Knitting lessons. Purl of the surface. How to knit purl stitch with needles? method - an increase from the number made earlier

18.06.2019

At least once in their lives, 90% of girls took knitting needles in their hands. But not everyone managed to finish even the first product. What to do to tie things up? And most importantly, how do you learn to knit? Read this article.

Without which it is impossible to learn to knit?

To learn how to knit, you need the knitting needles and yarn themselves. When choosing knitting needles, the main thing is not to get confused in the variety. There are knitting needles of different sizes and different in shape, purpose and material.

Shape: round and square. The round ones are suitable for any product and skill level. Square - for experienced needlewomen and dense knitting.
By material: plastic, metal, bamboo and ebony. Plastic knitting needles are inconvenient for knitting massive items and are fragile. Metal knitting needles are versatile but not available in large sizes. Bamboo knitting needles are suitable for beginners, but they slow down the work; with prolonged use, an oily coating appears on the hands. Ebony expensive but comfortable.
By appointment: straight, circular, flexible, hosiery, auxiliary.

The choice of yarn is varied and depends only on the preferences of the needlewoman and the capabilities of the wallet.

How to learn to knit - where to start

First you need to dial the loops. There are many ways to do this. But for the first experience, it is worth stopping at an ordinary set of two knitting needles. We throw the thread over the palm, its free end should be between the thumb and forefinger, we put the thread of the ball between the index and middle, and with the free end we turn around the thumb towards the palm, we hold both ends of the thread with three fingers.
We insert the knitting needles from bottom to top into the loop on the thumb, pick up the thread on the index finger from the middle side from top to bottom and pull it into the loop.
We take out the thumb from the loop - the first loop remains on the knitting needles. To continue typing, repeat the steps. Leave the free end of the thread twice as long as the width of the product.

How to learn to knit - knit and purl stitches

Learn to knit without knowing how the front and back loops are knitted. A diagram of how to knit them below in the picture.

How to learn to knit - types of knitting

If all rows of the product are knitted only with front loops, this is a garter stitch. And if the odd rows are front, and the even ones are purl, then this is the front surface.

How to learn to knit - edge stitches

To keep the edge of the finished product not overtightened, you need to start and end each row with an edge loop. The first loop of the row is simply removed, the last one is knitted with the purl.

How to learn to knit - close knitting

We remove the edge one, following the pattern, insert the knitting needle with the fabric into the edge one and pull the knitted loop through it. The edging was removed, one loop remained on the spoke. We repeat the steps to the end of the row. We return the last loop back to the knitting needle, cut off the thread and stretch it into the loop.

At first, do not immediately knit products with a complex pattern. Before knitting, carefully understand the pattern and believe in yourself! It is better to start not with scarves (they are boring to knit with simple patterns), as is commonly believed, but something more tangible. It can even be some kind of interior detail, for example, a blanket consisting of different patterns from front and back loops.

Many people have hobbies that they enjoy doing. Knitting is just such a pastime. Thanks to this type of activity, a variety of crafts, toys or beautiful clothes are obtained. If you have never done it, but really want to, then in your head, most likely, there is a question of how to learn to knit from scratch. If you really like this leisure option, and you are striving to master this business, acquire the necessary knitting attributes and use the step-by-step instructions below.

Necessary materials and tools used when knitting

To start knitting, prepare everything you need in advance. You won't be able to do anything without basic tools, so go to a special store where everything for needlework is sold to buy:

The yarn of the required color (of your choice).
Regular knitting needles.
Knitting needles to knit braids or plaits. Looks like normal, only curved in the middle.
Circular. Regular knitting needles connected with a special fishing line. Needed for knitting products in a circle or large canvases.
Hosiery. Comes in a set of five. Used to knit in a circle socks, necks, hats, mittens. Four knitting needles are located on the canvas in a circle, and with the help of the fifth, the loops are knitted. In this way, you get a one-piece product that has no seams.
Large needle with a large eye. It will help to stitch together the details of the product.
A paper clip for marking.
Knock-over pin to keep stitches untied.

Step-by-step instructions and knitting patterns from scratch

Once the tools and materials are ready, it's time to learn the basics of knitting. Start with the very first steps: a set of loops, sewing the front and back surfaces, knitting small napkins or fragments of any product. Don't be discouraged if something doesn't work out. In the process of learning, you will have to redo everything in a new way more than once. Below you will see step-by-step instructions on how to learn to knit with regular knitting needles from scratch.

