Questionnaire by Yu.E. Aleshina. Oms - Psychological diagnostics

The purpose of the technique
The methodology is designed to study the attitudes of spouses in the most significant spheres of human life in family interaction, to determine the degree of social and psychological compatibility of partners in marriage.
Description of the method
When creating the questionnaire, the authors were guided by the ideas about which attitudes of a person can have the strongest influence on his intra-family relations.
The technique consists of 40 judgments expressing one or another position on ten different ones that are significant for people, spheres: 1) attitude towards people; 2) the alternative between a sense of duty and pleasure; 3) attitude towards children; 4) attitude towards the autonomy or dependence of the spouses; 5) attitude towards divorce; 6) attitude to love of the romantic type; 7) assessment of the importance of the sexual sphere in family life; 8) attitude towards the "forbiddenness of sex"; 9) attitude towards patriarchal or egalitarian family structure; 10) attitude towards money.
Respondents should rate their degree of agreement with each of the statements.
_____________________
1. Aleshina Yu.E., Gozman L.Ya.,. E. M. Dubovskaya Socio-psychological methods of researching marital relations. (Special workshop on social psychology). - M .: Publishing house of Moscow. University, 1987.S. 78 - 90.

Instructions:"We ask you to assess the degree of your agreement with the judgments below, expressing one or another position of a person in life. No, and there cannot be, right or wrong answers, it is important that the chosen option most fully reflects your personal point of view."

Questionnaire text

1. I think that many people are left indifferent by the troubles of others:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
2. Most people are busy only with themselves, and they have little interest in what is happening around:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
3. I am confident that there are certain moral principles that should be followed in all circumstances:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
4. People do bad deeds most often not of their own free will, but through the fault of circumstances:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
5. Whatever a person does, the main thing is that he gets pleasure from it:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
6. I believe that even strangers willingly help each other, not to mention close people:
1) yes its so
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
7. I think that whenever possible you should avoid doing what you dislike:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
8. To be happy, you must first of all fulfill your responsibilities to other people:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
9. The only thing that gives meaning to human life is children:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
10. I think that spouses should tell each other about everything that worries them:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
11. A family without children is a defective family:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
12. I think that in a good family, spouses should share different hobbies and interests of each other:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
13. The more children in the family, the better:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
14. Being a constant witness of parental quarrels for a child is much more difficult than staying with one of the parents after a divorce:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, regardless of the parental relationship, it is better for a child to live with a father and mother
15. In a good family, spouses should always spend their free time together:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) I think that free time should be spent separately
16. The joy that the child gives to his parents does not compensate for all that they are deprived of because of him:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, a child in the life of a family can replace everything
17. I believe that true love happens once in a lifetime:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, you can love several times in your life
18. Often people get divorced without using all the opportunities to improve relationships:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
19. When people love each other, then nothing really pleases them if there is no loved one nearby:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, love does not mean that nothing else pleases
20. I think that mutual respect and love of spouses for each other is often more important than sexual harmony between them:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
21. Divorce, in my opinion, gives a person the opportunity, in the end, to find such a companion, life, that he needs:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, the possibility of divorce only interferes with this
22. I believe that if a loved one has any shortcomings, then you need to strive to correct them, and not close your eyes to them:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, if you really love a person, then you love both his merits and his shortcomings
23. There has been a lot of talk about sexual problems lately:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
24. I think that the availability of divorce has led to the collapse of many marriages that could have been successful if divorce was not possible:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, the possibility of divorce helps to maintain a successful marriage and provides a means to correct the mistake
25. I believe that all family problems are easily solvable if physical intimacy brings real satisfaction to both:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
26. If people love each other, then they try to spend every free minute together?
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, I think that just because people love each other doesn't mean they want to be together all the time
27. In my opinion, it is better for spouses to discuss issues related to physical intimacy as little as possible:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
28, I think that the importance of sexual harmony in family life is usually exaggerated:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
29. I believe that family relations depend only on how the sexual relations of the spouses develop:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
30. Sex can be as much a topic of conversation between spouses as any other:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
31. I think that you should not contact a specialist about difficulties in your sex life:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, you need to contact
32 Modern women are less and less consistent with the true ideal of femininity:
1) yes it is hack
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
33. Both now and in the future, all the main responsibilities of a woman will be associated with the home, and men with work:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
34. For a modern woman, it is just as important to have business qualities as it is for a man:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, for a man it is much more important
35. Both the wife and the husband should have a certain amount that everyone can spend as they see fit:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, all expenses should be discussed together
36. The professional success of the wife interferes with a happy family life:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
37. If you have money, then do not hesitate to buy or not buy the thing you like:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
38. I think that all expenses incurred should be recorded (eg recorded):
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, it is not
39. The family budget must be planned down to the smallest purchases:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) this is hardly the case
4) no, I think there is no need to plan a budget
40. I believe that it is necessary to make savings, even if at the same time you have to deny yourself something:
1) yes it is
2) it probably is
3) it hardly makes sense to make savings if funds are not enough
4) you should only make savings if you do not need to save for this

Processing and interpretation of results
All judgments are grouped into 10 setting scales:
1 scale: attitude towards people (positive attitude towards people): judgments 1, 2, 4,6;
2 scale: the alternative between a sense of duty and pleasure: judgments 3, 5, 7, 8;
3 scale: attitude towards children (the value of children in human life): judgments 9, 11, 13, 16;
4 scale: orientation towards predominantly joint or predominantly separate activities, the autonomy of the spouses or the dependence of the spouses on each other: judgments 10, 12, 15, 35;
5 scale: attitude to divorce: judgments No. 14, 18, 21, 24;
6 scale: attitude to love of the romantic type: judgments 17, 19, 22, 26;
7 scale: assessment of the importance of the sexual sphere in family life: judgments 20, 25, 28,29;
8 scale: attitude to "the forbiddenness of sex" (the idea of ​​the forbiddenness of the sexual theme): judgments No. 23, 27, 30, 31;
9 scale: attitude to the patriarchal or egalitarian structure of the family (orientation towards traditional ideas): judgments No. 32, 33; 34, 36;
10 scale: attitude to money (ease of spending - thrift): judgments No. 37, 38, 39, 40.
For each scale, the arithmetic mean of four responses is calculated; the following meanings are assigned to the alternatives: 4 ("yes, that is so"); 3 ("probably so"); 2 ("this is unlikely to be so"); 1 ("no, it is not so"), i.e. processing according to scales is carried out as follows:
1 scale(-1-3 + 4 + 6): 4 - the higher the score, the more optimistic the respondent has about people in general;
2 scale(3-5-7 + 8): 4 - the higher the score, the more pronounced the respondent's orientation towards debt in comparison with pleasure;
3 scale(9 + 11 + 13-16): 4 - the higher the score, the more significant the respondent thinks the role of children in human life is;
4 scale(10 + 12 + 16-35): 4 - the higher the score, the more pronounced the respondent's orientation towards joint activities of spouses in all spheres of family life;
5 scale(-14 + 18-21 + 24): 4 - the higher the score, the less loyal the respondent's attitude to divorce; "
6 scale(17 + 19 + 22 + 26): 4 - the higher the score, the more pronounced the orientation towards traditionally imagined romantic love;
7 scale ( 20-25 + 28-29): 4 - the higher the score, the less significant is the sexual sphere in family life;
8 scale(23 + 27-30 + 31): 4 - the higher the score, the more forbidden the sexual topic seems to the respondent;
9 jackal(-32-33 + 34-36): 4 - the higher the score, the less traditional the respondent's idea of ​​the role of women;
10 scale(-37 + 38-39 + 40): 4 - the higher the score, the more thrifty attitude of the respondent to money, the lower - the easier he considers it possible to spend it.
The technique meets the psychometric criteria of validity and reliability.
The questionnaire can be used to study various family problems in the context of scientific research. At the same time, the technique can also perform a diagnostic function during corrective work with a couple.

5.2.3. UNFINISHED PROPOSALS METHOD
(author's version of Saks - Sidney1 modified by T.A. Zayeko)

The incomplete sentence method is projective. It is based on the position that, responding to the initial ambiguous and indefinite stimulus, the individual gives information concerning his own personality, that is, he projects himself into his answers. Thus, the method allows one to identify both conscious and unconscious attitudes of a person. It is quite simple in terms of implementation technique and, at the same time, flexible and easily adaptable for various specific purposes.
The most famous is the Saks-Sidney version, adapted in the laboratory by medical psychologists of the Leningrad Research Institute of Psychoneurology. V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis. It consists of 64 unfinished sentences. They are divided into 16 groups of 4 sentences; each of these groups corresponds to a certain sphere of a person's relationship - to himself, to other people, etc.
The proposed version of the methodology is a modification of the Saks-Sidney version.
The purpose of the technique: study of the system of personal relations of spouses, their family attitudes. _____________________
1. Practical psychodiagnostics. Techniques and tests. Tutorial. - Samara: Publishing house "BAHRAKH", 1998.
Description of the method
The methodology consists of 64 sentences, which can be divided into 16 thematic groups (4 sentences in each): attitude towards the family as such, attitude towards one's own family, the position of the individual in the family structure, attitude towards a partner, attitude towards oneself, attitude towards children (parental attitudes), attitude towards romantic love, attitude towards sex, attitude towards divorce, attitude towards conflicts, domination and responsibility in the family, rights and responsibilities of spouses, attitude towards rest and leisure, attitude towards the parental family, attitude towards the mother, attitude to my father.
The proposed version of the methodology from the original version of Saks-Sidney included the following groups of proposals unchanged:
· Attitude towards the mother;
· Attitude towards the father;
· Attitude towards the family;
· Attitude to sexual life (sentences "Married life seems to me ...", "When I see a woman with a man ...").
As in the Saks-Sidney variant in our proposed modification of the methodology, the first, the initial part of the sentence indicates the sphere or object of the relationship; completing it, the subject expresses the attitude he has in his answer.
Procedure for carrying out the technique
The technique can be carried out in oral and written forms. When carrying out the methodology in writing, the initial parts of the proposals can be presented either on special forms or on separate cards. In the written version, the subject receives a sheet of paper and a pen or a ready-made form with unfinished sentences. When using the card or oral version of the presentation of the beginning of sentences, the subject writes on a sheet of paper only the final part of the sentence - his answer; when using the form - the answer is written directly on the form under the appropriate beginning of the sentence.
In the oral version of the study, the answers of the subject are recorded either in writing by the experimenter or with the help of a tape recorder.
Testing (without processing) takes from 20 minutes to several hours (depending on the personality of the subject).
Instructions:"Here is a list of unfinished sentences. You are invited to complete each sentence with one or more words, enclosing content characteristic of you. Do the work as quickly as possible. Complete the beginning of a sentence without hesitation, the first thing that comes to mind.
After reading each sentence, give it an Emotional Score using the following rating scale:
"+2" - the maximum, clearly expressed, strongly positive attitude towards the object or subject referred to in the sentence;
"+1" is a positive attitude;
"0" - neutral attitude to what is being discussed, lack of expression of any emotions;
"-1" - negative ratio;
"-2" - the maximum, clearly expressed, strongly negative attitude towards the object or subject referred to in the sentence. "

