Almost everyone knows that seafood plays an important role in human life. Fish is considered not only tasty, but also a healthy product containing useful substances, such as vitamins and trace elements. Cleaning fish is the most unpleasant task that takes a lot of useful time. In addition, you will have to put in a lot of effort. As a result of this difficult operation, it takes a long time to clean the kitchen.

Fishermen generally refuse to clean fish at all, shifting all responsibility on housewives who are not enthusiastic about this action. To date, many techniques have been tried that simplify this process. If you approach it creatively, then cleaning the fish will not take much time, and the most unexpected item can serve as a fixture.

First, it should be remembered that freshly caught fish is always much easier to clean than one that has been stored for some time.

• As a rule, cleaning the caught fish directly near the reservoir is considered the best option.
• To cut fish, it is better to use only sharp and high-quality knives.
• Cleaning of fish is carried out exclusively on a special cutting board for fish.
• The cleaning process must be accurate and of high quality. The quality of the cooked fish will depend on this.
• Before starting such a process, it is advisable to identify the fish in cold water with vinegar.
• It will be much easier to clean the fish if you insert a wooden stick all the way into its mouth or fix its tail on the board itself. Holding the fish with your fingers behind the eyes, it is pulled out until a characteristic crunch appears.
• To keep the fish firmly in your fingers, you can wrap the tail of the fish with a napkin or rub your fingers with salt if there are no abrasions on them.

As a rule, all fish are cleaned with knives. There are types of fish that do not need to be cleaned. These species include salmon, gobies and other fish. It is simply fried in a pan until golden brown. Quite quickly and easily it will be possible to clean a catfish or burbot. Mucus is simply washed off with water and the carcass is rubbed with salt. Carp is also not difficult to clean, especially if it has just been caught: the scales are removed with your fingers, without much effort. Small fish such as bleak should be sprinkled with salt and rinsed with water. As for the ruff and perch, these are problematic fish in terms of cleaning. And if it is also a small perch and a ruff, then you will have to seriously sweat.

It will be difficult to clean a live fish that continues to resist. It is better to stun such fish. At the first stage of cleaning, the fish must be thoroughly rinsed with water to remove mucus. For cleaning, ordinary knives, special fish knives, fish scalers and scrapers are used.

Hand tools

Mechanical methods, although fast, are not very high quality. Large fish, especially if there are a lot of them, are easy and easier to clean with your hands. With one hand, the fish is taken by the tail, and the carcass is cleaned with the fingers of the free hand, in the direction against the direction of scale growth. In hard-to-reach places, it is better to use a knife.

If it doesn’t work with a thumbnail, then you can arm yourself with a kitchen knife. It should not be big, but wide. So that the scales do not scatter throughout the kitchen, the carcass can be identified in a plastic bag, and in it, with gentle movements, slowly, the scales are removed from the carcass. If the fish is cleaned in the sink, then it is better to close the drain with a metal mesh. The correct position of the carcass is with the head towards you. The scales are removed in the direction from the tail to the head with smooth, precise movements.

Many say that the best tool is cleaning for fish, which is more like a hairbrush. In fact, this is a flat plate with not sharp teeth, not large. Such teeth are the main working part of this tool. This tool is available to clean the fish of any size.

Some housewives successfully use a vegetable knife or mini grater for chopping vegetables, but in this case, the edges of the grater must be sharp. Well, if there is running water. If there are no such conditions of civilization, then they take a basin and pour water into it. Some species of fish are distinguished by the presence of small, tightly adjacent scales to the body. It is better to put such fish in boiling water before the cleaning process.

Electric household fish scaler

This is one of the most effective devices for quickly cleaning fish. This electric appliance is very popular among anglers, catering workers and owners of private fish shops. Home fish scalers can operate both from the mains, and from a car or built-in battery. Therefore, such a device can be taken with you on a fishing trip.

Household electric fish scalers are very popular. Among them are such models as RF 01, VesElectric 4000 with a battery and a container. The presence of a special screen in the fish scaler does not allow the scales to scatter in all directions.

Prices for fish scalers

The average price for these devices is about 4 thousand rubles.

