When can the child be given vegetables. Healthy vegetables for children under one year old. Video: Steaming vegetables for babies
Update: December 2018
From the moment a child reaches one year of age, his nutrition gradually expands and changes. But this does not mean at all that after a year, the child needs to be transferred to adult nutrition, his digestive system is not yet ready to digest many products of the adult diet, and the enzymes of the pancreas and bile are not yet fully functionally active.
Nutrition for children under one and a half years old
The nutrition of the child after 1 year of age changes, gradually and smoothly approaching the table of adults. What are the features of nutrition after a year:
- children become more active and tidy at the table, they learn to use cutlery, drink from a cup, use a napkin
- children actively drink water with food, doing it repeatedly during a meal
- children can eat in motion, it is often difficult to keep them at the table, and they periodically run up to the mother, take pieces of food, and continue to move, spin in a chair, scatter food
- show selectivity in food, can sort out food, throwing out of the plate what, in their opinion, tasteless, arrange "strikes", demanding certain food.
These are the features of children's eating behavior, all parents go through these stages of the formation of the child's taste and eating habits.
Usually, after the age of one year, children switch to five meals a day. Typically, a child's diet looks like:
- Breakfast (8.00-8.30)
- Second breakfast (10.30-11.00)
- Lunch (12.30-13.00)
- Afternoon snack (15.30.-16.00)
- Dinner (18.30-19.00)
In between meals, there may be small snacks with fruits or light desserts, juices, compotes. It is important not to give children high-calorie foods (sweet cookies, rolls, sweets, chocolate, sweets) during these snacks so that the child has an appetite for the next meal.
Usually, children in the first year of life receive breast milk or adapted milk formulas as their main food. The baby's nutrition after 1 year of age undergoes some changes, especially from the type of feeding:
- When breastfeeding mother's milk is gradually replaced during the daytime by complementary foods and becomes additional food. But, according to WHO, breastfeeding after a year does not need to be completed, it is advisable to continue it up to one and a half to two years, gradually and smoothly weaning the baby. In the period up to a year and a half, breastfeeding can still persist in the daytime before bedtime and as snacks between meals, gradually feeding is reduced to sucking on the breast for a night's sleep and at night, as well as latching on to the breast not for nutrition, but mostly for communication and calming ...
- When the child is on adapted formulas, there is a transition to C-grade mixtures, special dairy products, which are designed to replace cow's milk at this age, which is not recommended in the diet of young children due to its high allergenicity. The mixture is mainly given at night, being replaced by regular foods during the day.
Why is the diet of children changing. Features of the digestion of children.
Expansion of the diet and a change in dietary regimes is due to the peculiarities of the development of the child's digestive tract. After a year, active teething of the chewing group occurs (there should be 12 of them), there is a sharp increase in the concentration of digestive juices and the activity of intestinal and pancreatic enzymes. This helps to facilitate the digestion of new and denser food, its active assimilation.
The appearance of teeth requires an increase in the chewing load on them for the correct and complete formation of the dentoalveolar apparatus and the skeleton of the face. A child at this age learns to chew pieces of food about 2-3 cm in size and a relatively loose consistency. Chewing helps in the development of the muscles and bones of the jaw, which forms the correct bite and complete chopping of food for its active digestion.
- The child begins to consume large amounts of food in view of an increase in the volume of the stomach up to about 250-300 ml, while his emptying from food occurs approximately every 3-4 hours from the moment of the previous intake.
- This leads to the formation of a new regimen of food intake, at first five meals a day, and as they grow older - the transition to four meals a day by the age of three.
- The volume of food per day at this age is about 1200-1300 ml, the volume of an average portion of food with five meals a day is approximately equal to 250 ml with slight deviations in the range of 30-50 g.
- The consistency of food with the appearance of teeth should gradually thicken from mushy to the usual soft food (boiled vegetables, cereals, pasta, meatballs, meatballs, etc.), which can be bitten and chewed.
During this period, food habits and food addictions are formed, so now is the time to offer the child a variety of (permitted, healthy) foods for testing, so that he learns to eat different foods. When eating, digestive juices are actively produced, which helps in the active assimilation of food. At this age, strict adherence to the diet is important, which helps to "turn on" digestion by a certain time and adequately assimilate all food components.
Features of cooking for young children
- food must be fully thermally processed, food must not be overcooked, preferably steam cooking or simmering
- food is prepared directly for its intake, it is unacceptable to heat it up and store it even for a day in the refrigerator, this sharply reduces its nutritional value and increases the risk of spoilage, contamination with dangerous microbes and food poisoning, especially in the warm season
- soups and cereals are cooked in mashed form, vegetables and fruits are kneaded with a fork, meat and fish are given in the form of minced meat, chopped products or soufflé
- dishes are prepared in boiled, stewed or steamed form without adding spices, garlic and pepper to them.
Basic requirements for the diet of children
The nutrition of a child under the age of one and a half years should be:
- correct and balanced in all main components
- the menu should be varied, compiled for the week with different dishes and products
- verified for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral components.
This is achieved by a combination in the daily diet of vegetables and fruits, meat or fish dishes, dairy products, flour products and cereals.
It is important to immediately decide what foods the child can eat, taking into account the state of health and features of early development.
During the first year of life, the child could have been diagnosed with food allergies or individual intolerance to foods, which in the period up to two to three years will exclude these foods from the diet. As they grow older, they can be carefully introduced into the diet under the control of tolerance.