1. Family is ...
2. My husband (wife) ...
3. Romantic love is ...
4. When I see a woman with a man ...
5. I believe that the headship of the family should belong to ...
6. In my family I ...
7. I can trust my husband (wife) ...
8. Most important in family life ...
9. When I was a child my family ...
10. Family conflict is ...
11. As a rule, my husband (wife) and I have a rest ...
12. I ...
13. My mother ...
14. In a family, a wife has the right ...
15. My husband (wife) and I ...
16. I love my husband (my wife), but ...
17. Divorce is ...
18. I think my father rarely ...
19. I do not like the fact that I ...
20. I would like my child ...
21. I get angry when my husband (wife) ...
22. To love means ...
23. My family treats me like ...
24. I believe that the responsibility for the family ...
25. The duties of a wife include ...
26. Married life seems to me ...
27. In my free time, I love ...
28. Children are ...
29. I believe that most mothers ...
30. If I were in the place of my parents, I would ...
31. The husband's duties include ...
32. If my father only wanted to ...
33. Divorce usually occurs when ...
34. In family life, romantic love ...
35. My family is led by ...
36. I would like to ...
37. I could (could) scold my child for ...
38. Most of the families I know ...
39. It suits me in my family ...
40. I believe that premarital sex ...
41. He (she) gets angry when I ...
42. I appreciate my husband (my wife) for the fact that ...
43. In his free time, my husband (my wife) loves ...
44. In my parental family, the headship belonged to ...
45. I would not forgive (forgive) my husband (wife) ...
46. ​​I love my mother, but ...
47. I would like my family to treat me ...
48. I think that my father ...
49. In a family, a husband has the right to ...
50. Compared to most other families, my family ...
51. In my family, I don't like ...
52. The head of the family must ...
53. Most often in my family, disagreements arise over ...
54. From my point of view, an ideal husband is ...
55. I could praise my child for ...
56. From my point of view, an ideal wife is ...
57. Now I think that my parental family ...
58. My mother and I ...
59. I would like that in my free time ...
60. I would like my father to ...
61. I think that sexual relations in our family ...
62. My family gives me the opportunity ...
63. When a family falls apart ...
64. Emotional relationships in my family ...

"Key":

P / p No.	Offer groups	# Of statements
1.	Family attitude	1, 8, 38, 50
2.	We are a family (relation to our own family)	7, 15, 39, 51
3.	The position of the individual in the family structure	6, 23, 47, 62
4.	Relationship to a partner	2, 16, 42, 54*
5.	Attitude to yourself	12, 19, 36, 56*
6.	Attitude towards children	20, 28, 37, 55
7.	Relationship to love romantic type	3, 22, 34, 64
8.	Attitude towards sex	4, 26, 40, 61
9.	Attitude towards divorce	17, 33, 45, 63
10.	Relationship to conflicts	10, 21, 41, 53
11.	Leadership and responsibility in the family	5, 24, 35, 52
12.	The rights and obligations of the spouses	14, 25, 31, 49
13.	Attitude to rest, leisure	11, 27, 43, 59
14.	Relationship to the parental family	9, 30, 44, 57
15.	Relationship to mother	13, 29, 46, 58
16.	Relationship to father	18, 32, 48, 60

Note: 54 * and 56 * - a variant of the distribution of proposals into groups when the spouse completes the task. When the husband completes the task, sentences 54 * and 56 * are distributed as follows: sentence 54 * will be included in the 5th group of sentences (attitude towards oneself), and 56 * -th sentences will be included in the 4th group of sentences (attitude towards the partner ).

Data processing and interpretation
After the subjects have completed the task, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative study of the completed sentences by thematic groups using content analysis and quantitative analysis. A qualitative analysis is carried out separately for each thematic group of proposals. In quantitative analysis, as a rule, the attitude expressed by the subject in response to the subject or object named in the first part of the sentence is assessed. There are 3 types of relationship:
1. Neutral, assessed as "0";
2. Positive, assessed as "+";
3. Negative, evaluated as "-".
Inside (2) and (3) additional gradations are possible (see instructions). For example, the beginning of a sentence is as follows:
"Compared to most other families, my family ..."
Completion options:
1. "bad", "unfriendly", "unhappy", "disintegrated" - "-2"
2. "not very good", "nervous", "less friendly" - "-1"
3. "not worse and not better", "the same" - "0".
The quantitative indicator is calculated for each area separately in the form of an overall total assessment of each of the 4 proposals included in it. Its value ranges from "+8" to "-8", it can be zero. There are 16 such indicators in total, in accordance with the number of spheres.
As a result of testing, areas are determined in which positive attitudes prevail (positive experience, positive perception, positive expectations), and areas in which attitudes close to negative or negative (negative experience, negative perception, negative expectations) prevail.

6. STUDYING CONFLICT INTERACTIONS IN THE FAMILY

6.1. SPOUSES 'RESPONSES TO CONFLICT QUESTIONNAIRE
(A. S. Kocharyan, G. S. Kocharyan, A. V. Kirichuk) 1

The purpose of the technique
The technique allows to diagnose the spouses' perception and understanding of each other and the conflict situation, as well as individual-specific protective patterns of the spouses.
Description of the method
The questionnaire consists of 89 statements that “work” on 8 scales: non-constructive attitudes toward marriage, depression, protective mechanisms, defensive mechanisms, aggression, somatization of anxiety, fixation on psychotrauma, control scale. Most of the statements were formulated by the author, a number of statements were taken from MMPI, as well as from R. Nignevitsky's questionnaire on the diagnosis of personal rigidity (Zalevsky G.V., 1976).
Instructions:"The purpose of the questionnaire is to find out your views on certain family problems. You are offered a number of statements. If you agree with the statement, then put a" + "sign next to the corresponding statement number in the questionnaire; if you disagree, put a" - "sign. Avoid answers like “I’m at a loss to answer.” The questions are too short to contain all the necessary details. Therefore, imagine the typical situations that are common for you, without thinking about the details. Perhaps some statements will be difficult for you to relate to yourself, but try to imagine yourself in this situation and give the most appropriate answer.
Remember, there can be no “bad” or “good” answers. Don't try to make a favorable impression with your answers. We know it will be difficult for you, but try to answer as sincerely as possible.
Do not ponder the answer for a long time - let's get the first one that comes to mind. Don't miss anything, be sure to answer each question in a row. "

1. Kocharyan G.S., Kocharyan A.S. Psychotherapy for sexual dysfunctions and marital conflicts. M., 1994.

Method text

1. One cannot ignore the mood of the wife / husband.
2. I rarely feel guilty.
3. I often think about what my wife / husband expects from me: what words, deeds, etc.
4. Recently, I have often had pains.
5. After quarrels, I quickly come to my senses.
6. Lately, I often have the feeling that my head is tied with a hoop.
7. It never happened that I acted tactlessly in relation to the teacher.
8. It rarely happens that I blame my wife / husband for past mistakes.
9. I have no flaws.
10. I cannot quickly change the line of my behavior towards my wife / husband, depending on the requirements of the situation.
11. I almost never get involved in fights in public places (in line, bus, cinema, etc.).
12. Lately, my stomach has been troubling me a lot.
13. My acquaintances and friends began to annoy me, and I began to quarrel with them more often.
14. It is better to resort to deception or silence than to make a radical decision on family problems.
15. I am often unpleasant to myself.
16. For the evil that my wife / husband does to me, I pay her / him the same.
17. Never been late for work or school.
18. At times I just want to swear.
19. My / my wife / husband has practically no merit.
20. My wife / husband often deliberately wants to offend me.
21. I usually very carefully, in detail, think over the current family situation.
22. If family life does not work out, then it is better to divorce immediately.
23. Everything is in order in our family and I don’t understand why my wife / husband is unhappy.
24. I rarely have a bad mood.
25. When my wife / husband insults me very much, I cannot forget it for a long time.
26. In general, I am not a bad person, but my wife / husband does not deserve a good attitude towards herself.
27. I often feel sorry for myself.
28. Recently, my health has not deteriorated.
29. I do not want to discuss my shortcomings with my wife / husband: she / he has enough of his own.
30. It almost never happens that I make fun of my wife / husband ironically, with sarcasm.
31. Usually I try not to think about the conflict with my wife / husband, I try not to notice her / him.
32. I am interested in many things, I am an inquisitive person.
33. Sometimes I have the feeling that I am no longer a participant in family quarrels and conflicts, I am, as it were, an observer of them.
34. No work (work, study, etc.) reduces my inner tension, does not allow me to forget my family problems at least for a while.
35. There has never been a single case in my life when I broke a promise.
36. I often give in to my wife / husband to improve our relationship.
37. It often happens that I don't talk to my wife / husband for a long time.
38. They believe that any radical solutions to a family problem are dangerous and ineffective: you just need to change the situation a little in order to be able to live together.
39. Several times a week, unpleasant sensations in the stomach began to bother me.
40. Everything seems to me somehow gray, impersonal and the same.
41. Everything that happens in my family is terribly unpleasant, but I'm not alone in my problems (many people do), and this calms me down a little.
42. I could forgive the insult my wife / husband had done to me, but not forget her.
43. I almost never have the desire to destroy and break everything around.
44. I often wonder what another person would have done in my place.
45. In family life I am always guided by good intentions, and it is strange that my wife / husband does not understand this.
46. ​​Sometimes I like to boast a little.
47. I understand those people who spend a significant part of their time with their families.
48. I often think that the childhood period of my life was the best, and I want to become a child again.
49. Modern marriage has no value: people usually marry only when necessary.
50. My thoughts and actions are often slowed down.
51. I prefer to shy away from clarifying my relationship with my wife / husband.
52. I rarely have irritation and anger towards my wife / husband.
53. Because of constant quarrels with my wife / husband, I am angry / angry at the whole world: I can take out my irritation on anyone who "turns up at hand."
54. Sometimes thoughts come to mind that no one wants to admit.
55. Modern women / men cannot be good wives / husbands.
56. Recently, I began to often "feel" my heart.
57. Usually I do not tell my wife / husband that we are very different in character, temperament, interests.
58. The life of a single / unmarried man / woman has significant advantages.
59. Recently, I have become much more interested in how to improve my health (diet, jogging, yoga, etc.).
60. I often feel the unreality, unnaturalness of my relationship with my wife / husband.
61. I am rarely sad.
62. The current family situation depresses me, but I consider myself unable to do anything.
63. Usually I think in advance how to behave in a difficult family situation.
64. Some people think that I am too strict with the opinions of my wife / husband, but I am sure that she / he deserves it.
65. I always try to understand my wife / husband, even though she / he does not make such attempts.
66. Recently, I have become more concerned about my health.
67. Most of the problems that arise in family life do not have an unambiguous solution.
68. I like people with whom I have met, even those whom I am not sympathetic to.
69. Sometimes I can cause mental or physical pain to my wife / husband.
70. Not all is well in my family, but I believe that everything will be as it is destined.
71. Nothing special happened: they quarreled, quarreled, anything can happen in life.
72. I can almost always restrain myself and not say too much, not make my wife / husband unpleasant.
73. When I receive a letter from someone, I always reply on the same day.
74. Recently, I often and for no reason began (a) to punish my son (daughter).
75. I often feel my uselessness and powerlessness.
76. At work, I almost never get involved in quarrels and conflicts with employees and bosses.
77. I do not want to feel sorry for me, sympathize with me.
78. I almost never want to say or do something nice to my / his wife's / husband's parents.
79. Sometimes I like to laugh, listening to indecent jokes, witticisms.
80. I rarely feel tired.
81. My friends believe that I do not quite correctly assess the family situation: I oversimplify it or, on the contrary, complicate it.
82. I often get angry with my parents and quarrel with them.
83. I cannot do anything to improve the family situation: it does not depend on me, but is a manifestation of a general pattern characteristic of a modern family.
84. I would like to leave, forget.
85. I'm not going to change my habits, even if my wife / husband doesn't like them.
86. Sometimes it happens that I am not telling the truth.
87. I can / can do a lot.
88. I am often told that I misunderstand my / his wife / husband.
89. I often have a feeling of physical weakness.