The advantages of fish scalers include:

• Speed ​​and quality of cleaning.
• Ease of use.
• Mechanical fish scalers are much cheaper than electric ones.
• When using electric fish scalers, the cleaning process is much faster, although there is a possibility of damage to the flesh of the fish.
• The scales do not scatter in all directions, unlike conventional cleaning methods.

Do-it-yourself fish cleaning device

Mechanical devices, in the form of various graters, are sold both in stores and on the market. Despite this, such devices are easy to make at home, showing skill and dexterity. It is enough to take a wooden block and a piece of tin with holes around which sharp notches are located. If the tin is attached to the bar, then the resulting device will help to quickly clean the fish.

It is not difficult to make a grater from an ordinary tin can if you drill several holes of the desired diameter in it.

A grater can also be made from beer bottle caps. To do this, you also need to take a piece of a wooden bar and stuff several covers on it, notches up. It turns out a simple, and at the same time, an effective device for cleaning fish.

If the grater is difficult to make due to the lack of the necessary parts, then you can use a fork or spoon. In this case, the scales will scatter in all directions. To prevent this from happening, it is better to place the fish in a plastic bag.

Where are fish scalers sold?

This simple device can really be bought on the market, in a store or an Internet store. Here you can find not a small assortment of such devices. If there is a need to purchase an electric fish cleaner, then first it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the principle of its operation and reviews. This will help you choose the right product.

Fish cleaning tricks

The fish can be easily cleaned if fixed. Since the fish is cleaned from the tail and towards the head, it is enough to securely fasten the tail. As practice shows, cleaning efficiency is higher if the fish is cleaned not with a sharp, but with a blunt side. In this case, you need to be extremely careful.

Electric fish scalers do this much faster. Unfortunately, they have one, but a significant drawback - it's high cost. Not every housewife will allow herself such a pleasure. Its use is justified when processing a large number of fish, and if a fisherman brings home a dozen carp, then it is better and faster to clean them in the classic way. As a rule, in such cases, beer caps and boiling water are used. At the same time, it should be noted that modern traffic jams are somewhat weaker than the old Soviet ones, so they quickly lose their main functions.

If you immediately clean fresh fish, then in the future you will not have to spend additional effort on this operation. If the fish is bought in the market, then you need to be able to choose, otherwise you can buy a non-fresh product.

Chinese devices have proven themselves from a good side. In any case, patience and many years of experience is indispensable. Having experience will allow you to cope with the task, even if there are no accessories other than a regular kitchen knife. And if there are also devices, then the question will disappear by itself.

And yet, do not forget that it is better to clean fresh fish. If the fish is planned to be frozen, then without fail it is first cleaned, washed well and only then sent to the freezer.

As for the cleaning method, it is better to choose it depending on the main factor that is related to the amount of fish. If there are few fish, then it is enough to use a knife, but if there are a lot of fish, then you will have to use some kind of device, since cleaning the fish should not be delayed for a long time.

Summer... Each of us loves to soak up the rays of the gentle sun, lie down on the beach, getting a beautiful, even tan. And just walking the streets in clear weather during the hot season (or even all year round, if it happens somewhere in Australia or Southeast Asia), we find ourselves at risk. Why? Because in addition to sunburn, they can cause significant harm to our skin. The result of their excessive exposure is the dryness of the skin, especially the face, arms, shoulders - that is, those places that are not hidden under clothing in hot weather; the appearance of freckles and age spots; and in severe cases, the sun's rays can cause one of the most difficult forms of cancer to treat, melanoma. How to protect yourself and your child? Use a product with SPF. What it is, how to choose it correctly depending on your skin type, and which brands you should trust, we will tell in our article. By the way, the sun is quite active in winter, so protection should be used on clear winter days, applying it to the face under makeup.

All about SPF: what it is, its levels and determining which indicator you need

So, SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a special substance, the main purpose of which is to absorb and neutralize the effects of sunlight. The level of this factor is usually indicated on the packaging of the product and can range from 5 to 100-120 (the scale is from weak to strong). Manufacturers produce sunscreen products in the form of lotions, sprays, wipes. You may also come across a cream with SPF for lips. Usually the SPF level of a product is indicated on the packaging. But which factor indicator should you choose? There is a simple rule: you need to determine how long it takes for your skin to turn red under the scorching sun - usually this period is 10-15 minutes (although dark-skinned women can blush in half an hour, while 2-5 minutes is enough for natural blondes of the "Scandinavian" type ). So, the specified interval, let it be a quarter of an hour, you need to multiply by the SPF indicator indicated on your product, for example SPF 20. 15 x 20 \u003d 300 minutes, that is, you can safely spend 5 hours in the sun. It's that simple.

SPF: choose depending on the skin phototype

So, if you have just started sunbathing, for example, in the first few days at the resort, dermatologists recommend purchasing products with an SPF that is slightly higher than you need. If you are the owner of light skin and hair, you will need SPF 50. But in the beginning, in the very first days, it would still be better to use a product with an indicator of 70. If you moderately choose products with SPF 15-20. For children, especially the youngest, whose skin does not yet produce sufficient amounts of the protective pigment melanin, use creams or lotions with SPF 80-100.

Funds with SPF: application rules

Keep in mind that creams and lotions should be applied 15-20 minutes before sun exposure to allow them to absorb into the skin. When spreading, pay special attention to the face, shoulders, hands. Also, don't forget about your back. Lips also need protection - you can apply a special hygienic lipstick with a protective factor. Although many manufacturers claim that their products are resistant to water, it’s still not worth the risk: if after applying the product with SPF you swam in the sea or pool, don’t be lazy and use the lotion again. It is better to spend a few minutes on this than to suffer after a few days

Popular Brands with SPF

We have already found out what it is: products with a protective factor are presented in the form of all kinds of creams, lotions and sprays. The most popular manufacturers whose products have an excellent price-quality ratio are Garnier, Nivea, Sunshine and Red Line. These are inexpensive, democratic brands. Keep in mind that your hair also needs protection, so on the beach it is better to hide it under a cap or scarf or use special sprays. So, now you have the basic information about the SPF factor: what it is, how to calculate it correctly and which tool to choose. Now your vacation will not be overshadowed by sunburn, and your skin will get an even, intense, but at the same time healthy tan.

SPF is a sun protection factor. It denotes the ability of cosmetic products to increase the time of safe exposure to the open sun.

What do the numbers in the abbreviation SPF mean?

The number following the abbreviation SPF (Sun Protection Factor) indicates how many times you can increase the time of safe exposure to the sun without the risk of sunburn.

The value of the SPF factor can be in the range from 2 to 50 units. It is calculated in special laboratories, based on the fact that a certain agent will be used in an amount of 2 mg per 1 sq. see skin surface. Most often, sunscreens and lotions are produced with an SPF value, as well as day creams, foundations, powders, lipsticks and lip balms.

SPF	Percent protection	Category
		Base / main
		Base / main
		Medium
		Medium
		Medium
		High / high
		High / high
		High / high
		High / high

What determines the choice of SPF factor

The choice of sunscreen depends on the skin phototype. There are six in total, but four are most common in our latitudes:

1 phototype

Very fair skin and hair, often with a red tinge. Freckles on the skin. The eyes are blue or green. Recommended products with SPF factor not lower than 30 at the end of the summer season and from 40 to 50 at the beginning. Safe time in the sun for representatives of this phototype is no more than 5 minutes. That is, theoretically, a sunscreen with an SPF factor of 50, if properly applied, protects the skin for 250 minutes (5 x 50), and with an SPF factor of 8 - 40 minutes. But do not forget that any, even the most effective sunscreen protects not 100 percent.

2 phototype

Light skin, light brown hair, brown or blue eyes. At the beginning of summer, you should use products with an SPF factor of 30-35, by the end of summer they can be replaced with products with an SPF factor of 15. The safe maximum time in the sun is 15 minutes.

3 phototype

The most common phototype in the middle lane. Fair skin, blond or brown hair, dark eyes. Representatives of this phototype can use protective equipment with an SPF factor of 8 to 15 from the beginning to the end of the summer season. The safe maximum time in the sun is 20 minutes.

4 phototype

Dark skin, dark hair and dark eyes. Representatives of this phototype may not be afraid for the condition of their skin on the beach, even with a cream with an SPF factor of 8. Safe time in the sun is 30 minutes.

Why Use SPF Creams?

Daily creams with active components that protect against harmful solar radiation are an excellent prevention of premature skin aging (photoaging). Special sunscreens for tanning help to avoid extremely unpleasant and painful sunburns.

How to use SPF products

All sunscreens (that is, those with an SPF factor) are applied 20 to 30 minutes before going outside. After 20 minutes, the application must be repeated.

Sun protection products are only effective when applied carefully and in sufficient quantities. Don't count on absolute sun protection with sunscreen powder if you lightly brush your nose a couple of times in the morning. Sunscreen makeup needs to be maintained throughout the day.

The main rule when using cosmetics with an SPF factor is that it is applied at the final stage of makeup. That is, if you apply a sunscreen tonal foundation, and then cover it with a layer of moisturizer, you will reduce all the active action of the foundation to zero.

Because water, including that contained in moisturizing creams, destroys the protective barrier. For the same reason, it is necessary to reapply sunscreen on the beach after swimming.

How to choose a cream SPF and what protection factor is needed?

What is the difference between physical and chemical SPF-filters and which are more harmful?

The Truth About SPF

So, let's take a look at the most common SPF protection questions.

1. Should you use SPF face cream all year round? Maybe people with a certain skin type?

Cosmetologist commenting on a brand of natural cosmetics mi& ko, Nelly Papikyan:

If the UV index below 4, You may choose not to protect your skin or use sunscreen if you plan to be outside during the sunny part of the day for no longer than 20-30 minutes.

If index below 2, you may not use sunscreen even if you are outside longer.

If the index is from 4 to 6, then you need to use a product with a protection index somewhere around 20-25 if you plan to spend more than 10-15 minutes outside. But if you just ran out of the office to the store across the street, it is not necessary to cover yourself with sun protection and climb into a spacesuit.

If the UV index above 6, be sure to use sunscreen when you leave the house or sit by an open window.

2. In what months is sunscreen exactly necessary and what level of protection should I choose?

from the editors

This should be done from about May to September, and in the southern regions of Russia - from April to October or even from March to November.

The average level of radiation in summer in central Russia is 3-4 UV, and in the south - 5-6 UV. At the same time, the inhabitants of Russia mainly have skin types 2 and 3, so it is necessary to use a cream of 20-25 SPF, and in the south 30-50 SPF.

If during the daytime you are mostly indoors, and the sun is not very strong, you can do without protection, because. exposure to the sun for 10-15 minutes is safe, while a small dose of sun rays is even beneficial, and the skin does not receive excessive sun exposure

comments Teymur Belyaev, Levrana technologist:

For people who want to protect their skin from excessive ultraviolet radiation, in the cities of central Russia, it can be recommended to use light protective creams, in which SPF is often used as an additional effect along with moisturizing, softening, toning, etc. In such creams, the degree of protection does not exceed SPF20, and this is more than enough.

In southern cities, the sun is scorching, on rare days the temperature reaches +40C, and on average it stays at +30C. This is a reason to strive to protect their skin even for those who do not have problems with skin sensitivity, because often we ourselves do not notice how the skin is burned, and meanwhile there is an active process of absorbing ultraviolet radiation. For residents of such cities, already specialized sunscreens with an SPF level of at least 30 or even 50 are recommended.

Commented by Nelly Papikyan, brand mi& ko

The choice of sunscreen also depends on the skin phototype.

1 phototype (Celtic)- very light skin and hair, often with a red tint. Freckles on the skin. The eyes are blue or green.
Recommended funds with an SPF factor of at least 30 at the end of the summer season and from 40 to 50 at the beginning. Safe time in the sun for representatives of this phototype is no more than 5 minutes. That is, theoretically, a sunscreen with an SPF factor of 50, if properly applied, protects the skin for 250 minutes (5 x 50), and with an SPF factor of 8 - 40 minutes. But do not forget that any, even the most effective sunscreen protects not 100 percent.

2 phototype (Nordic and Scandinavian ) - fair skin, light brown hair, brown or blue eyes.
At the beginning of summer, you should use products with an SPF factor of 30-35, by the end of summer they can be replaced with products with an SPF factor of 15. The safe maximum time in the sun is 15 minutes.

