Crocheting a hat, as a rule, starts from the bottom. The main thing is to tie the bottom correctly: the right size and ideal shape. KNITTING A CIRCLE WITH SINGLE CROPS FOR THE BOTTOM OF THE HAT (BERET) The bottom of the cap with a crochet, if not specified, must be knitted for both walls of the loop without closing the row with a connecting column, that is, in a spiral. A circle connected with single crochets consists of 6 wedges, i.e. in each circular row you need to make 6 increases. The number of columns in each wedge of the new row is increased by 1. The increments are not located one above the other, but with an offset so that there are no protrusions in the place of the increments and the circle has an ideal shape. See diagram. Scheme of the wedge + RLS * increase ++++++++++++++++*++ 18th row +++++++++++++++** 17th row *++++++ ++++++++ 16 row +***++++++++++++ 15 row ++++++++++++++ 14 row +++++++++++ +++ 13 row ++++*++++++ 12 row +++++*++++ 11 row ++++++*++ 10 row +++++++* 9 row *++++++ 8 row + *++++ 7 row +++++ 6 row +++* 5 row *++ 4 row +* 3 row * 2 row First you need to master the execution of a sliding ( self-tightening) hinges, videos can be found on the Internet. 1 CIRCULAR ROW: Work 6 sc in a slip stitch (magic ring). Continue knitting in a spiral. 2 CIRCULAR SERIES: knit 2 sc in each sc of the previous row. Mark the beginning of each circular row with a contrasting thread, to do this, tie a thread of a contrasting color to the tail of the main thread from the wrong side and pull it to the beginning of a new row on the front side. Or use a purchased marker. Continue knitting a circle with six increases in each circular row according to the scheme. Ordinal description: *** increase - knit 2 sbn in sbn of the previous row *** 1st row: tie 6 sbn into a ring (tightening loop) 2nd row: tie 2 sbn in each sbn of the previous row - 12bn 3rd row: (increase on 1st sb wedge, sb) - repeat 6 times - 18 sb. 4 row: (2 sbn, increase on the 3rd sbn wedge) repeat 6 times - 24 sbn 5 row: (increase on the 1st sbn wedge, 3 sbn) repeat 6 times - 30 sbn. 6th row: (2 sbn, increase on the 3rd sbn wedge, 2 sbn) 6 times - 36 sbn. 7th row: (4 sbn, increase on the 5th sbn of the wedge, sbn) 6 times - 42 sbn 8th row: (6 sbn, increase on the 7th sbn of the wedge) 6 times - 48 sbn. 9 row: (increase on the 1st sb wedge, 7 sb) 6 times - 54 sb. 10th row: (2 sbn, increase on the 3rd sbn wedge, 6 sbn) 6 times - 60 sbn. 11th row: (4 sbn, increase on the 5th sbn wedge, 5 sbn) 6 times - 66 sbn. 12th row: (6 sbn, increase on the 7th sbn wedge, 4 sbn) 6 times - 72 sbn. 13th row: (8 sbn, increase on the 9th sbn wedge, 3 sbn) 6 times - 78 sbn. 14th row: (10 sbn, increase on the 11th sbn wedge, 2 sbn) 6 times - 84 sbn. 15th row: (12 sbn, increase on the 13th sbn wedge, sbn) 6 times - 90 sbn. 16th row: (14 sbn, increase on the 15th sbn wedge) 6 times - 96 sbn. 17 row: (increase on the 1st sb wedge, 15 sb) 6 times - 102 sb. 18 row: (2 sbn, increase on the 3rd sbn wedge, 14 sbn) 6 times - 108 sbn. 19th row: (4 sbn, increase on the 5th sbn wedge, 13 sbn) 6 times - 114 sbn. 20 row: (6 sbn, increase on the 7th sbn wedge, 12 sbn) 6 times - 120 sbn. 21 row: (8 sbn, increase on the 9th sbn wedge, 11 sbn) 6 times - 126 sbn. 22nd row: (10 sbn, increase on the 11th sbn wedge, 10 sbn) 6 times - 132 sbn. And so on until the desired circle diameter is reached.

Such a hat can not only be used for a photo shoot, it is quite comfortable in everyday wear. You can knit it from any yarn. Whether it is wool, wool mixture, cotton with acrylic, thick cotton without additives. To do this, you will need yarn directly and a hook suitable for it, a little crochet skill and a little free time.
This hat and others like it begin to knit from the crown. In order to tie the bottom correctly, we need an idea of ​​​​the rules of a flat circle, and the following diagrams will help us with this.

