The first signs of pregnancy that appear after conception

Not reliable, but quite interesting to collect a small statistics of the most likely and fantastic signs that the body of the future mother gives about the upcoming motherhood. To write this article, we, among other things, looked at several topics on the forums of expectant mothers. So, what do women feel in the first two weeks, what are the very first signs of pregnancy after conception?

Stomach ache

This is a standard occurrence. Women can also feel such pains before the onset of menstruation, so, at first, the discomfort does not mean anything. But if the pain remains, and there is still no bleeding, then you should consult a gynecologist. Sometimes such pains signal a threatening miscarriage. These spasms are in no way connected with the growth of the uterus, as many believe. At 5 weeks pregnant, the uterus is only the size of a hen's egg, and no "ligaments" have been stretched yet either. In general, these first signs of pregnancy after conception should not be a concern if there is no spotting.

Problems with the digestive system

Here we include the following:

• flatulence;
• nausea and vomiting (toxicosis);
• change in taste preferences in food;
• a sharp reaction to certain odors.

But just keep in mind that the above symptoms are the first signs of pregnancy after conception only if at least a week has passed since its moment. The previously fertilized egg is still in the fallopian tube, and the woman's hormonal background remains unchanged. Dramatic changes can be noticed only after the introduction of the egg fertilized by the spermatozoon into the wall of the uterus.

Difficult psychological state

First of all, it consists in frequent mood swings. Of course, women in general are not permanent creatures, but expectant mothers, for the most part, become even more capricious. You don't have to judge them for it. Hormonal levels play a role here. A woman's body signals what it lacks, so future fathers sometimes have to run to the store at night. And self-pity is caused by the instinct of self-preservation of oneself and the child. Changes in mood can begin simultaneously with the appearance of the main first signs of pregnancy after conception. It has been noticed that primiparas always experience more, the reason for this is inexperience or internal unpreparedness to become a mother.

Enlargement and soreness of the mammary glands

Probably 90% of women have these first signs of pregnancy after conception. For some, they are more pronounced, and someone does not pay attention to them because of the existing mastopathy (which these sensations are similar to). Some women with zero or first breast size notice that just a couple of weeks after conception, their breasts began to take on more seductive, rounded shapes. This is due to the preparation of the breast for the subsequent feeding of the child.

In some cases, women even notice discharge from the nipples - this is colostrum. A liquid that replaces breast milk for a baby in the first days of his life. But more often this symptom appears in the second half of pregnancy.

Frequent urination

If we talk about this first sign of pregnancy after conception, then its main cause is an increase in the blood level of the hormone progesterone, which somewhat relaxes the sphincter of the bladder. I want to go to the toilet more often. And with an increase in the gestational age, this symptom, as a rule, becomes more and more pronounced. From the second half of pregnancy, a heavy uterus begins to put pressure on the bladder, which again speeds up urination. Probably, there is no such future mother who would not get up at night to go to the toilet.

It is very important not to miss the onset of cystitis, an inflammation of the bladder that happens to many expectant mothers. In principle, if a woman is registered with a gynecologist, she regularly takes urine tests, and according to their results, a relapse of cystitis can be determined. Its main symptoms are very frequent and painful urination, pain in the lower abdomen. In more severe cases, the body temperature rises, and there is severe weakness.

Increase in rectal and body temperature

With regard to basal temperature, this is one of the main evidence of an interesting situation, but only after the onset of a delay in menstruation. We can say that the first signs of pregnancy after conception, but not too reliable for the time being. The fact is that an increase in basal temperature in the second half of the cycle is an ordinary phenomenon and only indicates that ovulation has occurred and that a woman in this cycle is capable of conception, respectively. The thermometer begins to show a little more than 37 degrees due to the fact that the body after ovulation begins to intensively produce progesterone, which provokes an elevated temperature. If the conception took place, and the values ​​​​on the thermometer are shown below 37 degrees, then the doctor may suspect a lack of progesterone, and this is one of the common causes of spontaneous miscarriages.

Remember that temperature values ​​​​are greatly affected by the intake of various medications, alcohol intake, sexual intercourse a few hours before morning, various diseases, etc.

By the way, the first signs of pregnancy after conception are to raise not only the basal, but also the overall body temperature. Often this is perceived as the onset of a cold, but no other symptoms of a possible disease appear.

Chorionic gonadotropin in the blood and urine of a woman

Chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that begins to be produced by the chorion - the future placenta. There are three simple ways to determine the presence of this hormone: do a home pregnancy test, donate blood for analysis, and take urine for analysis. The latter method was very popular for many years, until convenient test strips appeared. Now you do not need to carry urine for analysis. A pregnancy test with high sensitivity (look at the packaging, it should say no more than 20) can show an accurate result 2-3 days before the onset of the delay. While conventional, not too sensitive test strips are recommended to be used only after the start of the delay.