3 phototype (European) - the most common in the middle lane. Fair skin, blond or brown hair, dark eyes.
Representatives of this phototype can use protective equipment with an SPF factor of 8 to 15 from the beginning to the end of the summer season. The safe maximum time in the sun is 20 minutes.

4 phototype (Mediterranean)- dark skin, dark hair and dark eyes.
Representatives of this phototype may not be afraid for the condition of their skin on the beach, even with a cream with an SPF factor of 8. Safe time in the sun is 30 minutes.
All creams with SPF above 50 are a marketing ploy. In creams marked SPF 100, 70, 80, as a rule, they put more thickeners, zinc, due to which they lie on the skin in a denser layer, while the degree of protection increases by a maximum of 2 percent.

3. How and what kind of cream to use on the beach?

from the editors

On the beach, you need much stronger protection - from 30 to 50 SPF, while the cream must be regularly updated.

You need to know that most creams - creams with chemical filters - begin to work only 20 minutes after exposure to the sun! At the same time, bathing and wiping with a towel breaks the protective layer, so the cream must be applied again.

It is also interesting that, according to technologists, SPF levels above 50 are more likely a marketing ploy and unattainable.

4. Tell us about physical and chemical filters. What are physical and how are they obtained? What are the disadvantages of funds with them? Which chemical filters are the safest?

from the editors

There are 2 types of filters - physical and chemical. Physical ones are titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, they are used mainly in natural cosmetics. Their peculiarity is that when applied, they whiten the skin. Let's talk briefly about each type:

Physical filters reflect the sun's rays. They are metal salts crushed into dust. The disadvantage is that they can penetrate into the pores, clog them, cause allergies. Due to the content of nanoparticles, they are prohibited for use by the Soil Association and are actively discussed by European eco-certificates!

Chemical filters come into contact with the sun's rays, forming new compounds and turning the sun's radiation into infrared and safe. Less predictable in their degree of danger than physical filters, because some chemical filters can even be toxic and accumulate in the body.

comments Director of Innovation, developer of cosmetics of the Cleon brand, Ph.D. Igor Ivanov:

Physical filters are mineral substances that protect our skin from solar radiation in the same way as an ordinary umbrella, i.e. absorb, reflect, scatter UV rays, but do not let them through to the skin. The most famous of them are zinc and titanium oxides. To make the reflectivity of these substances

maximum, they are ground to very small particles. For what? Imagine that there is a wooden block the size of a matchbox. Putting it on a standard sheet of paper, you can create a shadow the size of this box. If you cut the bar into two layers, they can shade twice the area. If the bar is cut into many layers, they can shade the entire sheet of paper. The same principle is used in the manufacture of mineral filters. Maximum coverage is achieved with a minimum particle size, ideally nano-sized.

But today it is believed that mineral nanoparticles are not safe for humans. Therefore, the same British non-governmental organization Soil Association (SA), specializing in the certification of organic products, announced that products with nanoparticles will no longer be able to receive the SA certificate. First of all, this applies to sunscreens.

Brand training manager comments Weleda Maria Kondratieva:

At Weleda, we only use physical filters in our products for a number of reasons. The first is that physical filters behave more stable in the sun and in cosmetics. The second is that products with chemical filters require discipline from the consumer and

special care. So such funds are recommended to be applied half an hour before going to the beach or in the active sun. Physical filters begin to protect immediately after application, it is convenient to renew them during use.

Nelly Papikyan, mi& ko:

Not all chemical filters are harmful to the body. To date the safest and most effective among chemical filters are considered:

1) Tinosorb S (Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine) is the best chemical filter available today. photostable; protects against UVB, UVA1, UVA2; waterproof

2) Tinosorb M (Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol) - protects against UVB, UVA1, UVA2; less photostable; poorly soluble in water and fats

3) Mexoryl XL (Drometrizole trisiloxane) - Protects against UVA2; photostable; fat soluble; contained only in the funds of the L "Oreal concern

4) Mexoryl SX (Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid) - Protects against UVA1, UVA2; photostable; water soluble; contained only in the funds of the L "Oreal concern.

5. And what are the most harmful SPF ingredients? What ingredients in SPF products should definitely be avoided and why?

from the editors

Most of the major European manufacturers, as a rule, do not use the most harmful filters.