Here are the schemes for all options for knitting the bottom. Just print them out for yourself or save them to your computer and use them again and again.
Today we need schemes for making increments in a circle with double crochets (CH). Personally, I use the second way to make increments.
We start by making a ring of 6 air loops, if you don’t want a hole, you can use a tightening amigurumi ring. Each row begins with lifting loops. And we knit focusing on the scheme.
How to understand that the bottom has reached the desired diameter? To do this, the girth of the head must be divided by 3.14 and subtract 1-2 cm (if you knit a tight hat, then subtract 1 cm, if the panama hat is loose knit that stretches well, then 2 cm).
For example, I need to knit a hat for a child with a head circumference of 50 cm.
50/3.14-1=about 14.9cm
It is this diameter of the bottom of the cap that I tediously knit.
Next, simply knit with double crochets to the desired depth.
To calculate where we need to tie the ears of the hat that will cover the ears of the child. We count the number of loops along the edge and divide the total number into 5 parts. They will be distributed in the following ratio. One part for the back of the head, two parts for the front of the cap and one for each ear. So you get a hat with the correct proportions and well covering the ears of the child.
We knit the ears at the cap with a gradual closing of the loops on each side.

Crocheting both summer and winter hats must be started from the top of the head, from the very first small circular row. The entire subsequent process will directly depend on the model of the cap that you want to knit. It is on how you start knitting the bottom that the appearance of the finished product will depend. If you are a beginner in this business, you will first have to master the technique of making two main types of hat tops - for a model that has a rounded shape and a flat bottom (skullcap, beret, hat). Remember that knitting any model of a headdress not only has its own characteristics, but also requires special skill, skills and patience!

How to tie the bottom of a hat without difficulty
Preparatory stage

Before you knit the bottom of the hats of any model, you need to think through everything to the smallest detail. For example, choose a model, color and yarn of a headdress (as a rule, a hat should be combined with some element of clothing or accessory) and be sure to make preliminary calculations for the knitting process.

By the way, it would be appropriate to say a few words about yarn: the yarn must certainly match the knitting and style. Remember that the pattern will look more effective if you choose bulky and thick yarn. Under this yarn, you should pick up a hook or knitting needles.

After that, before tying the headdress, take measurements and make a pattern. You definitely need to know the volume of the head and how many centimeters from the crown of the cap to the top of the head

In order for the hat not to fit snugly to the head, you need to add 1-2 cm. Particular attention should be paid to the crown. After the required calculations for the pattern, you can safely proceed to knitting, in which, first of all, we knit the bottom.

The ideal, of course, is the way of constant fitting in the process of knitting. Well, if this is not possible, what to do?

Hat bottom: divide the head circumference/girth by Pi (3.14) and get the diameter of the hat bottom. If the pattern is stretched, then we calculate the diameter of the bottom as follows: divide the circumference / girth of the head by the Pi number (3.14) and subtract 1.5-2 cm. Practical advice: if we crochet, starting from the crown, then before reaching the diameter of the cap we need, we alternate the last two rows with increments with rows without increments, for example, a hat with earflaps

Hat height: dividing the circumference/girth of the head by 3 plus 3 cm and get a hat with a height covering the ears. Practical advice: for a cap without ears, knit the last 3-4 rows with crochet / knitting needles one number less than the number of hook / needles used when knitting the main part of the hat, so that it fits snugly on the head and does not slip, or knit these 3-4 rows a little tighter.

The circumference of the child's head, if it is not possible to try on, can be approximately determined from the table:

Length of the product

The circumference of the head should simply be divided by three. If we have a skullcap that barely reaches our ears, we don’t make any additions at all. If the hat is up to the middle of the ear, add 1.5-2 cm, if the ears need to be closed completely, then the increase will be 3 cm.

Experience has shown that the calculation was correct.

What height should the hat be knitted before the reductions begin, how long should the reductions take? Or if you knit from the top of your head - what diameter should the bottom be, so that then you end up with the desired volume of the cap?

So, in order to calculate the knitting of a children's hat, it is necessary to determine three quantities.

