Dow love of work using folklore. Introduction of children of primary preschool age to Russian folklore. Children's folklore is a synthesis of poetic folk word and movement

01.07.2020

Karpushina Olesya Alexandrovna
educator
Municipal preschool educational institution
Volokonovsky kindergarten of combined type No. 1 "Birch"
Volokolnovka village

In modern Russia, attention has significantly increased to national and cultural traditions, the preservation and development of folk culture, as the basis for the spiritual and moral revival of society.

The term “folklore” was introduced in 1846 by the English researcher William Thoms, translated from English “Folk-lore” is “folk wisdom” or “folk knowledge”.

The main distinctive features of folk art are the oral way of transmitting information, verbality, collectivity, deep tradition, lack of a stable form, the only correct option. Zhirov M.S. distinguishes the following types of folklore:

1) musical folklore (song, instrumental, choreographic);

2) oral poetry (fairy tales, legends, were, riddles, proverbs, sayings, dramas, tongue twisters, signs, games, etc.).

Folklore works are based on the oldest human ideas about the world around them, they reflect the experience of millennia, and are one of the most valuable sources of knowledge of its history.

Folklore is the basis for the formation of a sense of respect and worship in children for the moral foundations of our ancestors, nature, and the universe. Children's works of Russian folk art (lullabies, little dogs, nursery rhymes, jokes, round dance, dance, fables) express the philosophical, ethical views of the people, their moral potential, universal human ideas.

Lullabies have a monotonous soothing rhythm, they soothe and educate, lull and caress. E. A. Mishchenko notes that the texts of lullabies of the Belgorod region cover a diverse range of images, characters, phenomena associated with different spheres of human life - nature ("cat", top, "doves", "ghouls", "zainki"); family; community; the sphere of work and ordinary life, giving the little person the first knowledge about the world around him.

The well-known lullaby "Bayushki, bayu, not lying on the edge" in the Belgorod region is sung in different ways both in relation to the melody and in relation to the text. However, the main idea of this lullaby is always a kind of teaching "about the edge", which is felt by the baby as a border, the crossing of which threatens to fall. Also, the texts of lullabies contain a kind of information about the existence of a warm house, inside which there is a cradle with a baby, and a dangerous outside world - a dark forest, where for the time being the child does not need to go. These two worlds are also separated by a border that cannot be crossed by a child.

Our distant ancestors had "pestushki" - ways of developing a child with the help of a kind of game, when the mother performed movements "for the baby", playing with his arms, legs, accompanying the movements with an unpretentious song. The mother caressed the awakened baby, stroked it with massage movements and gently sang: "I pull the canvases, sip, put them in a box." This caused positive emotions in the child, the desire to repeat movements that he could not yet perform on his own. Therefore, with the help of little dogs, they have long developed the child in the game, amused, soothed, distracted, using gentle words, epithets, comparisons.

When the baby grew up, adults began to use nursery rhymes - songs-sentences, accompanied by playing with fingers, pens, head, legs, therefore, assuming independent play actions of the child, correlated with the content of the nursery rhyme. For example, the nursery rhyme about the Magpie-crow taught the child the concept of quantity (a little, a lot), expanded ideas about cooking, condemning laziness (who did not work, he is punished).

Children of middle preschool age have a number of psychological characteristics (features of communication with peers, adults, features of the emotional and cognitive sphere), which make this age sensitive for the perception of folklore and its use in activities. Since the main activity of a preschooler is play, folklore activities with preschoolers should have a playful character.

In the fifth year of life, children begin to actively manifest the desire to communicate with peers (the reason for which is most often joint games and toys). This feature allows the widespread use of collective games and round dance, and mobile, and fun, contributing to the development of social intelligence. Since at this age there is an increased need for recognition and respect on the part of peers, competition between children begins to arise, the teacher can offer children competitive games, the basis of which is the desire for competition and rivalry.

In the course of communication with adults, children of middle preschool age perceive adults as an authoritative source of information, show interest in cognitive communication with adults. Therefore, children are happy to listen to fairy tales, epics, and guess riddles. Moral lessons about the norms and values accepted in society, the importance of respectful attitude to the traditions of society, self-regulation of one's own actions, a benevolent attitude towards others, safe behavior in everyday life, society, nature, taken from folklore works, will leave a mark in the child's soul. Since children of middle preschool age feel a great need for encouragement from an adult, the teacher can actively use proverbs, nursery rhymes when communicating with children, when a child needs to be praised, noticed his zeal or simply emotionally supported.