Loop set

The very first step in the knitting process of any piece is a set of loops. To do this, use one of two main methods. From the first time, the patterns described below may seem difficult to complete, but this is all easy to remember in the process of regular knitting. Practice a few times using both options to see which one works best for you. After the description, you will find a video that clearly shows how the loops are typed.

The main method of dialing the first row using two knitting needles:

Place the thread in the middle of your palm (the end should be at the bottom, and the side that leads to the ball is opposite). Circle the upper part around the thumb with a movement from right to left and lead to the index finger, clasping it from behind. Draw the thread between the second and third fingers, put it in the palm so that both ends are grasped by the middle, ring and little fingers.
Take both knitting needles in your right hand and pry them from top to bottom on the loop that is on the thumb (on the back).
Continue moving towards the thread on the index finger, prying it up and down, and again thread the ends into the first loop.
Remove your thumb by tightening the knot on the right spoke. In this case, both working fingers must fix the ends of the thread.
Holding the loop on the knitting needles with the index finger of your right hand, lower them down towards you. It turns out that the thread is again around two fingers.
This time, knit the thread on the thumb from the bottom up from the palm side with knitting needles and again drag it into the loop on the index finger.
Then again perform the actions from p. 4.
Repeat what is indicated in step 6 to dial a whole row.

With one spoke:

Place the thread in your palm so that the end goes down.
The second side, which goes through the hand from above, bending around the index finger, and originates in a ball, then clamp between the ring and little fingers.
With a knitting needle, pry the thread towards you where it touches your index finger. Rotate the tool away from you immediately to twist the yarn around it.
Draw a knitting needle around your index finger and insert it under the thread, pulling it towards you (you will be able to remove the yarn from your finger).
For each new buttonhole, follow the movements indicated in step 4.

How to learn to knit knit and purl loops

The knitting process of any product is always based on a certain technique, which consists of two types of loops: front and back. Only their number changes in accordance with the instructions of the selected drawing. Study the diagram carefully before starting work so as not to get confused. After reviewing the step-by-step description, you can reinforce the instructions by watching the video.

Front loop in the first way:

Hold the thread at the back of the product.
Pass the free knitting needle into the middle of the loop.
Pull the thread leading to the ball from the back wall, grasping it with a knitting needle in a downward motion. Cast off the loop that was on the left needle.

Face loop in the second way:

The pattern remains the same as in the first method, only this time grab the working thread from the side of the front wall of the loop.

Purl stitch, first method:

Always hold the working thread in front of the workpiece.
Insert the free knitting needle behind the front wall of the loop.
Place the working thread under the tool in your right hand.
Pull the caught thread into the loop.

Purl type of knitting, the second way:

Insert the free knitting needle behind the front wall of the loop, move the tool to the right so that the satin stitch is under it.
Throw the working thread over the knitting needle to pull it through the loop.

Gum knitting lesson 22

The technique of knitting elastic band 22 is an alternation of two types of knitting: front and back, two loops of each option. This is how the bottom of sweaters, vests, sleeves, necks, cardigans are knitted. For how this technique is performed, see the step-by-step instructions below. After studying it, consolidate your skills in the video below. The sequence of execution of the elastic band 22 is as follows:

Fold the first loop onto a free knitting needle. This is necessary for the edge to be beautiful.
From the second loop, knit two knits, then two purl.
Continue this to the end of the row.
Always knit the last buttonhole as purl, regardless of the pattern.

Knitting a tourniquet

Knitting of any pattern always involves counting loops and rows. You will perform them, both with purl and front satin stitch. A tourniquet is a pigtail, its creation requires alternating knitting options through a certain number of loops. Check out the step-by-step instructions below on how to fit this pattern correctly. Here's an example of knitting 12 stitches wide. If the description turns out to be incomprehensible to you, reinforce the technique by checking the steps in the video.

In this case, the pigtail is made in the center and consists of six loops. Begin the row with purl three.
After - knit 6 loops with the front stitch.
The last three are purl.
Repeat the next row, only this time first knit three loops of the front surface, and then according to the pattern.
When the braid posts need to be rotated on the canvas, tie at least up to four rows as described above.
When you reach the next front row, where the pattern changes, knit three purl loops.
Then the pigtail begins, which is knitted with the front stitch. Skip the first three loops of the rope, and continue knitting with the fourth.
Remove all 4 hinges carefully. You can put them on a pin.
Place the knitted stitch over the right knitting needle. And three unconnected - return to the left.
Then knit according to the picture.
Be sure to remember how many rows there are before each twisting of the tourniquet so that the pattern turns out to be beautiful and neat.