1. Measure the circumference at the widest point of the head. Then subtract about 4-6.5 cm, depending on how tight the hat should fit and how much the pattern that the hat will knit with stretches. This will be measure A.
2. Measure the length from the crown of the head to the forehead (just above the eyebrows) - measurement B.
3. Using a calculator, divide measure A by 3.142. Measure B will be obtained, which determines the diameter of the bottom of the cap, necessary to obtain a given volume.

Sometimes, for example, to crochet a round bag or the bottom of a hat, we need to knit a circle. How to tie an even circle without assemblies and shuttlecocks? Very simple! There are patterns for knitting a circle with columns, half-columns and double crochets, and the number of additions is already clearly calculated in them, so the circle will turn out the way you need it.

Knitting a flat circle.

1. Circle with single crochets.

If the circle is knitted with single crochets, then knitting begins with three air loops. Then, in the last loop from the hook, 6 single crochets are knitted. Next, knit in a circle in a spiral with the addition of 6 columns in each row.


2. Circle with half columns.

Knitting begins with 4 air loops, which are closed in a circle with a half-column. They make 2 lifting air loops and knit another 7 strong columns inside the ring of air loops. They close the row with a half-column and again make lifting loops. Then they knit, adding 8 strong columns in each row.


3. Circle with double crochets.

Knitting starts with 5 air loops, close them in a circle with a half-column. They make 3 lifting air loops and knit another 11 columns into a ring, with lifting loops it turns out 12. Close the row with a half-column and again make lifting loops. Then they knit, adding 12 double crochets in each row.


Ways to make additions.

Knitting can be mentally divided into wedges according to the number of columns of the first row. For single crochets, this is 6 wedges, for strong columns - 8, and for double crochets - 12 wedges. Increases are performed in several ways, which give a variety of bottom shapes.

1. We always perform the increase on the last column of the wedge and we get symmetrical wedges with a noticeable increase line between them.
2. We perform the increase on the first column of the wedge - symmetrical wedges are also obtained, which are slightly rounded to the right, also with a noticeable increase line.
In the first and second cases, a visible angle will form and a polygon will be obtained instead of a circle. However, this gives the cap additional possibilities.
3. Increases are performed in each wedge so that they are not located one above the other. The easiest way to shift increases is to knit 2 columns in a loop immediately after the increase in the previous row. In this case, a flat circle with no visible corners is obtained.

Usually, knitting a classic-shaped hat consists of two parts: knitting the bottom for the top of the head and directly knitting the hat itself along the circumference of the head.
There are usually no problems with the last part: it is enough just to determine the required number of loops according to the pattern.

It is much more difficult to understand what height the hat should be knitted before the decrease begins, how long to do the decrease? Or if knitting from the crown - what diameter should the bottom be, so that then you end up with the desired volume of the cap?

It turns out that just two measurements and one division operation are enough to find the answer to these questions!

So, in order to produce baby hat knitting calculation , three quantities must be determined.

1. Measure the circumference at the widest point of the head. Then subtract about 4-6.5 cm, depending on how tight the hat should fit and how much the pattern with which the hat will be knitted stretches. This will be measure A.
2. Measure the length from the crown of the head to the forehead (just above the eyebrows) - measurement B.
3. Using a calculator, divide measure A by 3.142. Measure B will be obtained, which determines the diameter of the bottom of the cap, necessary to obtain a given volume.

That's how the number Pi came in handy for knitting! Indeed, everything ingenious is simple!

However, this calculation is suitable not only for children, but also for adults.

However, it is not always possible to take measurements. In this case, approximate data by age come to the rescue.

Age	Cap height	bottom diameter
0 - 3 months	13 cm	9 cm
0 - 6 months	14 cm	10 cm
6 - 18 months	15.5 cm	12 cm
18 months - 3 years	18 cm	13.5 cm
26 years	19 cm	14.5 cm
38 years	19.5 cm	15.5 cm
8 – 16 years old	21.5 cm	16.5 cm
16 years old - small adult	22 cm	17 cm
average adult	23 cm	18 cm

We calculate the diameter of the bottom

Everything is very simple. To determine the diameter of the bottom, we need to remember the math. Divide the circumference of the head (circumference) by the number Pi (3.14) and subtract 1-1.5 cm. This will be the required diameter of the circle of our cap, after which we stop making increments and knit vertically. But in order for the cap to fit better on the head, many craftsmen recommend alternating the last two rows necessary to achieve the desired diameter with rows without increments. For instance. We knit the product with double crochets. One row is about 1 cm. That is, for each row our product adds 2 cm. The diameter we need is 13 cm. When the diameter of the circle reaches 9 cm, we begin to alternate rows: we knit 1 without increments, 1 with increments, then again without increments and again with additions. After that, we begin to knit straight to the desired length. Well, since the conversation turned to the length, let's try to calculate it.