The feelings of children of middle preschool age become deeper, which means that it is possible to offer children activities aimed at developing emotional intelligence (folk holidays, games, fun, folk songs). Children begin to develop such moral feelings as sensitivity, kindness, a sense of friendship, empathy, it is these feelings that allow children to emotionally engage in games with singing and dancing (round dance), imbued with the content of calendar folklore, understand the importance and significance of the activities that it says ...

An important feature of the cognitive sphere of children of middle preschool age is the development of the ability to express their opinion, to draw conclusions. This feature should be based on when analyzing the content of folklore works from the point of view of morality, social acceptability of events. Children of this age can easily memorize poems and fairy tales. Therefore, the teacher can offer children to learn rhymes, songs, proverbs, rules of folklore games, actively use intellectual folklore games.

Thus, folklore acquaints us with the highest moral guidelines in life, laid down in lullabies, nursery rhymes, pestushki, jokes, fairy tales, chants, counting rhymes, teasers, games, etc. Folklore has an educational value, providing the simplest scheme of a picture of the world, teaching the rules behavior in society on the example of images of people, animals. The peculiarities of communication, the emotional and cognitive sphere of children of middle preschool age make it possible to use folklore for this.

Tatiana Polishchuk
Practical seminar "Children's play folklore" for parents of children of early and junior preschool age

Hello, today I will tell you and show you how to use Russian folk folklore in the daily life of the baby.

Small folklore genre - miniature poetry created for children and having a certain pedagogical orientation. Such works color the speech of an adult, making it figurative, colorful; attract attention children, liven up your daily routine. Nursery rhymes bring joy, make the kid want to repeat the words after the adult, complete the task, and participate in the game. To the text of the nursery rhymes, children are happy to fall asleep, wash, have lunch, and do their usual things. Baby's life becomes brighter and more interesting. At the same time, the child develops memory, attention, thinking and speech. And if he performs certain movements, then he additionally develops coordination, dexterity, fine motor skills.

Children's folklore used in different forms activities:

In enriching the vocabulary, teaching coherent speech and correct pronunciation; - in the introduction children to Russian national culture; - in observing natural phenomena, animals; - in folk outdoor games; - in games for the development of fine motor skills; - in theatrical activities; - in dramatizations.

Folklore has several types, each of you has a memo (Appendix 1, let's talk in more detail about several of them.

Playing with little dogs with a doll "baby":

Just imagine: the child wakes up calmly, the mother comes up, hugs, kisses, strokes, condemns:

Potions, poses,

Along and across the fatty!

Handles are bloody (stroking the hands of the child)

Legs - walkers, (pat the legs)

In the mouth - talk, (touch the cheeks and corners of the mouth)

And in the head - a mind! (run your hand over your head).

And they raised their spirits, and did a light massage. And then gymnastics.

Legs are walkers, (an adult says,

Handles - work, bending, unbending,

Rotok talk, crossing alternately

The tooth is the ax of the child's hand and feet)

And then the baby goes to wash with you. And again surprise:

Water, water,

Wash my face

So that the eyes shine

So that the cheeks burn

So that the mouth laughs,

To bite a tooth.

Tell the baby to the baby. Speak again, showing yourself washing. Show where your eyes, mouth, cheeks are, Ask the baby where his face, eyes, mouth, cheeks, teeth are. You can play with your child by washing the doll. Encourage your toddler to speak the words with you. These simple games will help you acquire hygiene skills and get to know body parts.

These small works came to us from distant ancestors. After all, it seemed that they had no less to do, and they did not know how to read, but about how to educate children, everyone knew. The name of the pestushka comes from the Old Russian verb - to nurture, that is, to take care. Initially, they had the meaning of formulas - amulets. So, bathing the child, the mother sentenced:

The water is flowing

The child is quick-witted.

Duck water

With you thinness.

Water down.

And the child is up.

Later, these formulas lost their serious meaning and turned into a simple wish. Piggies help to establish contact with the child, evoke positive emotions in him

Who is our good one?

Who is good-looking?

Vanya is good,

Vanechka is handsome

Our baby in the house

That there are pancakes in honey

Red apple in the garden.

Affectionate nursery rhyme to calm down those who are crying or makes noise:

Don't cry, don't cry baby

A squirrel will gallop up to you

Will bring nuts

A nursery rhyme for you.

While eating, some children are often naughty, respectively, nervous. Such playful little dogs will help them calm down and calmly. eat:

Tili-hour, tili-hour, here we have lunch now,

We eat a spoon for mom, eat a spoon for dad,

For a dog and a cat, a sparrow knocks on the window,

Give me a spoon too. So dinner was over.

