into conflict with each other.

Traditional family values

When we talk about family values in the generally accepted understanding, we can easily operate with this concept and understand in general terms what it means. When traditional family values become the topic of conversation, then there are discussions and certain misunderstandings of each other. There are many definitions of this term, but all of them, as a rule, are bulky and indigestible. The simplest definition would be to characterize this form of values as the result of interaction at a long stage of time of society with its views with religious norms recognized in this society, aimed at preserving the institution of the family.

Traditional family values are constantly cultivated and implemented in the lives of spouses. It is them that their grandmothers are trying to instill in young people, you can hear about them on the TV screen, talk about them in church, etc. Faith, loyalty, love, marriage, respect, the sanctity of motherhood, procreation - this is far from complete, but the main list family values. The main semantic load that they carry is marriage, as the only correct form of joint life of a man and a woman, the purpose of which is, while maintaining faith and love for each other, the continuation of the family and the upbringing of children.

The problem in the perception of traditional family values in our time is the almost complete absence of any freedom of choice and change in personal life. So, for example, divorce is contrary to traditional canons, and in our time it is somehow difficult to agree with this, because situations are different and people.

Family values

Completed by: Evgeka Akhmedshin

Introduction

1 family values

2.The moral foundations of the family

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

More than once philosophers and sociologists have raised the question of the crisis of the institution of the family, and even predicted its disappearance in the future. The structure of the family as a small social group has changed: families have shrunk, many families have appeared that have formed after remarriage, single mothers. But marriage still has a high prestige, people don't want to live alone. The upbringing function of the family remains important, but a large role is assigned to the state and society: children are brought up in nurseries, kindergartens, schools, and the media also have a significant impact. The recreational function of the family is also important, i.e. mutual assistance, health maintenance, organization of rest and leisure. In the modern world with its high social rate, the family turns into an outlet where a person recovers his mental and physical strength. One of the main functions of the family, reproductive, does not change. function of procreation. Thus, nothing and no one can replace the functions of the family.

In our country, a lot of attention is paid to the family. “The family is under the protection of the state” 1. Modern marriage and family relations require that the husband and wife have a high level of moral, ethical and psychological and pedagogical culture of marriage. It is important to help the younger generation in the successful development of personal qualities, the ability to understand their own qualities and the qualities of other people. That is why the utmost attention must be paid to preparing the younger generation for family life. Such training contains the following aspects: general social, ethical, legal, psychological, pedagogical, aesthetic, economic and economic.

Family is a very important, responsible business of a person. The family brings fullness of life, happiness, but each family is, first of all, a big business of national importance 2. And the goal of our society is the happiness of people, and one of its most important components is a healthy, strong family, because it is she who raises and brings up the new generation. Consequently, the state should pay even more attention to caring for the family: increasing real incomes, social benefits and benefits, housing, etc.

So, family life requires from a person very different knowledge and skills, as well as skills that are formed in everyday life, starting from the parental family.

The family is a product of a social system; it changes with the change in this system. But despite this, divorce is an acute social problem.

1 family values

As a unit of society, the family reflects its ideological, political and moral foundations. Ideological values occupy the most important place among the spiritual values of the family.

The family is the most important school of morals, here a person takes the first steps along the path of moral and political formation of the individual. 3

The active social orientation of the activities of the father and mother is reflected in the lifestyle of the family. Such parents grow up ideologically convinced children.

2.The moral foundations of the family

Morality is formed in specific historical conditions and, accordingly, its very content changes depending on these conditions. 4

3.Status dispositions in the family.

The degree and quality of the manifestation of status dispositions in the family is measured using the following indicators:

1) the attitude of children to manifestations of parental power;

3) the trustfulness of the "parent-child" relationship - based on mutual evaluations;

4) the quality of parental control in relation to children (exactingness, categorization, consistency);

5) cohesion and hierarchy of relations between children in the family;

6) distribution of household responsibilities;

8) the intensity and quality of communication with representatives of the third generation (older parents): communication and support.

4. The system of rules of conduct in the family.

The effectiveness of the child's assimilation of parental upbringing efforts to transfer the system of rules of behavior in the family is measured by the following indicators:

1) the obligation to comply with the established order in the family. Empirical indicators in this case may be: the obligation to return family members home no later than a certain time, notification in case of an unforeseen delay; the immutable fulfillment by family members of their household duties, etc. The qualitative level of this indicator is measured by the rating scale method: “high commitment - rather high - when as - rather low - very low”;

2) tolerance to manifestations of deviant behavior both within the family and outside it. An indicator can be the level of intolerance in the family towards manifestations of alcoholism, drug addiction, hooliganism, violence, nationalism, terrorism, etc. A similar rating scale is used to measure the level of tolerance;

3) the sequence of educational actions on the part of the parents. The empirical indicators of this educational ideology of the family are as follows: the correspondence of words and deeds in the actions of parents; lack of double morality in the family; an adequate reaction of parents to the behavior of children, etc. The rating scale includes the following items: "high consistency - more often consistent - when how - occasionally show consistency - usually not consistent";

4) presentation of requirements to children, taking into account their age characteristics and capabilities. Empirical indicators of this indicator are based on taking into account the factors of the physical and mental health of children, the level of their social and legal preparedness, etc. The rating scale provides for the following qualitative characteristics: "they always take into account - more often they take into account - when, as, according to circumstances - more often do not take into account - usually do not take into account".

Tutoring

Examples of family values

Family values ​​for the modern family

Family values for the modern family