How to tie an English elastic band

This knitting method provides for a technique that is also based on a combination of the purl and front surface. English elastic is used to create the bottom of sweaters, sleeves, the edges of socks, cuffs on slippers or mittens. For a comprehensive lesson mastery, study the step-by-step instructions and video below, in which the wizard shows the sequence for performing the English gum.

Cast on two knitting needles, knit one row 11: alternating the front - purl.
From the next line, the drawing of an English elastic band begins: throw the first loop onto the tool in your right hand, and knit the next one, like the front one.
After - sew the yarn over the right knitting needle. Work in a purl loop. Continue in this style, alternating between the two knits.
Knit the next row like this: remove the first loop, and knit the second knit in two with a crochet at the end.

Knitting a pattern "Bumps"

After looking at the following diagram, you will get acquainted with an interesting pattern in the form of openwork patterns called "Bumps". To complete it, you will need a special technique that you can learn. This pattern is used for knitting various sweaters, hats, scarves, mittens. Follow the step-by-step instructions below to learn how to do this. The video below will help you consolidate the lesson.

In the new row, throw the first loop onto the right knitting needle, and knit the second with a purl. The next five will be knit with a crochet (as described in the knitting English elastic lesson), but knit them from one loop of the current row.
Then there are three purl loops.
Continue alternating to the end of the row. Stretch it out and move on to the next one.
Here the knitting sequence changes: first comes the front loop.
Each "Bump" is located on five rows, and the sixth - covers the picture.
Throw the first loop to the other knitting needle, knit the next one as knit.
Then there are 5 loops - pass a knitting needle through them and knit another knit one.
Knit the next three loops with the front stitch.
Repeat the above steps to the end of the row.
Knit the next row completely with purl loops.

How to close the hinges

When the product is ready, you need to finish knitting correctly. For this, the loops are closed so that the canvas does not bloom. You can learn such a technique by reading the step-by-step instructions below. If at some point it is not clear or you need to fix the knitting method, watch the video tutorial attached below.

Work the first two stitches. You will get a new one from them - throw it over the left knitting needle.
Repeat the movement, only using the resulting loop. Pull the product slightly and continue knitting.
Pull the thread through two loops: you will again have a new one - put it on the left knitting needle.
Continue this to the end of the row until all the loops are over.
At the very end, you will be left with one loop. Knit it, pull out the knitting needle and tighten the thread.

How to learn to read knitting patterns

To facilitate the process of creating a conceived product with any pattern, there are detailed schemes with a description of the knitting technique. However, these instructions are sometimes difficult to read, especially if you are an inexperienced knitter, because they use certain abbreviations. Be sure to pay attention to the decryption, which is given at the end, or remember the basic abbreviation. Additionally, there are some rules for reading diagrams. You can familiarize yourself with them below.

If you are using a pattern that describes knitting in a circle, then read it from right to left.
Always read the instructions before knitting so you don't waste time reading while you work.
The edge loop is indicated by a plus sign, and its abbreviation looks like this: “chrome. NS.".
The purl is abbreviated as “out. NS.". You can find it in the diagram using the white square, which is crossed out inside.
The front loop in the schemes is shortened as "l. NS." and denoted by a black square.
The nakid is abbreviated as "n." and has a sign in the form of a triangle without a base.

Knitting video tutorials for beginners

If you are enthusiastic and seriously decided to learn how to knit some models of things beautifully, first try to create a simple product - footprints. Then use the different beginner tutorials to get you knitting skills. For example, watch the four videos below that show in detail how to knit an original scarf; independently create two options for warm socks for the winter; make cute baby booties for the youngest member of the family.

A detailed lesson on knitting a scarf

Video course on knitting socks

An easy way to knit booties for beginners

Knitting is one of the most common types of needlework that a good half of humanity is fond of. Would you like to join these lucky ones and master the knitting technique? Then take advantage of this tutorial on the basics of knitting for beginners. Thanks to detailed instructions with illustrations and video tutorials, you will master the basics of a set of loops, learn to knit with front and back, learn how to close rows, and master the skills of knitting complex patterns.

Tools and materials

Knitting needles are the main knitting tools. They differ in composition, they can be aluminum, steel, wood, plastic, bone, etc. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

If you need thin knitting needles, give preference to steel - they are more durable, and if you need thick knitting needles for needlework, choose wood, bone, plastic. Aluminum knitting needles are best used for knitting dark things as they tend to leave marks and get dirty.

The spokes have their own sizes, which are expressed in numbers. The number is expressed in millimeters and indicates the diameter of the spoke.

The rule for selecting knitting needles: the thinner the knitting needles, the tighter the knitting.

There are three main types of knitting needles:

ordinary (limited by a tip at one end, Fig. 1a);
hosiery (a set of 5 knitting needles, each of which does not have a limiter, suitable for circular knitting, for example, socks, mittens, gloves, Fig. 1b);
circular (they are two knitting needles connected by an elastic cord, suitable for circular knitting of large parts, raglan fig. 1c).

For needlework, you will need each of them.

We suggest studying a video review of existing types of knitting needles.

Yarn is the main material of the needlewoman. The choice of yarn depends on how the future product will look. There are many types of yarn: natural, synthetic, semi-synthetic. Let's demonstrate the main ones:

Woolen;
Merino wool;
Cashmere;
Mohair;
Angora;
Alpaca;
Silk;
Cotton;
Bamboo;
Acrylic;
Microfiber;
Nylon;
Blended fibers;
Chenille;
Pile yarn;
Bulky yarn;
Ribbon;
Bouclé yarn;
Rubber thread.

Types of loops

If you decide to learn how to knit, then first of all you need to master the technique of a set of loops. There are at least four options for a set of loops. Let's take a look at each of them.

The classic way. The most common version of a set of loops. Presented schematically.

The technique of recruiting loops in the classical way is presented in the video tutorial.

Continental single-spoke dialing method.

English way. Presented in the diagram.

Slipknot.

Examples of a set of loops in different ways are presented in the video. Choose a method that is convenient for you.

The basis of knitting is knitting and purl loops. Wide horizons will open up for you to create a variety of complex patterns with simple loops, if you master the technique of knitting them.

By knitting all the rows with the front loops, you get a garter stitch.

If you knit one row with the front loops, the other with the purl loops, you get a hosiery knitting.

Knit stitches can also be knitted in a variety of ways. The most common is classic. The knitting pattern for knitting stitches in the pictures is presented below. The main rule: the first loop (edging) is never knitted, it is always removed.

Learn to knit purl loops based on the pattern.

Before you start knitting yourself, you should study a video master class that teaches you how to knit front and back stitches in the classical way.

Closing the loops

It is also an important part of learning to knit - closing a row. Watch the thread tension when closing the row, it should be the same so as not to deform the fabric. The method of closing the row depends on the type of knitting pattern.

The process of closing a row in the classical way is shown in the diagram.

You will learn how to close the loops in different ways by studying the video tutorials.

Simple patterns and patterns

After we have acquired the skills of typing and knitting simple loops, we can begin to master the patterns.

You should start with the simple ones. How to knit a garter stitch, we will show in the diagram. This is the simplest of the existing patterns, since each row is knitted only with front loops. Thus, a simple, but at the same time very interesting relief is obtained.

How to learn to knit a garter stitch is described and shown in the video tutorial.

Pay attention to how stylish and beautiful things are obtained with such a pattern.

A magnificent laconic garter stitch jacket with a diagram and description in front of you.

The pattern "stocking knitting" or, as it is also called, "front surface" is not much more complicated. The only caveat is that each front row is knitted with front loops, and the wrong one - with purl loops. The pattern is shown below.

Learn to knit hosiery using a video tutorial.

Excellent scarves and sweaters, snoods and cardigans, hats and socks, dresses and vests are made using the front satin stitch technique.