Go to sleep:

Ay, lyuli, lyuli, lyulenki,

Gulenki arrived,

Sat the ghouls on the bed

The ghouls began to coo

The ghouls began to coo, the children began to fall asleep.

Our ancestors also knew about the close connection between fine motor skills and the development of a baby's speech. The better developed the fingers, the earlier the child begins to speak, the better his speech will be developed. Here, in the life of a child, pestushki are replaced by nursery rhymes - songs accompanying the child's games with fingers, hands, legs. In such games, we perform various movement:

Self-massage.

Wiggling fingers.

Alternate bending of the fingers to the palm, first with the help and then without the help of the other hand.

Breeding the fingers and pinching them.

Fist clenching and unclenching.

Waving brushes - from top to bottom.

Waving brushes towards and away from you.

Rotation of brushes - "Flashlights".

Together with the movements we pronounce the words:

Boy - finger, where have you been?

I went to the forest with this brother,

I cooked cabbage soup with this brother,

I ate porridge with this brother,

I sang songs with this brother.

The well-known nursery rhyme about the magpie serves the same purpose. A simple nursery rhyme, but not really. First, a finger massage was done; second, the cooking sequence was explained (porridge does not just end up on the plate, it still needs to be cooked); thirdly, they informed the child the rule: who does not work shall not eat.

In the first years of life, more complex songs are also sung to children. These songs are not associated with any the game, but perfectly develop the child's sense of rhythm. These songs are called jokes. The name hides an Old Russian verb "Bayat"-speak, tell. Jokes resemble little fairy tales in verse. At the same time, they do not have to have rhyme, a rhythmic organization is enough.

Like our cat

The coat is very good!

Like a cat's mustache

Amazing beauty.

Bold eyes

The teeth are white.

This joke can be told in any way occasion: whether the child sees a cat walking along the street importantly, or are you looking at a toy or drawing, or are you painting a cat with the baby. In any case, your child will treat the cat in a completely different way. If the baby is already talking, ask who the joke is about, ask to describe the cat using words. Ask how the cat purrs and how it meows. Reverse intonation expressiveness "Mur-mur-mur"- lower tone, "Meow meow meow"- higher tone. Play a cat with your baby. Let him walk like a cat, show him what kind of fur coat, mustache, eyes, teeth he has.

In addition to nursery rhymes, jokes that develop fine motor skills of the hand children, you need to teach kids on the material folklore by playing a variety of expressive movements. For example, children are happy to show how awkwardly a bear walks, gently fox sneaks, etc. Children accompany their show with expressive pantomical movements, vivid facial expressions and gestures. So, when pronouncing, it is played out nursery rhyme:

I am a red fox

I'm a runner-up craftswoman,

I ran through the forest,

I was catching up with the bunny.

And into the hole - boo!

The child runs like a fox, admiring its tail, at the end sits down.

And this nursery rhyme will help teach a child to clean toys on a place:

Olenka knows this:

What you took - put it in place,

What is in the box, what is on the shelf,

We remove very cleverly.

One, two, three, four, five,

Now let's go for a walk.

You can teach your baby to clean toys from a year. But you need to know that you should do this gradually and in the game. The first time you do it together and condemn: “Poor doll. She is lying on the floor. The doll is cold. Let's put her in the crib. What a good mother Katya is! " Tell a nursery rhyme when to collect toys and go for a walk. Show how you can quickly remove everything by counting to five. You will keep a good mood for yourself and your baby. Don't forget to compliment him.

Calls and sentences.

While walking, observe everything that you see around, and pay the attention of the baby to it; tell, ask questions, talk. You will teach your child to be attentive, observant, inquisitive, inquisitive, bring up a humane attitude towards all living things.

The sun is a bucket!

Look at the log:

I'll give you honey

A whole deck.

Rain, rain, more.

Let's give you some thick

Let's give you a spoon

Bread a little.

At home, you can draw the sun or rain together, saying a familiar nursery rhyme.

People's folklore accompanies the life of the baby from the very first days of birth. The very first works folklore, with which the child gets to know, are lullabies. Lullabies, in the opinion of the people - a satellite childhood... They, along with other genres, contain a powerful force that allows you to develop speech. children and imaginative perception.

Oh, you kitty is a cat,

Kitty-gray tail!

Come, kitty, sleep

Download my baby

Lull.

And what kind of nursery rhymes, jokes do your children like more?