Key
Each answer that matches the key is worth one point.
1. Non-constructive attitudes towards marriage:
"+" - 14, 22, 29, 38, 51, 85
"-" - 1, 8, 36, 44, 57, 65
2. Depression:
"+" - 15, 27, 40, 50, 75, 89
"-" -2, 24, 32, 61,80, 87
3. Protective mechanisms:
"+" - 19, 23, 31, 45, 48, 71, 81, 84, 88
"-" - 3, 21, 63, 77
4. Defensive mechanisms:
"+" - 26, 33, 41, 49, 55, 58, 60, 62, 70, 83
"-" - 34, 47
5. Aggression:
"+" - 13, 16, 18, 53, 69, 74, 82
"-" - 11, 30, 43, 52, 72, 76, 78
6. Somatization of anxiety:
"+" - 4, 6, 12, 39,56, 59, 66
"-" - 28
7. Fixation on psychotrauma:
"+" - 20, 25, 37, 42, 64
"-" - 5, 10, 67
8. Control scale:
"+" - 7, 9, 19, 35, 68, 73
"-" - 46, 54, 79, 86

Description of scales

The scale of non-constructive attitudes towards marriage (NU) diagnoses such types of attitudes of the marriage partner that disintegrate the family structure and impede the therapeutic reconstruction of marital relations.

Depression scale (D) includes statements expressing 3 types of depression: classical ("lethargy", slowness of affect and intellect), asthenic (weakness, lethargy, etc.) and apathetic (decreased interest, indifference), as well as feelings of guilt, which can be involved in depression.

The scale of protective mechanisms (PM) diagnoses the type of defense that leads to the inadmissibility of psycho-traumatic information into consciousness (repression, denial of difficulties, regression, etc.).

The scale of defensive mechanisms (DM) diagnoses the type of defenses, which is designated as "re-interpretive activity" - psycho-traumatic information is allowed into consciousness due to its distorted reinterpretation (rationalization, isolation, intellectualization, etc.).

The scale of aggression (A) included statements associated with both direct physical and verbal aggression, and with displaced.

The Anxiety Somatization (ST) scale includes statements regarding general somatization (head-heart-stomach, general health concern).

The scale of fixation on psychotrauma (F) includes statements indicating that affect and intellect are "stuck" in mental trauma.

The questionnaire scales are internally consistent, functionally independent.
The control scale is interpreted in terms of raw scores. If the patient scores 6 or more points, then the questionnaire is not interpreted. Otherwise, it is necessary to calculate the data obtained ("raw" points) and translate them into T-indicators for each scale

Conversion of "raw" points to the T-scale

Raw scores	T - points
WELL	D	PM	DM	A	ST	F

If the subject scored less than 30 points, then the severity of the trait is low, if 30-40 points - there is an average severity of the trait with a tendency to low, 60-70 points - average with a tendency to high severity, over 70 points - the symptom is pronounced.

6.2. TEST "NATURE OF INTERACTION OF SPOUSES IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS" 1

The purpose of the technique
The technique allows you to characterize the surveyed married couple by a number of parameters:
§ the most conflict-prone spheres of marital relations,
§ the degree of agreement (or disagreement) in conflict situations,
§ the level of conflict in a pair.
_____________________
1. Psychological tests / Under. Ed. A.A. Karelina: In 2 volumes, M. 2000.Vol. 2.

Description of the method
The technique is a blank test - a questionnaire containing a description of 32 situations of spousal interaction, which are of a conflict nature.
As an answer, respondents (subjects) are offered a scale of possible reactions to a certain situation, which contains two signs: active or passive reaction and agreement or disagreement with a partner (party to the conflict). The left pole of the scale is an active expression of disagreement, a dissenting neutral attitude, a passive expression of consent, and, finally, the right pole is an active expression of consent. Scale divisions are assigned values ​​in points, respectively, from "-2" to "+2".
Instructions:"In the relationship between spouses, there are quite often misunderstandings, conflicts of interest, contradictions. You are offered (below) fairly typical situations, the same or almost the same occur in every couple. There have probably been them with you. Please choose that option. of the suggested answers (see the scale), which is the closest to how you behave in such situations:
"-2" - Strongly disagrees (disagrees) with what he (she) does and says in this situation; I actively disagree and insist on my own.
"-1" - I do not agree (disagree) with what he (she) does and says in this situation, I demonstrate my dissatisfaction, but I avoid discussion.
"0" - I am not doing anything, I am not expressing my attitude, I am waiting for further developments
"+1" - In general, I agree (agree) with what he (she) says and do not consider it necessary to express my attitude
"+2" - I completely agree (agree) with what he (she) does and says in this situation, actively support him (her) and approve.
Do not think too long about choosing an answer, since in this case there can be no "right" or "wrong" answers. Mark on the answer sheet the number of the option that seemed most suitable to you, and move on to the next situation. All answers will be kept confidential. "

Method text
Option for the wife

Option for a husband

Processing and interpretation of results
The study of conflicts in married couples made it possible to identify 8 areas in which clashes most often occur:
1. Problems of relations with relatives and friends.
2. Issues related to the upbringing of children.
3. Manifestation of the desire for autonomy.
4. Violation of role expectations.
5. Mismatch of norms of behavior.
6. Manifestation of dominance by one of the spouses.
7. Manifestation of jealousy.
8. Discrepancies in relation to money.
All situations for these reasons are grouped into eight blocks as follows:

In addition, situations can be divided into two groups on the basis of the "perpetrator of the conflict". The word "guilt" is put in quotation marks, since we are not talking about real guilt (which is often difficult to identify at all), but about a reason for a quarrel:
§ In situations No. 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 31, the respondent is "to blame" for the conflict.
§ In situations No. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 32 such a reason was given by the spouse.
Research results are obtained by calculating the general index (arithmetic mean for each block). Index values ​​range from "-2" to "+2". A negative value of the index indicates a negative reaction of the respondent in conflict situations, positive - about positive reactions. Values ​​close to "+1" (or to "-1") emphasize the passive nature of behavior in family misunderstandings, and close to "+2" (or "-2") about an active position in this situation.
The results obtained make it possible to talk about the general level of conflict in a pair. The closer the values ​​of the general index to -2, the more conflicting nature of the interaction between spouses.
The technique can be used both for research purposes and in diagnostics with the aim of further correcting marital relationships.

6.3. WISBADEN POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY AND FAMILY PSYCHOTHERAPY QUESTIONNAIRE (WIPPF)
N. Pezeshkian (in collaboration with H. Deidenbach)?

The purpose of the technique: the questionnaire is designed to assess the characterological and personal characteristics of spouses or partners and to assess ways of processing conflicts.
WIPPF reflects the content of individual family and social conflicts.
Theoretical foundations and description of the methodology
The Wiesbaden Questionnaire (WIPPF) appeared in the depths of N. Pezeshkian's neopsychoanalytic concept. The theory of the German psychiatrist N. Pezeshkian synthesizes the ideas of modern psychoanalysts about the dynamics of the conflict and about the methods of behavioral therapy.
N. Pezeshkian's concept is based on a positive vision of a person and presents a model of conflict as follows:
· Strategies of behavior in the conflict;
· Patterns of conflict behavior acquired in the parental family;
· Personality traits of the subject.
Thus, according to the author, each conflict has three components ("three derivatives"). Each conflict reflects the subject's current problems.
In the author's version, the Wiesbaden questionnaire is a combination of four verbal tests:
1. Questionnaire "First interview", which is completed by the therapist during the conversation with the patient.
2. Subtest "Wiesbaden questionnaire to the method of positive psychotherapy and family psychotherapy" for self-completion by the client.
3. "Calendar of observations and strengthening of mental health" for the patient's self-assessment of the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
4. "Pocket calendar of doctor / therapist" for the specialist to track the quality of his relationship with the patient.
_________________________
1. Psychological tests / Under. Ed. A.A. Karelina: In 2 volumes, M. 2000.Vol. 2.P. 194 - 222.