Comparative characteristics of the diet up to 3 years
| Main characteristics | From 1 to 1.6 years old | From 1.6 to 3 years old |
| Number of teeth in a child | 8-12 pcs, anterior incisors and chewing premolars. Biting and chewing only soft food is possible. | 20 teeth, all groups of teeth for both biting and chopping and chewing food |
| Stomach volume | 250-300 ml | 300-350 ml |
| Number of meals | 5 meals a day | 4 meals a day |
| The volume of one meal | 250 ml | 300-350 ml |
| Daily food volume | 1200-1300 ml | 1400-1500 ml. |
| Calorie distribution of meals |
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You also need to know what products a child under the age of one and a half years can eat, and what the main characteristics of food for children should have. Here is a sample list of these products.
Essential products for a child under one and a half years old
| Can | Not desirable | How much about gr. in a day | |
| Vegetables |
|
|
200 -300 gr. |
| Fruits |
|
|
100-200 gr. |
| Dairy products |
sour cream, cream, cheese - for dressing in soups, salads, side dishes |
|
Every day:
In one day:
Total milk 400 ml. in a day |
| Cereals, bread, pasta |
|
— |
|
| A fish |
|
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1-2 times a week, 100 gr. |
| Meat, poultry |
|
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100 g |
| Egg |
|
— | 1 PC. chicken, 2 pcs. quail |
About dairy products
Dairy products should be an indispensable component of the diet of a child under one and a half years old. However, the most important question for today is? The baby's gastrointestinal tract is not able to fully assimilate whole milk until 2 years of age, since there are still no necessary enzymes (some of them do not produce this enzyme in the future throughout their life). In this regard, the introduction of whole cow's milk is not recommended earlier than 2-3 years. In addition, today there is a massive allergization of the population, especially among children, including an increasing number of cases of development. You need to be especially careful with milk:
- children with atopic dermatitis
- in the presence of milk intolerance by the parents of the child
- children with digestive disorders.
Breastfed babies do not need whole cow's milk by definition, they get their mother's milk. For children on artificial mixtures, it is better to replace the intake of cow's milk with special milk mixtures, C grade, fermented milk products.
Dairy products are rich in easily digestible animal protein, animal fat, as well as a set of vitamins and minerals necessary for the growth and development of the baby. Fermented milk products contain beneficial bacteria that help the intestines work, support the growth and functioning of its own microflora and stimulate the immune system.
- Daily should be in the diet of dairy products - kefir, yogurt, yogurt
- Every other day - cottage cheese, cheeses, sour cream or cream
- For children with normal body weight, the intake of low-fat or low-fat dairy products is not recommended.
- The daily volume of dairy products, taking into account their costs for cooking, is at least 400 ml.
- The consumption of milk in cereals, cottage cheese in dishes, sour cream and cream in dishes is taken into account.
It is worth considering the fact that today in Russia many manufacturers in order to reduce production costs include palm oil in dairy products, which is much cheaper than milk fat, and it is not always indicated in the product labeling (or simply vegetable fats are indicated). Therefore, very cheap dairy products (butter, cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese, etc.) most likely contain it. Disputes about the dangers and benefits of palm oil have been going on for a long time, and there is no need to say unequivocally that it is harmless to the child's body.
It is clear that the shorter the shelf life of the product and the fresher it is (today, yesterday), the better. In the summer, there are a lot of cases of poisoning of babies with dairy products, the same curds, sour cream, yoghurts, since in the heat, due to the negligence of retail chains, it is not uncommon for goods to idle without a refrigerator (transportation, storage, waiting for loading, unloading, etc.). Therefore, before giving your child a dairy product, make sure it is fresh, try the product yourself.
What dairy products can a child need
Yogurt
After a year, children need to be given special children's yoghurts, which are balanced in terms of the amount of fats and carbohydrates. They are prepared using a special yoghurt starter culture (thermophilic streptococcus and yoghurt (Bulgarian) stick). These yoghurts are not thermally processed, have a very short shelf life (they are stored only in the refrigerator), which allows them to retain their useful properties. Yoghurts with a long shelf life have either been thermally processed or contain preservatives; the intake of such yoghurts is highly undesirable for children. There are no beneficial bacteria in them, and additional components can harm the child's body.
Kefir
This fermented milk drink helps in the work of the cardiovascular system and intestines due to the content of special lactic acid microbes and bifidoflora in its composition. These microbes help the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora, which will improve digestion and immune function. At the same time, kefir has a high acidity and fixes the stool, especially when it is stored for a long time, its intake should be limited to 200-300 ml per day.
Cottage cheese
Cottage cheese is a source of protein and calcium for a child, but it is very difficult to digest due to the high percentage of protein. Therefore, the volume of cottage cheese per day should not exceed 50-100g. Only cottage cheese with a fat content of at least 5-9% will be useful for the full assimilation of calcium, zero-fat cottage cheese is not so useful, since calcium is practically not assimilated without the presence of fats. Cottage cheese can be consumed in its pure form or with the addition of fruits; high-calorie and protein dishes are no longer given at one time with cottage cheese.
Cheese, sour cream and cream
These products are recommended to be given to a child in limited quantities or to be used in the preparation of meals for children. Sour cream and cream are often given as a dressing for soups or main courses, and cheese can be added to side dishes. As the teeth erupt, you can give your child pieces of unsalted hard cheese to chew.