Parents share family experiences.

Early the period of a child's life largely depends on the adults raising the baby. I believe that the folk poetic word can and should enrich this environment. As a result of communication with folklore works of the child convey their mood and the senses: joy, anxiety, regret, tenderness. Children's folklore stimulates the child's creative manifestations, awakens imagination. Creativity enriches the personality, the child's life becomes more intense and meaningful. We have prepared reminders for you "Meaning folklore» (Appendix 2)

Thus, the targeted and systematic use of small forms folklore creates the necessary foundations for mastering different types of activities (modeling, drawing, construction, speech, physical and musical development). And also the children learned all the skills of self-care and hygiene much easier and with great pleasure.

Annex 1

Views folklore:

Pestushki - songs that accompany the child's care.

Nursery - games of an adult with a child (with his fingers, pens).

Calls - appeals to natural phenomena (to the sun, wind, rain, snow, rainbow, trees).

Sentences - appeals to insects, birds, animals.

Counting rhymes are short rhymes that serve to distribute roles fairly in games.

Tongue twisters and phrases - silently teaching children correct and clean speech.

Teasers are funny, playful, succinctly and aptly naming some funny aspects of a child's appearance, in the peculiarities of his behavior.

Jokes, jokes, shape-shifters - funny songs that amuse with their unusualness children.

Boring tales that have no end and which can be played over and over again.

Lullabies are songs that accompany the laying down of the child.

Appendix 2.

Meaning folklore

Develops fine motor skills;

Develops in children sense of rhythm, expressiveness of movements, creativity;

Enriches the feelings of kids, forms an attitude towards the world around them;

An adult easily establishes emotional contact with a child, favorably affects communication with a child at different times;

Develops interest and attention to the world around, the folk word and folk customs, knowledge about nature is enriched;

Brings up artistic taste;

Forms moral habits;

Helps to increase the child's vocabulary, make you want to repeat, remember, which in turn contributes to the development of spoken language;

Forms self-care and hygiene skills.

Plays an invaluable role in all-round development.

Folklore is essential in a child's life. He helps in communication between parents and children, from early age to school. This material tells how to apply folklore at different preschool ages for the development of children.

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Topic: "Folklore in the life of a child."

"Children's folklore is brought to life hardly exclusively by the non-pedagogical needs of the people." - wrote the prominent researcher and folklorist G.S. Vinogradov.

“It is known that the nation-teacher showed an amazing understanding of the mental development of the child. Manifesting in musical perception, love for rhythm, active assimilation of speech (humming, babbling), craving for movement. "

Children start reacting to songs very early. They evoke an emotional response in them in the form of a smile, concentration of gaze, listening, "a complex of revitalization."

Children's folklore is a complex, multifaceted system of works that includes:

- "poetry of singing of children" (lullabies, little dogs, nursery rhymes, jokes);

Children's household folklore (songs, calls, teasers, fairy tales,

ritual works, horror stories)

Amusing folklore (word games, tongue twisters, extravagances, riddles);

Game folklore (role-playing games with and without text, counting rhymes, improvisation games, etc.); Depending on the age of the child, you can use the entire folklore set.

It is necessary to start from infancy, using the "poetry of singing." If he babbled at the same time, he can shut up, peer into the face of his mother, stop moving, as if "freeze" for a moment, he can smile when he hears his own voice. He may not yet understand the words, but the musicality, imagery and rhythm of the songs already fascinates him. Human speech induces auditory concentration in very young children if it is emotionally colored. This makes the child need to communicate and even reproduce individual sounds. Scientists have put forward the song "psychological well-being" as a result of the rational organization of life and the upbringing of a 2-year-old child in a family. If an adult has mastered the methods of approaching a baby, allowing him to establish two-way contact with him, then the emotional life of a small child, his joy, grief, his psychophysical well-being will be satisfied. We all know very well how difficult it is for a child who first enrolled in kindergarten to adapt. One of the tasks of the adaptation period is to help the child to get comfortable in the new situation as quickly and painlessly as possible, to feel more confident.

To build a sense of confidence is necessary;

Acquaintance and rapprochement of children with each other;
Acquaintance with the teacher and the establishment of warm trusting relationships;
Acquaintance with the group, with the surrounding is organized with the help of games and nursery rhymes, but it is important that the child voluntarily takes part in the game, for an adult to participate, so that the games are repeated many times, so that there is visual material.

Games that are aimed at bringing children closer to each other: "Blow up the bubble", "Catch, catch" (children catch the end of the ribbon, which the teacher then raises, then lowers), "Who called."