The second subtest (in the terminology of N. Pezeshkian, also known as the Wiesbaden questionnaire), according to S.Yu. Zelinskaya and A.I. Tashchinskaya2, a psychologist can use it as an independent methodological toolkit.
There are two forms of the questionnaire (A and B), which makes it possible to purposefully control the process (before therapy - after therapy). However, the practical experience of the researchers S.Yu. Zelinskaya and A.I. Tashchinskaya with this technique revealed significant differences in the results obtained using forms A and B, regardless of the presence or absence of the fact of psycho-corrective influence on the respondent. Therefore, they propose to consistently present both forms of the questionnaire to the respondent in order to minimize the factor of chance (to enhance the objectivity of the data obtained).
The text of the methodology consists of 85 statements (in each form of the questionnaire). Wiesbaden Questionnaire
contains 27 scales: each scale has 3 statements, with the exception of the 24th scale ("I"). The 24th scale is divided into two subscales ("mother" and "father"), which include 3 statements each. To assess the results of the questionnaire, a special form is offered

__________________________
2. Zelinskaya S.Yu., Tashcheva A.I. WIPPF - a questionnaire for the study of personality traits, strategies of behavior in conflict and "role models" // Applied Psychology. 2000. No. 1. S. 64 - 76.

FORM A

Surname, name __________________________
Code __________________

Similar information.

METHOD: Features of communication between spouses (Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Ya. Gozman, E.M.Dubovskaya). The methodology is designed to analyze the characteristics of communication between spouses in the context of family psychological counseling. The main task of the initial stage of work on the methodology was the problem of selecting specific characteristics, parameters of communication in the family, which could be considered as the main scales of the questionnaire. The authors proceeded from the fact that communication as a regulator of interpersonal relations between spouses, through many of its parameters, is included in the characteristics that differentiate to the greatest extent successful and unsuccessful marriages (families). For example, the lack of an established system of interpersonal communication in a couple, most likely, indicates that this marriage is unsuccessful. The lack of communication between spouses also negatively affects their children: they have worse relations with their parents, they are less sociable, it is more difficult to adapt to various social situations, and so on. But what characteristics and parameters of spouses' communication are most closely related to success in family life? Prominent American researchers in the field of intrafamily relations, R. Lewis and J. Spanier, created a model of the quality of marriage, where they tried to present in the most systematic way the factors that positively or negatively affect its success. A special group of variables highlighted by them describes how different characteristics of communication influence this. They identified eight parameters of interstellar communication that positively influence the formation of successful relationships between spouses. 1. Marital relations are the better, the more self-disclosure of spouses in the process of communication. This means that a husband and wife in successful interpersonal communication can be sincere, trust each other the deepest and most cherished secrets, without fear of rejection and condemnation. 2. The presence of the greatest possible number of common expectations and attitudes among the spouses, which are manifested in the process of communication. Through communication, spouses should constantly feel their similarity in relation to the world around them and people. 3. The more accurate the non-verbal communication between spouses, the more successful interpersonal relationships, ie. spouses in happy marriages not only correctly understand what they say to each other, but also "correctly read" postures, looks, gestures, and facial expressions. 4. An important factor in the success of interpersonal relations between spouses is the presence in their communication of common symbols that can appear in very different forms - this is their own language that no one else understands, the presence of affectionate nicknames and appeals, family traditions and rituals, and dr. 5. The more often successful interpersonal communication between spouses, the better their interpersonal relationships in general. This means that happy couples talk quite often and evaluate the conversations as “truly intimate,” confidential, which are for them a vivid evidence of unity and mutual understanding. 6. In successful marriages through interpersonal communication, spouses constantly confirm their similarity in the perception of marital roles, as well as the positions they occupy in the family as a whole, and the functions and responsibilities that each of them performs on a daily basis. 7. The most important characteristic of a successful marital relationship is the presence between spouses of deep mutual understanding. This means that each partner accepts and does not condemn the views and behavior of the other, even if it does not correspond to his own in everything, he does not need to explain or justify anything. ... 8. Interpersonal communication of spouses is the more successful, the more mutual empathy they show in it. Undoubtedly, successful interpersonal communication between spouses is impossible without empathy, sympathy, and complicity. For the questionnaire being created, from the scheme of R. Lewis and J. Spanier, the authors selected four parameters that, on the one hand, most fully characterize the successful interpersonal communication of spouses, and, on the other hand, are quite accessible for measurement using the questionnaire. These parameters are: similarity in views; common symbols; confidentiality of communication; understanding. In the process of creating the questionnaire, two more were added to these parameters: psychotherapeutic communication, ease of communication. The scale of psychotherapeutic family communication characterizes how much interpersonal communication between spouses contributes to the creation of a comfortable and intimate atmosphere in the family. The scale of ease of communication shows how easy it is for spouses to establish contact with each other, to start and end a conversation, how free spouses feel when communicating with each other. The scales "trust in communication" and "mutual understanding between spouses" fall into two subscales: a) how the respondent evaluates himself on this basis, b) how he evaluates his partner, which are calculated separately. Thus, the questionnaire was composed of six scales. The final version of the methodology consists of 48 questions. Processing of test results: For each of the scales, an index is calculated, the value of which is equal to the arithmetic mean of the answers to the questions included in the scale. The technique can be successfully used in all cases when it is necessary to describe and analyze the process of intrafamily communication. It makes it possible to quantify important characteristics of communication between spouses. The questionnaire consists of 48 questions. Approximate testing time is 10-15 minutes. Note to the computer version. In this program, computer interpretation of test results is based on percentages. Conditional criteria for automatic interpretation: 0% - 20% low; 21% - 40% reduced rate; 41% - 60% average; 61% - 80% increased rate; 81% - 100% high index indicator. EXAMPLE OF TESTING: --- PSYCHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS. Methodology: Features of communication between spouses. Full name: ___________________ Add. data: _____________ Chart:% * 100 ┼──────────────────────── 90 ┼ ██ 80 ┼───────██─ ─────────────── 70 ┼ ██ ██ ██ 60 ┼────██─██─██────▄▄────── 50 ┼ ██ ██ ██ ██ 40 ┼─▄▄─██─██─██─▄▄─███████─ 30 ┼ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ █ █ ██ ██ 20 ┼─██─██─██─██─██─██─██─██─ 10 ┼ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ ██ 0 ┼─ + ── + ── + ── + ── + ── + ── + ── + ── * Ds Dp Sun Vp SV OS LO PO Test indicators: 1. Confidence in communication: self-esteem - Ds = 11 2.2 40% partner's assessment - Dp = 16 3.2 73% 2. Mutual understanding between spouses: self-esteem - Bs = 19 3.8 93% partner's assessment - Bn = 16 3.2 73% 3. Similarity in the views of spouses - SV = 11 2.2 40% 4. General family symbols - OS = 14 2.8 60% 5. Ease of communication between spouses - LR = 12 2.4 47% 6. "Psychotherapeutic" communication - PO = 12 2.4 47% INTERPRETATION: 1. Confidence in communication. Self-esteem: a low level of self-disclosure in the process of communication, poorly expressed sincerity and a tendency to trust a partner the deepest and most cherished secrets, without fear of rejection and condemnation. Partner assessment: an increased level of self-disclosure of a spouse in the process of family communication, a tendency towards sincerity, a tendency to trust a partner the deepest and most cherished secrets, without fear of rejection and condemnation. 2. Mutual understanding between spouses. Self-esteem: a high level of inclination to accept and not condemn the views and behavior of another, even if it does not in all correspond to one's own opinion, the absence of a special need to explain something to a partner or make excuses to him. Evaluation of the partner: an increased level of the spouse's inclination to accept and not condemn the views and behavior of the other, even if it does not entirely correspond to his own opinion, the lack of a special need to explain something to the partner or make excuses to him. 3. Similarity in the views of the spouses. A lowered indicator of the presence of a large number of common expectations and attitudes, manifested in the process of communication, a weakly expressed tendency to feel their similarity in relation to the surrounding world and people. 4. Common symbols of the family. The average indicator of the presence of a "family" language in communication - common symbols that can appear in very different forms - is one's own language, which no one else understands, the presence of affectionate nicknames and appeals, family traditions and rituals, etc. 5. Ease communication between spouses. Average indicator of ease of establishing contact with a partner, moderately expressed ability to start and end a conversation, to feel free in communication with a spouse. 6. "Psychotherapeutic" communication. Average indicator of comfort and intimacy of communication with a partner.

15.3. Diagnostics of communication in the family

Diagnostics of communication in the family. Yu. E. Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, E. M. Dubovskaya. Designed to analyze the features of interspousal O.R. Lewis and J. Spanier created a model of the quality of marriage, in which they tried to present the factors that positively or negatively affect its success in the most systematic way. According to the authors, 8 parameters influence the formation of a successful marriage. These include: 1) marital relations - the better, the more self-disclosure of spouses in the process of O .; 2) that the spouses have as many common expectations and attitudes as possible, which are manifested in the process of O. Through O., the spouses must constantly feel their similarity in relation to the world around them and people; 3) non-verbal communication between spouses - the more accurate it is, the more successful interpersonal relationships are; 4) the presence in O. of spouses of common symbols, to-rye can act in a very different form; 5) the more often successful interpersonal O. between spouses, the better their interpersonal relationships in general; 6) in successful marriages through interpersonal O. spouses constantly confirm their similarity in the perception of marital roles; 7) the presence between the spouses of deep understanding; 8) mutual empathy. However, not all of these parameters can be taken into account using the questionnaire (for example, the accuracy of non-verbal communication and to some extent empathy). Therefore, 4 scales were selected from the scheme of R. Lewis and J. Spanier and 2 new ones were added. The methodology consists of 48 questions, to which the respondents answer according to the scheme: a) “very often”, b) “quite often”, c) “rather rarely”, d) “very rarely”. In all questions, each alternative is assigned values: the first - "4"; the second is "3"; the third is "2"; the fourth is "1". The questionnaire reveals a trace. scales: 1) Confidence O .; 2) Mutual understanding between spouses; 3) Similarity in the views of the spouses; 4) Common symbols of the family; 5) O.'s ease between spouses; 6) Psychotherapeutic O. For each scale, the index is calculated using special formulas. The higher the index, the more pronounced this scale is for spouses. The scales "Confidence in communication" and "Mutual understanding between spouses" fall into 2 subscales: a) how the respondent evaluates himself on this basis, b) how he evaluates the partner. The indices for these subscales are calculated separately. The technique makes it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the process of intrafamily O.