Knitting tools

A long time ago, craftswomen used different knitting tools. Since then, nothing has changed, except that the spokes themselves have been slightly modernized. For all the girls who want, there are so many comfortable main and auxiliary knitting needles. And you need to learn more about all of them. Let's take a look at everything separately:

Spoke types

Regular knitting needles... Such a tool is made from lightweight materials. They come in different thicknesses and lengths. These knitting needles can be used in almost any knitting, except for circular knitting. If you are making a large canvas, then knitting needles with a tip at one end may come in handy. Thanks to these knitting needles, you can not worry that the loops may fall or come down. Knitting needles and harnesses... This tool specifically exists for knitting a pigtail element, or rather, in order to facilitate crossing the loops when knitting. Often used for cardigans, and other bulky things. These knitting needles have an unusual shape, they look like ordinary knitting needles that are slightly curved in the middle. Usually the size of this tool is from 2.5 to 4 mm.
Circular knitting needles... They also have different diameters, but they differ in appearance from the usual ones. Usually the length of such knitting needles is not very long, a special fishing line is attached to the ends, the fishing line is usually either metal or plastic. Usually when you knit in a circle or you have a canvas with a large set of loops, then you take circular knitting needles. Also, this knitting needle can be used when you make some patterns, due to the fact that you can knit in forward and reverse spraying, for example, if you need to make 2 front and two back rows in a pattern.
Stocking needles... You should have five of these knitting needles in your kit. These knitting needles are needed in order to knit in a circle such things as sweater necks, socks, dresses, raglans, mittens, gloves and so on. Usually the product is on 4 knitting needles, and the fifth is needed in order to knit loops that are on one of the four knitting needles. With the help of knitting needles, you can also make products without seams.
Needle... The needle is needed in order to sew the parts yourself. Usually, craftswomen take a large gypsy with a large ear, so that a thread can be easily inserted through it.
Marking paper clip... Thanks to this tool, you can control the number of loops and rows, or when you need to mark a place on the product.
Pin... If you need to leave a certain number of loops unattached, then a pin helps you here. To do this, you just need to throw the loops over it, but then the pin should be long, about 10 cm or more.

How to support the size of the knitting needles and what kind of yarn is

In order for the products to turn out well, you need to know how to choose the right threads and the size of the knitting needles, because it is this factor that affects the future of the canvas.

How to choose the size of the knitting needles

Each knitting needle, regardless of the purpose, has its own number. Sometimes it is indicated not only on the packaging, but also on the spoke itself, because without it you can inadvertently get confused. The needle number is equal to the size of its diameter. There are more than ten numbers among the spokes.

Spoke sizes

As the rules tell us. The knitting needle should be twice as thick as the strand you choose. But since each person has their own knitting technique, then all this must be chosen only individually. For those girls who knit loops with their own hands more freely, knitting needles with a diameter of 1.5 times thicker than yarn are perfect, and those who knit tightly can buy knitting needles 2.5 times more than threads.

In order for your elastic band to be elastic and resilient, then you need to take a tool with the same diameter as the yarn, or 1.5 times thicker.

So if you decide to knit openwork, summer and light things, then choose thin knitting needles with numbers 1 and 2. If the things and the thread itself are denser, and created in several folds, then a great option for knitting needles is a diameter of 2.5-3 cm . the third number of the tool and above, suitable for bulky and dense things, in which there is a thick thread. These knitting needles are suitable for knitting hats, jackets, bags, pullovers, coats and jackets.

Yarn types

Cotton... Any pattern can be knitted with cotton, and it even turns out to be very beautiful.

Mohair made from wool and looks like fluffy yarn. Winter warm clothes are made of mohair.

Fancy yarn... In another way, it is also called melange yarn. It is composed of artificial and natural fibers. Melange can be of different shapes, for example, bumps or boucle.

Shiny... It includes a mixture of any yarn and viscose or acrylic.

Fancy yarns... In this thread, fibers are mixed, which are not only different in color, but also in quality, they are made using a special technology.

Woolen... This yarn is made from sheep's wool. It can be used for multicolor, smooth or embossed designs.

When choosing yarns and knitting needles, you should also pay attention to:

Of the knitting needles, it is best to choose those that are lighter, then the hands will not get tired of their weight.
There should be no roughness on the needles.
You need to be very careful when choosing a thread. The thread must have a strong color, or the connected things will shed. Also, the thread must have one more property, be elastic, high quality and durable. Then this will help to preserve the canvas for a long time, and it will not deform. Sometimes in a ball, the thread can be uneven, that is, have a different diameter in different areas. Because of this, the knitted product can turn out to be sloppy and ugly. You can work with such yarn only when you make embossed patterns so that there are no irregularities and you could turn them into advantages.
The tips of the knitting needles should not be too sharp so that you do not prick on them, but the ends should also not be blunt. Then knitting itself will turn into real flour. In the first case, you will simply injure all your hands, and in the second it will be difficult for you to pick up the loop with a knitting needle.
When choosing knitting needles, you should also look at their material of manufacture. For example, bamboo knitting needles are very uncomfortable, they have a short lifespan and are very fragile. If you are knitting light-colored items, then aluminum knitting needles will not work, because they can leave dark spots on the fabric. Steel knitting needles are heavy, but they are considered practical.
If the yarn is very twisted, then you do not need to take it for knitting, because the pattern will be deformed as well as the product itself.
If you want to correctly calculate the number of threads needed, then it is worth knowing not only the model and size, but also the drawing. After all, the denser the knitting, the more material is needed for the canvas.
The number of threads should not be counted by the number of balls, but one should look at the mass, because different companies do not always have the same footage.
on the label you can see the length of the yarn, it is usually indicated by numbers, which writes the number of meters of thread per gram of its weight. The thicker the thread, the smaller the number. If you see a fractional number on the label, then the thread number indicates the diameter and number of threads from which the yarn is made.
in order not to run again, you need to take a little more yarn than you thought.

Start knitting

If you decide to learn how to knit and for the first time took this tool in your hands, then you need to know the technique of correct positioning of the thread and knitting needles, as well as know how to correctly type the initial loops. For a set of eyelets, you can use one of the following methods. The first method is suitable for the main set, the second method is needed when it is necessary to remove the canvas or dial additional loops:

1 main way... Loops must be cast on two knitting needles, this is necessary so that the loops are not tightly pulled together when dialing, and further loops can be easily knitted. You need to take the knitting needles in your left hand, and at the same time you need to hold them just above the beginning with three fingers: index, thumb and middle. On the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, you need to put the thread so that the end of the thread is on the index finger and goes into the palm, and the other end, which extends from the ball, wraps the thumb and goes into the palm. With the other fingers of the hand you need to hold the ends of the thread. When you position the threads correctly, then you need to eat the knitting needle under the thread that lies on the index finger, and then the end that is on the thumb. Next, move the knitting needles to the index finger and hook the thread that lies on it, using the movement first directed upwards, then downwards, then thread through the loop that formed on the thumb - knitting needles and thread. When you have made the first loop, the thread must be removed from the finger, and the loop formed on the knitting needle is pulled. Next, place the threads on the thumb and forefinger and knit the second and other loops in the same way. When you have knitted a certain number of loops, then you need to remove the knitting needle from the loop.

2 way... Put the knitting needles in your right hand, in the same way as described in the first method. Next, put the working thread on the index finger of your left hand and pry it with knitting needles and remove the loop formed on the finger. Next, pull up the thread that is on the ball until you get a not too tight and even loop.

The main types of loops and knitting techniques

After you have learned how to knit the first loops of a row, then you need to master the technique of knitting with knitting needles of the main loops that make up any pattern. These loops are called front and back loops. Here is the process by which these loops are knitted:

in order to make a front loop, you need to put a free knitting needle in the middle of the loop, then pull out a working thread from it, so you will make a front loop.
20 purl loops are made as follows: put a free knitting needle behind the loop wall in the direction from left to right, then, in front of this loop, put on a working thread and pull through the loop, making a movement from left to right.

Using the above loops, you can make the following knits:

shawl
hosiery
different types of rubber bands
openwork and others

Also, if you alternate the purl and front loops, then you can perform a variety of patterns, the simplest of which can be rhombuses and squares. Of the more complex knits, different patterns can be named. And if you learn to read them, you can make any little thing.

Knitting patterns and how to read them

Nowadays there are a large number of different patterns invented that show different knitting techniques. Thanks to these diagrams, you can see and understand how the product is created. Diagrams also help to shorten sometimes long descriptions into words. Any knitting magazine has these patterns. Some are immediately scared as soon as they look at them, but in fact there is nothing scary and difficult here. You just need to look at the decoding of all the designations that are in the diagram. You can memorize the basic diagrams or read a few rules for reading them:

if the scheme is made for a canvas that knits in a circle, then they must be read from right to left.
if you knit a rectangular product, where the knitting goes from two sides, the beginning of the diagram is at the bottom, and the analysis of the diagram must be read alternately in one direction, then in the other. For purl rows - from left to right, and vice versa for front rows.
it is necessary to study the schemes before knitting itself and to find out all the unclear points.