For good adaptation, the first acquaintance with the teacher and children in a favorable environment saturated with positive emotions is important, which leads to a positive attitude of children to attend kindergarten.

It is advisable to arrange a "dating holiday", invite parents with children to the group, look at all the corners and toys, show "Petrushka" or another character who would "talk" to each of the children. Here you can use rhymed words, for example: "This is a puppet corner, he calls Tanechka to visit. "

To establish emotional contact with a child, it is very good to use nursery rhymes:

“Who is good with us,

Who is handsome with us,

Sasha is good

Sasha is handsome.

Walk down the path

Stomp Sasha with your foot. "

"Our Olya is little

She is wearing a scarlet fur coat.

Downy hat,

Olya black-browed ".

"In the garden, little garden

Raspberry has grown.

And in the bright little house

Marinka has grown up.

We loved her

They all dove her

That's the kind of girl

Chorus girl. "

In this case, you need to stroke the child on the head, look into his eyes, hug him, show him to other children, etc.

The child grows up and the poetry of folklore continues to delight him. Here it is necessary to make wider use of songs, nursery rhymes. Often, when washing their face, children are afraid of water, cry, so it is good to read the words of the nursery rhyme "Water, water, wash my face," "Pure water will wash Sasha's face, Anya's palms, Antoshka's fingers." Nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes for sleep, nursery rhymes after sleep, play nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes on the ecological theme, about love for the Motherland - all this material can be viewed in the magazine "Preschool Education" No. 12, 1998, p. 19.

For a child with developmental problems, adaptation to kindergarten is often difficult. A new large room, strangers, children, separation from mom can create a stressful situation that, without social organization, can lead to neurotic reactions, frequent illnesses, and even mental aggression. At this moment, it is important to take a toy, for example, a bibbo, go up to the child with it and read the nursery rhyme for the current moment, place it with the toy towards you. According to many experts, the most effective and sometimes the only method of corrective work with young children with developmental problems is play therapy. This is playing with nursery rhymes, songs, game situations. These classes can be conducted in a group form and individually, using game techniques: playing around with different toys, objects, drawings, sculpted items, applications, designs. For kids, playing with each toy is a must. Through folklore, the child understands the image of the cockerel, its appearance, actions (walking, looking for grains, raking the ground). At the same time, children according to the teacher's word or imitation in ml. the group does certain actions with the toy after the teacher. The content of play actions is invented by the teacher himself. Some children in the younger group are able to perform movements with imaginary objects. (they substitute their palm in the rain, hide in a house made of palms, open an umbrella, spreading their palms apart). The teacher, while playing around, encourages children to play, imagine, fantasize. " the bunny will jump and recite the nursery rhyme: “The bunny is jumping along the path, jumping-jumping; skok-skok. His legs are tired jump-jump. That's what a long path, even the bunny is tired of running. "

When playing the nursery rhyme "Vanya, Vanechka" ... a village, a forest, a tree stump, Vanya - a doll with a basket and mushrooms are attached to the flannelgraph. The nursery rhyme is read and the actions are shown, “Vanya, Vanya!

Where did you go?

Into the woods!

What have you seen?

Penechek

Under the stump, what?

Fungus!

Get it in the box! "

This nursery rhyme can then be played by roles: (for the author, the teacher, for Vanechka, the children). Also on the flannelgraph are played the nursery rhyme "Cucumber, cucumber", "Hen-Ryabushka" Children with developmental problems have a reduced level of verbal communication, even if they can speak, they often play in silence. It is important that all lessons on the development of speech are based on the principle of verbal communication of children with each other and with an adult, as well as with the characters that are used in the classroom, whether it be describing a picture, a toy, or playing around with songs and nursery rhymes. Children, with the help of a teacher, should conduct a small dialogue with the characters. For example: a teacher, by an indirect question, can induce a child to ask the character of the nursery rhyme for something, to induce him to draw a conclusion (ask the cockerel why he hid from the fox? " what is Vanya doing, what is Dunya doing? - from the "chiki - chikichikalochka" poeshka.