Aleshina Yu.E., Gozman L. Ya., Dubovskaya E.M. Socio-psychological research of marital relations. M., 1987.

E. M. Dubovskaya

Diagnostics of interpersonal perception in a premarital couple. M. A. Abalakina. Designed to measure certain parameters of interpersonal perception in a premarital couple. Interpersonal perception is the understanding and appreciation of a person by a person. There is a trace in interpersonal perception. mechanisms: identification, reflection, empathy, stereotyping. This technique is used to study the trace. characteristics of premarital relations: the likelihood of marriage between members of the couple, satisfaction with the relationship and the "positivity" of the relationship. The likelihood of marriage between members of a couple is an indicator of the specificity of the relationship compared to other emotional relationships. At the same time, partners can be satisfied with their relationship, but, nevertheless, they do not seek to get married. Therefore, 2 characteristics are measured separately, so neither of them exhausts the content of the other. The "positivity" of relations, which is also measured by the methodology, is so named conditionally, because it only indicates the absence of quarrels between partners. The questionnaire consists of 28 judgments, to which the respondent (s) answer on a point system. The method reveals a trace. perceptual parameters in a premarital couple: 1) An indicator of a couple's closeness to marriage. The lower the score, the higher the likelihood of a couple getting married; 2) Relationship satisfaction score. The lower the score, the higher the satisfaction with the relationship; 3) An indirect indicator of satisfaction with the relationship. This indicator includes questions that indirectly indicate satisfaction with the relationship. The lower the score, the higher the "positivity" of the relationship.

Research methods of interpersonal perception. Special practice on social psychology / Ed. G. M. Andreeva, V. S. Ageeva. M., 1984.

E. M. Dubovskaya

Marriage Satisfaction Measurement Method. V. V. Stolin, T. L. Romanova, G. P. Butenko. It is built in the form of a one-dimensional questionnaire and is designed to quantitatively measure the experience of the well-being of marital relations. The methodology determines the quantitative measure of the phenomenon itself - emotional experience, and is not aimed at identifying the causes of emotional disharmony.The methodology is based on the fact that the more the relationship is broken, the stronger the experience of unhappiness, the more this emotion distorts other spheres: the perception of oneself and a partner, opinions about each other, assessments, attitudes, attitude towards marriage in general, etc. The questionnaire contains 24 questions, requires minimal time to fill out, and is easy to administer. The technique is more intended for scientific. studies rather than individual work with couples, but can also be used to quantify the degree of disharmony in marital relations and the result of the intervention of a psychotherapist or counselor.

Workshop on psychodiagnostics. Psychodiagnostic materials / Ed. A. A. Bodaleva, I. M. Karlinskaya, S. R. Pantileeva, V. V. Stolin. M., 1988.

V. V. Stolin

Questionnaire "Retrospective Reflection of Conflicts". A.I. Tashcheva. It is intended for a systematic description of the features of conflicts in a married couple, as well as (with a corresponding minor adjustment of questions) for the study of interpersonal conflicts in any dyad, in a group with a large number of people. The basis for the construction of the questionnaire was the position of L.A. Petrovskaya on the socio-perceptual side of the conflict: the peculiarities of the partners' awareness of the objective conflict situation, even if there is no objective conflict situation. Int. the picture of conflicts of each of the participants determines their psychol. state, behavior in the conflict and directly affects the course of the conflict itself.

The respondent is asked to answer 17 open, closed, semi-closed and control questions that identify the reasons, frequency, duration, features of verbal (including attributive) and non-verbal behavior of spouses in conflict; attribution of responsibility for happy days in marriage and for conflicts; the time of the aftereffect of conflicts; partners' ideas about what offends each of them the most in conflicts, and also - describe the largest and most typical (or last) conflict. The questionnaire identifies 3 main. areas of conflict: 1) "subjective space of the conflict", 2) "situational reflection of the conflict", 3) "oversituational reflexion of the conflict". Subjective space of conflict combines 4 indicators of retrospective reflection of conflicts: the number of reasons (n); frequency (d); the time of the conflict (t effective); the duration of the conflict aftereffect (t aftereffect). The general indicator of the subjective space of conflicts is calculated - SPK. The higher the SPK, the less constructive the spouses take in a conflict situation; a high rate is characteristic of unstable married couples, to-rye far ahead of stable couples in terms of the number of reasons, the frequency of quarrels, their duration and the duration of the conflict aftereffect. Situational reflection of the conflict associated with the immediate situation of the spouses quarrel and the assessment of their behavior in the conflict. The index of situational reflection of the conflict - SRK is calculated. In stable families, both or at least one of the spouses takes a position of reconciliation. In unstable families, aggressive tendencies are often manifested. Over-situational reflection of the conflict implies taking into account the prospects of marriage, life plans, the motives of the behavior of each of the marriage partners. The index of oversituational reflection of the conflict NRK is the total effect of attribution of responsibility of each of the spouses according to the parameter - with whom the "happiness-unhappiness" is associated in a given family. In stable couples, the attribution of responsibility for the success of the marriage and the failure in the relationship is of a reciprocal nature. In unstable couples, the attribution of responsibility for happiness and unhappiness in marriage has an ad hoc or one-sided subjective character. For each area, the analysis of the responses of each of the partners is complemented by a comparative analysis of their responses.

Psychological tests. Rostov-n / D, 1996.

A. I. Tashcheva

Joint Rorschach test (CTP). Modification by E. T. Sokolova. Combines the diagnostic capabilities of the traditional version of the Rorschach test - focus on diagnosing personality organization (structure of self-identity, defensive and coping style, cognitive style) with the prospect of studying communicative patterns (stotypes) and intentional dynamics of interpersonal interaction. Communicative behavioral patterns of O. participants are available for expression, registration and interpretation, along with insufficiently perceived intentions - feelings and attitudes towards each other and towards ourselves. This modification of the test makes it possible to implement in psychodiagnostics the methodological principles of the unity and integrity of consciousness and O., intersubjectivity and dialogicity. The systematic use of CTS is associated with the names of American clinical psychologists N. Loveland, L. Wynn and M. Singer, who developed the CTS procedure for studying the communicative context of cognitive impairments in families of schizophrenic patients, O.'s structure and prospects for social adaptation and correction of family relationships. L. Wynn and M. Singer proposed an original concept of communication as a process of sequential establishment of a joint "focus of attention", achieved in 4 stages: 1) highlighting a certain event, image or feeling; 2) drawing the attention of the partner to this area; 3) establishing a general focus of attention and reaching agreement; 4) reaching agreement on "meaning". O. in families of schizophrenic patients becomes chaotic and uncoordinated, first of all, due to the omission of the first 3 links of the sequence: speech statements of patients do not allow one to achieve a clear idea of ​​the subject of the statement itself, while cognitive impairments - disorders of "meaning" - are secondary and derived from a lack of mutual organization and cooperation. A conflict communicative context is created through a special way of exchanging communicative messages - the style of speech statements in families of schizophrenic patients is characterized by vague, incomprehensible, inconsistent judgments and ambiguity of intentions.

Rorschach tables (all or selected) are presented to survey participants first in individual testing, then in a situation of compatibility. The course of the discussion is recorded by a dictaphone recording, non-verbal reactions are recorded by the present diagnostician. Processing of results is carried out according to a specially developed original scheme that takes into account the behavioral and cognitive-affective aspects of communication. On the basis of quantitative processing of the standard matrix of indicators, a primary picture of observing the interactions of the participants is compiled, which is then contextually interpreted. STR refers to projective methods of personality research and its purpose is to understand the individual subjective world of people "through" their organization of the process O. In this sense, def. structural configurations or communication patterns bear the imprint (projection) of the individual personality traits of partners. The use of the “homeostat” model of joint activity allows one to explore protective and coping strategies for overcoming mutual contradictions in order to achieve the goal, as well as the potential of empathic understanding, mutual tolerance and the ability to make compromise decisions, which is an integral part of social intelligence and social competence. STR allows you to make O.'s stereotypes understandable, the reasons for indirect manipulative strategies that hide the traumatic past experience of frustrations and disappointments, distrust, blocking the development of equal cooperation and mutual understanding. Psychol used in practice. counseling procedure STR, modeling the stereotypes of interpersonal perception and methods of O., provides the conditions for their awareness and change towards the development of empathic, cooperating and internally honest ("congruent") relationships. The proposed modification of the test meets the basic requirements. principles of holistic psychology and considers the object of diagnosis not an isolated parameter of communication, but the gestalt of internally interrelated cognitive, personal and interpersonal components of interpersonal O., which forms an individual style of personality.

Vaclavik P., Bivin J., Jackson J. Psychology of interpersonal communication. SPb., 2000; E. T. Sokolova"Joint Rorschach test" for the diagnosis of disorders of family communication // General psychodiagnostics / Ed. A. A. Bodaleva, V. V. Stolin. M., 1987; She's the same. Self-awareness and self-esteem in personality anomalies. M., 1989; Cutter F., Farberow N. The Consensus Rorschach // Development in Rorschach Technique and theory / Klopfer B., Davidson H. The Rorschach technique. An Introductory Manual. N. Y. 1962; Loveland N. The Relation Rorschach: a Technique for study Interaction // J. of nervous and mental decease. 1967. V. 1, 145. No. 2.

