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The development of preschooler thinking with the help of mnemonics. Download the book Bolshev T.V. Learning from a fairy tale. Thinking development of preschoolers using mnemonics Video: Lesson on the development of speech using mnemonics

When working with children to memorize poems, I use the "mnemonics" technique. Mnemonics is translated as "the art of memorization." It uses plan diagrams, drawings (mnemonic tables). In preschool age, visual-figurative memory prevails, and memorization is mostly involuntary. These schemes serve as a kind of visual reference, which allows you to memorize text much faster, save information, and reproduce it; captivate children, turn the process of telling and memorizing into a game.

The plan-diagram (mnemonic tables) is a graphic or partially graphic representation of the characters of a fairy tale, natural phenomena, some actions, etc., by highlighting the main semantic links.

Tasks of the implementation of the methodology "mnemonics":

Help children in organizing and organizing cognitive information about the environment;

Enrich the vocabulary of children, develop coherent speech;

to teach consistency, consistency, completeness and coherence of presentation;

Development of basic mental processes - attention, figurative thinking, imagination, speech and visual memory

Promote the ability of children to transform abstract symbols into images (recoding information);

Remove speech negativism, educate children in the need for verbal communication for better adaptation in modern society;

Develop fine motor skills in children.

Stages of working with a schematic model:

Teach children to replace keywords in sentences with symbolic icons;

To teach to sketch objects and natural phenomena, independently, with the help of symbols-signs, to fill in the model-scheme;

To consolidate the studied material by repeated repetition of the poem based on the previously drawn up model scheme.

Stages of work on a poem:

Expressive reading of a poem.

The message that children will learn this poem by heart. Then one more time reading the poem based on mnemonic tables.

Questions about the content of the poem, helping the children understand the main point.

Find out which words are incomprehensible to children, explain their meaning in a form accessible to children.

Reading each line of the poem separately. Children repeat it based on mnemonic tables.

Children recite a poem based on mnemonic tables.

  1. Baryaeva L.B., Loginova E.T., Lopatina L.V. I'm talking! M., 2007.
  2. Bolshova, T.V. Learning from a fairy tale. The development of thinking of preschoolers with the help of mnemonics. SPb., 2005.
  3. Wenger LA Development of the ability to visual spatial modeling // Preschool education, 1982, no.
  4. Kondratyeva N. How to use the model for the development of speech creativity. Preschool education.-1991.- No. 10.- P.52-56.
  5. Maletina N. Modeling in the descriptive speech of children. Preschool education.-2004.-№6.-С 64-69.
  6. Polyanskaya T.B. Using the method of mnemonics in teaching storytelling for preschool children. SPb, 2009.
  7. Tkachenko T.I. Using diagrams in writing descriptive stories. Preschool education. - 1990.-No. 10.- P.16-21.
  8. Tkachenko T. Schemes for compiling descriptive and comparative stories by preschoolers. - M .: Publishing house GNOM and D, 2005.

In this article, we will talk about the use of mnemonics for the development of children.

Having an excellent memory, is it difficult for a child to remember certain images? This can be easily corrected by using mnemonics in his upbringing.

What is mnemonics, mnemonics in the development of coherent speech and memory, memorization of information in young children, preschoolers and school age: definition, explanation of the method

Mnemonics is an art that allows you to better and faster memorize images. The structure of mnemonics includes methodologies and rules aimed at improving the functionality of memory. Thanks to them, teachers and parents can easily organize the information entering the child's brain, while creating associative images.

The child begins to memorize numbers and complex words using colorful images. As a result, the information received by him is fixed faster and more firmly. Mnemonics is a technique during which mnemonics are used, a variety of techniques that help a child remember a lot of information.

Anyone can use mnemonics. Age doesn't matter here. This does not require special abilities and skills. It all depends on how much time will be spent on study.

There are several types of mnemonics:

  • People's. This method of mnemonics is considered the most common. As a rule, the methodology is used by kindergarten teachers and teachers in schools. But it is not as effective as it does not have a specific system.
  • Classic. This method was used by our ancestors. Thanks to him, children and adults memorized long sentences. The combination of methods in this direction is not very large. This category includes many techniques, for example, the "Cicero" method.
  • Pedagogical. This technique is not based on visual thinking. Consequently, it is easier and more understandable for children to receive information through knowledge. In pedagogical mnemonics, as a rule, emphasis is placed on ensuring that children memorize material by reading books, poems, and texts.
  • Circus or "variety". By the principles of operation, it is very similar to classical mnemonics. There is, however, one distinctive point - here the information is more encrypted: in voice, gestures, facial expressions. The most basic thing in the method is the transfer of information from teacher to student by various methods.
  • Sports. Here the speech is directly related to the competitions that are held between mnemonists. Children can take part in the competition, taking into account the following indicators: the speed of memorizing information, its volume.
  • Modern. This technique is based on the use of a theoretical basis. There are several techniques based on this mnemonic technique. They are refined, then combined, used to solve a particular problem.

The advantages of mnemonics are obvious. The child thanks to this technique:

  • Begins to memorize sequences of actions faster.
  • Get used to the daily routine.
  • Learns to read faster.
  • Increases your own attentiveness.
  • The child develops figurative thinking well.

How to develop memory, coherent speech, memorization of information for young children using mnemonics: methods, techniques and exercises

The main goal of mnemonics is to develop a child's memory, thinking, imagination, and attention. Since it is these processes that directly relate to the full development of the baby.

As a rule, special mnemonic tables are used in kindergartens and schools. The essence of these tables is as follows: a certain picture is invented for a word or phrase, as a result of which the text is shown to the child in the form of a diagram. Glancing at such schemes, the child begins to reproduce the material faster.

You can do mnemonics with your child when he turns 4 years old. It is at this age that his vocabulary will begin to accumulate. Use mnemonic tables depicting individual images to study. For example, a chanterelle is red, a tree is green, and so on.



You can also use the following techniques:

  • Tactile play... The essence of this technique is as follows - replace pictures with objects. For example, to study round items, place a round pebble, a lid, a tennis ball, and similar items in a box. Ask your child to feel the specific item out of the box.
  • Flanelegraph. Put a cloth on top of the magnetic board, buy pictures with magnets. Tell your child a story with pauses at some points. The kid's task is to choose an image with the desired object, on which you paused, and attach the magnet to the flannelgraph.
  • Sound lotto... Turn on the peanut sounds. He will have to choose pictures for them. For example, "Who makes the meow sound?"

How to develop memory, coherent speech, memorization of information for preschoolers using mnemonics: methods, techniques and exercises

In the methods of mnemonics, try to use certain types of memorization. Of course, play is considered the most effective way here. Also, for a child 5-6 years old, use the schemes by drawing them in one color. Thus, you can draw the child's attention to the brightness of these pictures.

  • « Collect the set "... Give your toddler separate images. The child should group them and explain to you why he decided to put them together.
  • « Draw your impressions. " This technique allows you to increase your vocabulary. By the way, he is also able to form the traditions that are in the family. Invite your child to draw together the impressions that he has left from the past day. Next, the baby must tell you what was bad and what was good for him today. Add new words and concepts regularly.
  • "Learn a verse"... To make it easier for your child to learn poetry, use special tables. On them, depict each line in the form of a sign or a picture. Be sure to add words or letters to the tables.


  • « Memory grid ". Give your child a picture. Tell us what is shown on it, and then turn the picture over. The kid should name the element that is in this or that image, then open it and test his own knowledge.
  • "Stories from pictures". Find a story in which part of the words are replaced by pictures. Thus, your child will learn new words and develop imagination.
  • "Photo memory"... Give the child a picture, remove it later, show him a completely different one so that it differs from the previous one in a certain element.
  • "Day Night". Lay out various pictures on the table. Having said, "Night has come," the baby must close his eyes, and at this time you hide one image. Opening his eyes, the child will have to guess which picture is missing.

How to develop memory, coherent speech, memorization of information for primary school children using mnemonics: methods, techniques and exercises

Thanks to mnemonics, the entire brain is included in the work. The left hemisphere of the brain will be responsible for logic, and the right hemisphere for imagination. Offer your child one of the following mnemonic techniques or all at once. You can practice them with him every day.

  • "Chain"... This method will allow your child to learn to memorize several elements at the same time. For example, you need to remember some foods. The child must imagine an image of these products, glue them mentally with other objects of the same color and size. Then he must connect the images with each other, thereby obtaining pairs. When he gets a connection, let him mentally remove one picture, switch his attention to the second object. After that, he will have a connection between the next pair of pictures. When the child remembers the whole chain, several objects will pop up in his mind at the same time.
  • "Matryoshka"... Here the pictures are combined in pairs. The first image of the association is larger, it includes the second image. The method resembles a nesting doll: the child needs to imagine small elements as large, connecting them with a part of large objects. When the child connects them, his consciousness will be directed to the smaller element, while the large object will disappear from his thoughts. After that, the child needs to enlarge the object and attach it to the next image, and since.


  • "Symbolization"... This method is used in order to memorize abstract concepts. Having imagined an image, the child should ask himself the question, how best to present it? For example, cold evokes associations with ice and snow. And the heat is with the summer, the sea.
  • Method "Cicero". This method is considered quite interesting. The child remembers the interior of the room, binds to certain elements of the association, thereby memorizing them. It is important here that the child adheres to a special sequence. For example, moving clockwise, he should imagine the path from home to school. And when he re-follows this path, pick up memorized objects, call associations to them.

Mnemonics for children: tables of numbers, letters, symbols

The easiest method for a child to memorize numbers, letters and symbols is a table. You can draw such tables yourself using our tips.

In order to memorize numbers, make diagrams by placing numbers and associations to them in them. Example:

To memorize letters, make a similar scheme, only the essence here is slightly different. Place letters in the first column, in the second draw images whose names begin with this letter.

Mnemonics in kindergarten based on fairy tales: a technique for preschool educators

You can train the memory of children, teach them to retell some texts on a variety of topics, even in kindergartens. For this type of mnemonics, teachers, as a rule, use reference schemes. Learning begins from a year or from 2 years old, when the kid is already familiar with some fairy tales and tries to tell them, while confusing characters and events. Special mnemonic tables for preschool children are made by educators according to fairy tales known to them.

Images in table cells are characters from fairy tales. Fairly convenient in such practice, a fairy tale called "Kolobok". In this table, events repeat themselves from time to time, and the characters change. For kids 2 years old, tables consisting of 4 - 9 cells, no more, are suitable.

The following tables are drawn by the teacher with the children. The guys will take part in drawing up such mnemonic tables with great pleasure. In the future, they will independently come up with tables for any fairy tale, complicating them a little, increasing the number of cells themselves.

Improvement of memory in this case occurs due to the regular encoding of verbal information into pictures and vice versa. As a result, children scroll through the resulting material in their head several times, memorizing it automatically.

For children over 5 years old, the task is a little more complicated:

  • Option 1. Characters from completely different fairy tales are added to the table. The children then determine which characters in the table are redundant.
  • Option 2. Characters of fairy tales are mixed in the table. Children must distribute these heroes according to the necessary tables.
  • Option 3. Tables are cut, then the children restore them on their own. The cards are scattered, the teacher reads the fairy tale, and the children find the necessary image.

The use of mnemonics to help children memorize the multiplication table

The techniques for learning the multiplication table are very similar to those used for learning a foreign language. You can also use cards here by writing numbers on them anywhere you want.

Currently, the following mnemonic methods are also considered quite common:

  • Reception with 2, 3, 5. This type of mnemonics is used, as a rule, at the initial stage of studying the multiplication table. This counting is considered a basic technique that allows you to get acquainted with the multiplication table. This method is technologically consistent with the method during which single-digit numbers and their composition are memorized. If your child is able to master the material, he will easily cope with the remaining numbers from the table, as well as with more complex options in the future.


  • Consecutive addition. This method is directly related to the addition of identical terms. It is considered convenient, even when multiplying 7 or 8, if, of course, the second factor is small. For example, 5x3 = 5 + 5 + 5.
  • Adding a term number to the previous result. This technique is used if the child has already learned something from the multiplication table. For example, 4. Continue with the example above. It is easy to remember. But, if you need 5x6, then you can add the missing 5 to the received answer 15. 15 + 5 + 5 + 5. In addition, the child needs to be able to correctly add and subtract in his head up to 100.

The use of mnemonics in speech therapy classes with children

Preschool age is considered to be the most favorable, because during this period of life, the child lays the foundations of literacy, clarity of pronunciation of words, beautiful speech. These are very important conditions affecting the mental education of a child. A child with speech impairment has the following problems:

  • The minimum set of words.
  • Inability to make sentences from words.
  • Impaired pronunciation of certain sounds.
  • Disturbed attention.
  • Broken logic.

Faced with such a problem, you can use mnemonics. Thanks to her, you will achieve the following results:

  • The child will improve associated speech and associative thinking.
  • The child will be able to better assimilate the material using visual and auditory memory.
  • The child's imagination will work better, the process of memorizing sounds will speed up.

Mnemonic squares are an ideal method, a symbol of any successful activity. Thanks to such schemes, you will quickly teach your child to learn poetry, riddles, tongue twisters.



The stages of study are as follows:

  • Read the verse expressively to the child.
  • Ask your child to study the verse with you.
  • Read the poem again, focusing on the mnemonic table.
  • Ask your child questions about the verse. Help him if necessary, understand with him the main idea of ​​the work.
  • Find out from the child exactly which words seemed incomprehensible to him. Explain what they mean.
  • Read each line of the verse individually. Ask your child to repeat the verse.
  • At the very end, the child will have to tell a poem.

In the mnemonic table that you will use, enter all the characters in the verse. Thanks to this, your baby will learn to concentrate, build sentences correctly and express his own speech.

Mnemonics in the study of vocabulary words: techniques, associations to words

The following types of mnemonics are used to study vocabulary words:

  • Visual associations.
  • Sound associations.
  • Mnemonic "connections" and many others.

Children like visual associations the most. While memorizing a certain word, invite the kid to look at the picture that will denote the word, plus he will be able to beat the hard-to-remember letter. For example, depict the word "Magnet" and the letter "A" in the picture. Having chosen other words, focus on those letters that your baby cannot say or write.

Also, in other words, the letters that make the child difficult to write, depict with pictures, taking into account the meaning of the word itself. In the word "Penny" the second letter is very similar to a penny. Hence, draw it instead.

The next technique is sound associations. For example, the word "Breakfast" is consonant with the word "Cancer". By combining these words into one single phrase, you can get the sentence: “On breakfast will be boiled cancer". Your child will learn this word using sound association. And the phrase itself sounds more melodic, therefore, it is remembered without problems.

Video: Lesson on the development of speech using mnemonics

Sections: Working with preschoolers

Our kindergarten operates under the Childhood program. This program allows you to get creative with planning. From the proposed content, we independently determine the ratio of the material that the child can learn in independent activity, what can be achieved in joint activity, and what needs to be included in classes and other types of activity.

The development of children's speech is one of the most important tasks in preparing children for school. It became necessary for us to organize the development of the child in this way, so that the baby himself was an active figure. It was necessary to interest the children, arouse their interest in classes and, in particular, in classes for the development of speech.

Having worked through a lot of literature on topics of interest to us, we stopped at interesting finds by such authors as T.V. Bolsheva, L.E. Belousova. They offer the development of thinking of preschoolers, and at the same time the development of speech using mnemonics or mnemonics. This is a system of various techniques that facilitate memorization and increase the amount of memory through the formation of additional associations (2). This method of work is certainly not new, but such a system of work presented by the authors interested us. So the manual “Learning from a fairy tale” by TV Bolsheva presents in detail the system of work. The selection of fairy tales for working with children of the younger group was carried out according to the "Childhood" program. We decided to start working with children using this guide.

Having prepared the necessary materials, having studied the literature, we plunged into the interesting world of a fairy tale. The work consisted not in a dry retelling of the content, but in an active, creative process of working on the work. In the beginning, we taught children to understand mnemonic paths. This is didactic material, a diagram in which certain information is entered (2). Since she was initially unfamiliar to the children, teachers took on a teaching role, i.e. brought to the children the content that is embedded in the mnemonic track. Having understood the work with the mnemonic track, children easily master the training mnemonic tables. At a younger age, on the advice of the author of the manual, we use color pictures. Children remember images more easily if the color corresponds to the hero: the fox is red, the sun is yellow (Figure 1).

At the beginning of training, we did not use the method of graphic sketching, but gradually, already in the younger group, we introduced coding of information with the help of a teacher, partially, and by the end of training, a complete sketch in class.

One of the techniques we use is to work with collage. This is a sheet of cardboard on which various pictures, letters, geometric shapes, etc. are applied (2). This tutorial has different objectives. This is the development of photographic memory, expansion of vocabulary, imaginative perception, etc. This manual is used in all types of classes. The child learns to connect all the pictures of the collage, draws up plots.

Working with children of primary preschool age with mnemonics, we note that children listen to a fairy tale with interest, easily memorize the text, relying on the table, and reproduce the content. During the period of work on the fairy tale, children perform a number of tasks aimed at intellectual development. This is how children get to know the letters, work on the articulation of sounds, participate in activities, games, and learn poetry. Traveling to the “village of skazkino” children master all kinds of activities. Work in free activity has become more diverse, since the content of the classes is organically introduced into the game environment. Children paint pictures according to fairy tales, draw practiced sounds in speech corners, construct houses for heroes of fairy tales, etc.

One of the interesting tricks is working with tactile tablets. Planks with different surfaces are made. Various materials are glued to the surface: sandpaper, soft cloth, cereals, seeds, etc. This material is good for the development of tactile memory, imagination, speech development. The child is invited to close his eyes, a tablet is put into his hands. The child, feeling the surface, explains what it feels like, what it reminds him of. Stroking a plate with buckwheat, the child says that it is a toothed wolf, his teeth are sharp, he is angry. Receiving a plank with fur, he replies that it is a fox, sly, fluffy. She has a long fluffy tail and is beautiful.

Since young children are very curious and find it difficult to contain themselves without opening their eyes, we use a traditional wonderful bag for this game. Here, children already have the opportunity not only to examine the proposed tablet, but also to choose from a large number in the bag on their own (Figure 2).

Having seen the value of this work, its effectiveness, we can easily include this technique in all types of classes. Since our kindergarten provides priority ecological development of children, this method of working with children helps us a lot in solving these problems. The use of modeling in the environmental education of children helps them to form the concept of “season as a season”, to remember the signs of seasons, to learn the principles of composing descriptive stories by seasons and describing various objects, etc. Mnemonics have become part of the life of the children of our group. And having come to the end of preschool age, children used schemes in all types of activities, independently sketched experiments, observation results, and made plans for stories.

Together with the educators, the children made mnemonic tables for many programmed fairy tales, schemes for descriptive stories of clothes, vegetables and fruits, toys, humans, weather, a model of plant needs and care for them, signs of wildlife, all year round, etc.

We note that clarity in the form of models of any plan helps children in mastering many tasks. Children develop comprehensively. In addition to the specific skills inherent in certain types of activity, our children are well prepared for school, where the development of mental processes is important: attention, memory, thinking. We solve the issues of preparing for school in a comprehensive manner and we help mnemonics in this.

Used Books.

  1. Belousova L.E. Amazing stories. Summaries of lessons on the development of speech using TRIZ elements for older preschool children. - SPb: "Childhood-Press", 2000.
  2. Bolsheva T.V. Learning from a fairy tale. The development of thinking of preschoolers with the help of mnemonics. SPb: "Childhood-Press", 2001.

Download the book Bolshev T.V. Learning from a fairy tale. Thinking development of preschoolers with the help of mnemotechnics absolutely free.

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Preschool age is the age of figurative forms of consciousness, and the main means that a child masters at this age are figurative means. The use of the notation presented in the book allows the child to summarize his direct experience. This methodological guide for educators contains abstracts of playful fairy-tale lessons with detailed comments on their implementation and cut-through visual material.
Designed for preschool educational institutions, as well as parents interested in ways to develop children's memory, thinking, attention, imagination.


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