Thus, the child develops speech activity, improves the understanding of the addressed speech. If the children in the lesson become somewhat disinhibited, tired, you can just sing a calm song to them as a relaxing moment, for example: "Little gray cat", while calling them to you, stroking head, on the back, as if from the face of a kitty about which they just listened to a song. With small children, it is necessary to imitate different movements of "pouring crumbs", banging with the fingers of one hand on the palm of the other, "biting", beckoning to you with your hand ("come to us, to us")

Nursery rhymes are a prerequisite for understanding simple fairy tales, folk life, and form a good attitude towards the world around us. To better develop the child's vocabulary, it is necessary to repeat frequently encountered epithets from fairy tales and nursery rhymes, for example: "Petya-cockerel", "Wolf-teeth click", "Little fox - fox" and so on. If you correctly beat the nursery rhyme "Okay - okay, baked pancakes" with dressing up, with attributes, with the active participation of children, then they will get a lot of emotional pleasure, their movements are activated.

At an older age, children should be taught to see fables, to feel humor: "Vanya, Vanya, simplicity, bought a horse without a tail" ... To develop fine motor skills of the hand, chants and sentences ("the sun is the bottom"; “Spring is red.” Childhood years are very significant in a child’s life and fly by very quickly. Therefore, it is very important to fill the child’s world with kindness, wise instructions, musicality of Russian phrases. When working with children, especially with little ones, one should not forget about folklore.

Types and genres of folklore for preschoolers

Each nation is interesting because it has its own spirit, its own culture, its own character, its own traditions, its own identity. An important personal quality that should be developed and educated in our children is the national spirit.

There is one important personal quality that carries both a national and a universal human quality. It's a feeling of kindness. The feeling of kindness is the basis of the moral integrity of the individual. Kindness also has a national connotation, but it is universal.

A child's acquisition of a set of cultural values contributes to his spirituality - an integrated personality trait that manifests itself at the level of human relations, feelings, moral and patriotic positions, that is, ultimately determines the measure of his overall development.

Today, one of the most urgent tasks is to show the beauty of the Russian language through oral folk art, expressed in songs, nursery rhymes, jokes, pestushki, choruses, chants; formation of children's interest in children's folklore, enrichment of children's vocabulary.

Early and preschool childhood is the beginning of the knowledge of life, human relationships. This is the time of the beginning of the formation of the child as a person, the formation of his character. Adults - parents, grandmother, grandfather, and later an educator, should surround the baby with love, care, attention, affection, teach him to enjoy life, to treat his peers and adults well. Adults lead the child along the path of knowing the world in all its diversity and realizing oneself in this world, playing with the child, and later creating all the conditions for his independent play.

The word folklore is an English word composed of two words "folk" - people, "lor" - teaching. So, folklore is folk wisdom. Folklore has no author. This is a special art - folk songs, dances, legends and tales, rituals, beliefs, etc. People who once created them were passed on to others by word of mouth, so folklore has survived to this day without leaving the names of its creators. Folklore accompanies a person from birth, taking care of in childhood, right up to the transition into adolescence.

Children's folklore is a synthesis of poetic folk word and movement.

A child, like a sponge, absorbs the poetry of his native language, first listening, and later independently pronouncing folk texts rhythmically. So gradually children's folklore organically enters the daily life of the child.

Children's folklore gives us the opportunity to introduce him to folk poetry at the early stages of a child's life. Thanks to this, even long before acquaintance with fairy tales, epics and other major genres of Russian folklore on the material of children's folklore, children develop an inner readiness to perceive our origins - Russian folk culture.

Folklore captivates children with bright poetic images, evokes positive emotions in them, strengthens a bright, cheerful perception of life, helps to understand what is good and accessible, what is beautiful and what is ugly.

Folklore educates children in an aesthetic attitude to nature, to work, to all the surrounding reality, teaches them to see the beauty in human relations.

Tasks of children's folklore:

Fostering a sustainable interest and love for folk art;

Development of creative abilities of preschoolers;

Acquaintance of children with various forms of children's musical folklore.

Acquaintance of children with the traditions and images of the Russian people.

Mastering folk art through mastering the skills of choral folk singing, performing folk choreography.

Education of aesthetic feelings.

Through folklore, educational tasks can be solved.

The work on familiarization with folklore in kindergarten can be conditionally divided into several directions:

Listening to folk music, songs, including lullabies.

Acquaintance with musical games and round dances.

Acquaintance with folk musical instruments.

Acquaintance with the traditions and rituals of the Russian people.

Folk musical instruments, play songs, dance songs, ditties, round dances, elements of folk theater - become the basis of all ritual holidays.

Participation in rituals, games, round dances, new colorful paraphernalia, performances of buffoons, mummers gradually introduces to Russian national traditions, promotes the development of creative activity, reveals personality, leads to the very essence of folklore tradition - to improvisation, to creating an atmosphere in which children live everything is emotional and deep.