A fish
In the diet of children, the use of fish dishes is recommended once or twice a week. Children under one and a half years old are allowed such types of fish as cod, hake or pollock, pike perch, sea bass, but if the child is allergic, it is worth giving up fish for at least 2-3 years. Fish can be offered in the form of children's specialized canned fish, fish soufflé, boiled fish with a side dish or steam cutlets.
Fish is good for children because of the easily digestible protein and a set of vitamins and minerals, iodine and fluoride, phosphorus and calcium, which are useful for the growth of the skeleton and teeth. But, fish broth soups are strictly forbidden at this age - extractive and harmful substances from the fish carcass pass into the broth during cooking.
Meat
- Meat is the main source of animal protein for the baby and should be on the baby's table at least five times a week.
- Different types of meat and poultry can be introduced into the diet of children in the amount of 100 g.
- Meat dishes can be minced meat, meatballs, steamed patties, or canned meat for children.
- It is important to remember that meat is digested for a long time and it must be introduced in the first half of the day - at lunchtime.
- After a year, the diet expands with offal - tongue, liver, heart.
- Also useful are poultry and rabbit, turkey, lamb.
Lard, lamb and fatty pork, meat of waterfowl wild birds and animals are excluded from the diet of young children. It is strictly forbidden for children under 3 years old to introduce sausages and sausages, wieners, even with children's markings (most often children's names on them are the tricks of manufacturers, these are ordinary sausages and wieners). Children's sausages must bear the inscription “specialized product for baby food” and indicate the child's age (for sausages, this is usually 3+).
Egg
Eggs are a source of protein; in addition to protein, they contain many useful amino acids, trace elements and vitamins. Eggs are given to the child every day after a year, in the absence of allergies or pathologies of the biliary system. You can add an egg to dishes or give it hard-boiled, make a steam omelet from it. It is forbidden for young children to give soft-boiled eggs or in a bag, fried eggs. If you are allergic to chicken egg white, quail eggs can be an excellent alternative. They can be up to 2 pieces per day.
Oils
In the diet of children, there should be enough fats in the form of vegetable oils and butter. Butter can be served with a soft bun in the form of a sandwich, or added to ready-made cereals and vegetable purees so that the butter does not undergo heat treatment and does not lose its beneficial properties. The amount of butter per day is not more than 10-15g.
Vegetable oils are used for cooking and dressing ready meals, dressing salads and vegetable dishes with them. It is better to use non-refined oils - virgin olive, sunflower. The norm of vegetable oils is not more than 10 g per day.
Cereal dishes
After a year in the diet of children, both gluten-free cereals (buckwheat, rice and corn) and those containing gluten (wheat, oats, rye) are used. Cereals are used both in the form of cereals and in the form of cereal side dishes for main courses. Buckwheat, corn and oatmeal porridge, multigrain porridge will be especially useful for children.
After a year, you can gradually add semolina and millet porridge to the child's menu, but semolina should be given infrequently - it is very high in calories. Porridge is usually served for breakfast and their quantity is no more than 200-250 ml. The volume of the side dish for main courses should be about 100-150g.
Bread, pasta
Children of the field of the year can be offered bread made from white and rye flour, while white bread can be given up to 40 g, and rye bread no more than 10 g. White bread is digested better, an excess of rye bread can lead to bloating of the crumbs.
In the diet of children under one and a half years old, you can include baby vermicelli, spider web or egg noodles. The amount of pasta should not exceed 100g per day.
Vegetables and fruits
In the diet of children under one and a half years old, vegetables and fruits must be present without fail daily. They are a source of vitamins and minerals, pectins, fruit acids and sugars, as well as plant fiber to stimulate digestion. Vegetables and fruits are applicable both thermally processed (boiled, steamed, baked) and fresh.
Vegetables
The daily volume of vegetables and fruits should be up to 300-400 g, of which vegetables should be at least half of the volume.
| Can | Undesirable |
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|
Fruits
The range of fruits expands significantly after a year, but it is worth introducing local fruits according to the season and initially in small quantities, monitoring the reactions.
- Up to two years old, he is wary of strawberries and exotic fruits (citrus fruits, kiwi, etc.). The amount of these fruits should not exceed 100g.
- Berries of gooseberries, currants, raspberries, cranberries and others will be useful after a year. Shaped.
- It is worth giving up the use of grapes for at least two years, it leads to fermentation in the stomach and can give digestive upset.
Sweets
Until the age of three, you should not pamper children with chocolate, confectionery, sweets because of the glucose load of the pancreas, an excess of chemicals in these products, excess calories and the risk of dental caries. Also, do not use cream cakes, pastries and shortbread cookies. From confectionery, you can give marshmallows, marshmallows and marmalade.
Do not encourage the baby's cravings for sweets: it is not uncommon for parents to encourage their toddler to finish eating vegetables or meat and promise candy as a reward. The substitution of taste values happens very quickly and the child will soon give preference to sweets instead of healthy food.
It is worth giving up sugar in the diet of children as much as possible, replacing it with honey (in the absence of allergies) or sweet fruits. Yes, of course, sweets are good for the brain, they are a source of fast carbohydrates and pleasure for children, but you should think about the long-term consequences of inappropriate sugar intake.
- When consuming sweets, glucose is actively and quickly absorbed into the blood from the intestines, increasing its concentration two to three times. Such sharp fluctuations in blood glucose levels lead to stress in the work of the pancreas in the production of insulin. Glucose is actively utilized in the tissue, where it is processed into fats, which leads to excess weight and metabolic shifts, which further adjust the body to work in an "emergency" mode.