Try not to buy the cheapest sunscreens. they use the cheapest cosmetic ingredients, which, at a minimum, are useless for the skin, and at the most, harmful.

Teymur Belyaev, Levrana:

If the particle size of the physical filter is too small (nanoparticles), then they are completely capable of penetrating from the surface into the body, slagging it. That's why it's so important to know and trust the manufacturer of your sunscreen. (By the way, the COSMOS-Ecocert standard prohibits the use of nanoparticles, so we use micronized zinc oxide, but not nano).

Among the variety of chemical filters, there are a considerable number of truly harmful ones, since in addition to the useful properties

photoprotection, they adversely affect the skin itself, poisoning the body, or being an allergen, not to mention the carcinogenicity of some of them. Some of these substances are: escalol, octinoxate, oxybenzone, enzacamine, cinoxate.

Igor Ivanov, "Cleon":

Now the mass trend dominates that physical filters are healthy. ABOUT rovo, and chemical - bad. It's a delusion. And that's why.

Did you know that there are self-cleaning glasses, the dirt on which is literally burned out by sunlight? All this is achieved due to the thinnest layer of titanium oxide deposited on the glass. Under the influence of ultraviolet light, the inert and safe titanium oxide becomes photoactive and, together with atmospheric oxygen, begins to destroy any organic substances that come into contact with it. The efficiency of these processes is so great that photocatalytic technologies for cleaning surfaces and air based on titanium oxide will soon become a new industry.

Now imagine what happens on the skin, richly lubricated with titanium oxide nanoparticles, thickly mixed with vegetable oils and / or other easily oxidized substances, when this whole mixture is irradiated with ultraviolet light for hours and blown with a fresh warm breeze.

With chemical filters, things are more complicated. Dozens of them are used in cosmetics. And it is true that some of them are dangerous to humans. But this applies to first-generation sunscreens. Current chemical filters are much safer. But there is a fairly large category of people who still avoid them, indiscriminately.

If we talk about what is the most harmful thing in sunscreen cosmetics, I would say: human behavior. When he chooses cheap sunscreens containing dangerous filters. When she puts on creams with a clearly higher SPF than she needs. When he shifts all responsibility to the cream and lies in the sun for hours at a time when all doctors recommend being in the shade.

It is impossible for a modern woman to do without foundation, and there is no need to. Today's foundations and powders are lightweight for summer, allowing skin to breathe and protecting it from damaging UV rays. Therefore, using a tone in the summer is not just a whim, but a necessity to preserve the beauty and youthfulness of the skin. When buying a foundation with a protective UV factor, it is important to choose wisely: the product must be suitable for your skin type. For example, for a fatty type, choose a composition without oil, and for a dry one, you cannot do without this “fatty” component, otherwise you can show everyone small peeling and additionally dry the surface.

What is SPF?

Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a factor that absorbs ultraviolet rays before contact with the skin. There are several degrees of protection from the weakest (5-15) to the highest (90-100). The lighter the skin, the higher the degree of protection. This "golden" rule will keep the epidermis young for a long time and prevent its redness. When choosing a sunscreen, go for at least SPF 30, because the skin of the face is so thin and delicate that a lesser degree of protection will not cope with the aggressive summer sun. And for winter, you can choose something less “heavy” - SPF 15-20 will be just right. Note that the higher the UV protection, the higher the density of the foundation and the more likely that it will lie in an uneven layer or interfere throughout the day, causing sensations of blockage of pores and even heaviness on the face. But there is a solution for such a problem, replace the word “cream” with “fluid”, and choose a tinted sun protection product with a light texture. Perhaps it will not fully tone the skin, but it will not create the effect of a mask and will not cause irritation of the epidermis.

Protection level

The number on the packaging of the protective cream means how much you can enjoy the sunlight and not burn yourself. First, note how long it takes before you blush. Let's say 5 minutes and choose a foundation with SPF 10: 5 x 10 = 50 minutes of quiet sun exposure. But we choose a cream for toning the face and additional protection against harmful UV rays, which means that this arithmetic is not entirely appropriate when choosing a tonal foundation, and yet, let's talk about the value of SPF in numbers:

• 2-4 - the lowest defense, which prevents about 50-75% of solar radiation from entering;
• 5-10 - medium, protects up to 85% UV;
• 10-20 - high degree with protection up to 90%;
• 20-30 - intensive absorbing up to 97% of sunlight;
• 50 is the highest degree(exactly the same as SPF 90-100, but such figures cannot be found on the packaging of foundation), guaranteeing protection up to 99.9% of sunlight.

The optimal SPF value for foundation remains 5-30 depending on age, condition, skin type, vulnerability to sunlight and individual characteristics. For example, for young skin, a SPF 15 foundation for winter and SPF 20-25 for summer will be enough, for a mature epidermis or after a chemical peel procedure, a product with a high SPF 30 is indispensable.

Does it protect against sunburn?

The original purpose of foundation is to create an even coverage and perfect tone. When SPF gets into its composition, the product instantly acquires an additional advantage - it protects the skin from premature aging, wrinkles and even melanoma - skin cancer. There are two answers to the question of whether the face tans under the action of foundation. After being applied to the skin, the foundation stays more or less evenly on it for two hours, after three hours the skin almost completely “eats” it from the surface. Therefore, whether the skin will tan or not depends on the renewal of the foundation. If you apply it in the morning and go to work within the first two hours, then the epidermis will not tan, if you forget about updating the cream and go to the beach, then a light tan cannot be avoided.

Kinds

Classic tonal

The texture of the product with a tonal effect can be different: dense, medium, liquid and light (fluid). Its main advantage is the creation of tone and additional protection against UV radiation. The shades of foundation also differ, which you need to select in the store and test on your own skin.

• For fair skin, choose a cream with a protection factor of at least SPF 20 if you plan to use it in the summer and spend most of your time indoors;
• For tanned skin, choose the appropriate shade directly in the cosmetic store, because the current color is different from natural and requires an updated product. This does not mean that the SPF factor will have to be chosen less;
• Giving radiance. This foundation contains light-reflecting particles that will favorably emphasize the surface of the skin and get rid of minor imperfections. It looks equally good on light or dark skin, especially today “make-up without makeup” is relevant today, and natural shine will only suit the face.

Post-peel protective

This type of foundation with SPF is indicated for girls and women after a chemical peel. It is used regardless of the season and contains a mechanical protection factor, usually iron oxide. The chemical peeling procedure is carried out in the autumn-winter season and requires high-quality protection of the epidermis even from the seemingly non-aggressive winter UV rays. Post-peel foundation cream can not be found in all brands, more often in professional ones, like an Israeli brand Christina. Such a product was created for better mandatory protection after peeling. In addition, it perfectly cares for the skin, retains moisture, normalizes lipid balance and prevents premature aging.

Companies Overview

"Teint Haute Tenue" door Clarins

The cream is presented in 8 shades and has a protection factor SPF 15. Composition " Teint Haute Tenue"enriched with natural ingredients like quinoa extract and a unique Anti-Pollution Complex to preserve youthfulness and beauty of the skin. It is highly resistant and creates an excellent complexion with a matte finish, while the texture of foundation Clarins unusually light.

BioDerma

Foundation " Photoderm Max"has a high protection factor SPF 50 and is presented in one natural shade (it adapts to individual skin tone). The high degree of protection of the product allows it to be used by women with increased sensitivity of the dermis to UV radiation and skin diseases, for mature and vulnerable to the formation of age spots skin.Its texture is moderately dense, evenly and easily distributed over the surface of the skin and does not leave a white coating.It is well absorbed into the skin and requires renewal every 2 hours for reliable protection.

"Rose de Mer" by Christina

The protective post-peel foundation is presented in the only natural shade that adapts to the natural skin tone and is suitable for all skin types and ages. The main protection factor in this product is iron oxide or red clay, which blocks 99.9% of ultraviolet radiation from reaching the epidermis.

"Glow" by Lumene

The radiance effect foundation is available in 6 shades and has a light texture with an additional moisturizing effect. Weightless creamy coating instantly transforms and refreshes the epidermis, gives it a natural glow and lasting pigment. Its protection level is SPF 15.

"Ever Matte" by Clarins

Mattifying foundation " Ever Matte" with SPF 15 is ideal for summer and skin prone to increased sebum production.