What is related to children's folklore?

Chastooshkas are songs that accompany childcare.

Nursery - games of an adult with a child (with his fingers, pens).

Calls - appeals to natural phenomena (to the sun, wind, rain, snow, rainbow, trees).

Sentences - appeals to insects, birds, animals

Counting rhymes are short rhymes that serve to distribute roles fairly in games.

Tongue twisters and phrases that quietly teach children correct and clean speech.

Teasers are funny, playful, succinctly and aptly naming some funny aspects of the child's appearance, in the peculiarities of his behavior.

Jokes, jokes, shape-shifters are funny songs that amuse children with their unusualness.

Boring tales that have no end and which can be played over and over again.

Folk games, which are often based on the simplest songs.

Music is an important, integral part of the life of every person and it is not only the language spoken by the human soul, it is the source of the spiritual development of the child.

Music at preschool age should become a means of communication between an adult and a child, and not a subject of separate learning, study or contemplation in a special situation of musical activity, separate from life.

Types of children's musical folklore for a preschooler:

Nursery rhymes and pestushki are small verse-verses that accompany any activities with the child or the actions of the child himself: stretching from sleep, dressing, etc. Pestushki accompany the game with the child, when an adult performs movements "for him", playing with his pens and legs. Nursery rhymes are designed for the activity of the child himself, when he performs independently play movements and correlates them with the content of the nursery rhyme song.

The main thing that a pestle gives is to establish contact between adults and a child. From birth, a strong spiritual and emotional bond is established.

The child already knows how to speak. But not all sounds are produced yet. Here tongue twisters come to the rescue. A tongue twister is a small poem in which the words are specially selected so that they are difficult to pronounce.

From the trampling of hooves, dust flies across the field.

Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass.

In children's incantations, the memory of the prayer appeals of our forefathers has been preserved.

Calls are songs in which the guys turn to the forces of nature with some kind of request. The serious, economic basis of spells was forgotten, there was only fun.

Sunshine, sunshine!

Look out the window

Your kids eat sweets there!

A sentence is a short poem that children sing in tune on different occasions, for example, referring to living creatures - to a snail, a ladybug, to birds, and pets.

Snail, snail

Cast out your horns

I'll give you a piece of pie for tea.

Readers can also help you develop correct speech. It's a fun, mischievous genre. If during the game you need to choose a driver, use rhymes.

Cockerel, cockerel!

Show your comb.

The scallop is on fire.

Come on, Misha, get out!

Games play a special role in the development of a child. They not only develop physically, but teach children to communicate with each other.

Folk songs

Older preschool children can already be introduced to Russian folk songs.

Songs are the most massive and popular genre of folklore. They are sung by all the people, young and old. Truly, the song is the soul of the people. The eternal national aspirations for goodness and beauty found in her a deeply emotional and highly artistic expression. Songs spiritually unite people, educate whole generations in the spirit of folk moral and aesthetic ideals. Thanks to its exceptional sincerity and sincerity, folk songwriting has the most direct and deep impact on the emotional world of children.

Over the centuries, the people have developed special songs for children: lullabies, play songs, dance songs, etc. The pedagogical instinct told their nameless creators what children need, what can interest them, please them.

For a long time, people have attached great educational value to their songwriting. The songs not only entertain, but also enrich with new impressions, give them vivid images of the surrounding reality, teach them to rejoice in goodness, sympathize with other people's misfortunes, and foster a sensitive attitude towards all living things.

The figurative and poetic thinking of the people is close to children and corresponds to their ideas about the life of nature and man. Therefore, the children are interested in and accessible to many folk songs that were not created especially for them.

The emotional richness of the song vocabulary, the abundance of affectionate and diminutive words, constant epithets, the sincerity of the tone, the melodiousness make the children want to speak fluently, beautifully, and develop a sense of rhythm.

Singing folk songs acquaints children with the national traditions of the people, with its singing past. Their systematic performance contributes to aesthetic education, develops artistic taste in children, awakens a feeling of love for their native land, familiar from childhood nature.

The folk song enriches the speech of children, improves diction and articulation, favorably affects the expressiveness of speech, and evokes positive emotions. Folk music, the song is understandable, close to our children. There is so much affection, kindness, admiration, beauty, grace, significance in her. And the lyrics are simple. An increase in interest in their national culture fosters patriotic feelings in children, love for everything that is native to them: for the Motherland, for art, and a sense of national pride grows.