- From early childhood, a propensity for atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity is programmed.
- In addition, according to recent studies, an excess of sugar in food leads to a decrease in immunity, the elimination of useful microelements from the body - chromium, magnesium and copper.
- Also, sugar provokes the formation of allergies in the body of children with skin, intestinal and pulmonary symptoms.
Do not forget about the potential harm of sugar to teeth, especially milk teeth. Sweets, namely sugar, will be one of the main reasons for the formation of tooth decay in a child. Due to the anatomical and physiological features of milk teeth - delicate thin enamel, the absence of perfect defense mechanisms, caries acquires a lightning-fast course, and complications develop rapidly: of an inflammatory nature (pulpitis, periodontitis), as a result of which premature tooth extraction often occurs - pathology of the bite.
Caries is an infectious process, and some streptococci will be the main pathogens. The nutrient medium and habitat of which will be dental plaque. Sugars and sweets, especially sticky ones (cookies with a high content of margarine, "chupa-chups") create a sticky layer on the surface of the teeth, which is difficult to clean off and remains on the teeth for a long time. These conditions ensure the development of caries and its consequences.
In addition, carious teeth are permanent sources of infection, and can cause the development of tonsillitis, infectious diseases of the kidneys and other internal organs.
Our ancestors, who did not use sugar, but used honey and fruits as sweets, were much healthier than us. This suggests that from an early age it is worth controlling sugar consumption by limiting it or replacing it with more healthy natural products. And even more so, you should not give children drinks satiated with sugar (carbonated sugary drinks, cola, pepsi, store juices), and even more so, allow them to gnaw lump sugar.
Today, it is extremely difficult to control the consumption of refined sugar by family members, since it is found in many ready-made products on supermarket shelves and how much it is in a particular product is difficult to calculate. But it is worth cutting down on sugar consumption at least when cooking at home.
Let us repeat that ideally you should not give sweets to a child UNDER 3 YEARS OLD. If it doesn't work, at least limit its consumption to 4-5 teaspoons per day, taking into account sweet foods.
Sample menu for one day for a child 1.5 years old
- First breakfast: oatmeal with banana, white bun with butter, tea / milk
- Second breakfast: banana, apple juice, drying
- Lunch: cucumber salad with tomato and olive oil, vegetarian borscht, vegetable stew with steamed veal cutlet,
- Afternoon snack: cottage cheese casserole with apple, yogurt
- Dinner: mashed cauliflower and potatoes, kefir, cookies, apple.
It should be noted that the norms below are only an approximate amount that a child at this age can eat on average. But, for example, fragile, slender girls (little ones) eat much less boys, so if your baby eats less food, this is normal, do not panic. Each child is different and weight gain depends on the size and height of the child. To control the normal weight gain of the baby, you can use (boys and girls up to 115 cm) in our other article.
| Eating | Composition of the dish | Quantity |
| Breakfast |
Vegetable dish, porridge Curd, fish, meat dish, omelet Salad or fruit Drink: compote, lightly brewed tea, freshly squeezed diluted juice, milk (but not recommended) |
|
| Lunch |
Fruit, biscuits, bun Yogurt, curd, kefir, juice |
|
| Dinner |
Snack or vegetable salad First course (soup, cabbage soup, borscht in vegetable broth) Second course of poultry, fish or meat |
|
| Afternoon snack |
Yogurt, kefir, juice, compote Cottage cheese, cereal, vegetable dish Baking, biscuits, drying Fruits, berries |
|
| Dinner |
Curd, vegetable dish, porridge Kefir, yogurt |
126 comments
Views: 83 062Parents are unlikely to be able to ignore the question of what vegetables can be given to a child. After all, nutritionists and pediatricians are advised to start transferring babies to the "adult table" from them. Moreover, usually (but not necessarily) vegetables are introduced to children under one year old at about 6 months. Then, when the crumb is ready for taste discoveries, even when it comes to unleavened zucchini. Moreover, the "freshness" is even better than, for example, the sweetness of fruits. Having tasted the latter, the little one will definitely not want to try leaner, sugar-free (albeit very healthy) food. By the way, this is why the child often does not eat vegetables. But we'll talk about this a little later.
So, vegetable complementary foods are one of the best options for introducing a baby to what mom and dad eat. In addition, it is better balanced in organic acids and mineral salts than even cereals. It is also packed with nutrients and healthy plant fibers.
Therefore, vegetables must be given to children under one year old. But it is important to follow the sequence here.
In the first rows there are zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi.
Later, you can give mashed potatoes from carrots, pumpkin, potatoes.
Then - peas and green beans.
If your baby's age is up to a year, and he is interested in corn, limit yourself to canned corn: fresh and freshly frozen has an overly hard shell.
Mixed vegetable dishes for children are made from about 10 months.
But beets, white cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes and eggplants do not need to be given for up to a year - the stomach is unlikely to "cope" with these products.
Of course, everything you treat your little son or daughter with must be fresh and natural. And you can be 100% sure only for your own beds. As for store goods, unfortunately, there may be substances that are far from safe for a growing organism.
Vegetable dishes for children
For complementary foods, there is a simple and common rule for all products: adult food should resemble a familiar baby's toddler. Therefore, what has grown in the garden should be thoroughly rubbed, thus softening rather tough plant fibers.Complementary foods are cooled in the refrigerator, and not in natural conditions, as some mothers and grandmothers like to do for some reason. Accelerated "freezing" will ensure the rapid passage of the critical temperature (5–65 degrees), which provides the best conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria.