E. T. Sokolova

Methodology "Architect-builder". Modification by A.G. Leders. Technique in decomp. its modifications - one of the few that allow you to play the relationship between parent and child directly in the consultation. It can be used both for the initial acquaintance with the child and for the subsequent collection of data by purposefully observing the child's behavior in the course of his interaction with the parent. Material: 2 sheets of paper, 2 pencils, 2 screens (approximately 40x20 cm), a set of simple drawings of varying complexity. Procedure: The child and parent sit at adjacent tables facing each other. In front of them are sheets of paper, covered from the partner by a screen. The leaves are divided into 6–8 cells. The psychologist has one of the partners in the def. a cage draws a simple drawing. Partners should, communicating with each other, asking questions and receiving answers, but without showing or drawing in the air, make sure that the second partner draws on his sheet of paper exactly the same drawing that the psychologist drew for the first. The partners alternate between the roles of narrator and portrayal. Usually 4 to 8 drawing sessions are carried out. In some cases, 1-2 sessions are conducted and in a pair "child - psychologist". After each drawing session, the participants check what they have drawn, they can jointly give the drawer a rating. The methodology is aimed at identifying the level of business and personal O. of the child with the parent: who is the leader and who is the follower when performing the task in the dyad, how stable is this distribution of roles, what are the typical pedagogical methods of the parent in relation to the child, what is the child's reaction to these methods of the parent how much the child is learning. The technique can also be used to diagnose learning ability, since the child is sequentially several. once demonstrate examples of certain behavior, which he then must implement himself. The technique also allows you to diagnose the manifestation of those individual characteristics of the child, which the parent indicated during the preliminary conversation with the psychologist, the level of the child's speech development, the level of criticality of each of the partners when assessing the quality of the task, which of them takes responsibility for possible failures, and who is inclined to blame the responsibility on another. It is also possible to use the standard techniques for fixing the features of the parent-child interaction described by G. T. Khomentauskas. The behavior profile map assumes filling out the "Form of direct observation", with the help of which it is proposed to identify the child's behavior on the trail. characteristics: 1) reaction to separation from the mother; 2) fear, anxiety; 3) contact with a psychologist; 4) self-confidence; 5) the level of emotional response; 6) emotional background; 7) the degree of cooperation; 8) reaction to frustration; 9) the degree of dependence; 10) attention; 11) purposefulness; 12) activity level; 13) structure of activity; 14) communication; 15) self-affirmation; 16) hostility, aggressiveness. In the form of the methodology for each of these characteristics, the corresponding scales of indicators are given. It is convenient to use these scales as a kind of indicative basis for assessing the child's behavior during the task (it is better when a psychologist's assistant does it). These scales can also be used for the entire counseling session with the child.

A. G. Liders The basics of age-psychological counseling / Under. ed. A.G. Leaders. M., 1991.

A. G. Liders

Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (BPP). I.M. Markovskaya. Designed to analyze parent-child interactions. The concept of "interaction" is interpreted by the author rather broadly and includes the emotional attitude of the parent to the child, the peculiarities of the parent's upbringing position, the consistency and satisfaction of the participants in the interaction. The questionnaire contains 60 statements in direct and inverse form, the degree of agreement with which the respondent assesses on a 5-point system. The choice of the analyzed characteristics is carried out by the author, taking into account the edema. and abroad. practice of diagnostics of child-parental relations. Selected those of them, to-rye are used in the majority of classical diagnostic tools. The evaluated characteristics represent 10 polar scales, the poles of which are represented by opposite values. Attitude towards the child: 1) rejection - acceptance of a child by a parent; 2) emotional distance - emotional closeness. Parent's educational position: 3) undemanding-exactingness; 4) softness-rigor; 5) autonomy-control; 6) inconsistency-sequence; 7) lack of cooperation-cooperation. Overall satisfaction with the relationship of the participants in the interaction: 8) disagreement - consent between parent and child; 9) the authority of the parent (the parent's self-assessment of the degree of his influence on the child); 10) the child's satisfaction with the relationship with the parent. A distinctive feature of the methodology is the analysis of child-parent interaction both from the position of the parent and from the position of the child. For this purpose, mirror versions of the questionnaire have been developed for the parent and for the child himself. The consistency of the assessments of both participants in the interaction creates additional diagnostic capabilities. A modification has been developed for parents and children of preschool and primary school age, in which the scale of consent and authority of the parent is replaced by educational confrontation in the family and anxiety for the child. In the course of processing the diagnostic results, the estimates obtained for the inverse statements are reversed (5–1, 4–2, etc.). The methodology is intended for advisory practice and research work.

A. G. Liders Markovskaya I.M. Questionnaire for studying the interaction of parents with children // Zhurn. practical psychologist, no. 3, 1988.

E. I. Zakharova

Parent-Child Emotional Interaction Questionnaire (ODREV). E. I. Zakharova. Designed to identify child-parent emotional interaction. The basis for the development of the questionnaire was the practice of age-psychological counseling, edges showed the importance of the interaction of a close adult with a child for his psyche. development. The questionnaire consists of 66 statements, with which the respondent must express the degree of agreement on a 5-point system. The process of interaction seems to be a complex structural formation, which is characterized by 11 parameters, combined into 3 meaningful blocks. Block I - sensitivity: 1) the ability to perceive the state of the child; 2) understanding the reasons for his condition; 3 ) the ability to empathize. Block II - emotional acceptance: 4) feelings arising in interaction; 5) unconditional acceptance; 6) attitude towards oneself as a parent; 7) the predominant emotional background of the interaction. Block III - behavioral manifestations of emotional interaction: 8) the desire for bodily contact; 9) providing emotional support; 10) orientation to the child's state when building interaction; 11) the ability to influence the state. Each of the structural components is self. characteristic, at the same time internally related to all the others, which is confirmed by the data of correlation analysis. Each of the 11 characteristics is diagnosed using 6 statements, 3 of which are formulated in a positive way (agreement with these statements indicates a high degree of severity of this quality), 3 - in a negative way (agreement with them indicates a low degree of severity of quality). The results are presented in points. The severity of interaction characteristics is estimated in the range from 1/5 to 5 points. The average and criterion values ​​were determined for each of the analyzed scales. Comparison of the results of an individual respondent with the area of ​​average values ​​allows us to speak of a deficit or over-expression of certain characteristics of interaction. The technique is used as a tool for advisory and research purposes.

Zakharova E.I. The emotional side of parent-child interaction // Psychologist in kindergarten. 2002. No. 1.

E. I. Zakharova

Methodology« Normative-personal attitude "(UFO). E. O. Smirnova, M. V. Sokolova. Designed to identify the structure of parenting and parenting style. Theorist. the basis of the methodology is the authors' idea that parenting is by its nature dual and has an ambivalent structure. With one. side., the parent is guided by the integral personality of the child, experiences unconditional love for him (personal principle in relation). From other side - the parent is always guided by the norms of development adopted in society (intellect, will, morality, etc.) and perceives the child as a bearer of def. qualities ( normative principle in relation). The methodology reveals the degree of expression of the parent's personal and normative principle in relation to the child, the composition of parental values ​​and the parent's prevailing educational strategies. The technique allows us to identify 3 blocks of data: 1) the ratio of the personal and normative principles in relation to the child; 2) the content of the parent's educational values; 3) combination of decomp. styles in child-rearing. The UFO technique has a projective nature and is built on the type of unfinished sentences. It includes 22 open-ended questions, to-rye divided into 2 blocks: revealing parental values ​​and specific methods of education. Questions, in accordance with the direction of each of the blocks, relate to how the parent wants to see his child, what he most values ​​in him and how he acts in a particular problem life situation. Specific variants of the questionnaire make it possible to identify the structure of the attitude towards the child in parents towards children of different ages - from infants to adolescents. The analysis of diagnostic results is quantitative and qualitative.

Smirnova E.O. Parents and Children: Relationship Psychology. M., 2003; She's the same. The structure and dynamics of the parental relationship in the ontogenesis of the child // Vopr. psychology. No. 2. 2007.

E.O.Smirnova

Diagnostics of the parental relationship. A. Ya.Varga, V.V. Stolin. Designed to diagnose the attitude of parents to their child. Parental relations are understood as a system of various feelings, characteristics of perception and understanding of the child's personality, as well as behavioral attitudes and stereotypes in O. with him. The technique is a questionnaire consisting of 61 statements. Based on factor analysis, 5 scales were identified: 1) "Acceptance-rejection". The scale reflects the integral emotional attitude towards the child; 2) "Cooperation" - a socially desirable image of parenting. In essence, this scale reveals a trace. way: the parent is interested in the affairs and plans of the child, tries to help him in everything, sympathizes with the child. The parent trusts the child, tries to take his point of view in controversial issues; 3 ) "Symbiosis" - the scale reflects the interpersonal distance in O. with the child. The parent feels that he is a single whole with the child, seeks to satisfy all his needs, to protect him from the difficulties and troubles of life; 4) "Authoritarian hypersocialization" - reflects the form and direction of control over the behavior of the child. The parent demands from the child unconditional obedience, discipline, tries to impose his will on him in everything; 5 ) "Little Loser" - reflects the peculiarities of the perception and understanding of the child by the parents. The parent sees the child as younger in comparison with the real age and tries to protect the child from the difficulties of life and strictly control his actions. The methodology was created in the course and with the aim of facilitating practical work with parents. The measurement results can be discussed during the psychol. consulting, as well as during scientific research. research.

Workshop on psychodiagnostics. Psychodiagnostic materials / Ed. A. A. Bodaleva, I. M. Karlinskaya, S. R. Pantileeva, V. V. Stolin. M., 1988.

V. V. Stolin

The methodology "Parental composition" is projective. O. A. Karabanova. Designed to diagnose the parental position and the type of family education, to identify the characteristics of the parent's perception and experience of the nature of relations and interaction with the child. The technique allows you to collect anamnestic information and more fully reconstruct the history of the child's development, as well as obtain a description of the child's development problems "through the eyes of a parent", identify conflict zones in child-parent interaction, determine the features of the parent's locus of control, objectify in writing a parent's complaint and request to a consultant ... The basic themes of a parenting essay are open topics "My child" and "I am a parent." Depending on the objectives of the survey and the degree of the parent's readiness to complete the assignment, the wording of the topics can be changed in the direction of greater concreteness. So, to clarify the history of the child's development, the topic "The story of my child's life" is proposed; to analyze the development and change of parental attitude and parental position - the topic "The history of my motherhood (fatherhood)"; to identify value-semantic attitudes and goals of education - "How I want to educate my child." The topics “What I like in my child and what I would like to change”, “My requirements and prohibitions” allow you to concretize the goals of education, the system of requirements and prohibitions presented to the child, to evaluate the effectiveness of education. Materials of parental essays can be used in work with parents to analyze family upbringing, identify its "weak points" and jointly develop new approaches for purposeful correction of the parental position. The topic of the essay is set in an open form, without specifying the content that should be presented. The time for writing an essay is not limited. When interpreting an essay, 3 groups of parameters are taken into account: 1 ) the behavior of the parent in the process of completing the task; 2) formal indicators; 3) meaningful indicators. Significant characteristics of the parent's behavior in the process of completing the task include - the specifics of accepting the task (refusals, repetitive questions about the content of the essay); samples, rewriting, the presence of drafts of the essay; emotional attitude to the task; speech commentary; time to complete the task. Formal indicators - the volume of the essay; the form, language and style of narration (the share of educational problems in the general text of the essay, epigraphs, the form of writing to the interlocutor, the “clerical” form); underlines in the text with emphasis on the main thing; figures in the text; structuring paper space (margins, rulers, "red line", etc.). Content indicators are most important for the interpretation of parental compositions. These include: compliance of the essay with a given topic; the ratio of the 3 plans of the composition - "child", "parent", "our relationship"; the use of the child's name in the composition; a description of the history of the child's development, his individual and personal qualities and preferences, the characteristics of the child's relationship with family members; assessment of the child in direct and indirect form - positive, negative, ambivalent; the author's attitude to the child; a description of the family education system implemented by the parent and an assessment of its effectiveness. All of the listed parameters of the analysis of the parental composition make it possible to draw up a conclusion in accordance with the trace. scheme: 1) characteristics of emotional relationships, O. and interaction in the family; 2) the history of the child's development and psychology. features of the child; 3) a parent as an educator; 4) recommendations regarding the conduct of additional diagnostic examinations, programs of preventive and corrective work with the family. Definition of resources for the provision of psychol. helping the family.

