Baby's winter diet How and what to feed a child after a year and up to a year and a half, nutritional features, an approximate menu What vegetables can a baby

Update: December 2018

From the moment a child reaches the age of one, his diet gradually expands and changes. But this does not mean at all that after a year the child needs to be transferred to an adult diet, his digestive system is not yet ready to digest many products of an adult table, and pancreatic enzymes and bile are not yet fully functionally active.

Nutrition for children up to one and a half years

The nutrition of a child after 1 year changes, gradually and smoothly approaching the table of adults. What are the features of nutrition after a year:

• children become more active and tidy at the table, they learn how to use cutlery, drink from a cup, use a napkin
• children actively drink water, washing it down with food, doing it many times during a meal
• children can eat on the move, it is often difficult to keep them at the table, and they periodically run up to the mother, take pieces of food, and continue to move, spin in a chair, scatter food
• they show selectivity in food, they can sort out food, throwing out what they think is tasteless from the plate, arrange "strike", demanding certain foods.

These are the features of the eating behavior of children, all parents go through these stages of the formation of the taste and eating habits of the child.

Usually, after the age of one year, children switch to five meals a day. Typically, a child's diet looks like:

• Breakfast (8.00-8.30)
• Second breakfast (10.30-11.00)
• Lunch (12.30-13.00)
• Afternoon snack (15.30.-16.00)
• Dinner (18.30-19.00)

In between meals, there may be small snacks with fruits or light desserts, juices, compotes. It is important not to give children high-calorie foods during these snacks (sweet cookies, rolls, sweets, chocolate, sweets), so that the child has an appetite for the next meal.

Usually children in the first year of life receive breast milk or adapted milk formulas as the main food. The nutrition of a child after 1 year undergoes some changes, especially from the type of feeding:

• When breastfeeding mother's milk is gradually replaced by complementary foods during the daytime and becomes an additional food. But, according to WHO, breastfeeding after a year does not need to be completed, it is advisable to continue it up to one and a half to two years, gradually and smoothly weaning the child from the breast. In the period up to a year and a half, breastfeeding can still be maintained in the daytime before bedtime and as snacks between meals, gradually feeding is reduced to sucking the breast for a night's sleep and at night, as well as breastfeeding not for nutrition, but mostly for communication and soothing .
• When a child is on adapted mixtures, there is a transition to triad mixes, special dairy products that are designed to replace cow's milk at this age, which is not recommended in the diet of young children due to high allergenicity. The mixture is mainly given at night, replaced by regular products during the day.

Why is the diet of children changing? Peculiarities of children's digestion.

The expansion of the diet and the change in dietary patterns is determined by the peculiarities of the development of the child's digestive tract. After a year, there is an active teething of the teeth of the chewing group (there should be 12 of them), there is a sharp increase in the concentration of digestive juices and the activity of intestinal and pancreatic enzymes. This helps to facilitate the digestion of new and denser food, its active assimilation.

The appearance of teeth requires an increase in the chewing load on them for the correct and complete formation of the dentoalveolar apparatus and the facial skeleton. A child at this age learns to chew pieces of food about 2-3 cm in size and a relatively loose consistency. Chewing helps in the development of the muscles and bones of the jaw, which forms the correct bite and proper grinding of food for its active digestion.

• The child begins to consume large amounts of food due to an increase in the volume of the stomach to about 250-300 ml, while its emptying from food occurs approximately every 3-4 hours from the moment of the previous intake.
• This causes the formation of a new mode of eating, at first five meals a day, and as they grow older, the transition to four meals a day by the age of three years.
• The volume of food per day at this age is about 1200-1300 ml, the volume of the average portion of food with five meals a day is approximately 250 ml with slight deviations within 30-50 g.
• The consistency of food with the appearance of teeth should gradually thicken from mushy to the usual soft consistency food (boiled vegetables, cereals, pasta, meatballs, meatballs, etc.), which can be bitten and chewed.

During this period, eating habits and eating habits are formed, so now is the time to offer the child a variety of (allowed, healthy) foods for testing so that he learns to eat different foods. When eating, digestive juices are actively produced, which helps in the active assimilation of food. At this age, strict adherence to the diet is important, which helps to "turn on" digestion by a certain time and adequately absorb all the components of food.

Features of cooking for young children

• food should be fully cooked, food should not be overcooked, preferably steam cooking or simmering
• food is prepared directly for its reception, it is unacceptable to warm it up and store it even for a day in the refrigerator, this sharply reduces its nutritional value and increases the risk of spoilage, contamination with dangerous microbes and food poisoning, especially in the warm season
• soups and cereals are cooked in a pureed form, vegetables and fruits are kneaded with a fork, meat and fish are given in the form of minced meat, chopped products or souffle
• dishes are cooked in boiled, stewed or steam form without adding spices, garlic and pepper to them.

Basic requirements for the diet of children

The nutrition of a child under the age of one and a half years should be:

• correct and balanced in all major components
• the menu should be varied, composed for a week with different dishes and products
• adjusted for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral components.

This is achieved by a combination in the daily diet of vegetables and fruits, meat or fish dishes, dairy products, flour products and cereals.

It is important to immediately decide what products a child can eat, taking into account the state of health and characteristics of early development.

During the first year of life, a child could have a food allergy or an individual intolerance to foods, which will exclude these foods from the diet for up to two or three years. As they grow older, it will be possible to carefully try to introduce them into the diet under the control of tolerance.

Comparative characteristics of the diet up to 3 years

Main characteristics	From 1 to 1.6 years	From 1.6 to 3 years
The number of teeth a child has	8-12 pieces, front incisors and chewing premolars. Biting and chewing only soft food is possible.	20 teeth, all groups of teeth for biting, grinding and chewing food
Stomach volume	250-300 ml	300-350 ml
Number of meals	5 meals a day	4 meals a day
The volume of one meal	250 ml	300-350 ml
Daily amount of food	1200-1300 ml	1400-1500 ml.
Distribution of calorie intake	First breakfast - 15% Second breakfast 10% Lunch - 40% Snack - 10% Dinner - 25%.	Breakfast - 25% Lunch - 35% Snack - 15% Dinner - 25%.

It is also necessary to know what foods a child under the age of one and a half can eat, and what basic characteristics food products for children should have. Here is a sample list of these products.

Necessary products for a child up to one and a half years

	Can	Not desirable	Approximately how many gr. in a day
Vegetables	cabbage, beets, carrots, zucchini, pepper, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, squash, pumpkin, etc. potatoes (no more than 40% of the daily norm of vegetables) green onion, dill, parsley, basil, cilantro	radish, radish, garlic with caution legumes (lentils, peas, beans)	200 -300 gr.
Fruit	apple, pear, cherry, plum, apricot, peach pureed berries - gooseberries, currants, raspberries, cranberries, strawberries	grape citrus other exotic fruits	100-200 gr.
Dairy products	kefir - 2.5-3.2% yogurt - 3.2% sour cream - 10% cream - 10% cottage cheese - 5-9% sour cream, cream, cheese - for dressing in soups, salads, side dishes	milk any dairy products with additives, with a long shelf life	Every day: kefir, yogurt: 200-300 ml. In one day: cottage cheese 50-100 gr. Total milk 400 ml. in a day
Cereals, bread, pasta	gluten-free cereals (buckwheat, rice and corn) containing gluten (wheat, oats, rye), artek, hercules, semolina, poltavka	—	black bread: 10g. white bread: 40g. pasta, porridge for garnish: 100 gr. porridge 200-250 gr.
A fish	cod hake or pollock zander sea ​​bass	fish broth fish with a large number of small bones - ide, bream, carp, etc.	1-2 times a week, 100 gr.
Meat, poultry	turkey, rabbit veal, beef chicken lamb by-products: tongue, liver, heart	any meat semi-finished products (sausages, sausages, sausages, dumplings, etc.) of industrial production lard, lamb, fatty pork meat of wild animals, wild waterfowl	100 gr.
Egg	chicken quail	—	1 PC. chicken, 2 pcs. quail

About dairy products

Dairy products should be indispensable components of the diet of a child up to one and a half years. However, the most important question for today - ? The baby’s gastrointestinal tract is not able to fully assimilate whole milk until the age of 2, because the necessary enzymes are not yet available (for some, this enzyme is not produced in the future throughout life). In this regard, the introduction of whole cow's milk is not recommended before 2-3 years. In addition, today there is a massive allergization of the population, especially among children, including a growing number of cases of development. You need to be especially careful with milk:

• children with atopic dermatitis
• in the presence of milk intolerance by the parents of the child
• children with digestive disorders.

Breastfed babies don't need whole cow's milk by definition, they get their mother's milk. For children on artificial mixtures, it is better to replace the intake of cow's milk with special milk mixtures, triads, fermented milk products.

Dairy products are rich in easily digestible animal protein, animal fat, as well as a set of vitamins and minerals necessary for the growth and development of the baby. Dairy products contain beneficial bacteria that help the intestines, support the growth and functioning of their own microflora, and stimulate the immune system.

• Dairy products should be in the diet daily - kefir, yogurt, yogurt
• Every other day - cottage cheese, cheeses, sour cream or cream
• For children with normal body weight, the intake of low-fat or low-fat dairy products is not recommended.
• The daily volume of dairy products, taking into account their costs for cooking, is at least 400 ml.
• The consumption of milk in cereals, cottage cheese in dishes, sour cream and cream in dishes is taken into account.

It is worth considering the fact that today in Russia, many manufacturers, in order to reduce production costs, include palm oil in dairy products, which is much cheaper than milk fat, and it is not always indicated on product labeling (or simply vegetable fats are indicated). Therefore, very cheap dairy products (butter, cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese, etc.) most likely contain it. Disputes about the dangers and benefits of palm oil have been going on for a long time, and it is not necessary to unequivocally state that it is harmless to the child's body.

It is clear that the shorter the shelf life of the product and the fresher it is (today's, yesterday's), the better. In the summer, there are a lot of cases of poisoning of babies with dairy products, the same curds, sour cream, yogurts, because in the heat, due to the negligence of retail chains, downtime of goods without a refrigerator often occurs (transportation, storage, waiting for loading, unloading, etc.). Therefore, before giving a dairy product to a child, make sure it is fresh, try the product yourself.

What dairy products can a child

Yogurt

Children after a year should be given special children's yoghurts, which are balanced in terms of the amount of fats and carbohydrates. They are prepared using a special yogurt starter (thermophilic streptococcus and yogurt (Bulgarian) stick). These yogurts are not thermally processed, have a very short shelf life (stored only in the refrigerator), which allows them to retain their beneficial properties. Yoghurts that have a long shelf life have either been thermally processed or contain preservatives and are highly undesirable for children. There are no beneficial bacteria in them, and additional components can harm the child's body.

Kefir

This fermented milk drink helps in the work of the cardiovascular system and intestines due to the content of special lactic acid microbes and bifidoflora in its composition. These microbes help the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora, which will improve digestion and immune function. At the same time, kefir has a high acidity and fixes the stool, especially during long-term storage, its intake should be limited to 200-300 ml per day.

Cottage cheese

Cottage cheese is a source of protein and calcium for a child, but it is very difficult to digest due to the high percentage of protein. Therefore, the volume of cottage cheese per day should not exceed 50-100g. Only cottage cheese with a fat content of at least 5-9% will be useful for the full absorption of calcium, zero-fat cottage cheese is not so useful, since calcium is practically not absorbed without the presence of fat. Cottage cheese can be consumed in its pure form or with the addition of fruits; high-calorie and protein dishes are no longer given at one time with cottage cheese.

Cheese, sour cream and cream

These products are recommended to be given to the child in limited quantities or used in the preparation of meals for children. Sour cream and cream are often given as dressings for soups or second courses, cheese can be added to side dishes. As the teeth erupt, you can give the child pieces of unsalted hard cheese to chew.

A fish

In the diet of children, the use of fish dishes is recommended once or twice a week. Children under one and a half years of age are allowed such types of fish as cod, hake or pollock, pike perch, sea bass, but if the child is allergic, you should refuse fish at least up to 2-3 years. Fish can be offered in the form of specialized canned fish for children, fish soufflé, boiled fish with a side dish or steam cutlets.

Fish is useful for children because of its easily digestible protein and a set of vitamins and trace elements, iodine and fluorine, phosphorus and calcium, useful for the growth of the skeleton and teeth. But, soups on fish broth are strictly prohibited at this age - extractive and harmful substances from the carcass of fish pass into the broth during cooking.

Meat

• Meat is the main source of animal protein for the baby and should be on the child's table at least five times a week.
• Different varieties of meat and poultry can be introduced into the diet of children in the amount of 100g.
• Meat dishes can be in the form of minced meat, meatballs, steam cutlets or canned meat for children.
• It is important to remember that meat is digested for a long time and it must be introduced in the morning - at lunchtime.
• After a year, the diet expands due to offal - tongue, liver, heart.
• Poultry and rabbit meat, turkey, lamb are also useful.

Fat, lamb meat and fatty pork, meat of waterfowl wild birds and animals are excluded from the nutrition of young children. It is strictly forbidden for children under 3 years of age to introduce sausages and sausages, sausages, even labeled for children (most often children's names on them are tricks of manufacturers, these are ordinary sausages and sausages). Children's sausages must have the inscription "specialized product for baby food" and the age of the child (usually 3+ for sausages).

Egg

Eggs are a source of protein; in addition to protein, they contain many useful amino acids, trace elements and vitamins. Eggs are given to a child after a year every day, in the absence of allergies or pathologies of the biliary system. You can add an egg to dishes or give it a boiled hard boiled egg, make a steam omelet out of it. It is forbidden for young children to give soft-boiled eggs or in a bag, fried eggs. If you are allergic to chicken egg protein, quail eggs can be an excellent alternative. They can be up to 2 pcs per day.

Oils

In the diet of children, there should be enough fats in the form of vegetable oils and butter. Butter can be given with a soft bun in the form of a sandwich or added to ready-made cereals and vegetable purees so that the butter does not undergo heat treatment and does not lose its beneficial properties. The amount of butter per day is not more than 10-15g.

Vegetable oils are used for cooking and dressing ready-made dishes, they are seasoned with salads and vegetable dishes. It is better to use unrefined oils - extra virgin olive, sunflower. The norm of vegetable oils is not more than 10 g per day.

Cereal dishes

After a year, both gluten-free cereals (buckwheat, rice and corn) and gluten-containing cereals (wheat, oats, rye) are used in children's nutrition. Cereals are used both in the form of cereals and in the form of cereal side dishes for main courses. Especially useful for children will be buckwheat, corn and oatmeal porridge, multi-cereal porridge.

After a year, you can gradually add semolina and millet porridge to the child's menu, but semolina should be given infrequently - it is very high-calorie. Porridges are usually served for breakfast and their quantity is no more than 200-250 ml. The volume of garnish for second courses should be about 100-150g.

Bread, pasta

For the field of the year, children can be offered bread made from white and rye flour, while white bread can be given up to 40 g, and rye bread no more than 10 g. White bread is digested better, an excess of rye bread can lead to bloating of the crumbs.

In the diet of children under one and a half years old, you can include baby vermicelli, cobwebs or egg noodles. The amount of pasta should not exceed 100g per day.

Vegetables and fruits

In the diet of children under one and a half years of age, vegetables and fruits must be present without fail every day. They are a source of vitamins and minerals, pectins, fruit acids and sugars, as well as vegetable fiber to stimulate digestion. Vegetables and fruits are applicable both thermally processed (boiled, steamed, baked) and fresh.

Vegetables

The daily volume of vegetables and fruits should reach 300-400 g, of which vegetables should make up at least half of the volume.

Can	Undesirable
The share of potatoes is no more than 40% of the total volume of vegetables due to the high calorie content and excess starch. Useful vegetables for children of this age will be: cabbage, beets, carrots, zucchini, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, squash, pumpkin, etc. Garden greens should be added to dishes - green onions, dill, parsley, basil, cilantro.	At this age, it is undesirable to give vegetables such as radish, radish, garlic, green peas and beans, lentils should be carefully introduced. They can give pain in the abdomen, cause bloating and diarrhea. Salads should not be dressed with mayonnaise, only vegetable oils, sour cream or freshly squeezed fruit juice.

Fruit

The assortment of fruits after a year expands significantly, but it is worth introducing local fruits according to the season and initially in small quantities, following the reactions.

• Up to two years of age, be wary of strawberries and exotic fruits (citrus fruits, kiwi, etc.). The amount of these fruits should not exceed 100g.
• Gooseberries, currants, raspberries, cranberries and others will be useful after a year. In shattered form.
• It is worth giving up the use of grapes for at least two years, it leads to fermentation in the stomach and can cause digestive disorders.

Sweets

Until the age of three, children should not be spoiled with chocolate, confectionery, sweets due to the load of pancreatic glucose, excess chemicals in these products, excess calories and the risk of carious damage to the teeth. Also, do not eat cakes with cream, cakes and shortbread cookies. From confectionery, you can give marshmallows, marshmallows and marmalade.

Do not encourage the baby's craving for sweets: it is not uncommon for parents to encourage their baby to finish eating vegetables or meat, they promise candy as a reward. The substitution of taste values ​​occurs very quickly and the child will soon give preference to sweets instead of healthy food.

It is worth refusing as much as possible in the nutrition of children from sugar, replacing it with honey (in the absence of allergies) or sweet fruits. Yes, of course, sweets are good for the brain, they are a source of fast carbohydrates and pleasure for children, but it is worth thinking about the long-term consequences of irrational sugar intake.

• When consuming sweets, glucose from the intestines is actively and quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, increasing its concentration by two to three times. Such sharp fluctuations in blood glucose levels lead to the stress of the pancreas in the production of insulin. Glucose is actively utilized in tissues, where it is processed into fats, which leads to excess weight and metabolic shifts, setting the body to work in an "emergency" mode in the future.
• From early childhood, a tendency to atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity is programmed.
• In addition, according to recent studies, excess sugar in food leads to a decrease in immunity, the removal of beneficial trace elements from the body - chromium, magnesium and copper.
• Sugar also provokes the formation of allergies in the body of children with skin, intestinal and pulmonary symptoms.

Do not forget about the potential harm of sugar for teeth, especially milk ones. Sweets, namely sugar, will be one of the main reasons for the formation of caries in a child. Due to the anatomical and physiological features of milk teeth - delicate thin enamel, the absence of perfect protection mechanisms, caries acquires a lightning-fast course, and complications develop rapidly: inflammatory nature (pulpitis, periodontitis), resulting in often premature removal of teeth - bite pathology.

Caries is an infectious process, and some streptococci will be the main pathogens. The nutrient medium and habitat of which will be plaque. Sugar and sweets, especially sticky ones (cookies with a high content of margarine, "chupa-chups") create a sticky layer on the surface of the teeth, which is poorly peeled off and remains on the teeth for a long time. These conditions ensure the development of caries and its consequences.

In addition, carious teeth are constant sources of infection, and can cause the development of tonsillitis, infectious diseases of the kidneys and other internal organs.

Our ancestors, who did not consume sugar, but used honey and fruits as sweets, were healthier than we are. This suggests that from an early age it is worth controlling sugar intake, limiting it or replacing it with more healthy natural products. And even more so, you should not give children drinks that are saturated with sugar (carbonated sweet drinks, cola, Pepsi, store juices), and even more so, allow lump sugar to gnaw.

Today, it is extremely difficult to control the consumption of refined sugar by family members, since it is found in many prepared foods on the supermarket shelves, and it is difficult to calculate how much it is contained in a particular product. But it is worth reducing the consumption of sugar at least when cooking at home.

We repeat that, ideally, you should not give sweets to a child UNDER 3 YEARS. If not, at least limit your intake to 4-5 teaspoons per day, including sweet foods.

Sample menu for one day for a child 1.5 years old

• First breakfast: oatmeal with banana, white bun with butter, tea / with milk
• Second breakfast: banana, apple juice, dried
• Lunch: cucumber salad with tomato and olive oil, vegetarian borscht, vegetable stew with veal steam cutlet,
• Snack: cottage cheese casserole with apple, yogurt
• Dinner: mashed cauliflower and potatoes, kefir, cookies, apple.

It is worth mentioning that the norms given below are only an approximate amount that a child at this age can eat on average. But, for example, fragile, slender girls (little ones) eat much less than boys, so if your baby gorges on less food, this is normal, do not panic. Each child is individual and weight gain depends on the build and height of the child. To control the normal weight gain of the baby, you can use (boys and girls up to 115 cm) in our other article.

meal	Ingredients of the dish	Quantity
Breakfast	Vegetable dish, porridge Cottage cheese, fish, meat dish, scrambled eggs Salad or fruit Beverage: compote, weakly brewed tea, freshly squeezed diluted juice, milk (but not recommended)
Lunch	Fruit, cookies, bun Yogurt, cottage cheese, kefir, juice
Dinner	Appetizer or vegetable salad First course (soup, cabbage soup, borscht on vegetable broth) The second dish of poultry, fish or meat
afternoon tea	Yogurt, kefir, juice, compote Cottage cheese, cereal, vegetable dish Baking, cookies, drying Fruits, berries
Dinner	Curd, vegetable dish, porridge Kefir, yogurt

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The diet of a child at 8 months is noticeably enriched with new products. Previously unknown fruits and vegetables, dairy products and even cookies appear. What to cook for a baby at 8 months to diversify his diet? In our article, we will draw up a sample menu for an eight-month-old baby and talk about allowed foods.

So, babies must continue to receive breast milk or an adapted formula at least twice a day: in the morning before breakfast and in the evening at night. We will immediately answer the question of whether it is possible to give milk to a child at 8 months. In its pure form, milk is not offered to the baby, with the exception of cereals on the water in half with milk. At the same time, make sure that there are no allergic reactions.

During the day, children have three main meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner, the intervals between which are four hours. The amount of food for one complementary food usually reaches 200 ml, unless, of course, your baby is able to eat that much. Already at this age, teach children that they eat porridge for breakfast and soup for lunch - later it will be easier for them to adapt to kindergarten.

What a child should eat at 8 months for breakfast depends on the time of introduction of complementary foods. All children at this age can be offered corn, rice and buckwheat porridge, dairy or dairy-free. It is allowed to feed with oatmeal and barley porridge, if there are no contraindications. In addition, breakfast can be varied with fruit puree, cottage cheese (about 40 g) or half an egg yolk. You can offer drinks such as yogurt, kefir or juice.

Now we list what foods a child can have at 8 months for lunch. Offer the baby a soup with potatoes and cauliflower (not in meat broth) or vegetables, adding about 50 g of mashed meat to them. As a drink, juice or compote is good. For an afternoon snack, you can give your baby a cracker or a cookie. Many parents worry about how to give cookies to an 8-month-old baby if he does not yet have teeth. To do this, take special children's cookies that melt in your mouth. So the baby will not be able to choke.

For dinner, children at this age can be offered children's cottage cheese with fruits, porridge or vegetables if they were not eaten at lunch. Add meat or fish to vegetables. Fish is introduced into the diet only if complementary foods were started from 4 to 5 months. Most of the time it's about artificers. What kind of fish can a child at 8 months: preferably sea varieties with white meat (cod, pollock, hake). So far, these dishes are allowed once or twice a week instead of meat.

What fruits can a child at 8 months

For the first fruit food at this age, a green apple or pear is suitable. If you have already introduced these fruits into your diet, it's time to diversify the menu. The baby can be offered prunes puree, fresh plums, peaches, apricots. Artificers who are already familiar with many products are gradually introduced blackcurrant, blueberry, cherry and even raspberry. Is it possible for a child at 8 months of banana and persimmon, many mothers are interested. It is quite possible to try a banana for children already familiar with other fruits, but in small quantities. But it is better to postpone the persimmon for a month or two.

Any fruit, especially red, start with one teaspoon per day, as there is a high risk of developing an allergic reaction. Also, prioritize the seasonal fruits of your stripe. If it is late autumn or winter outside, it is better to buy ready-made canned purees than fresh fruit of dubious quality in the store.

Vegetables and vegetable purees in the baby's diet

Vegetable puree for an 8 month old baby is still one of the key dishes. Almost all children at this age already eat mashed zucchini, broccoli, cauliflower. Now you can add pumpkin and carrots to your diet. At the same time, enter them very slowly, as there is a high risk of developing allergies. These vegetables go well with an apple - this way you can diversify the taste range of the crumbs.
Mashed potatoes for a child of 8 months in their pure form are rarely used and in small quantities. This is due to the high content of starch in the vegetable. But you can already add a little potatoes to other vegetables, the same applies to soup. If you cook your own food, we recommend soaking the potatoes in water for several hours to remove the starch from them. You can add a little dill to the vegetables for taste.

What kind of meat to give a child at 8 months

Meat products at this age must be present in the children's menu. Their choice depends on when the product was introduced into the diet. For the first feeding and for babies receiving meat from 7 months, turkey, rabbit and horse meat are relevant. For a child who began to be fed from 4 to 5 months, veal, beef, poultry are acceptable, and offal - liver, tongue and heart are also introduced for the first time. Be sure to introduce new dishes gradually, starting with the 1st teaspoon. It is important to know how much meat to give a child at 8 months: no more than 50 g per day. It is advisable to combine it with a vegetable dish for better digestibility.

How many eggs can you give an eight month old baby

For artificial babies, eggs begin to be introduced from 4 to 5 months, while for babies after 8 months. In this case, strictly chicken yolk from a hard-boiled egg is used. It is necessary to start introducing this product very gradually, literally with a few crumbs, since it is an allergen. Gradually increase the amount of chicken yolk by adding it to vegetables during lunch or dinner, and also by offering it for breakfast with porridge. Pay attention to how much yolk to give to an 8-month-old baby: no more than half a chicken yolk, provided that the product has been introduced for a long time and has not caused an allergic reaction.

Kefir and other dairy products

After the baby reaches the age of eight months, fermented milk products can be introduced into his diet: yogurt, biokefir, kefir, biolact. To do this, it is recommended to buy a specialized children's product in stores and introduce it gradually, starting with one spoon per day. Kefir improves the intestinal microflora, stabilizes the child's stool, enriches the body with calcium. Gradually, you can bring the volume of fermented milk products to 150 - 200 ml per day.

Vegetables are an essential part of a child's diet. What vegetables can be introduced to a baby in the first year of life and how to correctly enter them into the baby's menu?

The baby grows and develops rapidly and gradually needs more and more energy and nutrients. The child's need for vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, also increases. Their quantity, supplied with breast milk or formula, becomes insufficient. Therefore, by about the age of 4-6 months, the crumbs' diet should be replenished with new healthy food that can meet the increased needs of the child's body. Healthy children with normal body weight and sufficient weight gain, as well as babies prone to constipation and overweight, are recommended to introduce as the first complementary foods. Vegetables are a source of a number of useful substances necessary for a growing body. They contain a huge set of vitamins and minerals, as well as vegetable protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber and other important compounds. It is plant food that is the main source of carotene (provitamin A), which is necessary for the normal formation of vision and healthy skin of the baby, as well as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is involved in the formation of the child's immunity and helps to increase the resistance of the small organism to various infections. Vegetable fibers (fiber, pectins) contained in vegetables gently stimulate the development of the child's digestive system, they increase the secretion of the digestive glands and enzymatic activity of the intestine, normalize the composition of the microflora, and also help to eliminate toxins. Unlike fruits, which used to be traditionally used to start complementary foods, vegetables are less likely to cause allergies and contain significantly less sugars and organic acids that irritate the baby's immature digestive system.

Where do we start?

Acquaintance of the baby with new foods should begin with low-allergenic vegetables, such as zucchini, cauliflower, squash, broccoli, pumpkin of light varieties. A little later (from about 7-8 months), you can add potatoes, carrots, white cabbage, green peas, bell peppers, beets to the diet. After 8-9 months, the baby's menu can be diversified by thermally processed tomatoes, onions and garlic. And for a child older than 10 months, you can add finely chopped fresh herbs (dill, parsley, celery) to ready-made dishes. Fresh cucumbers and tomatoes, as well as legumes (beans, peas), eggplant, turnips, radishes can appear in the diet of crumbs only after a year.

First, a one-component puree is given, consisting of one type of vegetable. This will allow you to track the reaction of the baby to this particular product. After the child adapts to the first vegetables and in the absence of intolerance reactions (appearance of skin rashes, bloating, change in stool), more complex dishes can be introduced into the baby’s diet from a combination of two to three types of vegetables (for example, zucchini, potatoes and carrots) . The first acquaintance of a child with a new product begins with a small volume - 0.5-1 teaspoon in the morning. In the absence of negative reactions, the volume of the dish is gradually increased over 7-10 days to the norm corresponding to the age of the child (approximately 100-150 g per feeding).

Pantry of vitamins

vegetable marrow most suitable for the first acquaintance with a new food. Due to its non-coarse fiber and high content of pectins, it has a mild and delicate taste and is easily digestible. This vegetable is rich in mineral salts of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, which are important for the metabolism of a growing organism. It practically does not cause allergies, has a tonic and choleretic effect. There is a lot of folic acid, iron and copper in the zucchini, which play an important role in the process of hematopoiesis. In its composition, it also contains carotene, vitamins C, B2 and B1. A close brother of zucchini, zucchini is also very useful and widely used in baby food. This zucchini contains easily digestible carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, carotene and vitamin PP, which is involved in the regulation of the function of the thyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands.

Cauliflower, due to its composition, it is also the optimal product for the first complementary foods. It contains a small amount of fiber, so it is easy to digest and does not cause bloating and colic in babies. The vegetable protein contained in cabbage is a source of essential amino acids (lysine, threonine and methionine), which contribute to blood formation, tissue growth and repair, the functioning of the kidneys and adrenal glands, and the thyroid gland. Cauliflower contains a lot of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotene, potassium, vitamins B1, B2, E, PP, iron, phosphorus, magnesium and iodine, which are necessary for the full growth and development of the child. The closest relative of cauliflower, broccoli, is far superior in nutritional value. Broccoli is much richer in vitamin C than oranges. The vegetable protein contained in this cabbage, in its amino acid composition, is not inferior to the protein of animal origin. In addition, broccoli is an excellent source of B vitamins and calcium.

Pumpkin- one of the champions in vitamin composition. It contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, carotene, vitamin D, which promotes the growth and strengthening of bones, as well as iron, copper, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc. The pulp of pumpkin fruits is rich in pectin, sugars, vegetable proteins and fats, B vitamins, and even rare vitamin T, which is involved in blood clotting processes and prevents the development of anemia. Pumpkin contains a large amount of dietary fiber, which normalizes the functioning of the baby's intestines (especially if the baby suffers from constipation), and also contributes to the absorption of nutrients and the removal of toxins from the body.

Potato it is very rich in potassium, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the kidneys and the cardiovascular system of the child, as well as vitamin C. There is especially a lot of vitamin C in young potatoes, but during long-term storage and during cooking, most of it is destroyed. This vegetable also contains B vitamins, calcium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus. Due to their high starch content, low fiber and protein content, potatoes are fairly easy to digest, especially when mashed. However, it should be remembered that it is precisely because of the large amount of starch that the calorie content of potatoes is almost twice as high as that of other vegetables, so the use of this vegetable should be limited to overweight children. In addition, high starch content can cause food allergies in a child, provoke constipation, bloating and abdominal pain. For these reasons, potatoes are not suitable for first feeding. It is better to cook it in combination with other vegetables and no more than 1/3 of the total volume of vegetable puree. To reduce the amount of starch, peeled potatoes can be soaked in cold water for 1 to 1.5 hours before cooking. Sprouted and green potatoes should not be used in baby food, as it accumulates a toxic substance - solanine, which can cause poisoning.

Carrot sweet and tasty, so kids like it very much. Carrots are a major source of carotene and are also relatively rich in vitamin C, potassium, and iron. Due to the high content of fiber and pectins, carrots have a laxative effect, so it is very useful for babies prone to constipation. However, when introducing this vegetable into the diet of crumbs, one should be aware of its high allergenicity, and with great care offer it to babies who are prone to allergic reactions.

Beet rich in carbohydrates, fiber, organic acids, contains a sufficient amount of salts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, cobalt and iron. It is important to consider that beets, like carrots, have pronounced allergenic properties, so it should be introduced after the baby's body adapts to other vegetables and taking into account individual tolerance.

Buy or cook?

When it comes time to feed the baby, every mother thinks - what kind of complementary foods to choose canned or cooked on their own? The answer to this question cannot be unambiguous, and here the mother must make her own right decision. The feeding period is a transitional stage in a child's life. At this time, the child's body is being rebuilt to a qualitatively completely new type of food and the baby becomes especially vulnerable to any violations and errors in nutrition. In this regard, the requirements for the quality and safety of products for the first complementary foods are very high.

Of course, the most useful for the crumbs will be dishes prepared from fresh vegetables grown in their own garden without the use of harmful substances and fertilizers. But not all parents have such an opportunity, in addition, seasonality is typical for homemade vegetables. While vegetables purchased in a store or market do not always meet the strict safety requirements for baby food. In this regard, WHO experts and domestic experts in the field of baby food recommend using canned food for complementary foods. The fact is that baby food of industrial production is made from high-quality and environmentally friendly raw materials, with guaranteed chemical and microbiological safety. "Jared" purees have a strictly balanced composition and are enriched with all the vitamins and microelements necessary for the baby, regardless of the season. In addition, the degree of processing and grinding of vegetables in ready-made purees is made in strict accordance with the age characteristics of the chewing apparatus and the digestive system of the child.

When buying canned vegetables of industrial production, it is advisable to choose products only from well-known manufacturers, be sure to pay attention to the composition of the product (the puree for the first feeding should include only vegetables and water, while the content of salt, milk, thickeners (starch) and any spices is unacceptable) . It is also necessary to check the expiration date and tightness of the packaging. It is important to remember that after opening a jar of ready-made food, the remains of mashed potatoes cannot be stored and reused, since food remains are an excellent breeding ground for the development of pathogens, in addition, when reheated, all the useful properties of the product die.

You can cook delicious and healthy vegetables for your baby yourself. In order for vegetable puree prepared at home to be as healthy and safe as possible for a child, the following rules must be observed:

- Before cooking, vegetables should be thoroughly washed under running warm water with a brush. Heavily soiled vegetables can be pre-soaked in warm water to soak the dirt and settle to the bottom. After washing, the vegetables must be peeled and chopped for cooking. Purchased vegetables, especially early greenhouse vegetables, may contain a significant amount of nitrates (nitric acid salts), which have a strong toxic effect on the child's body. It is possible to reduce their content in vegetables by removing, when cleaning, those parts of plants in which nitrates are especially accumulated. So, for example, you need to remove the top leaves from cabbage and remove the stalk, potatoes of zucchini and squash have the most nitrates in the peel, carrots have the most nitrates in the core and top, beets, which are the champion in nitrate content, most of them are in the root and top . When choosing vegetables for a children's menu in the market or in a store, it should be remembered that nitrates are significantly lower in more mature, medium-sized fruits that are not damaged by pests and diseases.

- For the preparation of vegetable puree, the baby can use frozen vegetables. Such vegetables should be subjected to rapid defrosting immediately before eating or cooking, since, when thawed, they quickly lose vitamins, fresh appearance and inherent taste. You can defrost them by placing them in a package in hot water, or you can start boiling or stewing them by removing them directly from the freezer. Water dissolves most of the vitamins and nutrients found in frozen foods, so you should not wash frozen vegetables or thaw them in water.

- in order to preserve the maximum amount of vitamins and mineral salts, it is advisable to steam the vegetables or stew them with a small amount of water. When cooking, vegetables should be thrown into boiling water, and then cooked over low heat under a tightly closed opaque lid. If several types of vegetables are cooked in one dish, they are placed gradually, depending on the speed of softening. For babies up to a year, vegetable puree is prepared without the addition of salt and spices.

- the first complementary foods should be homogeneous (without lumps) of a delicate texture, therefore, after the vegetables are cooked, they must be rubbed through a sieve or chopped with a blender. In order to dilute the consistency of the dish, you can add expressed breast milk or vegetable broth. Vegetable oil can be added to the finished vegetable puree (preferably unrefined "first cold pressed"), starting with 1 drop and gradually increasing the volume to 5-6 ml by the year.

- Vegetable puree for each meal must be freshly prepared. Due to the high risk of food poisoning, the finished dish should not be stored and reused.

In fact, pediatricians claim that more vitamins and microelements are preserved in homemade freshly prepared vegetable puree than in industrial canned baby food. But in some life situations (travelling, repairs, gas or electricity cuts, mom’s lack of time), jars help out a lot.

How to introduce complementary foods

Vegetables, as subsequently all new products in the child's diet, must be introduced gradually, at the initial stage for each new type, the adaptation period should be at least a week. This means that during the week you do not give the baby more than one new vegetable. So if any signs of intolerance appear (allergic reactions from the skin or a violation of the stool), you can clearly answer the question of which product caused them and know what to exclude from the further menu. In addition, the introduction of a new nutritional component is always a small "revolution" for the enzyme system of the child's body. Therefore, you need to give her time to adapt to it, having developed all the necessary “skills” for proper high-quality processing. A week is the best time for this. After its expiration, you can give a new load.

At first, all baby vegetable dishes should be monocomponent, since the presence of a mixture of vegetables in one puree greatly complicates its digestion. Vegetable mixtures can be offered to an older child, when you know exactly the list of vegetables that are well tolerated by his body. And again, the mixture, albeit from well-tolerated vegetables, should be taken as a new dish and also take at least a week to adapt it.

When choosing foods for the baby's first year of life, it is especially important to pay attention to their quality and safety. Therefore, spoiled, shriveled, sprouted, etc. vegetables should be immediately put aside. Your child needs only the freshest food, which you can be sure was not grown with nitrates, GMOs, harmful chemical fertilizers or chemicals for transportation and storage. It is at this point that store-bought canned food has an indisputable advantage - in the production of baby purees, all raw materials are carefully monitored for the presence of harmful substances, and only selected vegetables are used.

When preparing the first purees for the baby, in no case should they be seasoned with butter, milk or sour cream - this will complicate digestion, in addition, since we are talking about the initial stages of complementary foods, the baby is simply not yet ready to eat cow's milk products. Therefore, such additives in puree can provoke indigestion. You can use all these dressings when preparing meals for him when he grows up a little (after 1 - 1.5 years).

Similarly, WHO does not recommend adding salt to the food of children of the first year of life. The amount of sodium chloride sufficient for the health of a child of this age is naturally found in the vegetables themselves, and therefore the introduction of refined supplements will not benefit the baby. You should not be afraid that the baby will not eat unsalted vegetable purees. Understand that now his taste is different from that of an adult, he is much sharper, and what seems insipid to us, spoiled by the regular use of large amounts of salt and sugar, is not tasteless to him.

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Parents are unlikely to be able to get past the question of what vegetables can be given to a child. After all, nutritionists and pediatricians are advised to start transferring the baby to the “adult table” from them. And usually (but not necessarily) vegetables are introduced to children under one year old at about 6 months. Then, when the baby is ready for taste discoveries, even if we are talking about unleavened zucchini. Moreover, "leisureness" is even better than, for example, the sweetness of fruits. Having tasted the latter, the little one will definitely not want to try more lean, sugar-free (albeit very healthy) food. By the way, this is why often the child does not eat vegetables. But we will talk about this a little later.

So, vegetable complementary foods are one of the best options for introducing a baby to what mom and dad eat. In addition, it is better balanced in organic acids and mineral salts than even cereals. It is also rich in nutrients and contains healthy plant fibers.

Therefore, vegetables for children under one year old must be given without fail. But here it is important to follow the sequence.

In the forefront are zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi.

Later, you can give mashed carrots, pumpkins, potatoes.

Then - peas and green beans.

If your baby is up to a year old, and he shows interest in corn, limit yourself to canned corn: fresh and fresh-frozen have too hard shell.

Mixed vegetable dishes for children are made from about 10 months.

But you don’t need to give beets, white cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes and eggplants for up to a year - the stomach is unlikely to “cope” with these products.

Of course, everything you serve to your son or daughter should be fresh and natural. And you can be 100% sure only for your own beds. As for store goods, unfortunately, they may contain substances that are far from safe for a growing organism.

Vegetable dishes for children

For complementary foods, there is a simple and common rule for all products: adult food should resemble the usual baby food for a little one. Therefore, what grew in the garden should be carefully rubbed, thus softening the rather hard plant fibers.

Complementary foods are cooled in the refrigerator, and not in natural conditions, as for some reason some mothers and grandmothers like to do. Accelerated "freezing" will ensure the rapid passage of the critical temperature (5-65 degrees), providing the best conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria.

The shelf life of the dish itself reaches 4 days. But it should be warmed up in portions, and not entirely.

And the second important rule: if you have already warmed up the vegetable puree once, you can no longer return it to the “cold place”. Similarly, if we heat up .

By the way, a full-fledged freezer in the house is a must. After all, when freezing, vitamins and nutrients are preserved in the products.

But the increased temperature on the composition does not work in the best way. When cooking, vitamins C and group B are destroyed. But there are fiber and fat-soluble vitamins (beta-carotene and others).

Why doesn't the child eat vegetables?

You should not blame the pickiness of your child on him. Often allegedly poor appetite is the fault of parents who violate the principles of introducing complementary foods.

For example, the first vegetable dishes should be lean and one-component (you will have time with the notorious “variety”!) And for better digestibility, you can add a little oil (sunflower, corn, olive or linseed) to the food.

Also, often mothers are faced with a situation where the child does not eat vegetable puree from a jar of a particular company. Here, as they say, you should trust the tastes of the crumbs. Offer him a second food company, if necessary - a third, fourth. That is, you can’t buy a lot of baby food at once (suddenly it won’t work!)

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As for the stereotypes about which food is better - canned or cooked by yourself, the main argument here is not even related to the food itself. The main thing is that mommy is full of strength and energy, does not feel like a “driven horse”.

And even if the baby does not eat a particular product, this does not mean that you can follow his lead and add sugar, salt to the dish (there is a separate article that tells), spices. Only water! And thanks to the strict control of the food industry by special authorities, you don’t have to worry about the quality of purchased cereals and mixtures.

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