The very same shelf life of the dish reaches 4 days. But it should be reheated in portions, not whole.
And the second important rule: if you have already warmed up the vegetable puree, it is no longer possible to return it to the “cold place”. Likewise, if we heat up.
By the way, a full-fledged freezer in the house should be mandatory. Indeed, when frozen, vitamins and nutrients are retained in food.
But the increased temperature on the composition does not work in the best way. When cooked, vitamins C and B group are destroyed. But fiber and fat-soluble vitamins (beta-carotene and others) remain.
Why isn't the child eating vegetables?
You should not blame yourself for the finickyness of your child. Often, the allegedly poor appetite is the fault of parents who violate the principles of introducing complementary foods.
For example, the first vegetable dishes should be lean and one-component (you will have time with the notorious "variety"!) And for better digestibility, you can add a little oil (sunflower, corn, olive or flaxseed) to the food.
Also, often mothers are faced with a situation when the child does not eat vegetable puree from a can of a particular company. Here, as they say, you should trust the tastes of the crumbs. Offer him a second food company, if necessary - a third, fourth. That is, you cannot buy a lot of baby food at once (suddenly it will not work!)
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As for stereotypes about which food is better - canned or cooked on your own, here the main argument is not even related to the food itself. The main thing is for mommy to be full of strength and energy, not to feel like a “driven horse”.
And even if the baby does not eat any particular product, this does not mean that you can follow his lead and add sugar, salt to the dish (there is also a separate article that tells), spices. Only water! And thanks to the strict control of food workers by special authorities, you can not worry about the quality of purchased cereals and mixtures.
site 2017-06-18
When the baby is 1 year old, breast milk should still be included in his menu, if possible, at least once a day or at night. It contains antibodies that help fight infectious diseases, and in the second year of life, the mother's breast plays a role not so much "nourishing" as protecting: the baby feels a sense of peace and security. The mother will produce exactly the amount that the baby needs, because breast milk perfectly adapts to his needs, including its unique nutritional and protective properties, so it is impossible to overeat.
Feeding with milk formulas, if the child was bottle-fed plus complementary foods for up to a year, should be slowly completed, since the mixture does not have such useful characteristics as breast milk. Most often, pediatricians recommend including a mixture in the child's menu at 1 year old a maximum of 1-2 times a day: in the morning and at night, strictly observing the rate indicated on the package for this age.
What dairy products can a child eat at 1 year old
Dairy products are rich in proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, therefore they are simply necessary for a child. The introduction of boiled cow's milk into the menu in 1 year is an individual decision made by the mother with the participation of the pediatrician and in the absence of the child's allergy to cow's milk protein. Many pediatricians, due to the risk of such an allergy, advise trying whole milk only after 2 years, and before that age they advise giving the mixture once a day.
About kefir
The Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences recommends introducing kefir just at the age of 1 year, or at least not earlier than the child is 9-10 months old and in a volume not exceeding 150-200 ml per day. Kefir has a high acidity, so consumption in large doses at an early age can lead to microscopic hemorrhages in the intestines, a decrease in hemoglobin levels. So, kefir from 1 year to 200 ml per day (no more) improves the functioning of the baby's heart and blood vessels, calms the nervous system, activates the kidneys and intestines, increases immunity, thanks to the lactic acid and bifidobacteria contained in it.
About yoghurt
Yoghurts are made on the ferment of Bulgarian bacillus and thermophilic streptococcus, in other words, on lactic acid cultures, which give yoghurts a unique taste and usefulness. But only live yoghurts that have not been heat treated are useful. How to find out: the maximum shelf life is 30 days at temperatures from +2 to +8 degrees, they contain minerals, vitamins and bacteria. Long-term storage yoghurts do not contain bacteria, but they are replete with preservatives and aromatic additives, due to which they can lie in their original form for up to 3 months without a refrigerator.
A 1-year-old child's menu should include "live" milk (not creamy!) Yoghurt, produced by a special baby food company. This yoghurt has a shelf life of only a few days and is low in carbohydrates and fats.
About cottage cheese
The consumption rate of cottage cheese in 1 year is 50 grams per day. Cottage cheese is useful as a storehouse of protein and calcium, but the rate should not be exceeded, since excess protein can cause a decrease in appetite and, in rare cases, obesity.
After a day or two, you can give your child a small amount of sour cream, finely grated cheese or cream.
What cereals can a one-year-old child eat
Porridge contains carbohydrates, minerals, vegetable proteins, vitamins. The most useful in this regard are buckwheat and oatmeal, oatmeal and corn - a source of selenium. It is not recommended to give semolina often due to its high gluten content and low amount of vitamins and minerals. Rice porridge contains vitamins of group B and E, minerals, including potassium and calcium, so twice a week rice will not only contribute to satiety, but also normalize digestion in children whose stools are too frequent and liquid consistency. Wheat porridge is recommended conditionally due to the high content of gluten, to which cases of allergies are so frequent.
What fruits and vegetables can a child at 1 year old
About fruits
In the menu of a child at 1 year old, you can already gradually include oranges, apricots, kiwi, strawberries, ripe mango, but the main ones, of course, should remain apples, pears and bananas, which can be added to oatmeal or rice porridge. Fruits per day should not exceed 100 ml, plus juice - also no more than 100 ml. Seasonal berries are useful: lingonberries, cranberry jelly, currants, blackberries, cherries. Please note: berries with seeds should be wiped through a sieve and only the pulp should be given to the child, and do not forget to remove seeds from cherries and cherries beforehand! Compotes from raisins, prunes, apples, rose hips are useful and tasty. It is not recommended to give grapes to a child at 1 year old because of the risk of increased fermentation processes in the intestines, followed by gas formation and bloating.