Burmenskaya G.V., Zakharova E.I., Karabanova O.A. and others. Age-psychological approach in counseling children and adolescents. M., 2007; A. G. Liders Psychological examination of the family. M., 2006; Spivakovskaya A.S. Prevention of childhood neuroses. M., 1988.

O. A. Karabanova

Methodology "Test for joint activities". O. A. Karabanova. Designed to identify the objective characteristics of parent-child interaction. Possesses significant diagnostic potential, allowing to objectify and correlate the positions of all its participants. A test for joint activity is a joint solution of a constructive problem by a parent and a child. It can be used in a wide age range, starting from 3 years old. There are 2 options for the procedure for testing for joint activities. In the first case the dyad is invited to perform a constructive task, the complexity of the cut varies depending on the age and level of development of the child (lay out a given figure from cubes, a mosaic, make a joint drawing, etc.). In the second case the technique of dividing the functions of orientation and execution between the participants of the dyad is used.

In accordance with the 2 sides of O. - business and emotional - a test for joint activity allows us to characterize 2 blocks of interaction: cognitive-activity and emotional. The characteristics of the cognitive-activity block are leadership - the distribution of roles "leader" - "follower" (coincidence / non-coincidence of the actual and the leadership defined by the instruction in performing the task); features of the parent's regulation of the child's activity (purposefulness; the nature and content of planning the child's actions, etc.); the level of the leader's activity (high, medium, low); features of the leader's speech (the adequacy of the reflection of the content of the activity, the degree of development, the adequacy of the age and individual-personal characteristics of the child). The features of the follower's behavior are also taken into account - interest in achieving the goal and in O. with a partner; the presence of proactive acts in relation to the planning, content and sequence of operations performed, control and correction, etc. Typical methods of influencing a parent on a child are orders, commands, instructions, advice, wishes; making a "diagnosis", etc. Non-verbal ways of influencing a child are glances, facial expressions, gestures, changing the distance, direct attempts to help the child in the task. Important indicators of child-parent interaction are the child's reaction to the parent's comments (refusal to complete the task; ignorance, etc.); consideration by the parent of the individual and age characteristics of the child; the level of criticality of the parent to the productivity of joint activities and to the peculiarities of communication with the child. Emotional block child-parent interaction includes parameters of emotional acceptance - rejection by the parent of the child from unconditional emotional acceptance to open rejection; features of the child's emotional attachment to the parent; the nature of the child's emotional reaction to success and failure. Behavioral indicators of acceptance - rejection of the child by the parent are: addressing the child by name, the use of diminutive-affectionate derivatives of the name, non-verbal expression of emotional acceptance - affectionate intonation, maintaining perceptual contact, smiling, etc. The formation of a child's emotional attachment to a close adult can be determined , depending on the degree of the child's interest in emotional contact with the parent; anxiety manifested by a child in interaction with a parent; his sensitivity to the assessments and attitude of the parent, etc. The parameters for assessing the child's response to failure are acceptance / shifting of responsibility; the nature of the response to frustration (extrapunitive, impunitive, intropunitive, obstructive-dominant, self-protective, “permissive” according to S. Rosenzweig); and for success - manifestations of joy, pride, positive emotional experiences; calmness, self-confidence; indifference, lack of emotional experience and inadequate response to success. The practice of counseling allows you to highlight the different. options for the ratio of business and interpersonal O., knowledge of which allows you to substantiate and build a system of tasks for correcting parent-child relationships. Options for parent-child relationships include the harmony of business and interpersonal emotional O., disharmony of business and interpersonal O., disharmony and low efficiency of business cooperation against the background of harmony of emotional relationships, disharmony of emotional relationships (emotional asymmetry, rejection, ambivalence) against the background of effective business cooperation. Note that the latter option is quite rare, since the difficulties of emotional interaction, as a rule, impede cooperation and collaboration.

Burmenskaya G.V., Zakharova E.I., Karabanova O.A. and other Age-psychological approach in counseling children and adolescents. M., 2007; The use of the method of joint folding of the Link's cube in the diagnosis of parent-child relations in adolescents who underwent heart surgery // Zhurn. a practical psychologist. 1997, No. 3; A. G. Liders Psychological examination of the family. M., 2006.

O. A. Karabanova

The method of joint folding of the Link's cube in the diagnosis of parent-child relationships. T.G. Goryacheva, O. N. Trofimchuk. Designed to diagnose parent-child relationships. The technique is as follows. Children and their mothers are shown a cube made of small cubes, the outer sides of which are red. There is no red inside. The experimenter disassembles the cube. Children, together with their parents, must assemble exactly such a cube. During joint work, the following is recorded: 1) the total time of the task; 2) actions performed by partners; 3) verbal statements with voice intonations; 4) who owns the initiative; 5) provision of assistance (direct and indirect) and request for assistance; 6) evaluation of the partner's actions; 7) who owns the control function (assessment of each of the partners and the experimenter). Questions asked to respondents at the end of folding the cube: 1. What do you think (separately mother and child), to whom the initiative belongs? 2. Do you think (separately mother and child), if you worked alone, the result would be better? When performing the technique of joint folding of the Link cube in the experiment. situations, the relationship between a child, a teenager and his mother is modeled quite clearly. The data obtained make it possible to distinguish 4 types of interaction. "Cooperation" is understood as equal assistance to each other, the transition of initiative from a teenager to a parent and, conversely, when it is necessary for the successful completion of the task. "Lack of coordination of actions" represents the unrelated actions of a parent and a child, a teenager. Each of them collects the cube according to their own program, without discussing it with their partner. There is no interaction. As a result, one of them may refuse to participate in the further process and the rest collects the object alone. For interactions like "Adult dominance" a combination of overprotection and total control over the child's behavior is characteristic. The parent takes the lead. "Indulging a child" testifies to the realization of a symbiotic relationship between mother and child, with a characteristic overprotection without total control. The initiative belongs to the child and, even if the program for completing the assignment is wrong, the parent, being moved, supports the child. The methodology is a fairly informative model of the relationship between a teenager (child) and a parent, it makes it possible to get an idea of ​​the peculiarities of upbringing in a family, to identify the alleged conflict zones, the degree of maturity and independence of the child.

T. G. Goryacheva The method of joint folding of the Link's cube in the diagnosis of parent-child relations // Problems of modern education: Sat. scientific. tr. / Under. ed. V.I. Kazarenkova. M., 2006; Goryacheva T. G., Trofimchuk O. N. The use of the method of joint folding of the Link's cube in the diagnosis of parent-child relations in adolescents who underwent heart surgery // Zhurn. a practical psychologist. M., 1997, No. 3; A. G. Liders Psychological examination of the family. M., 2006.

T. G. Goryacheva

Diagnostic conversation "My social circle". T. Yu. Andrushchenko. It makes it possible to reveal the nature of the child's experiences of relationships with the adults and children around him. Correlating the picture int. the child's experiences with development in a particular period of his life, the psychologist can determine the measure of well-being of the emerging conditions of age and personal development. An important feature of the technique is that the examined circle of the child's O. goes far beyond the family. The family appears in her in inseparable connection with other spheres of the child's life - the school and the courtyard. The psychologist, using graphic techniques (color, shading intensity, etc.), reveals in the conversation the circle and the nature of the child's interaction with his peers, parents and teachers around him. The conversation is built on the trail. directions: 1) establishing contact; 2) building a circle ("house") O .; 3) measures of mutual acceptance of O. participants with t. Sp. child; 4) "settlement" of the circle O .; 5) identification of the circle of sympathies - antipathies. Directions of the analysis of the content of the conversation. A qualitative analysis of the course and results of the conversation (features of the child's behavior when filling out O.'s circle with a psychologist, the nature of his statements, the result of the work) involves: a) comparing the completeness of the child's interaction with those around him in different spheres O .; b) comparing the nature of the child's experiences of his interaction with others in different spheres, identifying personally meaningful relationships, analyzing them with t. sp. tasks of age development c) revealing the child's attitude to himself as to the subject of O. (self-acceptance, position in O., etc.); d) the identification of a zone of disadvantage in the social situation of development (absence or deficit of interaction, difficulties, conflict of nature, etc.).

Andrushchenko T. Yu. Conversation "My social circle" in the diagnosis of the social situation of child development // Family psychology and family therapy. M., 1999, No. 2; A. G. Liders

A. G. Liders

Methodology "Child's interpersonal relations". René Gilles. Adapted by I. N. Gilyasheva, N. D. Ignatieva. Designed to identify the structure of a child's interpersonal relationships. The interpersonal relationship of a child is understood not only as the relationship that develops between parents and children, but also relationships that go beyond parent-child relationships in the family. The interpersonal relationships of the child also include the relationship that the child has with other adults and with other children in different ways. variants of children's interactions. The technique is a visual-verbal projective technique consisting of pictures and word problems. The pictures in the pictures are made schematically. This tactic facilitates the process of identifying the respondents with the characters depicted. The child is asked to choose a place for himself among the people depicted, or identify himself with the character occupying a particular place in the picture. In text assignments, a choice of typical forms of behavior in def. situations. In total, the methodology contains 42 questions. When examining according to this technique, a detailed story is not required from the child, it is enough to know his choice: who and in what situation the child chose, in what place and at what distance he places himself from the def. persons, what options of behavior are preferable to him in the proposed text assignments. Such simplicity and ease make it possible to apply the technique for children from senior preschool to adolescence. In this case, the general requirements for the survey procedure will be modified. The technique measures 13 parameters, which can be divided into 2 groups of variables. Variables characterizing the child's specific personal relationship with other people: 1) attitude towards the mother; 2) attitude towards the father; 3) attitude towards mother and father as a whole as parents; 4) attitude towards brothers and sisters; 5) attitude towards grandparents; 6) attitude towards a friend, girlfriend; 7) attitude towards the teacher (educator). Variables characterizing the child himself and manifested in his interpersonal relationships: 8) the degree of curiosity; 9) the degree of desire for O. with children in large groups; 10) the degree of striving for dominance and leadership; 11) conflict, aggressiveness; 12) social adequacy of behavior - a reaction to frustration; 13) the degree of isolation from others, the desire for solitude. These variables are presented on a special registration sheet. A total score is calculated for each parameter. The total score is determined by the maximum number of tasks describing this parameter and varies from 6 to 20. Thus, the technique allows you to present the results both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Gilyasheva I.N., Ignatieva N.D. Child's interpersonal relationships. M., 1994; A. G. Liders Psychological examination of the family. M., 2007.

I. N. Gilyasheva

Diagnostics of the subjective assessment of a child's interpersonal relations (SOMOR). N. Ya. Semago. It is aimed at an individual study of the child's subjective idea of ​​his relationship with the surrounding adults and children, about himself and his place in the system of the most significant social interactions for the child in the needs of psychology. counseling. The methodology of Rene Gilles is taken as a basis. The COMOR technique consists of 8 drawings, similar to those from the Rene Gilles technique, and an approximate list of questions asked by the psychologist when the child examines each drawing. The images are made schematically to facilitate the identification process and more "freedom" for the child's answers and choices. Of course, the child's level of development should be sufficient to understand the conventions of the images and the essence of the task itself. Experience shows that, for example, children with borderline retardation cope with tasks starting from the age of 7-8. The advantage of the technique is that when working with it, a detailed answer is not required from the child, which greatly facilitates the task. In a situation of refusal (or impossibility) of a child to give verbal answers, he can simply mark the positions of certain characters (point a finger, answering a specialist's question). The absence of specified "roles" in the schematic images of the characters in the pictures makes it possible to conduct research both with children from socially disadvantaged strata of society and with children living in orphanages and boarding schools left without parental care. The order of presentation of pictures and submission of questions is not strictly defined, and the psychologist can change the sequence of presentation of pictures and questions, give them in the order convenient for the child or necessary for the purposes and logic of the study. The procedure for carrying out the technique is simple, does not require any additional funds and equipment, and can be repeated at short intervals. Conducting a study using the COMOR technique with the same child before and after decomp. psychocorrectional measures makes it possible to evaluate their effectiveness.

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Scales: confidentiality of communication, mutual understanding between spouses, similarity in the views of spouses, common symbols of the family, ease of communication between spouses, psychotherapeutic communication

Test purpose

The technique is designed to study the nature of communication between spouses.

Test instructions

Select the answer that best describes your relationship with your spouse.

Test

1. Can we say that you and your wife (husband), as a rule, like the same films, books, performances?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
2. Do you often have a feeling of community, complete mutual understanding in a conversation with your wife (husband)?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
3. Do you have any favorite phrases, expressions that mean the same to both of you, and are you happy to use them?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
4. Can you predict if your wife (husband) will like the movie, book, etc.?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
5. Do you think your wife (husband) feels, do you like what she (he) says or does, if you do not tell her (him) about it directly?
1. Almost always;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Almost never;
6. Do you talk to your wife (husband) about your relationships with other people?
1. I tell you almost always;

4. I do not tell anything.
7. Do you and your wife (husband) have disagreements about what kind of relationship to maintain with relatives?
1. Yes, there are almost all the time;
2. They happen quite often;
3. There are, quite rarely;
4. No, they almost never happen.
8. How well does your wife (husband) understand you?
1. Understands very well;
2. Rather good than bad;
3. Rather bad than good;
4. Doesn't understand at all.
9. Can you say that your wife (husband) feels that you are offended or annoyed with something, but do not want to show it?
1. Yes, it is;
2. This is probably so;
3. This is unlikely to be the case;
4. No, it is not.
10. Do you think your wife (husband) tells you about her failures and mistakes?
1. Tells almost always;
2. Tells often enough;
3. Tells quite rarely;
4. Almost never tells.
11. Does it ever happen that a word or object brings up the same memory in both of you?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
12. When you are in trouble, in a bad mood, do you feel better from communicating with your wife (husband)?
1. Almost always;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Almost never.
13. Do you think there are topics on which your wife (husband) finds it difficult and unpleasant to talk to you?
1. There are a lot of such topics;
2. There are quite a few of them;
3. There are few of them;
4. There are very few such topics.
14. Does it happen that in a conversation with your wife (husband) you feel constrained, cannot find the right words?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
15. Do you and your wife (husband) have “family traditions”?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
16. Can your wife (husband) understand without words what your mood is?
1. Almost never;
2. Rarely enough;
3. Quite often;
4. Almost always;
17. Can we say that you and your wife (husband) have the same attitude towards life?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
18. Does it happen that you do not tell your wife (husband) news that is important to you, but not directly related to her (to him)?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
19. Does your wife (husband) tell you about her physical condition?
1. Tells almost everything;
2. Tells a lot;
3. Tells quite a bit;
4. Tells almost nothing.
20. Do you feel if your wife (husband) likes what you do or say if she (he) does not directly speak about it?
1. Almost always;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Almost never;
21. Can we say that you agree with each other in the assessments of most of your friends?
1. No;
2. More likely no than yes;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. Yes.
22. Do you think your wife (husband) can predict whether you will like this or that movie, book, etc.?
1. I think so;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. I think not.
23. If you happen to make a mistake, do you tell your wife (husband) about your failures?
1. I almost never tell;
2. I tell you quite rarely;
3. I tell you quite often;
4. I tell you almost always.
24. Does it happen that when you are among other people, it is enough for the wife (husband) to look at you to understand how you feel about what is happening?
1. Almost always;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Almost never;
25. How do you think your wife (husband) is frank with you?
1. Completely frank;
2. Rather frank;
3. Rather open-minded;
4. Not frank at all.
26. Can we say that it is easy for you to communicate with your wife (husband)?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
27. Do you often fool around when communicating with each other?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
28. Does it ever happen that after you told your wife (husband) about something important to you, you had to regret that you “blabbed too much”?
1. No, almost never;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Yes, almost always.
29. What do you think, does your wife (husband) have troubles, a bad mood, does it make it easier for her (him) to communicate with you?
1. No, almost never;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Yes, almost always.
30. How open are you with your wife (husband)?
1. Completely frank;
2. Rather frank;
3. Rather open-minded;
4. Completely non-honest.
31. Do you always feel when your wife (husband) is offended or annoyed by something, if she does not want to show it to you?
1. Yes, it is;
2. This is probably so;
3. This is unlikely to be the case;
4. No, it is not.
32. Does it happen that your views on some important issue for you do not coincide with the opinion of your wife (husband)?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
33. Does it happen that your wife (husband) does not share with you news that is important personally for her (him), but has no direct relation to you?
1. Very often;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Very rare.
34. Can you understand without words what mood your wife (husband) is in?
1. Almost always;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Almost never.
35. Do you and your wife (husband) often have a “we feeling”?
1. Very often;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Very rare.
36. How well do you understand your wife (husband)?
1. I don't understand at all;
2. Rather bad than good;
3. Rather good than bad;
4. I totally understand.
37. Does your wife (husband) tell you about her relationships with other people?
1. Tells practically nothing;
2. Tells quite a bit;
3. Tells a lot;
4. Tells almost everything.
38. Does it happen that in a conversation with you the wife (husband) feels tense, constrained, cannot find the right words?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
39. Do you have secrets from your wife (husband)?
1. Yes;
2. More likely to eat than not;
3. More likely not than it is;
4. No.
40. Do you often use funny nicknames when addressing each other?
1. Very often;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Very rare.
41. Are there any topics on which it is difficult and unpleasant for you to talk with your wife (husband)?
1. There are a lot of such topics;
2. There are quite a few of them;
3. There are few of them;
4. There are very few such topics.
42. Do you often have disagreements with your wife (husband) about how to raise your children?
1. Very rarely;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Very often.
43. Do you think it is possible to say that it is easy for your wife (husband) to communicate with you?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
44. Do you tell your wife (husband) about your physical condition?
1. I tell almost everything;
2. I tell you a lot;
3. I tell you quite a bit;
4. I do not tell much.
45. Do you think your wife (husband) had to regret that she (he) told you something very important for her (him)?
1. Almost never;
2. Quite rare;
3. Quite often;
4. Almost always.
46. ​​Have you ever had the feeling that you and your wife (husband) have their own language, unknown to anyone around you?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
47. Do you think your wife (husband) has secrets from you?
1. Yes;
2. More likely yes than no;
3. More likely no than yes;
4. No.
48. Does it happen that when you are among other people, it is enough for you to look at your wife (husband) in order to understand how she (he) relates to what is happening?
1. Very often;
2. Quite often;
3. Quite rare;
4. Very rare.

Processing and interpretation of test results

The key to the test

1. Confidence in communication

Assessment given to oneself: № +6; +18; -23; +30; -39; +44.
... the mark given to the spouse: № +10; +19; +25; -33; -37; -47.

2. Mutual understanding between spouses

Assessment given to oneself: No. +4; +20; -24; +31; +34; -36.
... the mark given to the spouse: No. +5; +8; +9; -16; +22; +48.

3. Similarity in the views of the spouses: № +1; -7; +17; -21; +32; +42.

4. Common symbols of the family: № +3; -11; +15; +35; +40; +46;

5. Ease of communication between spouses: № -2; +14; +26; -27; +38; +43.

6. Psychotherapeutic communication: № +12; -13; +28; -29; -41; +45.

Processing test results

Points for each answer are awarded according to the following table:

Sign, in front of the question number a b c d
+ 4 3 2 1
- 1 2 3 4

The final indicator on the scale is equal to the sum of the points scored by the respondent on this scale, divided by the number of questions in this scale.

Sources of

Methodology "Communication in the family" (Aleshina Yu.E., Gozman L.Ya., Dubovskaya E.M.) / Sizanov A.N. Know yourself: Tests, assignments, trainings, consultations. - Minsk, 2001.