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Civic-patriotic education

Forms and methods of educational work that form the growth of values ​​in civil-patriotic education

The modern school is called upon to solve the vital tasks of implementing the value foundations of education, one of which is civic-patriotic education. The task of civic-patriotic education set at the present stage for the school involves not only the formation of faith and beliefs, but also the translation of theoretical proposals into concrete deeds. In this regard, the search for new methods and forms of organizing the process of continuous education has intensified recently. Continuous education of students determines the main conditions for the effectiveness of civil-patriotic work in an educational institution: professionalism, a high level of ideological conviction of teachers. For its effective solution, the school needs to create an integrated system for the formation of civic-patriotic guidelines for students. The organization of the educational process is experiencing some difficulties associated with the small number of methodological developments, organization and planning of civil-patriotic work. The educational institution has the following goals and objectives.

Target : to instill in students a love for the Motherland, to attach them to social values ​​​​- patriotism, citizenship, historical memory, duty; form the foundations of national identity.

To achieve the goal of civic-patriotic education, the school solves the following main tasks:

Tasks:

study of the history of their region;

fostering a sense of love, pride in their homeland, readiness to defend it;

development in adolescents of respect, mercy and sympathy for veterans of war and labor, families of the fallen defenders of the Fatherland, the elderly;

creation of the necessary conditions for the education of patriotism, as a spiritual component of the personality of a citizen.

The correct definition of the goals and objectives of civil-patriotic work helps to choose the best methods and forms of organization of educational activities:

Forms:

competitions of drawings, songs, poems, essays

search and research work

· stock

staging

lessons in courage

Methods: conversations, watching videos, excursions.

The modern world requires new educational approaches that can develop a sense of civic duty, love for the Motherland, respect for the historical past.

Civic-patriotic education of schoolchildren,

as the main direction of ideological work

Patriotic education begins with the knowledge of the value of the Motherland. In the process of development, a person gradually realizes his belonging to a team, class, school, people, homeland. The pinnacle of patriotic education is awareness of oneself as a citizen of the country.

The modern school is called upon to solve the vital tasks of implementing the value foundations of education, one of the defining concepts of which is ideology.

Today in the republic much attention is paid to the work of children's public associations. The task of school teachers is to plan such forms of work that will arouse interest among the children, and then joining the ranks of the BRPO and the Belarusian Republican Youth Union will take place on the initiative of the children themselves.

It is very important that the formed assets of children's public associations be assistants in all district and school-wide events, various actions.

It is at school age that it is most expedient to familiarize children with patriotism and citizenship.

The formation of civic consciousness and patriotism among students is largely facilitated by educational activities dedicated to the Day of the Conscript, the Day of the Warrior-Internationalist, the Day of Defender of the Fatherland, Victory Day and Independence Day.

As part of the annual planning for the formation of civic and patriotic feelings among students, such events are held as the lesson “I am a Minsker”, the school competition “My native kut, how dear you are to me”, lessons of courage with the invitation of veterans of the Great Patriotic War; organization of exhibitions of children's creativity.

In the annual planning of the educational work of the school, in the direction of "Civil-patriotic education", various forms and methods are provided for achieving the above goals. The formation of patriotic values ​​in a modern student should be a purposeful and targeted process, the main goal of which is moral and psychological preparation for the defense of the Fatherland, serving it. Since it is on the basis of patriotic values ​​that one can bring up a responsible, courageous, spiritually developed person. Educational activities of a patriotic nature contribute not only to the formation of patriotic concepts, but also to the improvement of interests and ideals. Students make up the core that will shape the future of our republic, develop the idea of ​​Belarusian statehood.

Civil patrioticeducation should be guided not only by love for the Motherland, but also by faith in oneself, in one's own strength, in the great achievements of our fathers and grandfathers. This is love for every corner and every citizen of our multinational Belarus. It is necessary to educate children on victories, not defeats, on creation, and not on destruction.

The tasks of educating young citizens of the Republic of Belarus have expanded significantly. Emphasis has shifted to the area of ​​civil-patriotic and ideological and moral education. Thus, the education of a citizen and a patriot is at the center of the formation of the educational space of an educational institution.

Educational work in the civil-patriotic direction will be considered effective if students acquire knowledge of the history of Belarus, the modern economic, socio-political cultural life of society. If they develop a sense of pride for their country - the Republic of Belarus, and the ideological and political consciousness, information and legal culture will be at a high level. The children should fully master the knowledge of the constitution, the symbols of the Republic of Belarus, strive to defend their ideals, form an active life position, participate in the life of the class, school, activities of the NGO "Belarusian Youth Union" and BRPO.

A person deprived of patriotic feelings is a stranger in his Fatherland. An active form of manifestation of patriotism is a concrete activity for the benefit of the Fatherland, serving the interests of the people. Patriotic activity is diverse in its manifestations: defense of the Fatherland; the ability to put the interests of the Fatherland above private interests; willingness to help the country; conscientious work; service to the motherland. Patriotism today acts as a spiritual basis for the revival of Belarus.

The work of the class teacher

in civic-patriotic education

The youth and children's public associations BRPO and NGO "Belarusian Republican Youth Union" created at the school help to form the feelings of citizenship and patriotism among children and young people.