About vegetables
The leaders are carrots, potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, boiled and mashed or cut into small pieces. From the new, you can enter legumes in the menu in small quantities: beans, green peas. But they should be given to a child at 1 GD strictly in small doses (they increase peristalsis) and carefully boiled. In order not to cook beans for 1.5 hours or longer, it is better to buy canned beans in tomato sauce. Just watch the composition carefully: it is ideal that only beans, salt, sugar, water are present and a small number of spices are allowed. Avoid beans and peas in cans of E-Supplements, Starch, and Uschus!
What meat and fish can be given to a one-year-old child
All meat dishes, be it crushed meat or meatballs, should be given only in the first half of the day so that they have time to be digested before bedtime. The child can be fed not only with pureed meat, but also made steam cutlets, meatballs, soup with meatballs. Leaders for this period: lean beef, veal, lean pork, chicken, beef tongue, if possible, rabbit and turkey.
What meat and meat products (including poultry) should not be given to a one-year-old child?
- fatty pork
- sausages
- sausages
- sausages
- waterfowl meat (ducks, geese)
- semi-finished products.
You should choose lean fish for the menu: pollock, cod, pike perch, sea bass. You can make steam cutlets, soufflés, stew with vegetables, or simply serve boiled fillets, pureed or in pieces. The main thing is to carefully remove all bones, including small ones, do not miss a single one! Caviar is rich in useful minerals, acids, but it should be given in small quantities (several eggs) and from a good manufacturer, since a child at 1 year old can cause severe allergies both the caviar itself and the preservatives in jars.
Is it possible for a baby to have eggs at 1 year old?
Chicken eggs are rich in proteins, amino acids, vitamins, micro and macronutrients, therefore it is recommended to include one egg per day in the child's menu at 1 year old, except for cases of individual intolerance to chicken protein. You can cook a boiled egg, steamed omelet. It is strictly forbidden to give your child raw eggs and partially boiled ones! It is also good to give quail eggs, but not often, about 1-2 times a week due to their high fat and cholesterol content (more than chicken eggs).
How to give your child butter?
Butter with a fat content of 82.5% (herbal additives are often in butter with a lower percentage) should be smeared on bread or added to cereals and vegetable purees immediately before use. As a result of heat treatment, it loses its beneficial properties. It is also possible in a small amount of vegetable oils: corn, olive, sunflower without preliminary steam treatment.
Also, the child's menu at 1 year old should include:
- white bread, not grain and not coarsely ground, since the last two are difficult to digest;
- natural, unflavored, weakly brewed tea;
- ordinary boiled water: as needed, including freely available after and between meals.
Preparing food for a one-year-old child
- Be sure to consider the following recommendations for preparing meals for your baby at 1 year old:
- all food from the menu should be adapted to the baby's ability to chew, bite, and assimilate: some children have 10 teeth per year, others 4, some digest well and recover twice a day, others require effort and regular drinking of prune compotes - consider individual characteristics of the child;
- all food must still be pureed or mashed through a fine sieve;
- in the absence of time to spin meat through a meat grinder and cooking steam cutlets, it is reasonable to buy ready-made baby food in specialized stores;
- expand the child's diet at the expense of products allowed for this age, let's try new tastes.
How much should a one-year-old child eat?
Feeding a child from a year to one and a half, basically five times a day, the allowable intervals are 3-4 hours. If the baby drinks boiled cow's milk, then the milk he has drunk in a volume of at least 250 ml can be considered a full-fledged feeding. The richest lunch, the lightest in terms of calories, is an afternoon snack. For a day, a child of 1 year (full) eats a volume of 1000-1200 ml, excluding water and tea.
Winter in our northern strip is long, characterized by a long absence of our own fresh vegetables and fruits. Vegetables and fruits are the main sources of four of the 13 known vitamins - C, folic acid, carotene, and some mineral salts (mainly potassium). A large role of vegetables and fruits is to maintain the health of the body due to biologically active phyto compounds (bioflavonoids, etc.), pectin, dietary fiber. Biologically active compounds neutralize foreign substances supplied with food, and pectins and dietary fiber promote the elimination of these substances from the body. How to solve the problem of obtaining all these irreplaceable components in winter?
Fresh vegetables and fruits
A large number of fresh vegetables, fruits, berries from different countries are in abundance on the shelves of our stores. When it gets cold, in other countries the season of fresh vegetables and fruits continues all year round. If you want strawberries, you want tomatoes, herbs, apples, pears - in winter, please. This, of course, is very helpful for moms to maintain their diet. baby as varied as in summer. Of course, the transportation and storage of fruits and vegetables leads to the loss of some nutrients, vitamins (especially C). Another disadvantage of "winter" vegetables and fruits, with all the glossiness of their appearance, is that they do not have the unique aroma and taste, and in some cases the benefits that summer ones have. In addition, in order for vegetables and fruits to retain their attractive appearance, they are treated with preservatives. Therefore, it is important to especially thoroughly wash the gifts of nature with warm water.