A blood test can be done even earlier, literally from the 10th day after conception, about a week before the start of the delay. And if ovulation occurred in the middle of the cycle, then at this time everything will be clear. The results of a blood test for hCG are the most reliable, the only accurate first signs of pregnancy after conception before the start of a missed period.

Mystical sign - dreams

Many mothers know that the very first symptom of an emerging life has nothing to do with medicine and health. These are our dreams. Most women claim that they saw in that menstrual cycle, when the egg was fertilized, in a dream a fish ... Yes, an ordinary, live fish swimming in a pond or hanging on a fishing hook. Believe it or not - it's up to you.

Why do you need to know the first signs of pregnancy after conception?

We have considered the main probable and relatively reliable symptoms. But does it make sense to hurry with the diagnosis, especially since mistakes are not rare at very early dates? Yes, there is some sense in this. As you know, it is very dangerous to take certain medicines in the early stages, which means you need to ask the doctor to adjust the treatment if it is being carried out. Expectant mothers should not take x-rays in the early stages, it is undesirable to catch a cold, and even more so, the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections must be completely eliminated. There are diseases that are asymptomatic and during the planning period it is desirable to undergo a full examination of both partners.

For this, you need to know the first signs of pregnancy after conception, and in order not to worry - the child must be planned, not accidental.

Have a healthy and happy pregnancy!

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Signs of conception

Regardless of whether the pregnancy is long-awaited or accidental, the body of the expectant mother will not be slow to inform the lucky woman about her interesting situation with the help of characteristic symptoms. Contrary to popular belief that there can be no talk of any signs of conception before a delay in menstruation, many mothers who have already taken place claim that they knew about their pregnancy almost the next day after intercourse. Is this so, and what are the first signs after conception, let's try to figure it out.

Signs of pregnancy immediately after conception

Gynecologists believe that the first week, or even the first 10 days after conception, it is not worth waiting for any signs of pregnancy. Since the body is just beginning the process of restructuring and a violent reaction to such changes should begin a little later. However, the statistics say otherwise.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the most reliable signs that conception occurred already in the first week after the event.

womanadvice.ru

A girl is riding on a bus, her grandmother comes up to her:

Girl, make way for an old grandmother.

I can't, I'm pregnant.

So you can't see.

Do you want to be visible in 2 hours?

An anecdote is an anecdote, and there are many girls who are looking for pregnancy symptoms in the early days. To figure out when you really need to look for them, you need to understand how the pregnancy goes from the first day and why the symptoms occur.

What are the first days of pregnancy

So, a small nimble sperm entered the uterus, ran into the tube and found an egg there. They merged in love ecstasy and turned into a microscopic embryo. All this took a little time, just a day. And what has changed in the body of the expectant mother on the first day of pregnancy after conception? Almost nothing, since all the symptoms of pregnancy in the early days are associated with hormones, and these substances are very tricky, they prepare a woman to become a mother every month.

In the second half of each cycle, progesterone begins to be produced, it is he who is responsible for the symptoms of pregnancy in the first days. But the fact is that without pregnancy, some symptoms also appear - this is breast enlargement, and an increase in basal temperature (for the heroic ladies who follow it). And progesterone also stimulates the reproduction of epithelial cells inside the uterus, so that the little embryo has something to eat in the first days of pregnancy, until the placenta is formed.

So the first day of pregnancy after conception for the mother is no different from the usual day after ovulation. The most interesting begins in a week. It is on the seventh day that the love fruit of the egg and sperm ends its difficult journey from the fallopian tube to the uterus itself. There, he quickly hides in a thick epithelium, carefully prepared for him by progesterone, and only then does his mother's body begin to produce another interesting hormone - chorionic gonadotropin. It prevents the corpus luteum, which is responsible for the synthesis of progesterone, from retiring or simply disappearing, as happens during a normal cycle. The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone, the hormone accumulates and causes specific symptoms of pregnancy in the early days.

Chorionic gonadotropin can be found in the urine using a small white strip called a pregnancy test. Just do not look for the hormone on the first day of pregnancy, as it is not there yet. It is best to do a check after a delay in menstruation, and if it is very unbearable, then 2-3 days before their possible start. Chorionic gonadotropin makes itself felt by a large red line on the strip, it is located above the same red line, without which the test is not considered valid. So the pregnancy test will not show from the first day, you have to wait two weeks.

The first days of pregnancy, what does a woman feel

In fact, it is impossible to feel pregnancy on the first day and the reasons were outlined above. Although sometimes this happens, especially with women who are looking forward to pregnancy or are terribly afraid of it. The reason due to which pregnancy is supposedly recognized from the first day is exclusively psychological, but from the first week it is already physiological. Implantation on the seventh day may make itself felt with a slight pink discharge. Such a surprise may surprise a woman, saying that menstruation began early. Such symptoms of pregnancy in the early days should not be frightening, they are normal and do not threaten a breakdown. It's just that the embryo settles too violently in the uterus and damages the epithelium a little, causing a little bleeding. Allocations declassify pregnancy on the first day of the stay of the embryo in its habitat for the next nine months.