There are such designations for the most used and frequent loops:

edging or abbreviated chrome p., sign +
purl purl. a sign in the form of a white square crossed out in the middle.
front lp sign - black square
yarn n. ^ sign

Finishing knitting

When you finish crocheting, at the end of the work one loop is fixed, with knitting needles it is necessary to complete the product by closing all the loops of the row. This should be done like this:

Starting with the hem, the first two loops are knitted with the front, if it is the front side, and if the wrong side, then the purl loops.

Then again knit 2 loops together and throw a new loop onto the left knitting needle. You need to knit loops until one loop remains on the left knitting needle, then it is hooked. It is necessary to thread a hook into the loop, grab the working thread and pull it through the last loop of the row. Next, you need to cut the thread and tighten the resulting loop into the knot.

After you have learned the necessary information and learned the basic knitting techniques, as well as bought all the necessary materials, then you can safely start creating amazing things not only for yourself, but also for your loved ones and friends. After all, it's always a pleasure to make a variety of products with your own hands.

Clever girl! Needlewoman! Golden pens! " How much I want to hear such compliments more often! But what if you usually hear completely different words in your address? Of course, do not despair, do not have complexes, but proudly throw up your head, arm yourself with needles, threads, crochet hooks and knitting needles - and begin to train hard. Remember the dashing cowboys from the westerns? How do they draw out their Colt in an instant and send a bullet at the enemy? You don’t think that these dark romantic beauties from birth knew how to handle weapons so dexterously! So let's have some fun and play cowboys. Only instead of revolvers we will have sewing accessories in our hands. Three two one!..

Knitting

One of the most common and favorite types of needlework is knitting. Despite the fact that the history of knitting goes back more than one century, it is very popular and in demand to this day. And this is not surprising, because in fact, using the simplest items - yarn and knitting needles - you can create unique things for which there is always a demand.

How to choose yarn for knitting

The choice of yarn these days is truly huge. Going into any specialty store, you can simply be confused by its diversity. But in order to knit a specific product, you need to choose the right yarn for it, since the appearance of the product and its durability largely depend on this.

Woolen yarn is made from the wool of various animals. Usually synthetic threads are added to it (in various proportions), thereby improving its properties. The fact is that pellets form on purely woolen things, and they lose their attractiveness.

Cotton and linen yarn is suitable for summer and children's clothes, because it is very breathable, does not cause allergies and is skin-friendly. It is possible to knit beautiful openwork patterns and dense embossed arans from it.

There is a large line of different pile yarns (for example, mohair, angora wool), which make things light, warm and unusually beautiful. Knit them with thick enough knitting needles so that they do not fall off during the wash process, so the work usually progresses very quickly.

In recent years, a large number of types of fancy yarns (grass, ribbon, tweed, fringe, etc.) have appeared. The finished fabric from it has an interesting surface, therefore, such yarn is often used to finish the product.

There is also a wide selection of 100% synthetic yarns (viscose, acrylic, nitron), from which inexpensive, but quite comfortable and attractive things are knitted. In addition, acrylic is often chosen for children's clothing as it does not cause allergies.

How to choose knitting needles

To knit beautiful quality products, it is important to choose the right knitting needles. They can be made of wood, aluminum, steel, plastic, bamboo, the main thing is that they must be smooth so that the yarn moves along them completely freely. Various burrs and roughness can split the yarn, and this will certainly affect the appearance of the thing.

The knitting needles are distinguished by numbers that correspond to their diameter in millimeters. There are 20 numbers in total, from 1 to 10, including half numbers (eg 2.5, 6.5). The numbers are usually written on one end of the spoke. For a beginner knitter, for the first time, it is enough to have knitting needles of two or three numbers, but over time it makes sense to purchase the entire set.

To work on a certain thing, the knitting needles are chosen depending on the thickness of the yarn, which should be about twice as thin as the knitting needles. Choosing the right knitting needles, you can do the following: fold the thread in half and twist it a little.

The diameter of the resulting thread should be equal to the diameter of the needles. If the knitting needles you choose are too thin, then the knitted fabric will turn out to be inelastic, and it will be difficult to work. When choosing too thick knitting needles, knitting turns out to be loose and does not hold its shape well.

Manufacturers of yarn usually indicate the recommended thickness of the knitting needles on the labels, but much depends on how the craftswoman knits - tight or weak. Therefore, you need to knit several samples with knitting needles of a suitable thickness and choose the one that you like more than others.