Fruits
- Oranges, tangerines- are winter fruits for us. In the countries of their growth (Georgia, Armenia, Turkey, Spain), the ripeness season for them comes just in time for our new year. Therefore, they are the most valuable during this period. But in the summer they, on the contrary, become last year. Among the well-known advantages of citrus fruits, in addition to the high content of vitamin C, there is one more, orange contains a bioflavonoid - inositol, which has a beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system, improves bowel function. Freshly squeezed juices are prepared from citrus fruits, but you need to drink them within 10-15 minutes, because vitamin C is quickly destroyed. A big disadvantage of citrus fruits is their high allergenicity, they are excluded from the diet of children with allergies. Due to the content of essential oils that stimulate digestive activity, their use is not recommended during exacerbation of diseases of the digestive system.
- Bananas- also firmly entrenched in the diet of babies, they are available to us all year round. Although they are inferior to citrus fruits in terms of vitamin C content, they are still a source of it, as well as carotene and potassium. Bananas are allergenic and should be limited in children with allergies. Do not use if you have a tendency to overweight.
- Persimmon- is also a source of vitamin C, but along with this it also has a very sweet taste and is not recommended for overweight children. Caution should be given to children with allergies.
Vegetables
- Of course, this is the most popular for our country - potato- will serve as a source, do not be surprised, of vitamin C. Potatoes are not the leader in the content of this vitamin, but, given the large volumes of its consumption, it makes a significant contribution to providing the body with ascorbic acid. It also contains a lot of potassium.
- Cabbage- the most accessible white cabbage in winter. It is a source of vitamin C, bioflavonoids, a large amount of fiber. Sauerkraut- the record holder for the content of vitamin C. It can be offered to kid after 3 years ... In a small amount, in the form of a salad, 30-50 g. However, you should be aware that when sauerkraut, substances appear that may be allergenic to predisposed children - in the process of pickling, the cabbage undergoes fermentation, and fungal allergens appear in it.
- Carrot contains a large amount of carotene and fiber. Carotene is better absorbed from cooked carrots than from raw, carotene dissolved in oil is better absorbed by the body. It is not rich in vitamin C.
- Beet- good as a source of fiber, there are very few vitamins in it. It should also be remembered that both carrots and beets can cause allergies, so give to kid they should be used with caution.
- Onion garlic- at no other time do these vegetables acquire such importance as in winter. Due to their antimicrobial properties, they are indispensable during the seasonal climbs of colds. Their use is permitted from 8-9 months ... It is recommended to add onions and garlic when preparing soups or mashed potatoes, in chopped form. The amount is minimal so that their taste is not felt in the dish. Such principles are observed in children. up to 3 years . After 3 years it is possible to add raw onions to salads, and a small amount of chopped garlic, for example, in soup after it has been cooked.
Homemade preparations
Homemade preparations are traditional in our country, which preserve nutrients for us for the winter. When preparing certain canned foods, of course, a certain amount of vitamins is also lost, of which vitamin C is the most vulnerable ... Carotene is more stable. Most of the macro- and microelements (iron, calcium, potassium, etc.) remain, which, like vitamins, are necessary for the proper growth and development of your baby. Pectin in fruit and dietary fiber in vegetable preparations is also important. However, not all homework can be offered to babies. Almost any fruit preparations can be used after a year, for the preparation of compotes, jelly, fruit purees and other delicious dishes. It is more difficult with vegetables, they mostly contain vinegar and salt in various concentrations, depending on the recipe. Such blanks can be offered to children no earlier than 3 years old. And only as a salad or a pre-dinner snack. You can start with squash, eggplant caviar, which are traditionally used in baby food. From canned food of industrial production, after three years, you can take note of canned peas, corn, beans.
Frozen vegetables and fruits
For baby food frozen fruits and vegetables can be used. It is good if you prepared them yourself in advance, but you can use frozen industrial products. Moreover, this method of preserving all useful substances today has no competitors. Just remember that you need to defrost vegetables and fruits as quickly as possible. You can use the microwave to do this. A very varied menu can be made from these products. Starting from using them in salads (vegetable or fruit), adding them to soup, and as an independent dish - stews. If you are adding frozen foods to your soup, you should do so shortly before cooking ends. It should be noted that frozen vegetables are sold already blanched, so it takes 15-20 minutes to cook them.
Honey
During this period, a product such as honey is of great importance (in the absence of allergies). Much has been written about this healing product. It is taken for colds, coughs and a number of other ailments. It should only be reminded that honey retains its beneficial properties only when consumed with warm water (30-40 degrees C). In hot water, useful substances (vitamins, enzymes) of honey are destroyed. But this product has strong allergenic properties. Children with allergic manifestations that have arisen earlier when using other products are excluded from honey! In nutrition baby non-allergic, honey may already be present from 6 months , but only in the composition of industrial cereals, in them after special processing it is the least allergenic. Natural honey can be introduced after a year, starting with a quarter of a teaspoon, in the absence of baby allergies! Baby up to 3 years it is enough to give from half to 1 teaspoon a day, after 3 years - 1-2 teaspoons. Overall winter nutrition should be normal in terms of calorie content (i.e., the calorie content remains the same as in summer) and the content of all food groups, which also does not differ from summer foods. In order for your baby's diet to be balanced, it is recommended to include the following foods in it:
An approximate set of products for baby after a year
- Milk (dairy products - kefir, fermented baked milk, kefir, yogurt) - 500-600 ml per day.