Youth organizations today must be imbued with the spirit of a true community of children and adults. We must help our children to become real organizers of “new interesting and useful things”. If we develop a clear system for the work of our primary organizations, teach our children to be friends and cherish friendship, to be kind, honest, not afraid of difficulties, boldly move forward, lend a helping hand in time to a person, native nature, Fatherland, then we will be able to solve the main task - to help become worthy citizens of their country. Otherwise, we will not be able to resist the attempts of some adults to use the name of the pioneer as something of the past and long forgotten.

The heroic events in the history of Belarus, the achievements of the country in the field of politics, economy, culture and sports create real prerequisites for holding events for patriotic and civic education.

Therefore, the school uses such forms of civil and patriotic education as thematic conversations, lessons of courage, military glory, peace, meetings with veterans of wars and the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, as well as promotions, months, concerts, congratulations to veterans, lecture halls, festivals, sports holidays, game programs. They are aimed at the development of civic activity, initiative, creativity of students, provide assistance and support at the stage of formation of the personality of adolescents, the formation of patriotism. It is very important to note the development of project activities, which contribute to the development of students' independence, intellectual and creative abilities, and the formation of socially significant qualities.

Speaking about the interaction of the teacher-organizer with class teachers and children's class groups, it is important to say about the creation of a positive psychological climate and an active educational environment in the school, which include:

Preservation of school traditions: inviting veterans to class hours, congratulating them on holidays, providing all possible assistance.

The development of creativity, which is manifested in the preparation of bright events.

Support for student initiative and self-government, creative initiative and directing them in the right direction.

Participation of class teachers in various school affairs.

When planning various events, the interests of the children are taken into account, not forgetting that each class is already a detachment of Octobrists, pioneers or a cell of members of the Belarusian Republican Youth Union.

Children are not interested in dry and boring extracurricular activities. They suggest a break from study, so that the guys can not only get some educational moments, but also have fun. We hold all events in a playful way, in the form of competitions, brain-rings, KVN-s. At the end of the events, the guys release newspapers, collages, etc.

We must teach our children to study and have a decent, interesting and beneficial way for them and for society.

The role of preserving traditions in civic-patriotic education

Patriotic feelings are laid in the process of life and being of a person who is within a specific socio-cultural environment. From the moment of birth, people instinctively, naturally and imperceptibly get used to their environment, nature and culture of their country, to the life of their people. Therefore, the basis for the formation of patriotism is the deep feelings of love and affection for one's culture, one's people, one's land, perceived as a native natural and habitual human habitat.

Already in kindergarten, children get acquainted with the life and history of their people through folklore and painting. The Belarusian folklore combines the word, musical rhythm and melodiousness. Folklore is the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children. Art helps to perceive what cannot be directly observed in the surrounding life, it develops and educates feelings. Of great importance for the patriotic education of children is their active and diverse activities. Dance games, round dances, festive festivities provide a huge field for activity in this direction.

Folklore contains the whole life and history of the Belarusian people, the customs and rituals of our ancestors, which today can be widely used in life. With the help of traditional folklore dances, children become familiar with the culture of their people. Elements of folklore are used in choreography lessons. During extracurricular time, the children attend performances, concerts, performances of folklore groups. Using the example of folk customs and rituals of our ancestors in choreography lessons, we show how important the role of folklore is in educating the current generation. In order to raise worthy people, it is necessary to educate them as patriots, in order to instill patriotism in modern children, it is necessary to tell from childhood about the past, about the history of our region. A people that has forgotten its language, history and customs will disappear without a trace. Folklore in choreography lessons is the most important way to prevent

Achieving the goals of civic-patriotic education should be carried out through the interaction of the school, family and society, which contributes to the formation of stable ideas about the world, society, the state, the basic rights and obligations of children and students, their social ties and relationships.

At school, the planning and organization of civic-patriotic education is carried out in such a way that the ideological orientation, issues, content of educational activities, information hours are proactive, contribute to the development of cognitive, intellectual, cultural needs of students.

Currently, a search is underway for new technologies to create favorable conditions for the socialization of students, the education of civil and patriotic feelings.

Forms of civil and patriotic education of students through extracurricular and extracurricular activities:

conversations, class hours, reader conferences;

themed matinees, holding joint holidays;

ceremonial lines, lessons of Courage, Memory Watch;

excursions, targeted walks, games of civil and patriotic content, trips to historical places;

reviews of formation and song, military sports games "Zarnitsa", "Eaglet";

competitions, quizzes, holidays, exhibitions of children's creativity;

role-playing games, playing situations;

meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, famous countrymen;

measures to perpetuate the memory of the fallen in the struggle for the independence of our Motherland;

celebrating anniversaries, holding exhibitions, quizzes, contests, watching videos;

holding military-patriotic song contests;

visiting a military unit;

appeal to state symbols;

local history activities;

search work of the "Memory" group; collection of material about the fate of their ancestors, relatives - participants in the Second World War, local wars;

acquaintance with family heirlooms that keep the memory of the Great Patriotic War;

social actions "Veteran lives nearby", "Mercy", "Dawns", operation "Care".

The heroic and tragic events of the Great Patriotic War go further into the depths of history. Unfortunately, with each passing day there are fewer and fewer of those who defended our country, our land, our Motherland. And the most we can do is remember the defenders of the Fatherland and pass on to our descendants the memory of them and their great feat. Until the end of our lives, we and our descendants will experience great respect for the veterans of the Great Patriotic War, which they deserved by what they did for future generations. The memory of compatriots who fell on the battlefields, defending their people from enemies, has been revered in Russia since ancient times. This tradition is old and passed down from generation to generation.

In the patriotic education of the younger generation, the role of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, military personnel, and law enforcement officials is great.

Among the most common and effective forms of civic-patriotic education of schoolchildren, an important place is occupied by the Lessons of Courage. Work experience shows that the story of heroic traditions becomes more effective if it is based on local facts, refracted through the traditions of its people. Children meet veterans of the Great Patriotic War, people who forged the Victory. Their living word leaves the most indelible impression in the souls of children.



It is advisable to conduct integrated lessons (history, world history, literature, can be united by the topics: "They liberated ...", "The Great Patriotic War in the history and fate of people", "Restoration of the national economy of the USSR in the post-war years", "Afghanistan - our memory and pain", etc.). Military-patriotic education is the education of love for the Motherland, the formation of moral, psychological and physical readiness to fulfill the Constitutional duty to protect the Fatherland. Teachers work closely with teachers of social disciplines, museums of military glory, with societies for the assistance of the army. Students can study the articles of the Constitution on the defense of the Fatherland and the Law on military duty, organize trips to places of military glory, talk about the exploits of our people. To solve the problems of civic-patriotic education, teachers can organize the following events: holding an action of mercy on the Day of the Elderly, holding a labor holiday “For you, dear school”, “Addresses of care” (patronage of veterans and the elderly), participation in local history expeditions “Our Land”, participation in the quiz game “My Hometown”, etc. The most tangible results in solving problems of the heroic-patriotic direction are brought by meetings with WWII veterans. One of the most convincing methods of educating civic feelings is to familiarize students with invaluable documents - letters, diaries, memoirs of participants in certain events. These testimonies convey the innermost thoughts of people, their feelings, experiences, hopes, they have an effective influence on today's youth. Therefore, when conducting an educational hour, for example, a round table "Front letter", you can use local history material - letters from the front, from partisan detachments, written during the Great Patriotic War. One of the most serious attitudes in the school is the organization of sports events.



Interesting and informative meetings with famous people of their region. So, writers, museum workers can be invited to the school. Together with the craftsmen, conduct classes where schoolchildren will get to know and learn how to make, make all kinds of national clay products. You can conduct a lesson unusual at first glance "Native Side". The lesson is always preceded by a walk through the streets, where there are old buildings. Students will be surprised to rediscover the beauty of these houses. After the tour, you can work on creating an image of the house; make it out of paper, draw it - it will remain in children's memory for a long time. In the work it is necessary to use the interaction of three types of art - words, painting, music, which shows how the same phenomenon is depicted by different craftsmen. Working in this direction, we can say with confidence that students will study material related to folk culture with interest, especially when they themselves are participants in the creative process. Their cultural level is rising, there is a need to obtain new knowledge about the Motherland, about folk traditions. All this is very important for the formation of patriots, worthy citizens of their Fatherland.

CONCLUSION

Raising a patriot of one's Motherland is a responsible and difficult task, the solution of which is just beginning in preschool childhood. Planned, systematic work, the use of various means of education, the common efforts of the kindergarten and the family, the responsibility of adults for their words and deeds can give positive results and become the basis for further work on patriotic education. However, one should not expect “adult forms” from children to show love for the Motherland. But if, as a result of pedagogical work, the child will have knowledge about the name of the country, its geography, nature, symbolism, if he knows the names of one of those who glorified our homeland, if he shows interest in the acquired knowledge, read poetry, sing songs , then we can assume that the task was completed within the limits available to preschool age. It is possible that thanks to the activities implemented in the school environment, schoolchildren who have become adults, depending on their field of activity and social status, will try to do everything in their power to preserve the country's natural resources. Of course, it is impossible to cover the entire history and traditions in one event. But it is possible and necessary to talk about the most valuable, striking and noticeable phenomena and events all over the world, recognized as typical only for our country. And, if a child takes care of his national symbols from childhood, then with more confidence we can say that he will become a patriot of his country. Educational work in the classroom will give noticeable results if it is part of the entire work of the school in the patriotic education of children; if it will become more complicated in terms of content and implementation methods from class to class. A concrete understanding of the role and place of native nature in the life of society and the fate of the Fatherland is manifested in each of us in a personal interested, indifferent attitude towards it. Children are brought up to care for the natural treasures that we have inherited. Development of teaching and educational tools used in communication with schoolchildren to form their views and beliefs on the conservation and reproduction of natural resources.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Agapova I., Davydova M. Patriotic education at school. - M .: Iris-press, 2002.

2. Baturina G. I. Kuzina T. F. Folk pedagogy in the modern educational process: A manual for educators and teachers / Series Library of the journal "Education of schoolchildren". – M.: School press, 2003.

3. Belaya K. Yu. The system of work with children on issues of patriotic education // Series “From September to September”. - M.: Respublika, 1998.

4. Publisher: School Press Demidova E. I., Krivoruchenko V. K. Patriotism in its idea is unchanged // Knowledge. Understanding. Skill. - 2008. - No. 6.

5. Efremova G. Patriotic education of schoolchildren // Education of schoolchildren. - 2005. - No. 8. - P. 17.

6. How to teach children to love their Motherland: A guide for educators and teachers (programs, notes of lessons and classes, methodological recommendations on the subject "Folk Culture"). / Authors-compilers: Yu. E. Antonov, L. V. Levina, O. V. Rozova, I. A. Shcherbakova. – M.: ARKTI, 2003.

7. Kobylyansky V. A. National idea and education of patriotism // Pedagogy. - 1998. - No. 5. - P. 52.

8. Kozakova I. Features of patriotic education of preschoolers // Obruch. - 2003. - No. 6. - S. 8-12.

9. Lebedeva O. V. Patriotic education - loyal or civil. // Pedagogy. - 2003. - No. 9. - S. 77-83.

10. Leontiev A. A. Patriotic education and national education // Primary school (plus and minus). - 2002. - No. 4. - P. 4-6.

11. Mazykina N. V., Monakhov A. L. Guidelines for improving the military-patriotic education of children and adolescents. // Education of schoolchildren. - 2003. - No. 5. - S. 12-13.

The last decade of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century for Russia is the time of the formation of civil society and the rule of law, the recognition of human rights and freedoms as the highest value. The changes taking place in society determine new requirements for education. Successful self-realization of the individual during the period of study and after its completion, its socialization in society, active adaptation in the labor market are the most important tasks of the secondary school today. Strengthening the educational function of education (the formation of citizenship, diligence, morality, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for the Motherland, family, and the environment) is considered as one of the basic directions of state policy in the field of education.

Civic education is a new direction in the educational policy of Russia. As a rule, this is a system of knowledge of an integrative and generalizing nature, focusing not only on the formation of the spirituality of the individual, but also on the development of a strategy for the behavior of a modern person, a modern student. Thus, civic education is a single complex, the core of which is political, patriotic, legal and moral education, implemented through training courses, and especially extracurricular activities. Such education should contribute to the formation of a system of civic values ​​in students, develop their critical thinking and breadth of outlook, help students recognize the equality and equivalence of different points of view, be able to defend their Fatherland and take responsibility for their words and actions.

The education of a citizen living in a democratic state is the main goal of civic education. Such a citizen must have certain knowledge (about human rights, about the state, about elections, and so on), skills (think critically, analyze the political situation, cooperate with other people), instill such values ​​as: respect for the rights of others, tolerance, readiness for compromise, as well as the desire to participate in social and political life. The effectiveness of civic education of students is determined by the readiness and readiness of children for conscious activity and independent creative activity.

The patriotic education of students at school is also one of the main components of the educational process of an educational institution. State policy today, in this direction, places more and more accents. Today

The Government of the Russian Federation approved the program "Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2006-2010", developed in accordance with the proposals of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, public associations, creative unions, religious denominations. Thus, this important document was created by a huge team of like-minded people, who, this problem concerns and should concern paramountly! Today, this program is designed to somehow contribute to maintaining social stability, restoring the national economy and strengthening the country's defense capability. Patriotic education is the formation among citizens, our children, of a high patriotic consciousness, a sense of loyalty to their Fatherland, readiness to fulfill civic duty and constitutional obligations to protect the interests of the Motherland. Patriotic education, of course, is aimed at the formation and development of a person who has the qualities of a citizen - a patriot of the Motherland and is able to successfully fulfill civic duties in peacetime and wartime.

Recent events have confirmed that economic problems, the social differentiation of society, the loss of moral values ​​have had a negative impact on the public consciousness of the majority of the country's population, and have sharply reduced the educational impact of Russian culture, art and education as the most important factors in the formation of patriotism. Indifference, selfishness, individualism, cynicism, a certain aggressiveness, disrespectful attitude towards the native state and others have become widespread in the public consciousness. The socio-economic processes of the last decade and the ensuing devaluation of spiritual values ​​had, unfortunately, a negative impact on public consciousness and revealed the dependence of the successful solution of many life problems on the level of formation of a civil and patriotic position in the younger generation, the need for spiritual and moral improvement, respect to the historical and cultural heritage of their people. In this regard, the national-patriotic education of the younger generation becomes an integral part of the educational process.

Consequently, the most important goal of civic-patriotic education is to teach peace. And this means:

1) help children see that it is possible to change the world: a group, a family, a school, a neighborhood, a country, a region, our beautiful and rich planet - for the better;

2) involve children and adolescents in finding ways and means to solve problems and participate in the work to improve life for all;

3) to support the young and old in their work for a better life for all: relatives, a wider range of people, humanity in general, nature;

4) help to realize what is bad and what is good, what promotes good and what does not;

5) to help young and old to see the threat to good, and then to each person, group - to learn how to promote the necessary changes.

Including preparing our teenagers for the defense of the Fatherland, for service in the armed forces. These tasks are solved by the joint efforts of preschool institutions, secondary schools, institutions of additional education, of course, families and other public organizations. Today, educational work is organized and carried out on a single basis, taking into account the profile of the educational institution, the purpose and educational opportunities of each educational institution, age characteristics, the real level of education, interests and needs of children and adolescents, and, of course, the close relationship of military-patriotic and other events with educational process and defense-mass work. Patriotic, and in relation to boys and military-patriotic, education begins with the family, since all types of social education of the child are laid in the family. The experience, traditions, way of life of the family form and develop the moral and volitional qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities of children, starting from the first years of life. With the beginning of children's education at school, the family, working closely with the educational institution, enriches all these elements of education. Parents, teachers, military specialists, activists of mass defense work - with their advice and direct participation in the pedagogical process, contribute to the education of a young man as a patriot and defender of the Fatherland. A priority direction and an integral part of the educational process today is becoming national-patriotic education, civil-patriotic education of the younger generation, which is designed to form in children a sense of love for their small homeland, respect for national traditions and culture, and arouse a sense of pride for their people. And you can be proud only of the fact that you know well what you are involved in:

Municipal educational institution - secondary school No. 12 of the city of Almetyevsk RT has been conducting its educational activities since 1961. The teaching staff of our school actively contributes to the implementation of the program of civil and patriotic education: these are the creative reports of TOSMS; amateur art shows, where our school will once again present the program "65 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War".

In the foyer of the school there are stands on civil and patriotic education dedicated to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War "They fought for the Motherland", in which information is periodically updated revealing new pages of the terrible war of 1941-1945, and a stand dedicated to soldiers - internationalists: soldiers of the war in Afghanistan and Chechnya "Remember everyone by name":

In memory of the dead, our school introduced a tradition in 1996: as part of the civil-patriotic education of children and adolescents, it organized a festival of Afghan soldiers' songs named after the Afghan soldier of our city Andrei Chuikov, who tragically died in peacetime. Having developed the situation, the festival began to live, grow, and in February 2009, the XII Afghan Song Festival took place. Andrei always dreamed of creating a festival of Afghan soldiers' songs in his hometown - the city of Almetyevsk, and we made his dream come true. In my opinion, this festival became the result of our extracurricular work, activities for the civil-patriotic and moral education of the younger generation! Every year, Afghan soldiers, parents of dead sons, representatives of military-patriotic clubs, administration, school staff, parents of students, the media (correspondents of city newspapers and the city television company Luch) are invited to the evening. The 10th Anniversary Afghan Soldier Song Festival we held in 2007 was built from the best songs of the previous nine years. Songs that took only prizes. Each song sung was permeated with warmth, kindness and respect for their fellow countrymen. Today, the Afghan soldier song festival has become a tradition for our school. Over the 12 years of the Andrey Chuikov Festival, our students have performed more than two hundred and twenty songs. It's no secret: the Afghan war claimed the lives of 213 children from our republic. And with such a good deed, we dedicated a song to each of the dead. The festival received good support from the Society of Soldiers of the War in Afghanistan, the military-patriotic club "Memory", with which we have been cooperating for more than 10 years, and the result of joint, fruitful work has already been the XII Andrey Chuikov Afghan Song Festival. The result of the close-knit work of the association "Memory" with many institutions - was its 15th anniversary - in December 2007.

The Afghan and Chechen war will disturb hearts for a long time to come. The Andrey Chuikov Soldiers' Afghan Song Festival stepped into its second decade. By holding such festivals in the future, we want to forever immortalize the names of the guys who did not return from that war, and give strength to those who are destined to talk about it in this life! Almetyevsk municipal district lost 23 soldiers in those wars, many of whom were not even twenty:

In 2007, we created and secured another tradition for our students: We took on a great honor and responsibility - to look after the burial places of Afghan soldiers who have no relatives in our city. These are the graves of Logunov Vyacheslav Alekseevich and Demidov Evgeny Vasilyevich.

Every year, on February 15, students of grades 7-11 take part in a rally dedicated to the anniversary of the withdrawal of a limited contingent of Soviet troops from the Republic of Afghanistan, which takes place near the monument to the soldiers of the Afghans. The children sing songs, read poems: 2009 is significant for the 20th anniversary of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the Republic of Afghanistan. A new monument to the soldiers of the Afghan and Chechen wars has been opened in the city. The names and surnames of 23 dead children from the Almetyevsk region and the city of Almetyevsk are engraved on the marble plaque of the obelisk.

A large number of extra-curricular activities at the class and school levels were timed to coincide with the 65th anniversary of the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad (January 27, 1944). There were meetings with veterans, blockade survivors, home front workers. All this, of course, educates our children: it teaches kindness, mercy, compassion for one's neighbor.

The effectiveness of military-patriotic education is determined, first of all, by the business cooperation of all adults, institutions and organizations involved in the educational process, that is, the interaction of school and out-of-school educational environments for the moral and civic formation of the individual. The educational institution continues to interact with the Muskul club at the interschool educational methodological center on the basics of military service, with which we systematically conduct the military sports game Zarnitsa. In May 2007, together with the MUMC for OVS, on the basis of secondary school No. 12, the V festival of a staged military-patriotic song was held among students of secondary schools in the Almetyevsk municipal district. The team of our school presented the staging of the song "Salaspils" and became the winner in the nomination "Best stage performance".

In the context of increased attention to solving the problems of civil, patriotic education of young citizens, the formation of their pride in the achievements of their native country, interest and respect for the historical past of Russia and Tatarstan, respect for the traditions of their people, turning to state symbols is especially important. The active educational influence of state symbols determines its special role in the system of symbols. The ability of state symbols to influence the consciousness of a person through an artistic image, to convey the generalized content contained in it in an accessible and bright, attractive form for students, creates special opportunities for using the coat of arms, flag and anthem of the country and the republic in the education of schoolchildren. Moral, political ideas, expressed in state symbols, make up the potential that, when actively included in the educational process, helps to arouse in students a sense of pride in their homeland. The banner group of our school annually takes part in city reviews of banner groups, showing good results. Annual participation in parades of the system and song pulls up our guys, teaches stamina, patience, endurance.

The Children's Public Organization "Flame", which has been working in our school since 1998 (Union of the Heirs of Tatarstan) - also does a lot of work in this direction. The guys successfully perform at SNT rallies, festivals at the Center for Children's and Youth Creativity.

The domestic history of the development of children's movements, organizations, associations has a rich experience: a scout detachment, a pioneer organization, a communal association, a Timur detachment, an amateur club, a children's press center, a labor brigade, a scientific society, a student organization, an association and others. According to the results of the year 2007 - the year of Charity in the Republic of Tatarstan - the Timurovsky team of our educational institution was recognized as one of the best! Today, the Children's Public Organization "Flame" of secondary school No. 12 is fighting for the Title to bear the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union - Pavlov Grigory Rodionovich - a native of the Vysokogorsky region of the Tatar ASSR.

The children of grades 1-11, who are part of the preschool educational institution, visit the museums of the city of Almetyevsk, because it is the search and local history work that contributes to the appeal of today's schoolchild to the traditions of his people. Here there is an acquaintance with traditional crafts for our area, an attempt to master the secrets of making household items, utensils, clothing and its decorations, which not only fosters love for work as the basis for the formation of personality, but also introduces them to the national way of life, the people's labor experience of generations .

In memory of the soldiers-internationalists, the Museum "Memory" was created in the city. Visiting it, our guys learn more and more every year, take more seriously and more meaningfully the exploits of those guys who were not even twenty, who went through Afghanistan and Chechnya:

In terms of civic and patriotic education of students, we actively cooperate with branches of the central library system of the city, as well as the central library, which are for us a kind of bridge between the past and the present, the present and the future: war, home front workers, blockade of Leningrad.

I would like to note that our educational institution is actively cooperating with the media, thereby covering the work in many areas of educational activities. Only love, a complete understanding of one’s history, respect for one’s ancestors, sincere and sincere empathy for the achievements and some shortcomings of all the reforms carried out by the state, can reveal in our children and adolescents those spiritual qualities that will define him as a person, and already as an accomplished one. personality, and as a citizen with a capital letter.

The Program for Patriotic Education of Children and Adolescents of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan, developed and operating today, cannot be put to rest: the State, the Government, public organizations, educational institutions need to continue to work in "this vein" - jointly, collectively, uniting. Seriously pay attention to the media, television. To propagate from the "big screen" not violence and blood, but the values ​​of life that our people comprehended in difficult wars, battles, battles, disasters, and so on. After all, Russia has always been and will be a strong and powerful state in which Citizens will live, capable of defending their Fatherland at any moment!

Much has been written about how important it is to introduce the younger generation to their native culture from a young age, about the fact that this instills in children a sense of pride in the fatherland and deep respect for it. Therefore, the study of the culture of their ancestors, the history of their people is necessary for children. In the future, this will help them show interest and respect the national traditions of other peoples. Thus, moral and patriotic education is an important task of preschool educational institutions.

Today you can find a lot of methodological literature on this topic, but often it only addresses certain issues of patriotic education, and there is no complete system that would fully reflect the problem. Perhaps this is natural, since patriotism is multifaceted in its essence. This is both pride in one's people, and the desire to preserve its wealth and increase it, a feeling of inextricable connection with the outside world.

Tasks of moral and patriotic education

  1. Formation of interest in Russian crafts and traditions
  2. Raising a caring attitude to all living things, to the surrounding world, to the nature of the native land - and nature in general
  3. Raising love for your hometown, street, home, for your family
  4. Expanding the child's knowledge about the cities of Russia
  5. Education of love and respect for work
  6. Formation of basic ideas in a child
  7. Acquaintance with the state symbols of Russia - coat of arms, flag, anthem
  8. Raising in children a tolerant attitude towards the traditions of other peoples
  9. Developing a sense of pride in the achievements of the homeland

These tasks in kindergarten are solved in games, in the classroom and in everyday life, not only instilling patriotic feelings in children, but also shaping their relationships with friends and adults. Moral and patriotic education is a complex pedagogical process.

Methods of patriotic education


Forms of patriotic education


Materials for classes on patriotic education

  1. Painting reproductions
  2. Methodical literature
  3. Visual and didactic aids
  4. Illustrations of various types of troops, portraits of heroes
  5. Modern means of TCO
  6. Audio recordings
  7. Maps, atlas, globe
  8. Fiction
  9. State symbols

How to introduce a child to patriotic education?

We all know that preschool age is the most important period in the development of the personality of a small person, it is during this period that civic qualities are laid in his soul, ideas about culture, society and a person’s place in it are formed in his mind. The key points in cultivating love for the Motherland in a child are the following: the child's assimilation of those norms of relationships and behavior that are accepted in his country, city or village, the accumulation of social life experience, familiarization with the national culture. Love for the motherland begins to form at an early age, from the first mother's songs, from pictures in the alphabet, from that corner of the city where the child lives, from "a small corner of distant childhood."

  1. It is necessary to bring up in the child a careful attitude to surrounding things, toys and books, to explain to him that human labor is invested in each of these things. Form, go to the library with your child, show him how books are stored in the library, and teach him how to use it.
  2. Organize excursions to the monuments, tell the child everything you know about the history of these monuments (you can and even need to prepare in advance if you don’t have enough information). You will see the child is interested. It is also possible to make "journeys" throughout the country with the help of illustrations, a colorful map or a globe.
  3. Invite your child to build a house using toy building materials, and then play housewarming with him, place “residents” in the house, they can be any toys, dolls, bears and bunnies. Check whether the house is comfortable for living, whether it is solidly built, whether it is comfortable enough in it.
  4. Cultivate respect for bread. Tell your child how bread is grown, how much effort and work has been invested in this process. Watch how bread is brought in, how it is unloaded. Buy fresh, still hot bread with your child, enjoy its aroma and taste - or bake it yourself. Explain to the child that bread should not be thrown away, you can dry crackers out of it or give it to birds.
  5. Tell your child about your work, about the benefits it brings, what you love about it. The child should have an idea of ​​who and how his parents work. Of course, it's good if your work gives you joy, then the child will see and feel it.
  6. When you return from kindergarten, play with your baby the game "Who will notice more interesting things?" This exciting game is not only interesting, but also develops observation, forms an idea of ​​the world around. At home, you can continue the game by inviting the baby to draw what he liked most on a walk.
  7. Remember that love for the great Motherland begins with love for the nature of the native land. Nature brings up in man responsiveness and sensitivity. Try to spend as much time as possible in nature, skiing in winter, cycling in summer, or walking, go to the forest, admire its beauty, enjoy the singing of birds and the murmur of streams. Teach your child to protect and protect nature.
  1. Introducing the child to the traditions of the Russian people, oral folk art, games, cultural heritage, art, holidays and folklore.
  2. Compilation of the child's pedigree, his deep knowledge of the history of his family, his relatives, family traditions. Acquaintance of the child with the traditions of the kindergarten, the city or village where he lives, with the history of the city, its emblem, famous citizens, with the sights of the city.
  3. Organization of feasible, planting vegetables, flowers, shrubs, observation of the city at different times of the year.
  4. A productive, creative, playful activity in which children are given the opportunity to take care of people, nature and animals in different seasons.

Kindergarten teachers and parents should work closely together and be prepared for the problems of patriotic education, this will increase work efficiency. Also, a heuristic environment should be created in the kindergarten and in the family. The heuristic environment implies a productive field for the initiative and creativity of the child, for his independent activity. Cooperation between parents and educators involves trusting business contacts, teaching family members how to communicate with the baby, their active involvement in the pedagogical process, as well as organizing a subject-developing environment in the kindergarten and in the family. A teacher ready for moral and patriotic education is a person with the proper level of professional skill and competence, able to independently solve the tasks assigned to him.

As mentioned above, to cultivate patriotic feelings in children, you need to start with cultivating love for your home, for the street where you live, for the kindergarten that the child attends.

  1. On walks, pay your child's attention to the sights of the city, to its beauty.
  2. Talk about what is on your street, on nearby streets, alleys, squares and parks.
  3. Form a child's idea of ​​​​the work of public organizations, such as a library, post office, shop. Observe the work of employees of these organizations, talk with your child about the value and significance of their work.
  4. Involve the child in feasible work on the improvement of the yard, suburban area.
  5. Learn to appreciate your actions and the actions of others.
  6. Read books with your child about your native country, its traditions, heroes and culture.
  7. Encourage your child's desire to maintain order, for proper behavior in public places.
  8. Do not neglect the expansion of your own horizons.

Finally

Certain subjective and objective reasons were the result of the fact that the moral and patriotic education of preschoolers receded into the background. In the 80s and 90s of the XX century, the point of view was supported, according to which preschool institutions should not be engaged in the "politicization" of the pedagogical process due to the ambiguity of the political events taking place in the country. The result of this approach was the lack of love for the Motherland among the younger generation, the lack of kindness and spirituality. Today, the issues of moral and patriotic education of preschoolers are again becoming relevant and priority, their basis is the continuity of generations and national culture. In addition, much attention is paid to the legal development and socialization of young people.

Forms and methods of patriotic education in senior preschool age

Patriotic education is multifaceted, it is carried out with the help of certain forms and methods. "The choice of certain forms and methods of education depends on the leading task, on the age of the pupils, on the level of their general and intellectual development." The form of education becomes effective in combination with adequate methods. There are two groups of methods of patriotic education of preschool children: the organization of practical experience in social behavior (the method of teaching, showing action, the example of adults, etc.); the formation of patriotic ideas, judgments, assessments among preschoolers (conversations, reading works of art, viewing and discussing pictures, illustrations).

The methods depend on the purpose and content of education, they are aimed at the formation and improvement of the personality, therefore the level of development of pupils and the maturity of the team are important conditions for the effective use of education methods. The methods and techniques of patriotic education are closely related to each other and, depending on the pedagogical situation, can act as independent methods and as methodological techniques. Before determining the method of patriotic education of older preschoolers, it must be remembered that success in educating a free personality depends on the initial methodological position from which we look at the child. Since patriotic education is a part of moral education, all these methods are good for it, but they give an effective result only under certain conditions:

Any method must be humane, not humiliating the child;

The method must be real;

To use the method, conditions must be prepared in advance;

The method should not be applied in the same way.

The prevailing methods in the patriotic education of older preschoolers should be practical methods that involve teaching the child how to act. Methods are applied, not in isolation, but in a complex, in interconnection. The result of education depends on the skillful use and combination of methods and forms of organization of the educational process. Preschoolers gradually develop an “image of their own home” with its way of life, traditions, style of relationships. The child accepts his home as it is and loves it. This feeling of "parental home" forms the basis of love for the motherland, the Fatherland. It is necessary to educate the child to love his home. The next stage is the upbringing of love and affection for your city. It is necessary that children take part in the celebration of city events, so that children have the opportunity to plunge into the atmosphere of common joy, fun and feel like a part of our city, a “big family”. The upbringing of attitudes towards one's own country relies more on the cognitive component: children are provided with information that they must and can learn. The peculiarity is that knowledge should be emotional, and encourage the child to practice. So, when getting acquainted with the countries of the world, children saw their country on the map, heard its name. After that, the educator returns them to this information, but the emphasis is on the study of their native country. The name of the country is fixed in games (“Who will name more countries?”, in exercises (“How to write an address on an envelope?”, “Define your country from different names of countries Looking at illustrations, watching films, listening to works of art, adult stories, as well as excursions , drawing, travel games - all this helps to solve the problem.

The educator should infect children with his love for the Motherland, with sincere surprise and admiration, talk about the wealth of the country and worthy people, public holidays. Organize circle work in the corner of national life. Work with parents to encourage them to participate in public celebrations, such as the Victory Day parade. Oral folk art is the richest material for patriotic education. By the senior preschool age, children are already familiar with many types of oral folk art. The shortest - they learned proverbs and sayings at a younger age, they met with riddles on average. To get acquainted with the native culture, it is important not only that the child passively knows a certain set of sayings and jokes, but that they are used by him in suitable cases - in a game or rituals. Epics are a special ancient genre of oral folk art, which children are introduced to at the senior preschool age. The content of epics comes close to patriotic education. Adapted versions of texts are used for children. Heroic stories delight children and excite their imagination with bright hyperbole, melodiousness, legendaryness: “Ilya Nightingale ordered to whistle at half strength. And he whistled so that people fell dead. Then Ilya took the villain into the open field and cut off his head ... ".

Stories about nature - are studied in order to familiarize children with nature (which is also part of the formation of a patriotic attitude towards their native land) and perceive it not only as a useful resource, but as part of a living, sensitive world. Poems about the Great Patriotic War are an important component of patriotic education. Poems by S. Mikhalkov, S. Vasiliev, A. Tvardovsky, A. Barto about the exploits and courage of soldiers and partisans who defended their homeland, who did not spare themselves in the struggle, are a highly artistic means of education. The power of the rhythmic poetic word has an inspiring effect on the minds of children.

But for vivid memorization and assimilation, oral acquaintance alone is not enough. At this age, visual-figurative thinking is preserved, therefore, in order for children to form an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe phenomenon (whether it be the concept of state symbols, the beauty of their native nature, military heroism) - they need to rely on visual impressions.

To accompany the reading aloud of fairy tales, epics, stories, visual aids, reproductions of paintings, illustrations in books, photographs and postcards on the topic are used. When reading fairy tales and stories with new words - for example - "spinning wheel", "sieve", "grab" - a clear understanding of the children gives a natural object, or at least its image, because they perceive verbal description - an explanation of an unfamiliar object with difficulty. The use of household items and antiquities when reading and telling epics enhances the cognitive effect and attracts the attention of children as a "surprise moment".

The story and conversation become an effective factor in the patriotic formation of the child's personality. If the teacher starts a conversation with the child, then he must be sure that the upcoming story is important and relevant for the child, will cause trust, readiness for empathy, and a positive response. Conversation as a method of patriotic education is widely used to expand the range of ideas and concepts of the child in the field of social life, science and technology, ethics, and aesthetics. Conversation as a method of patriotic education has a number of features. Often, the actions of people that are identical in moral content appear to the child as different, since they were committed, were in dissimilar situations. And vice versa, actions that are opposite in their moral significance, in a similar situation, seem the same to the child. A child may do wrong because he does not give himself an account of his intentions or does not know how to properly evaluate them. The purpose of the conversation is to explain to the child in an accessible form the difference between patriotic and unpatriotic behavior, to comprehend their life experience from the point of view of morality.

Noteworthy is such a form of education as KVN. This form will allow you to successfully conduct, for example, a final lesson, where you can see the result of a long educational work. In addition, this form of conducting classes on patriotic education will allow involving not only pupils, but also their parents in the educational process.

Warmth and intimacy are provided in the work by classes conducted in the form of a “circle of communication”. This form allows you to reach each child, hear him, build a conversation with children in a sincere trusting atmosphere.

The game is also a favorite and exciting form of conducting classes for children. It ignites, captivates and delivers a lot of positive emotions. The form of the quiz allows you to consolidate a large amount of information in a short time, to check the effectiveness of previously conducted classes.

Acquaintance with their native city and native country evokes positive feelings and emotions in children, as well as the desire and desire of the child to draw what he has just heard about. Therefore, this work continues in the classroom for fine arts. Drawings of children, reflecting a strong and pure feeling of love for their hometown, native nature, allow them to create expressive images based on their own observations, and also make them think about their attitude to the natural world. At music lessons, children are introduced to Russian culture. It has become a tradition in the kindergarten to hold patriotic holidays: “Defender of the Fatherland Day”, “Russia Day”, “May 9 - Victory Day”, “Children's Day”, etc., as well as visits to the military unit by older preschool children, where performances are given about the army, about the types of troops, military equipment.


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