What does progesterone do with the body of the expectant mother in the first days of pregnancy? He thinks, first of all, about the child and rebuilds all the functions of the woman's body for him. The functions of the body do not really like this, they are rather conservative and do not always want to work in a new mode. Mom feels disputes between functions and progesterone, if not on the first day of pregnancy, then on the seventh or eighth for sure.

The symptoms of pregnancy in the first days appear in the morning and end in the toilet with a standard movie scene. From that moment, nausea during pregnancy and occasional vomiting can accompany a woman for up to three months. While not everyone begins their mommy journey this way, some women are lucky, depending on how the relationship between progesterone and function develops on the first day of pregnancy.

Another symptom that accompanies pregnancy from the first day (almost) may be very pleasant to your husband - the chest becomes large and beautiful. But this will not help in love games, because she also starts to get sick, and much more than on the eve of menstruation. Yes, and the first days of pregnancy do not have love games, because you constantly want to sleep. The pressure can also drop and the headache will no longer be an excuse, but will become an objective reality.

Don't be surprised if on your first day of pregnancy you feel like throwing away all your perfume, shower gels, hand soap and dirty men's socks. And also clean the refrigerator, leaving only pickles there. After all, pregnancy from the first day can completely change your taste and addiction to smells.

In the first days of pregnancy, you will suddenly begin to find out where the toilet is in your partners' office, in the supermarket or in your favorite cafe, and also learn how to find your way to the toilet at home in the dark. This is normal, because frequent urination is also the antics of progesterone. He wants the baby to get as much food as possible and therefore drives the blood to the uterus, and at the same time to the kidneys. The kidneys begin to work very, very well and do not give you rest day or night. The main thing is not to confuse the symptoms of pregnancy in the early days and cystitis. With cystitis, you not only often run to the toilet, but also bounce there in pain, sometimes the temperature also rises.

And now information for the heroic women who measure basal temperature. This procedure is really difficult, you need every morning, before you get out of bed, in the anus, with a thermometer to determine the temperature. Then write it down in a notebook, and not once, but for several months in a row. The temperature in the first days of pregnancy rises, then drops during implantation, and then rises again. In a normal menstrual cycle, the decline continues until the next ovulation, which occurs only a month later.

love-mother.ru

Signs of pregnancy in the first week

Signs of pregnancy that appear in the first week after conception

Signs of pregnancy in the first week after conception are not at all significant, but despite this, this search query is very popular on the network. And this is confirmed by reading thematic discussions on the forums of those planning pregnancy and expectant mothers. There you can learn a lot of interesting things, hear about such signs of pregnancy in the first week after conception, which, probably, not all doctors are aware of. But first things first.

It is necessary to immediately understand that pregnancy after the fertilization of a female egg by a spermatozoon occurs only after 7-10 days. Or it may not come at all if, for some reason (for example, hormonal), the egg dies on the way to the uterus, or the endometrium in this organ is not ready, too thin to accept the future fetal egg. The ovum makes its journey in about a week. And during this period of time, no changes occur in the woman's body that could provoke signs of pregnancy in the first week after conception. So, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, insomnia and depression are most likely from the tedious waiting for the resolution of the situation and the fear of the next menstruation.

But after successful implantation, you can already begin to carefully monitor your health. Approximately a week before the expected date of the onset of menstruation, hormonal changes begin to occur in the body, which affect the well-being and some external data of the expectant mother.

Hormonal changes

Let's start with hormones. After the implantation of the egg in the uterus, a special hormone begins to be produced in the mother's body, without which the bearing of the child would be impossible. And this hormone is called chorionic gonadotropin or hCG for short. Its main purpose in the first trimester is to maintain the viability of the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone, with a shortage of which there is a threat of termination of pregnancy. In addition, in the English-language medical literature, one can also find such a version - hCG protects the fetus in the early stages of development from the immune cells of its own mother. This applies to those situations when the maternal immune system rejects the fetus - in fact, the body is half alien to her. If hCG is normal, then this should not happen.

The detected chorionic gonadotropin is a sign of pregnancy in the first week after conception, more precisely after the first 7-10 days. You can determine this hormone by passing blood or urine tests - this is usually paid if without a doctor's referral or just buy a test to perform at home. The latter option may not work if the test is of low sensitivity. One line before the delay is not at all an indicator of the next "fruitless" cycle, so it's too early to get upset. And sometimes it happens that a very pale paired strip appears on the test, but when you see it, you can say that signs of pregnancy have already appeared in the first week after implantation. The growth of human chorionic gonadotropin occurs exponentially, look at these minimum and maximum possible values:

• 1 week - 5-50 (IU/l)
• 2 weeks - 40-1000 2 weeks 40-1000
• 3 weeks - 100-4000 3 weeks 100-4000

It is very important to monitor the growth dynamics for those ladies who have had unsuccessful pregnancies in the past, and especially those with localization outside the uterus. Often, signs of pregnancy in the first week, consisting in a too low level of the described hormone, may indicate a recurrence of the pathology. Gynecologists closely monitor such pregnancies.

On examination by a gynecologist

Literature is replete with calls for women to visit gynecologists as often as possible and, at the slightest suspicion of pregnancy, immediately go for a consultation. There are ladies who take these calls literally - they make an appointment when they notice signs of pregnancy in the first week. But what can the doctor advise and diagnose in this case, even if the fetus is not yet visible even with an ultrasound examination? The uterus can really be quite a bit enlarged, but this is also observed before the onset of menstruation ...

The maximum that you will receive is a pile of referrals for tests, standard for all those planning a pregnancy.

For women who do not have gynecological problems, we would advise you to spend this period in pleasant expectations. You can read interesting, positive literature for moms, find out where the next good courses for expectant mothers are, and not look for signs of pregnancy hourly in the first week after conception. In the end, not in this cycle, but in the next, everything will definitely work out. Do not forget that the woman's body does not work like a clock. You can not get with sexual intercourse on the day of ovulation and conception will not occur. In addition, ovulation in the fair sex does not happen every month.

You need to go to the doctor after the test shows a positive result, if there are any ailments, well, or if the delay is more than 2 weeks.

Personal Feelings

The most expected sign of pregnancy in the first week after conception is toxicosis. But as we wrote at the beginning of this article, there can be no toxicosis at such an early stage in principle. You need to wait at least a couple of weeks after ovulation. Although, it must be borne in mind that these standard reactions do not happen to all expectant mothers. Nausea, and even more so vomiting, may not be at all. Some girls have signs of pregnancy in the first week after conception - this is fatigue for no particular reason, slight dizziness (due to changes in blood pressure and the beginning of hormonal changes in the body).

The apogee of discomfort usually falls on 4-10 weeks, and after that it gradually fades to nothing. By the second trimester, a woman feels great.

Where does this phenomenon come from and what can be said about those women who have it and who do not? There is an assumption that in this way the body tries to protect the fetus from any negative influences. It's no secret that not all the food we eat is healthy and safe, and not all of it contains substances that are beneficial to the body. The mother's body may react with nausea to potentially dangerous and unnecessary foods. On the other hand, frequent vomiting is much more dangerous than the food that did not enter the stomach, thanks to this cunning self-defense system.

Improving your physical condition, most often, is not a problem. It is enough just to exclude from your diet foods that cause nausea, and the signs of pregnancy in the first week and subsequent ones will quietly disappear ...

Another interesting fact is that everyone knows that during pregnancy the breast begins to prepare for the upcoming lactation, but not everyone knows that this happens from the very first weeks. That is why there are unpleasant sensations in the chest, sometimes yellowish and whitish discharge from the nipples appears - first with gentle pressure, and then involuntarily. It stands out colostrum - "pre-milk".

As for insomnia, it usually occurs due to nervous strain. You can restore your nerves with the help of folk remedies. The best, safest and most effective is valerian tincture or tablets.

Be healthy and don't look too hard at your place signs of pregnancy in the first week after conception so that later there will be no disappointments ...

www.missfit.ru

• 10 How to determine the term of conception?

Our great-grandmothers tried to find out if conception occurred long before the delay of menstruation, listening to their bodies or trusting folk signs. Ultra-precise medical diagnosis of pregnancy arose closer to the beginning of 1960, when, based on the experimental findings of a German scientist, Dr. Zondek, the first test was created to determine the amount of hCG in a woman's urine. Therefore, until 1960, in gynecological offices, women were told about what the first signs of pregnancy could be after conception, warning that in some cases the alleged symptoms indicate diseases of the reproductive system.

Pain in the lower abdomen as a sign of pregnancy

Many women experience discomfort in the lower abdomen immediately after conception. These sensations can somehow resemble the pain observed before the onset of the next menstruation. Usually, the spasms described by the vast majority of pregnant women when they remember the beginning of their pregnancy are not associated with the growth of the uterus. This is a natural reaction of the body to the successful completion of conception. However, if the pain lasts more than 2 weeks, and menstruation does not occur, the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy is high. In this case, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist who will make a transvaginal ultrasound to exclude the threat of spontaneous abortion or the abnormal position of the fetal egg.

Digestive dysfunction and pregnancy

Most often, the first signs of pregnancy after conception are associated with the digestive system of a woman. They should be taken seriously if conception occurred no earlier than a week ago before the onset of the following symptoms:

• flatulence, accompanied by heaviness in the stomach;
• heartburn;
• aversion to certain foods and smells;
• the desire to change your diet or add dishes with unexpected flavor combinations to it.

You can feel when conception has occurred only when the egg fertilized by the spermatozoon is embedded in the wall of the uterus. Until this moment, the hormonal background of a woman remains the same, so it is not possible to find out the exact date of pregnancy based on observations of the work of the digestive system.

The psychological aspect of pregnancy

Women actively planning pregnancy, specifically calculate favorable days for conception and therefore are in a tense psychological state. They try to explain the frequent changes in their mood by the onset of a long-awaited pregnancy. There is some truth in this: pregnant women are indeed in a difficult psychological state. Due to changes in the level of hormonal levels, you can feel that fertilization has taken place. The woman becomes very emotional. She feels sorry for herself, the cause of which may be a panic fear for her child or the irreversibility of future births (this condition is due to the fact that the pregnant woman is afraid of the birth process itself).

Soreness of the mammary glands: mastopathy or pregnancy?

The sure signs of pregnancy after conception are associated with changes in the mammary glands. About 90% of women in labor felt discomfort in the chest immediately after a possible conception. The mammary glands increase long before the first day of delayed menstruation (approximately 1.5 - 2 weeks). The chest becomes rounded. You can see how the areolas and nipples become wider, acquiring a rich brown hue. Thus, the breast begins to prepare for the future feeding of the baby.

Cystitis as a signal of pregnancy

The smallest period of pregnancy is very often accompanied by cystitis. The cause of inflammation of the bladder can be associated not only with changes that have occurred in the uterus (which at first resembles a chicken egg), but also with the restructuring of the whole organism. The woman's immune system is weakened. Therefore, until the very day of delivery, she may experience problems with urination, the cause of which may be infections. However, now cystitis is treated with safe antibiotics, which can be used even when the period is less than 7 weeks.

Increase in basal body temperature

Women who want to know when favorable days for conception come regularly measure their basal body temperature. This method is practiced by those for whom the date of birth is especially important. After all, some mothers tend to give birth to a child by a certain significant date: New Year, wedding anniversary or other important event. It is believed that a sharp increase in temperature indicates ovulation. If the temperature rises in the following days after ovulation, then conception has occurred. But if the conception took place, and the temperature does not rise, a woman can be diagnosed with a lack of progesterone, which often causes miscarriages.

Cold as a possible symptom of pregnancy

In the first days after conception, you can feel weakness, general malaise, fever. This condition is often accompanied by all the symptoms of acute respiratory infections: runny nose, cough, sore throat. This is how the body reacts to the changes that have occurred to it. Therefore, some women talk about the possible date of birth, counting the day of conception from the day of the cold, if the period coincides with the subsequent delay in menstruation. This condition is justified in the case when you can remember the approximate date of the onset of a cold.

Diagnosis by detecting hCG in the blood and urine of a woman

Long before childbirth, a woman's body produces a hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone is produced in a matter of days after conception by the future placenta. This means that you can find out about the approximate date of pregnancy long before the first days of delayed menstruation pass. It is enough to determine the presence of hCG in the body (this can be done in three ways: buy a pregnancy test, do a special blood or urine test). The most reliable result can be obtained if the period from the beginning of fertilization is 10 days. Some women, counting favorable days, do an hCG test immediately when their basal temperature rises, but such results can be questioned because the concentration of the hormone at first does not exceed the allowable level in the body of non-pregnant women.

Why you need to know about the first signs of pregnancy?

Not all women calculate the days of ovulation, because they use contraceptives or do not have a permanent sexual partner. Therefore, for them, the days of delaying the next menstruation come as a surprise. Not all pregnancy tests can show a reliable result. There were times when a woman found out that she had an impressive gestational age shortly before ... childbirth. Of course, it is difficult not to notice the movement of a child in the womb, but, as history shows, it is possible. This means that you need to know about the first symptoms of a possible pregnancy in order to help the doctor determine what is the preliminary date of birth. This is especially important for those women who have an irregular menstrual cycle and, therefore, the days of ovulation in each month may change.

How to determine the term of conception?

The possible term of conception is considered to be from the first day of the last menstruation. In the same way, the possible date of delivery is determined in order to prevent cases of over-term pregnancy or to determine the degree of prematurity in case of premature birth. The date of conception is calculated in two ways:

1. 40 weeks or 280 days are added to the date of the first day of the last menstruation (having previously calculated the period for ovulation - 2 weeks).
2. 3 months are counted from the first day of the last menstruation and a week is added to the received date.

By determining the term of conception, a woman will be able to protect herself and her baby. After all, many medicines, cosmetic procedures, methods of functional diagnostics are unacceptable in the period from the beginning of pregnancy to the birth itself. In addition, every woman must know her gestational age in order to have time to decide what she will do next. If the expectant mother works in a hazardous industry, she will have to quit so as not to endanger the life of her baby. In addition, she will be able to understand the cause of her malaise and cardinal changes in mood, which will make life easier not only for her, but also for the people around her.

Additional material

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Signs of pregnancy in the first days after conception

The medical literature states that the very first signs of pregnancy appear after a missed period. Until this time, there are no symptoms or they appear very weakly, so it is possible to know for sure whether pregnancy has occurred only 7-10 days after conception. Only after a week the woman's body begins to respond to changes. If your plans do not include becoming a mother, then a quick pregnancy determination will allow you to have an early abortion, which is considered safer for the female body and usually passes without consequences.

It is possible to determine pregnancy even before the delay of menstruation by indirect signs that appear after the fertilized egg has passed its way through the fallopian tube and is fixed on the wall of the uterus.

Do not forget that this does not happen in the first days, but only after a week. Therefore, all changes in the state of the body on the first or second day after intercourse can be attributed to other reasons that have nothing to do with conception.

The earliest signs of pregnancy:

1. Pain in the abdomen. Such discomfort can be caused by many factors, but sometimes they indicate a successful conception. If there is no bleeding, then non-systematic abdominal pain can be ignored. Otherwise, you should immediately contact a gynecologist.

2. Problems with the stomach. Usually, women begin to realize that they are pregnant when they experience nausea, vomiting, flatulence, a strong reaction to smells, and other digestive problems. But only by these signs it is impossible to know whether pregnancy has occurred, since digestive tract disorders can be caused by other causes, for example, an infectious disease or poisoning.

3. Enlargement of the mammary glands. Usually these signs appear in the second trimester of pregnancy, but in some women they can appear much earlier - 7-11 days after conception. But an increase in the mammary glands can also be associated with breast pathologies, so it is recommended to do an ultrasound scan and visit a gynecologist.

4. Increased urination. In early pregnancy, a woman's body increases the concentration of the hormone progesterone, which relaxes the sphincter of the bladder, leading to more frequent urination. But it is not possible to find out about the onset of pregnancy, relying only on this symptom, since cystitis is another possible cause of frequent urination.

5. Sudden mood changes. Some women may suddenly develop depression or stress. If premenstrual syndrome has not been observed before, then changes in mood can be one of the early signs of pregnancy.

All these symptoms must be considered in combination, it is almost impossible to learn about early pregnancy using only one of them. It is necessary that at least 2-3 signs are confirmed.

It is possible to say for sure whether pregnancy has occurred or not by a blood test for hCG, it is done even before the delay in menstruation, starting from the tenth day after the probable conception. Chorionic gonadotropin in a woman's blood is the only true early sign of pregnancy that can be seen in the early stages.

To prevent an unwanted pregnancy, a woman is advised to use emergency contraception, which prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg. Such drugs are taken only in case of unprotected intercourse, there are other methods for permanent contraception.

The first signs of pregnancy - at what time, symptoms

At what time do signs of pregnancy begin to appear? And how to determine if fertilization has occurred? The answers to these questions are of particular interest to women who have decided or really dream of having a baby.

At what time do the first signs of pregnancy appear?

Usually, the first symptoms of pregnancy appear 10 days after conception, because already 7 days after fertilization, serious hormonal changes occur in the female body, and you can feel them yourself. Therefore, knowing the exact date of ovulation and paying special attention to her well-being, a woman will be able to notice signs of the onset of pregnancy. This may be excessive emotionality - tearfulness, capriciousness, increased irritability, etc.

Regardless of the gestational age, in each case, expectant mothers have individual feelings, but there are also general ones that most women experience. Not the last role here is played by the characteristics of the body, the state of health and even the desire to get pregnant (in fact, as well as the lack of it). Therefore, it is difficult to unequivocally answer at what time the signs of pregnancy will appear exactly.

10 signs of early pregnancy

As mentioned above, the body of the future mother begins to respond to pregnancy as soon as conception has occurred, or rather, as soon as the fertilized egg has attached to the wall of the uterus. Therefore, certain signs may appear already in the early stages - they most likely make it possible to assert the onset of pregnancy. However, it is worth noting that many women do not feel any changes at all, but those who really want to get pregnant are able to find signs of pregnancy in themselves, even if there really is none.

So, 10 signs of pregnancy at an early stage, which even before the delay will help determine that you will soon become a mother. It is important to understand that the appearance of one or two of them is not a reason to run to the doctor. You need to assess your condition in the aggregate, according to several criteria.

1. Spotting. Approximately 6-12 days after ovulation, bloody, pinkish or brown discharge from the vagina may appear, accompanied by slight pulling pains in the lower abdomen. They feel very much like the onset of menstruation, but, nevertheless, the woman is visited by the thought that menstruation does not begin as usual. This so-called implantation bleeding, caused by the attachment of the fetal egg to the wall of the uterus, is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy;

2. Increase in basal temperature. Among the 10 signs of pregnancy, this is one of the most reliable. Women leading a temperature chart are well aware that basal temperature rises at the time of ovulation. And if fertilization does not occur, it decreases again. However, when pregnancy occurs, it remains at 37 ° C (sometimes a little higher);

3. Feeling of general malaise, accompanied by fever. Such a change entails a change in the hormonal background. Not knowing about the onset of pregnancy, the woman thinks that she just caught a cold or got sick;

4. Feeling of heaviness in the pelvic region. During pregnancy, blood flow to the pelvic organs increases, so women can “feel” their uterus literally from the first days of implantation of the fetal egg;

5. Increasing the sensitivity of the breast or swelling of the mammary glands. This sign of pregnancy appears one to two weeks after conception. The chest becomes so sensitive that sometimes it is simply impossible to touch it. However, some women, on the contrary, are surprised that for some reason the chest does not hurt before menstruation, as usual;

6. Nausea, vomiting, aversion to smells. Early toxicosis is one of the first signs of the onset of pregnancy. This condition can also be accompanied by a decrease in appetite, salivation, a change in taste preferences;

7. Frequent urination. Frequent urges are due to hormonal changes that accompany pregnancy. As blood flow to the pelvic organs increases, congestion of the blood vessels causes temporary changes in the functioning of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters;

8. Slight pressure drop. This sign of pregnancy is considered universal. In women whose pressure before pregnancy did not exceed the norm, it can lead to headaches, dizziness, weakness, fainting;

9. Bloating, indigestion, gases. During pregnancy, as a result of hormonal changes, blood filling of the vessels of the abdominal cavity increases, intestinal peristalsis slows down, and the rate of movement of its contents decreases. As a result of this, bloating occurs, constipation appears;

10. Profuse vaginal discharge, thrush. An increase in vaginal secretion is a protective reaction of the body that occurs during pregnancy. So it prevents the penetration of pathogenic microbes, but at the same time creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of yeast fungi, which leads to thrush.

The first signs of pregnancy after a delay

Of course, the first clear sign of pregnancy is the cessation of menstruation. It is this fact that prompts a woman to buy a pregnancy test. However, monthly bleeding may be absent for various reasons, including due to menstrual irregularities, stress, climate change, any disease, and even due to banal overwork. Therefore, a delay is not always an early symptom of pregnancy. But if it is accompanied by some other signs, it is possible to assert almost one hundred percent about the onset of pregnancy.

The first signs of pregnancy after a delay include:

• Breast augmentation. Sometimes this symptom is accompanied by the discharge of colostrum from the nipples. This is explained, again, by hormonal changes in the female body, which begins to actively prepare for the upcoming birth and lactation;
• The presence of hCG (chorionic gonadotropin) in the urine and blood. All pregnancy tests are based on determining the level of this particular hormone in the urine, and a clinical blood test can confirm it. More reliable, of course, is considered a blood test. You can do it as early as 10 days after the estimated date of conception. By the way, it is not necessary to wait for a delay in menstruation;
• Enlargement of the uterus. True, only a gynecologist can determine this during an examination carried out no earlier than 2-3 weeks after the onset of the delay. However, it is this symptom that is the reason for the diagnosis of "pregnancy in question" and the appointment of an ultrasound examination;
• Detection of the fetal egg on ultrasound. Even in the complete absence of any signs of the onset of pregnancy, this method allows you to make sure that the woman is in position. Only here to do an ultrasound to get more accurate results, it is recommended at least 6 weeks after the delay in menstruation.

In any case, your assumptions must be confirmed either by a test or by the results of an examination by a gynecologist. Then you can safely say that soon you will become a mother! Smile and tune in to positive emotions!

Text: Oksana Klenova

lady7.net

Pregnancy is a special time for a woman. Many representatives of the weaker sex passionately want to have children and are waiting for the first symptoms to appear, indicating the presence of life inside them. Many begin to think about pregnancy only after a delay in menstruation, but there are facts that testify to it a little earlier.

When do the first symptoms of pregnancy appear and how to recognize them?

On what day can you notice pregnancy?

It is impossible to say the exact time, because the body of each woman is unique and sometimes can live “its own life”. The health factor should also not be ruled out. Depending on the individual indicators, the symptoms of pregnancy can become noticeable for a woman already within 8-10 days after the fertilization of the egg.

There were times when a woman quickly realized that she was pregnant. This happened already 2-3 days after ovulation. Such cases arise due to the clear operation of the self-hypnosis mechanism. This is especially true for girls who have a strong desire to become a mother. Knowing the symptoms that accompany pregnant women, a woman can subconsciously inspire herself with this condition.

Such cases do not exclude pregnancy, but so far it has not been confirmed. If conception did occur, then this will become clear with time. More often, it happens that the symptoms of pregnancy do not appear clearly until a week after sex on the “ideal” day for conception.

Pregnancy symptoms noticeable a week after conception

Not all cases are the same and some will not notice the signs we list after a week of waiting for pregnancy.