- Cottage cheese 50 g, cheese - 3-10 g per day
- Low-fat sour cream 10-15 g per day
- Butter - 20 * -30 g ** per day
- Vegetable 5 * -10g ** per day
- Meat, poultry - 1-2 portions per day, 60 * -100g ** (5-6 times a week) Liver, other offal - 1 portion per week 60 * -100 g **
- Fish - 1-2 servings per week 70-100 g Various vegetables - 1-2 servings per day -150-250 g **
- Potatoes - 145-200 g
- Salad - 1 portion per day 40-60 g
- Cereals, pasta -50-80 g
- Eggs - 1 a day 2-3 times a week 1 a day 5-7 times a week, 1-2 eggs a week in an omelette, the rest in dishes - cheese cakes, casseroles, etc.
- Sweets 1 portion a day (confectionery) - 10-15 g
- Fruit, vegetable juice - 1 portion per day - 150-200 g
- Wheat bread 65-100g
- Rye bread 15-50g
- Fresh fruits (canned, frozen) - 1-2 portions per day 100 * - 200 g **
- Dried fruits - 10–20 g per day (mainly used for compotes).
It should be noted that this is a desirable set, but not required. If child does not eat, cottage cheese 50 g per day, you can cook cheese cakes or casseroles once a week. And so with any product, because each baby and each family has its own eating habits.
Sample menu
Now let's see how to distribute these foods throughout the day. Let's start with lunch, because it bears the main burden in terms of calorie content and volume of the entire daily diet. For lunch to kid it is recommended to give a snack, in the form of a salad of frozen vegetables, or home-canned vegetables. After the appetizer - the first course - soup, borscht, cabbage soup, etc. of your choice. Up to 3 years prepare vegetarian soups, then - in meat or fish broth. Then a full-fledged high-calorie meat or fish dish with porridge or vegetables as a side dish. For dessert baby you can offer home-made canned compote (either from frozen fruits, berries, or dried fruits), jelly, or juice, or fresh fruit. Compotes with black currant included are very useful, as an important source of vitamin C. For a balanced intake of various vitamins, part of the serving of vegetables should be brightly colored vegetables, as sources of carotene are carrots, beets, tomatoes, pumpkin, etc. And part of the serving of fruits is fruits rich in vitamin C - citrus fruits, kiwi. Fruit can be replaced with berries (in any form) rich in vitamin C or rosehip decoction. For breakfast, as well as for dinner, babies can be given various cereal dishes, paying attention to the variety of cereals used. Milk porridge is good for breakfast. Moreover, if y baby a good appetite can be offered for breakfast with meat dishes, or fish in combination with a side dish. And for dinner, you can cook cereals with vegetables, fruits (such as pilaf with dried fruits). Porridge (both for breakfast and for dinner) should be alternated with cottage cheese dishes (in combination with carrots, apples, dried fruits, honey), and eggs (omelet). For an afternoon snack, the baby receives a fermented milk drink, or milk in combination with baked goods. It is good to include fruits or berries.
Sample winter menu baby 1-7 years (in grams)
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The last thing I would like to write about is the diet. baby for various reasons, it does not always correspond to the set of products that is recommended .. Therefore, it is advisable for children to take vitamin-mineral complexes for preventive purposes. What drugs and what course the doctor should advise on an individual basis. In winter, taking these drugs becomes especially relevant, due to the greater need for vitamins during colds.
Blanching is a quick treatment with boiling water for any food product.
If you have even the slightest doubt about the benefits of the gifts of nature, read the article: it will once again help dispel doubts. And today we will talk about what vegetables can be given to a child, because there is a long winter ahead and their choice will be a little limited. And vitamins with minerals in "winter" vegetables are much less, so you need to know which ones will be most useful.
Potato... The first association that arises in the head of most people is starch. But is that all? Potatoes also contain vitamins C, PP, K, B group, and potassium. Moreover, for diseases such as joint problems, the doctor may recommend adhering to a potato diet. In addition, the root vegetable helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system and normalize the acid-base balance.
Carrot... In winter, it becomes an irreplaceable source of vitamin A, which is extremely important for the full development of vision. By the way, it also stimulates growth in children. In addition, it is recommended to eat carrots to establish the full functioning of the liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system, as well as to improve the condition of the skin and mucous membranes.
Beet... Contains acids and proteins important for a growing organism. True, there are few vitamins in it, but this is more than compensated for by minerals: potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, iodine and zinc. It has a positive effect on metabolism, blood formation and bowel function.
Onion... It is rightfully considered a medicinal product. Provides the body with a complex of sugars, enzymes, essential oils, calcium and phosphorus salts, insulin, flavonoids, as well as vitamins A, C, group B. Let us remind once again that onions have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes and fungi, and contribute.
Cabbage... A distinctive feature of this vegetable is the ability to retain vitamin C for a long time (approximately 7-8 months with virtually no loss). If you want your child to get more potassium, phosphorus and iron, then give preference to Brussels sprouts. White cabbage will be a good source of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur. And broccoli has no equal in the content of calcium and B vitamins. Let us also recall that cabbage is useful for the full functioning of the nervous system and proper metabolism.
Pumpkin... Contains a lot of copper, iron and phosphorus salts, but this is not the main thing. Pumpkin is one of those rare vegetables that contain vitamin D. Due to its special composition, it is extremely useful for strengthening bones and forming teeth, as well as improving liver function. Interestingly, even weakened children can easily digest pumpkin dishes, making this vegetable ideal for organizing therapeutic or preventive nutrition.