Length of the product.

In this case, we will do without complex numbers. Mathematics for the third grade. Head girth n just divide by three. If we have a skullcap that barely reaches our ears, we don’t make any additions at all. If the hat is up to the middle of the ear, we add 1.5-2 cm, if the ears need to be closed completely, then the increase will be 3 cm. Such practical mathematics. Experience has shown that the calculation was correct. At least my customers were happy. Hope the advice helps you too. Good luck warming up for winter!

Has it ever happened to you: you knit a hat strictly according to the description, from exactly the same yarn, and the hat is either large or small? You have to loosen and bandage. To prevent this from happening again, I suggest that you learn how to calculate the number of loops for a round-shaped hat exactly for your knitting density, your pattern, and according to your measurements. The calculation can be used for knitting hats for both adults and children, knitting and crocheting.

To calculate the loops, you need to take only three measurements.

We measure the circumference of the head along the line above the eyebrows and along the most convex part of the head at the back. From the resulting number, subtract 2-3 cm for stretching.

Next, make a calculation of loops for an elastic band - knit a sample of the desired elastic band and calculate the number of loops per head circumference. The sample should be measured slightly stretched. An elastic band should be knitted 2-3 cm, and then go to the main pattern.

For the main pattern, you also need to calculate the loops, for which a sample pattern is knitted and the required number of loops is calculated. From the obtained number of loops of the main pattern, you need to subtract the number of elastic loops, the resulting number of loops must be evenly distributed along the length of the entire elastic band for increases in the first row, knitting two from one loop through an equal number of loops.

The bottom of the hat.

Hat Bottom: Divide the head circumference by 3.14 to get the diameter of the hat bottom. The cap radius is equal to half of the value obtained. Knowing the radius of the cap, we can calculate the reduction to zero. On the knitted sample, we measure the radius of the cap and count the number of rows. For this number of rows, we need to reduce almost all loops to zero. We divide the number of loops by rows and get the number of loops that need to be reduced in each row. It is better to decrease twice the number of loops in a row (or even decrease after 3-4 rows), so the bottom will turn out to be more rounded. The remaining loops on the knitting needles after reductions need to be pulled with a thread in a circle.

Another option for knitting the bottom is to decrease the loops of the bottom of the cap with even wedges, or in a spiral. In this case, the number of bottom loops is divided into several parts (wedges). Bottom decreases by the number of loops in a row are calculated similarly. For even wedges of the bottom of the cap, the last loop of the wedge and the first loop of the next wedge are knitted together. For spiral wedges, work two loops together at the end of each wedge.

Hat height.

We start knitting the height of the hat with the main pattern. To do this, we take two measurements: from the earlobe through the top of the head to the second earlobe, and the second measurement from the neck to the forehead (to the point of the forehead where the cap will end). We choose the largest measure for calculations and divide it in half. From the number of centimeters obtained, it is necessary to subtract the radius of the bottom of the cap, we get the height of the cap in centimeters, which we will knit before the start of the descent (knitting the bottom of the cap).

An example of calculating loops for knitting a hat:

Head circumference 48 cm - 3 cm stretched = 45 cm.

In the sample of the main pattern, we calculate the number of loops in 10 cm, I have 25 loops.

So on the hat you need to dial 45cm * 25p / 10 = 112 loops.

You can slightly adjust the total number of loops depending on the pattern repeat. Similarly, we calculate the number of loops on the elastic band.

Calculate the bottom: head circumference 45 cm / 3.14 = 14 cm - this is the diameter, divide by 2, we get the radius of the bottom equal to 7 cm.

From earlobe to other earlobe across the top of the head 37 cm.

From neck to forehead 35 cm.

In the linked sample, we calculate how many rows of 7 cm (radius of the bottom) - I have 17 rows.

112 sts / 17 rows = 6 sts decrease on each row when knitting the bottom, or 12 sts on every other row.

Pull off the remaining 10 loops with a thread in the last row.

According to this calculation of the loops, a hat was knitted for spring-autumn for a child 3-4 years old: