What to say during ablution. Ablution in Islam: ghusl, taharat, the order in which they are performed

25.08.2023

Ablution occupies a special role in Islamic doctrine, since without it, Muslims cannot perform some rituals of worship. This term in Islam refers to the process of ritual cleansing performed by believers at least several times a day.

Ablution is of two types: small (“wudu”, “taharat”), as well as full (“ghusl”).

Taharat

A small ablution is a kind of ritual cleansing performed by believers regularly and does not require complete exposure when performing it.

In what cases is it necessary to perform taharat:

before starting the prayer (prayer);

before reading the Holy Quran;

before starting the circuit around the Kaaba.

Wudu procedure:

1. Speak intention for performing ablution: in order to start taharat, a person must have an appropriate intention, which he can say to himself.

2. Say the words "Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim"(“In the name of Allah the Merciful and Merciful”).

3. Wash the hands up to the wrists: the believer must wash the palms of both hands three times up to the wrists, without fail washing the areas between the fingers (preferably starting with the right hand).

4. Rinse your mouth: after hands, rinse your mouth well three times, and it is advisable to present water to your lips with your right hand.

5. Rinse the sinuses: a Muslim should wash his nose three times, drawing in water from his right hand and removing discharge from his left.

6. Wash your face: to do this, it is enough to rinse your face three times so that each time water gets on its entire surface (up to the ears).

7. Wash your hands up to the elbows: each hand, starting with the right, is successively washed from all sides three times from the wrist to the elbow.

8. Rubbing the head, neck and ears: it is necessary to wipe the hair with wet palms, while it is prescribed to touch at least a quarter of the head (usually wipe with a movement of the right hand from the top of the head to the forehead). After that, the thumbs are moved under the earlobes, and the index fingers wipe the auricle and auditory canal. At the end of this stage, you should walk along the neck with the back of your hands, smoothly moving your hands from the back to the front.

9. Cleansing the feet: in conclusion, the feet are washed three times up to the ankles, including the areas between the fingers. Here it is also welcome to perform the procedure, starting with the right leg.

It is important to know that the obligatory actions (fard) of taharat will be the following: washing the face, hands up to the elbows, wiping the neck, ears and head, washing the feet. The obligatory nature of these stages is due to the fact that they are mentioned in the Holy Scriptures of Muslims:

“O you who believe! When you stand up for prayer, then wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles” (5:6)

Thus, after performing wudu, the believer is in a state of ritual purity, in which he can pray, read the Qur'an, and so on. This position is maintained until the believer commits any act that violates it.

What breaks wudoo’:

defecation, including the release of gases;

loss of consciousness;

sleep, except when a person is napping while sitting or standing;

excretion of impurities from the human body in large quantities (blood, pus, etc.);

touching directly to the genitals (i.e. not through tissue);

severe vomiting (provided that the vomit filled the entire oral cavity).

Ghusl

Full ablution is a kind of ablution performed when a Muslim is in a state of ritual defilement. In the Quran, the Lord of the worlds tells us:

“…If you are defiled, then wash yourself from head to toe and be cleansed…” (5:6)

Situations in which GUSL is needed:

after intimacy (for ritual defilement, contact of the genitals will be sufficient, even if ejaculation has not occurred);

after ejaculation that did not occur due to intimacy (for example, if it arose due to passionate sensations as a result of thoughts, or viewing images and videos with naked bodies, wet dreams, etc. is considered haram);

the postmenstrual period in women (during menstruation, a woman is in a state of ritual defilement, and therefore on such days she is even forbidden to pray and. After the completion of menstruation, women should perform a ghusl);

the postpartum period in women (at the end of postpartum bleeding, it is also prescribed to perform a full ablution);

after the adoption of Islam (after a person has pronounced the shahada and became a Muslim, he must be cleansed);

death (before burial, the body of every Muslim must be washed)

Being in a state of ritual defilement, a believer does not have the right to:

read and touch the Holy Quran (if its text is entirely in Arabic);

perform prayer;

visit the mosque;

circumnavigate the Kaaba.

The procedure for performing a full ablution:

Intention for Ghusl: as in front of the taharat, a person must say (possibly mentally) intention;

Say "Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim";

Washing hands up to the wrists: rinse hands three times up to the wrists, while cleaning the areas between the fingers (it is preferable to start with the right hand);

Genital washing: this should be done carefully to eliminate all impurities, and preferably with the left hand;

Performing all the actions of small ablution (wudu): at the same time, the procedure for washing the palms is repeated, and the feet are postponed until the end of the ghusl;

Dousing the head: it is necessary to do it three times and so that all the hair on the head, including the beard and mustache, is moistened from the tips to the roots;

Pouring on the right side of the body: three times and with a sufficient amount of water for this, but without allowing its excessive consumption;

Three times pouring over the left side of the body;

Foot washing(including areas between fingers).

Like taharat, ghusl contains both obligatory and desirable actions. However, there are some discrepancies with regard to full ablution among Muslim legal schools. If, according to the Hanaft madhhab, rinsing the mouth, washing the nasal cavity and pouring over the whole body is considered fard when performing the ghusl, then in the Shafi'i madhhab it is intention, removal of impurities and complete dousing.

Benefits of ablution

Believers are required to perform ablution not only before performing religious practices - the state of ritual purity should be inherent in any Muslim almost constantly. Taharat and ghusl in Islam is considered a good deed, for which a reward is due. The well-known hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) says: “If someone, being in a state of ablution, performs it again, the Almighty writes 10 good deeds to him” (at-Tirmidhi).

In addition, ritual cleansing helps to erase the sins of the believer, as stated in the following hadith: “When a Muslim performs ablution, then, washing his face, washes away all the sins that his eyes commit, washing his hands, washes away all the sins that he committed with them, washing his feet , washes away all the sins that he committed with them, and thus the person will become clean from sins ”(Muslim and at-Tirmidhi cite).

Another advantage of ablution is the fact that it can lead the believer to Paradise. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) once admonished: “Which of you makes ablution, then says, for that all eight gates of paradise will open” (hadith from Muslim).

Prayers that are recommended to be read when performing a partial ablution

When washing every part of the body it is advisable to read the shahada in the following form:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ

“Ashhadu alla ilyaha illallahu wahdah la shara lahu, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluhu.”

In addition, special prayers are also read during ablution (the shahada is read at the first washing of the organs, washing for the second and third time - the prayers below are read).

Washing the hands at the very beginning of ablution, after "Isti'az" and "Basmala" they read:

اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذي جَعَلَ الْماءَ طَهُورًا

"Al-hamdu lillahi-llah h and ja'alal-maa tahura ”(Praise be to Allah, who made the water cleansing).

اَللّهُمَّ بَيِّضْ وَجْهي بِنُورِكَ يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهُ أَوْلِيائِكَ وَلا تُسَوِّدْ وَجْهي بِظُلُماتِكَ يَوْمَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهُ أَعْدائِكَ

"Allahumma bayyiz wajhi binurika yavma tabyazzu wujuhu avliyaika wa la tusavvid wajhi bizulyumatika yavma taswaddu wujuhu a'daika".

(O Allah! Lighten my face with Your nur on the day when the faces of Your favorites are illuminated, and do not blacken my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your enemies are blackened).

اَللّهُمَّ أَعْطِني كِتابي بِيَميني وَحاسِبْني حِسابًا يَسيرًا

"Allahumma a'tini kitabi biyamini wa hasibni hisaban yasira".

(O Allah, offer me my records of earthly deeds on the Day of Judgment on the right side and reprimand me with an easy report).

اَللّهُمَّ لا تُعْطِني كِتابي بِشِمالي وَلا مِنْ وَراءِ ظَهْري

"Allahumma la tu'tini kitabi bishimali wa la min warai zahri."

(O Allah, do not offer me my notes on the left and behind).

Performing a head rub (mashu), read:

اَللّهُمَّ حَرِّمْ شَعْري وَبَشَري عَلَى النّارِ

"Allahumma harrim sha'ri wa bashari 'ala-nnar".

(O Allah, make my hair and skin forbidden to the fire of Hell).

When washing each of the feet read:

اَللّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ قَدَمَيَّ عَلَى الصِّراطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فيهِ الْأَقْدامُ

"Allahumma With abbit kadamaya ‘ala-ssyrati yavma tazillu fihil-akdam.

(O Allah, fix my feet on the bridge of Sirat on the day when they slide).

After completing a partial(as well as complete) ablutions, stretching their hands forward and looking up at the sky, they read the following prayer:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْني مِنَ التَّوّابينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنْ عِبادِكَ الصّالِحينَ سُبْحانَكَ اللّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاّ أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَصَحْبِه وَسَلَّمْ

“Ashhadu alla ilyaha illallah wahdahu la shara la lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh. Allahumma-j'alni mina-ttavvabina waj'alni minal-mutatahhirina, waj'alni min 'ibadika-s-salikhina, subhanakallahumma va bihamdika, ashhadu alla ilyaha illa antha, astagfiruka wa atubu ilyayka, wa sallyallahu 'ala sayyidina Mu hammadiv-wa' ala alihi wa sahbihi wa sallam."

(I testify with my tongue, acknowledge and believe with my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, the One, Who has no partner, and I once again testify, acknowledge and believe with my heart that, verily, Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

O Allah, make me of those who repent of their sins, and make me of those who keep cleanliness, and make me of Your pious servants who serve You well. You are pure from all shortcomings, praise be to You. I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except You. I ask Your forgiveness and I repent before You. And the blessing of Allah to our master Muhammad, his family and companions, peace and prosperity to them).

How to do ablution before prayer?

Many new Muslims are concerned about the question of how ablution is done before performing prayer. This is a very important procedure that cannot be omitted, since prayerful standing before God is possible only in a state of ritual purity. Below we will talk about how this ablution is performed.

Types of ablution

In Islam, there are two types of ritual ablution: small and full. In the minor version, only the hands, mouth, and nose are washed, while the full version requires the washing of the entire body. The result of both procedures is purity, called in Arabic taharat.

Full ablution

This variant is called ghusl in Arabic. Below we will tell you how to do a full ablution, but first you need to say about the cases in which it is necessary. So, if we are talking about a woman, then she is prescribed to do ghusl after the end of the period of menstruation and postpartum bleeding. In addition, sexual intimacy is considered the reason for complete ablution. If we are talking about a man, then for him such a reason is also sexual contact and the fact of ejaculation in general. If a person has just converted to Islam or for some reason did not practice namaz, then he is also ordered to perform a ghusl, since the probability that in a previous life he did not have such moments when the rules of Islam required a full bath is close to zero.

Full Body Washing Rules

The rules of Sharia tell about how to properly perform ablution before prayer. According to them, the nose, mouth and whole body should be washed. But, before doing ablution, you need to get rid of everything that can prevent the penetration of water. It can be wax, paraffin, cosmetics, paint, nail polish and more. During washing, it is especially necessary to wash the parts of the body into which water can hardly get. For example, auricles, navel, areas behind the ears, holes from earrings. The skin on the head should also be washed with water along with the hair. Regarding how to perform ablution on women with long braided hair, the rules of Islam explain that if they, when braided, do not prevent the penetration of water, then they can be left as they are. But if water cannot get on the scalp because of them, then the hair needs to be untangled. Another recommendation on how to do ablution for women concerns their female genitals. Their outer part also needs to be washed, preferably while squatting.

mouth rinse

As for rinsing the mouth, this procedure must be performed three times. At the same time, everything that prevents the penetration of water to the surface should be removed from the teeth and from the oral cavity, if possible. When asked how to properly perform ablution if there are fillings, dentures or crowns in the teeth, the rules of the ghusl answer that these things should not be touched. Also, you do not need to remove various devices, such as corrective plates and braces, which only a doctor can safely remove. For the time of bathing, it is necessary to get rid of only those things that are easily removed and easily inserted back. Regarding how to do ablution correctly, it must be said that certain sunnats and adabs are attached to this action, that is, some ritual actions that are generally not required. But if they are fulfilled, then the reward from Allah, as Muslims believe, will be increased. But since these are optional things, we will not touch on them in this article.

What is forbidden without full ablution other than prayer?

There are things that are forbidden for Muslims who have not performed a full ablution. In addition to actually praying, these include bowing to the ground while reading certain lines of the Koran and bowing to the ground out of gratitude to Allah. In addition, it is forbidden to touch the Koran or its individual parts printed in other books. While still in a state of impurity, it is forbidden to read the Quran, even if you do not touch it. It is allowed to read only individual words, the totality of which is less than one ayat, that is, a verse. This rule, however, has an exception. So, suras, which are prayers, are allowed to be read. Without a ritual full ablution, it is forbidden to go to the mosque and go around the Kaaba during the Hajj.

There is one subtlety - the state without ritual washing is classified into three levels. In one of them, it is allowed to fast Ramadan, while in others it is not. But this is another topic, and we will not touch on this issue.

Small ablution

Now let's talk about how to do a small ablution. First, it must be said that this method of washing is called wudu in Arabic. It is also important to note that it does not replace a full bath - ghusl.

When is wudu done?

In order to understand how to properly perform ablution before prayer in accordance with the rules of wudu, one must learn when it is necessary. Let's say you did a full bath, but then, before praying, you visited the toilet. In this case, you should do a little washing. It is also necessary if you fall asleep or faint, as the state of unconsciousness leads to a partial loss of ritual purity. A voodoo ceremony is also required when a person has blood, mucus or pus. Similarly, the situation is with the situation when there was an attack of nausea, and the person vomited. Severe bleeding in the oral cavity (if there is more blood than saliva) is also considered a reason for passing a small ablution. Well, the situation of alcohol intoxication or other clouding of reason concludes this list.

When not to do wudu?

There are things in respect of which it is not entirely clear whether it is necessary to do ablution after them or not. And, probably, the most common question among them is expectoration. The rules of ritual cleanliness in Islam say that expectoration of mucus does not lead to the need to perform ablution. The same applies to cases where small parts of the flesh are separated from the body - hair, pieces of skin, and so on. But only if it didn't cause bleeding. Touching the genitals (it doesn't matter, one's own or someone else's) does not lead to the fact that repeated washing is required. Touching a person of the opposite sex, if he is not in the category of mahrams, is also not considered a reason to repeat wudu.

Voodoo procedure

Now let's talk directly about how to do ablution before prayer according to the order of wudu. In accordance with Sharia law, it includes four mandatory items - washing the face, hands, feet and nose.

To wash your face, you need to understand what is considered a face in Islam, that is, where its boundaries lie. So, if in width, then the border of the face will run from one earlobe to the other. And along the length - from the tip of the chin to the point from which hair growth begins. Sharia law also teaches how to wash hands: hands must be washed up to the elbows, including the last. Similarly, the legs are washed up to the ankle. On how to do ablution before prayer, if there is something on the surface of the skin that can prevent the penetration of water, the rules clearly say that such things must be removed. If the water does not fall on the entire area of the designated parts of the body, then ablution cannot be considered valid. Therefore, it is necessary to remove all paints, decorations, etc. However, henna drawings do not interfere with ablution, since it does not interfere with the penetration of water. After all parts of the body are washed, it is necessary to wash the head. How to do the washing of the head according to a small rank, again, the rules suggest. In fact, ablution would be simply wiping a quarter of the area of the head with a wet hand. But at the same time, you need to be careful, since rubbing the hair not on the head, but on the forehead, back of the head, or rubbing the hair twisted on the head, will not be considered valid.

It should also be noted that without a small ablution (unless, of course, you have just completed a full one), some ritual actions are prohibited. Their list is identical to those that are prohibited in the absence of a performed ghusl. There are also adabs and sunnats for small ablution, which we do not consider in this article. Another important point is that when performing wudu, you do not need to remove contact lenses from your eyes, as this is not required by Shariah.

Taharat - ablution before prayer

Taharat - certain ritual actions that a Muslim is obliged to perform before performing prayer. Taharat is the cleansing of a person from spiritual and physical impurity: there is an internal taharat, achieved through repentance and righteousness, and an external taharat, achieved in the following ways:

Full ablution (Gusul): is performed after various kinds of defilements (after childbirth, after intimacy, at the end of menstruation in women), a serious illness, before Friday prayers, going to the mosque, fasting.
Small ablution (Wudu) is obligatory immediately before performing prayer. Like a full ablution, wudu requires clean water, free of impurities and odors.
Washing with sand and stone
Teeth cleaning
Washing after the departure of need
Shoe washing, clothes cleaning

A small ablution is performed in the following order:

Say the intention to perform a small ablution. To do this, say: "Bismillahir-rahmanir-rahim!".
Wash your hands up to the wrist three times.
Rinse your mouth 3 times.
Rinse the nose 3 times: draw water into the nose and clean it.
Wash your face 3 times with water.
From the limbs to the elbow, each 3 times.
Once, in the direction from the forehead to the back of the head, moisten the head.
Rinse ears with thumb and forefinger: The ears should be washed both inside and behind the auricle.
Wash the feet up to the ankles 3 times. Wash the right leg first. And then the left.

During ablution, excessive consumption of water, excessive splashing of water on the face is unacceptable, but saving it is not recommended.

During ablution, it is undesirable to talk with strangers.

Full ablution must be performed in the following order:

Wash your hands and the places of the awrah (places subject to obligatory concealment).
Say out loud the intention to perform a full ablution.
Perform all the actions of a small ablution in order.
Wash the head and every part of the body three times.
Wash your feet.

During the ghusul, it is important not to be distracted and not to talk. Water should wash all parts of the body so that there is no dry place (navel, skin under the hair).

Both wudu and ghusul are obligatory for all Muslims.

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Prayer for ablution of Muslims

How to learn how to perform ablution and prayer correctly.

Tell me how to learn how to perform ablution and prayer correctly.

Peace to you and the mercy of the Almighty!

The procedure for performing a small ablution:

1. First of all, it is necessary to have the intention to perform ablution for the purpose of performing a prayer or simply for the sake of being in a state of ritual purity. At the same time, it is important to have a secret intention in the heart, but pronouncing the intention aloud is still desirable.

2. As in the performance of any other charitable deed, it is advisable for a believer to say “bismil-lyahi rrahmani rrahim” (“in the name of God, whose mercy is boundless and eternal”), thereby asking for God's blessing and help.

3. Wash your hands up to and including your wrists three times, remembering to rinse between your fingers. If there is a ring or ring, they should be removed or, moving slightly, try to wash the skin under them.

4. Rinse your mouth three times, drawing water with your right hand.

5. Rinse your nose three times, drawing water with your right hand and blowing your nose with your left.

6. Wash your face three times.

7. Wash your hands up to and including the elbow three times (first right, then left).

8. Wipe the hair of the head with wet hands (at least 1/4 of the hair).

9. After wash your hands and wipe the inside and outside of the ears; wipe the neck with the front (back) part of the hands.

10. Wash the feet three times up to and including the ankles, remembering to rinse between the toes, starting with the little toe of the right foot and ending with the little toe of the left. Wash the right foot first, then the left.

After or during ablution, a person can dry the washed parts of the body using a towel.

At the end, it is desirable to say the following words:

“Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdehu laya shariykya lyakh, wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuulyuh.

Allahumma-j'alnii minat-tavvaabiin, vej'alnii minel-mutatohhiriin.

Subhaanakyal-laahumma va bihamdik, ashhadu allaya ilyayahe illaya ente, astagfirukya va atuubu ilyayk.

Wa sally, allaahumma ‘alaya sayyidina muhammad wa ‘ala eeli muhammad.”

Translation: “I testify that there is no god but the One Lord, Who has no partners (He does not share His power with anyone). And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger.

O Allah! Count me among the penitent and extremely pure.

I praise You, O Lord, and thank You. I testify that there is no god but You. I ask You for forgiveness and I repent before You.

May God bless Muhammad and his family."

The order of the prayer:

(on the example of two rak'yaats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer)

Niyat (intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

Then the men, raising their hands to the level of the ears so that the thumbs touch the lobes, and the women to the level of the shoulders, say “takbir”: “Allahu akbar” (“The Lord is above all”).

At the same time, it is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After that, the men put their hands on the stomach just below the navel, putting the right hand on the left, wrapping the little finger and thumb of the right hand around the wrist of the left. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing the right hand on the left wrist.

The gaze of each person praying should be directed to the place where he will lower his face during the prostration (as-sajda).

Immediately after this, the dua “as-Sana” (“Praise of the Almighty”) is read to oneself:

“Subhaanakyal-laahumma va bihamdik, va tabaarakyasmuk, va ta‘alaya jadduk, va laya ilyahe gairuk”

“a‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaitooni rrajiim, bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim” (to himself)

“I am moving away from the accursed Satan, approaching the Almighty, and I begin in the name of the Merciful Allah, whose mercy is boundless and eternal.”

Then Surah al-Fatiha is read:

“Al-hamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-‘alamimin.

Iyayakya na'du wa iyayakya nasta'iin.

Syraatol-lyaziyna an'amta ‘alaihim, gairil-magduubi ‘alaihim wa lad-doolliin. Aamiin

After the surah "al-Fatiha" any short surah is read, for example, the surah "al-Asr":

Wal-‘asr. Innal-inseene lyafii Khusr.

Illal-lyaziyne eemenuu wa ‘amilu ssoolikhaati va tavaasav bil-hakki va tavaasav bis-sabr.”

With the words "Allahu Akbar", we bow to the waist, pronouncing the words:

“Subhana Rabbiyal-Azim” (Glory to my Great Lord) - 3 times.

Then you need to straighten up with the words: “Samia-Llahu-estuary hamida” (May Allah hear the one who praised Him) and “Rabbana laka-l-hamdu” (Praise be to You, our Lord).

After that, it is necessary to say "Allahu Akbar" and bow to the earth. Staying in this position, you should say:

“Subhana Rabbiiya-l-Ala” (Glory to my Lord Almighty) 3 times, and then with the words “Allahu Akbar”, straighten up and sit down.

Then, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, make another prostration and say “Subhana Rabbi-l-Ala” at the same time - 3 times.

With the words "Allahu Akbar" we stand on the second rak'yaat.

This completes the first rak'ah. It is necessary to perform all these actions completely, carefully and without haste.

In the second rak'yaat, "as-Sana" and "a'uzu bil-lyakhi minash-shaytoni rrajim" are not read.

We read the surah al-Fatiha, and then a short surah, for example, al-Ihlyas:

“Bismil-lyayahi rrahmaani rrahim.

Kul huva llaahu ahad.

Lam yalid wa lam yulad.

Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad"

Then everything is done in the same way as when performing the first rak'ah.

When we rise from the second prostration of the second rak'yaat, then we sit on the left foot and read "tashahhud".

Putting your hands loosely on your hips, without closing your fingers:

“At-tahiyayatu lil-lyahi was-solawaatu wat-toyibaatu,

As-salayama ‘alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakyatukh,

As-salayama ‘alayanaa wa ‘alaya ‘ibaadil-lyayahi ssoolihiin,

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuuulukh.”

During the pronunciation of the words “la ilyakhe”, the index finger of the right hand should be raised up, and when the words “illa llaahu” - lowered. During the pronunciation of the words “illa llaahu”, the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements (while the gaze of the prayer is drawn to this finger) and lowered.

After reading “tashahhud”, the prayer, without changing his position, says “salavat”:

“Allahumma solli ‘alaya sayidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,

Kama Sollyaita ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraahima wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraahim,

Wa baariq ‘alaya sayyidina muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayyidina muhammad,

Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraahiima wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraahiima fil-‘alamimin, innekya hamidun majiid.

After reading the “salavat”, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du‘a). The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab argue that in this case, only the form of prayer that is mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) can be used as a du‘a. Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scholars is unanimous that the text of the du'a used in prayer should only be in Arabic.

After that, with the words of greeting “as-salayama ‘alaykum va rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon you”), they turn their heads first to the right side, looking at the shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This concludes the two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer.

"Astaghfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa."

2. Raising their hands to chest level, they say (to themselves):

“Allaahumma ente salayam wa minkya salayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘inni ‘ala zikrikya wa shukrikya wa husni ‘ibaadatik.

Then they lower their hands, running their palms over their faces.

You can get answers to these and other questions by coming to our prayer hall.

Types of ablution

Full ablution

Full Body Washing Rules

The rules of Sharia tell about how to properly perform ablution before prayer. According to them, the nose, mouth and whole body should be washed. But, before doing ablution, you need to get rid of everything that can prevent the penetration of water. It can be wax, paraffin, cosmetics, paint, nail polish and more. During washing, it is especially necessary to wash the parts of the body into which water can hardly get. For example, auricles, navel, areas behind the ears, holes from earrings. The skin on the head should also be washed with water along with the hair. Regarding how to perform ablution for women with long braided hair, they explain that if they, being braided, do not prevent the penetration of water, then they can be left as they are. But if water cannot get on the scalp because of them, then the hair needs to be untangled. Another recommendation on how to do ablution for women concerns their female genitals. Their outer part also needs to be washed, preferably while squatting.

mouth rinse

What is forbidden without full ablution other than prayer?

Small ablution

Now let's talk about how to do a small ablution. First, it must be said that this method of washing is called wudu in Arabic. It is also important to note that it does not replace a full ablution - the ghusl.

When is wudu done?

When not to do wudu?

Voodoo procedure

4. Rinse your mouth three times, drawing water with your right hand.

5. Rinse your nose three times, drawing water with your right hand and blowing your nose with your left.

6. Wash your face three times.

7. Wash your hands up to and including the elbow three times (first right, then left).

8. Wipe the hair of the head with wet hands (at least ¼ of the hair).

9. After washing your hands and wipe the inside and outside of the ears; wipe the neck with the front (back) part of the hands.

After or during ablution, a person can dry the washed parts of the body using a towel.

According to the great Muslim theologian Imam al-Nawawi and other scholars, "it is desirable to pronounce these words after a full ablution (ghusl)" .

Regarding other prayers (du'a) recited by some believers during ablution, Imam al-Nawawi noted that "prayers (du'a) read by some during ablution while washing certain parts of the body are not canonically justified and were not mentioned by theologians. early Islamic period". In addition, according to the opinion of the theologian Ibn al-Salah, “about the necessity or desirability of this [i.e. reciting du‘a prayers while washing individual parts of the body] there is not a single reliable hadith.

From all of the above, it follows that ablution is desirable and canonically justified, begun with the name of the Creator (from the words “bismil-lyahi rrahmani rrahim”) and completed by the above prayer.

Water for ablution

Ablution can be done with any clean water: fresh, carbonated, mineralized and even salty sea water. The permission of the latter is stated in one of the reliable statements of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): “Sea water is clean and cleansing for you [that is, it is fully suitable for performing small (wudu') and full (ghusl) ablutions] , and the dead in the sea [that is, everything that lives in the sea and died in it] is suitable for eating.

In addition, snow can be used for ablution, provided that it melts from body heat and the surface to be wiped becomes wet (moist).

Water descending from heaven and flowing from the earth, in all forms, is permitted for use in performing a small ablution (wudu') and a full ablution (ghusl).

The Holy Quran says:

“We [“We” indicates the greatness of the Creator, but not His plurality] sent down from heaven clean, cleansing water” (see Holy Quran, 25:48).

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) emphasized: “Verily, deeds are [estimated] according to intentions” (hadith from ‘Umar; St. H. al-Bukhari and Muslim). The opinion of theologians is unanimous in that in order to receive a reward (savab) before the Almighty for performing a right and good deed, the presence of intention is necessary. The intention from the canonical point of view is the intention of the heart (soul) to do something without fail. See: Mu'jamu lugati al-fuqaha' [Glossary of Theological Terms]. Beirut: an-Nafais, 1988, p. 490.

Varnishes, paints, glue left on the hands prevent the penetration of water to the skin and nails, so you should carefully consider the process of removing these substances. However, if, by the nature of his professional activity, a person constantly gets dirty with paints or varnishes, then superficial cleansing is enough for him. He falls under the position of “umumul-balva”, he is canonically forgiven (“ma’fuvvun ‘ankh”) that which is difficult to wash off. Naturalness is important, and complications and doubts are from Satan.

The nails of a woman covered with varnish are in no way connected with the performance of prayers and do not affect their usefulness. But as for the full ablution (or small), they will be invalid if performed with painted nails, since water does not pass to the nails due to varnish, therefore, those parts of the body that should be washed during these ritual hygiene procedures are not washed. washed. Regarding the complete ablution, there is one nuance: if, after performing it, a woman remembered that she accidentally forgot to remove the varnish, then she does not need to repeat it again, but it will be enough just to rinse her nails, having previously cleaned them.

It is most practical if a woman uses varnish during her period, when she does not pray.

“The Prophet liked to start from the right in many matters: in the use of water when washing, when combing and putting on shoes” (hadith from ‘Aisha; sv. h. al-Bukhari and Muslim). See: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad as-salihin. P. 300, Hadith No. 720. It is possible that in rituals in which the right side precedes the left, the universal idea is reflected that the right side symbolizes goodness (cf. Russian "truth", "rightness", "righteousness"; English " right" - "right", "correct", "fair"; German "richtig" - "right" from "recht" - "right", etc.).

1/4 part is a mandatory minimum (fard) for Hanafi theologians. Shafi'i theologians say that even a slight movement of a wet hand through the hair is enough. If desired, you can wipe the entire scalp, which is sunnah.

For a woman, there is no need to remove earrings from her ears.

Those scholars who spoke about wiping the neck, classified it as possible (adab). B O The majority of theologians believed that wiping the neck had no canonical justification.

In case of extreme shortage of water or time, you can limit yourself to points No. 1, 6-8, 10 without repeating three times. To these five points, the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab add the sixth - the sequence in the fulfillment of the five mentioned.

If a cast or waterproof bandage is applied to the part of the body that must be washed when performing ablution, then the person wipes over it with a wet hand. In this case, this counts as an actual washing with water.

See: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh [Islamic law and its arguments]. In 8 volumes. Damascus: al-Fikr, 1990. T. 1. S. 255.

Hadith from ‘Umar; St. X. Muslim, Abu Dawud, Ibn Maja and at-Tirmidhi.

Yahya ibn Sharaf an-Nawawi (1233-1277) - an outstanding imam, muhaddis. His most famous works are "Riyad as-Salihin", "Arba'une an-Nawawiya", "Minhaj at-Talibin".

See, for example: As-San'ani M. Subul as-salam [Ways of Peace]. In 4 volumes. Cairo: al-Hadith, 1994. T. 1. S. 80.

See: As-San'ani M. Subul as-salaam. T. 1. S. 80.

Abu ‘Amru Taqiyuddin ‘Usman ibn Salah (?–1245) is a Shafi’i faqih, a well-known muhaddis and commentator (mufassir) of the Holy Quran. He taught in Damascus, where he died. Among his works are Al-fatawa, Al-amali, Ma‘rifatu anwa‘i ‘ilm al-hadith, Sharh al-wasyt.

See: As-San'ani M. Subul as-salaam. T. 1. S. 80; al-Khatib ash-Shirbini Sh. Mugni al-mukhtaj. T. 1. S. 126, 127.

For more information about what seafood can be eaten, see: Alyautdinov Sh. Answers to your questions about Islam. M., 2003. S. 54, 55.

This hadeeth was narrated by seven Companions of the Prophet. See, for example: Al-Amir ‘Alyaud-din al-Farisi. Al-ihsan fi taqrib sahih ibn habban [A noble deed in approaching (to the readers) the set of hadiths of Ibn Habban]: In 18 v. Beirut: ar-Risala, 1991. Vol. , and also S. 51, hadith No. 1244, "hasan".

This refers to exceptional situations when a person living in northern latitudes, due to circumstances, cannot use warm tap water.

See, for example: ‘Alyaud-din ibn al-‘Attor. Fatawa al-Imam an-Nawawi [Fatwas of Imam an-Nawawi]. Beirut: al-Bashair al-Islamiya, 1990, p. 26.

See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 1. S. 265.