Knitting needles are ordinary (one-end), sock (hosiery) and circular (Fig.).

Rice. Types of knitting needles: a) single-ended, b) hosiery, c) circular

Plain knitting needles are used to knit flat products: sweaters, scarves, cardigans.

Sock knitting needles are designed for knitting hosiery.

Circular knitting needles are used to knit tubular items such as hats, skirts, mittens.

The products are made without a seam and fit better on the figure.

Knitting technique

The first thing a beginner knitter needs to learn is a set of first row loops. There are many types of sets - classic, Italian, with a thickened edge, but we will consider the simplest and most often used - the classic set.

To do it, yarn is thrown onto the left hand of the hand, forming a loop on the thumb. Please note that the end of the thread that goes down from the thumb must be long enough in order to collect the required number of loops (Fig.).

Rice. The location of the thread on the fingers when a set of loops

The thread hanging from the index finger goes to the ball. In the right hand, take two knitting needles folded together. The set must be made with two knitting needles so that the edge of the product is not tightened. Next, make the first loop. To do this, insert the knitting needles into the loop near the thumb, grab the thread lying on the index finger (Fig.) And bring it through the loop near the index finger.

Rice. Knitting needle insertion and catching the working thread

All subsequent loops required for a specific product, knit in the same way. Then take out one knitting needle and continue knitting with the selected pattern, remembering that the first loop is never knitted, but simply removed from the knitting needle onto the knitting needle. The only exception is circular knitting, in which the fabric is knitted continuously.

All knitting patterns are based on front and back stitches. When knitting a front classic buttonhole, the thread should always be at work. Insert the right knitting needle into the loop from left to right, pick up the thread lying on the finger and pull it into the loop (Fig.).

Rice. Knitting a classic knit stitch

This method is also called knitting "for the front wall". There is also the so-called "grandmother's front loop", or crossed loop, which is knitted behind the back wall, i.e. introducing the needle into the loop (Fig.).

Rice. Knitting a crossed front loop

When knitting a purl loop, the thread should always be in front of work. In this case, the usual purl loop is knitted behind the front wall. In order to knit a purl loop, insert a knitting needle inside the loop and, grabbing the thread, pull it through the loop (Fig. A, b).

Rice. a, b. Knitting a purl loop for the front wall

Another type of purl loop, which is called grandmother's, crossed or English, is knitted behind the back wall. To do this, insert the right knitting needle into the loop behind the back wall and pull the working thread through it (Fig.).

Rice. Knitting a purl loop behind the back wall

When knitting such things as sweaters, sweaters, tops, etc., you cannot do without adding and decreasing loops, since you will need to knit a neckline, a sleeve, etc.

Reducing the loops is done in the event that you need to reduce the knitted fabric. To do this, knit two loops together with that loop (front or purl), which needs to be done according to the pattern. To expand the canvas, add loops by knitting an additional loop from the gap between the loops.

After the end of knitting, the loops of the last row must be fastened so that the canvas does not bloom. This is done in several ways. You can close the row with a crochet hook, needle or knitting needles. In the latter case, proceed as follows: knit the first loop, put it back on the left knitting needle, knit two loops together. The resulting loop is put on the left knitting needle again, two loops are knitted together and repeat this until the end of the row until the last loop remains. Then the thread is cut, leaving the tip 4-5 cm long, the end is threaded through the loop and tightened.

In order for the knitted product to sit well on the figure, starting knitting, it is imperative to knit a sample, and then make a calculation on it. You should not use the ready-made calculations given in knitting magazines, because even if the thread thickness and the number of knitting needles coincide, your individual knitting density will not be taken into account.

It is not at all difficult to make a calculation. For example, you decide to knit a stole, the width of which is 60 cm. Tie a sample of the intended product with a selected pattern measuring about 50 loops by 40 rows, measure it. Wash the finished sample, dry it and steam it with an iron (do not steam embossed patterns). Then measure again. This is necessary in order to know in advance whether the product will change significantly after washing. Now do the calculation. Let's say the length of the canvas is 20 cm. Dividing the length by the number of loops, we find out that 1 loop is equal to 4 mm. Since we need a thing 60 cm wide, we divide 60 by 0.4 cm and we get that it is necessary to cast on 150 loops.