Folk games

Most of the games are based on folk texts. They are especially convenient for singing expressive pronunciation (intonation). The melodic and rhythmic beginning allows you to move along the content of the text at the desired rhythm and tempo. At the same time, motor skills are improved in children: jumping, spring and fractional stomping step, gallop, stride with high leg lifts, light rapid running. Games provide an opportunity to make the process of raising children interesting and joyful.

The main feature of the game is its amateur character, it is here, as nowhere else, that the child's creative potential is revealed and realized.

The most favorite games for children are those where you need to catch each other. A child in such games must show quickness of movement, dexterity, intelligence ("Cat and Sparrows", "Fox-Fox", "Sun", etc.). I will freeze ", in which children take various poses and do not move for some moments). There are games that require children to be creative, imagination, and at the same time good coordination of movements. The text of any game can be specially used to develop a child's rhythm. It can be easily reproduced in claps.

Calendar Holidays

Russian calendar holidays are a unique opportunity for children to immerse themselves in the world of the same folk songs, dances, rituals every year. Holidays help preschoolers easily master a large repertoire of folk songs, and thanks to this, the quality of their performance improves from year to year, which means that children get great pleasure from meeting wonderful original folk art. Autumn holidays - a harvest festival, a holiday of bread, vegetables, fruits, nuts. It's good when Autumn herself (maybe a doll) brings these delicious things and gives the children a try. And all her songs will sing and dance.

Winter holidays. Christmastide. Carols. Pancake week. Shouting calls to the sun and the birds, and drive away the winter. Ritual food - pancakes, inclusion in the general action, it is especially important for young children.

Playing Russian folk musical instruments

It is necessary to start teaching playing folk musical instruments as early as possible.

In folk pedagogy, sounding toys such as whistles, buzzers, and rattles were used as the first musical instruments for children.

In addition, there were a number of so-called "one day" instruments - whistling from acacias and dandelions, pipes from reeds, straw, birch bark, which children made themselves.

Older children mastered playing the balalaika, harp, flute horn, accordion. Household items, such as a scythe, a washboard, a grip, a stove damper, a samovar pipe, and a hairbrush, were also successfully used as musical instruments.

The society is interested in preserving and passing on spiritual values to future generations, including musical culture. Children should develop through the knowledge of cultural heritage, be brought up so as to be able to multiply it.

Folklore is precisely that, accessible to all, variable, improvisational form of expressing one's worldview, combining collective and individual principles.

At present, many children know little about folk songs and are not very familiar with Russian folklore. This problem is very important because children must know the culture of their homeland and everything that is directly related to it.

Practical material (songs, games, dances) for preschool children is selected in accordance with the national calendar.

Performance and children's creativity in musical and folklore activity turns into a single creative process with its integral part - folklore improvisation, including, in addition to searching in the field of game and dance movements, first of all, the creation of options for performing a melody and playing folk instruments available to children. This is a practical stage in the development of folk culture.

Musical folklore is a syncretic phenomenon. Music, word and movement are inextricably linked in it. In the combination of these elements, there is a great power of pedagogical influence, which allows a comprehensive approach to the problem of the complex development of various types of arts by a child.

Introducing children of primary preschool age to Russian folklore through productive activities

By introducing a child from early childhood to the origins of folk culture and social values, we help to lay the foundation of morality and patriotism in him through folklore, form the foundations of self-awareness and individuality. And if you add productive activity, then the result will be much higher. Correctly says the old saying "Everything new is well forgotten old"

Relevance:

Memorizing nursery rhymes, chants, songs, poems, which is an important point in the moral and spiritual development of a person in all its manifestations, I also use productive activities in practice (drawing, application, modeling, construction, etc.). The development of productive activity in memorizing nursery rhymes is associated with a better development of perception, speech, thinking, imagination, i.e., with all the mental abilities of the child.

the main goal

in this direction: the formation of positive emotions in children of primary preschool age, a positive attitude and interest in the world around them through familiarization with the artistic word through productive work.
The development of the productive activity of children is determined by the child's ability to achieve the desired result, both according to a given model, and when creating and consistently implementing his own plan, while memorizing the words of nursery rhymes, cries, poems!
Small children are attracted not so much by the result as by the process of activity itself, however, under the influence of education and upbringing, a focus is gradually formed on obtaining a result in the course of mastering their own activity.
To make it easy for young children to remember some nursery rhyme, chant, song or poem, I decided to make collages. They can be used both in individual, subgroup and group work.
For this we need:

Any pictures on the subject of this folklore and it is made out on cardboard ...
Build a plasticine bridge across a river