• Bleeding from the vagina- a phenomenon that a pregnant woman will face first of all. Do not think that the discharge in this case is a violation of the menstrual cycle. Bleeding of this kind is called implantation. They indicate the fixation of the embryo on the wall of the uterus. The discharge, which has a characteristic pinkish color, does not have a large volume and is accompanied by pain. Implantation bleeding lasts for several hours, a day or a little longer. Sometimes this time passes without vaginal bleeding, so the absence of discharge during the week after ovulation does not indicate the absence of pregnancy.
• Pain in the chest area can be attributed to factors indicating pregnancy during the first week after fertilization or a little later. Already 7-10 days after conception, some women feel increased sensitivity and elasticity of the breast. The nipples also become sensitive, in some cases secreting drops of colostrum and becoming dark.
• Nausea and vomiting are symptoms of pregnancy that occur during most of the gestation period. Some cases confirm that these signs can be clearly manifested as early as a week after the fertilization of the egg.

How to make sure in the early stages that pregnancy has come?

If a woman notices atypical body behavior within a week or a little more after ovulation, then she can take certain measures to be sure. You can do a blood test for hCG a week after intercourse. In urine, the presence of hCG is observed a few days later than in the blood. The test should be purchased within 10-12 days after the expected moment of conception. It is better to use it in the morning, since at this time the concentration of hCG in the composition of the urine is maximum. Ultrasound scanning in early pregnancy will not help, because it is carried out two weeks after the delay in menstruation.

When do the first signs of pregnancy appear that cannot be overlooked? You can talk about pregnancy with full confidence only after a delay in menstruation. This is the first sign of conception that occurs in every woman without exception and encourages her to take a pregnancy test. Among the first reliable signs indicating that the girl will soon become a mother are symptoms that appear from the fifth week of pregnancy, that is, after the delay.

Among them:

• Toxicosis. Nausea and vomiting in the morning will not make you doubt that the pregnancy has come;
• Emotional instability. An increase in mood or, conversely, tearfulness. Such "swings" only confirm the status of "Pregnant";
• Frequent urination;
• Sleep disturbance;
• Drawing pains in the lower abdomen. Unpleasant spasms can occur from time to time due to uterine contractions. This is a natural process and has nothing to do with miscarriage. It is worth thinking about its danger in the case when spasms intensify and are accompanied by blood secretions;
• Change in appetite. The composition of saliva changes and even the taste of foods may seem somewhat unusual. A pregnant woman sometimes begins to love what she hated before. This confirms the fact of pregnancy.

Although the first signs of conception of the fetus appear a week after ovulation, some women may simply not notice them, especially if pregnancy is not expected. When a girl really wants to become a mother, the opposite can happen - any change in the body, not even related to conception, can be interpreted as a symptom of pregnancy.

But the first signs of pregnancy, which you can really focus on, appear after a delay in menstruation.

Women are always promoted! In order to obtain reliable results, basal temperature is measured in the morning without getting out of bed (before measurement, you need to be in a horizontal position for at least 6 hours). The thermometer is inserted into the rectum to a depth of approximately 5 cm and is not removed for 10 minutes. After the basal temperature does not fall below 37 degrees.

Pay attention to your physical sensations. For example, the perception of food. There may be an aversion to any particular product. Toxicosis is often one of the first signs of pregnancy (nausea, vomiting). But few people know that toxicosis is also increased fatigue and frequent headaches.

Don't ignore vaginal discharge. After the onset of conception, their number increases sharply. They usually do not itch and are odorless. It happens that a little bloody mucus comes out, which it takes for menstruation. These secretions can be either brownish or yellowish.

"Listen" to the sensations in the uterus, as periodic tingling in the uterus is an excellent indicator of conception. This usually lasts for the first two after pregnancy.

Pay attention to the condition of your chest. After conception occurs, there are painful sensations in the area of ​​​​the mammary glands (thus they are prepared for feeding). After a couple of weeks, there is swelling of the breast and darkening of the areola (peripapillary).

note

According to statistics, a healthy married couple who has sexual contact 2-3 times a week without the use of contraception usually takes from six months to a year to conceive. Therefore, do not sound the alarm if pregnancy does not occur immediately. It is recommended to seek the help of specialists in cases where conception does not occur for two or more years.

Useful advice

In fact, phenomena such as profuse vaginal discharge, nausea, headaches, vomiting, heaviness in the lower abdomen do not always signal a pregnancy. There may be completely different reasons for such manifestations. Therefore, in case of serious ailments, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Sources:

• The first signs of pregnancy
• Can you feel conception?
• How is the process of conception
• how to know if you are pregnant

Women planning a pregnancy want to know as early as possible whether conception has occurred. There are several ways to determine if fertilization has occurred in this menstrual cycle.

Instruction

Get tested for HCG. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is produced in the female body to maintain pregnancy. Before conception, its level in the blood of a healthy woman should not exceed 5 mU / ml. HCG begins to rise rapidly and its concentration increases by 2 times every 2-3 days during the first trimester of pregnancy. According to the results of a blood test, it can be determined whether conception has occurred 7 days after ovulation, i.e. about a week before the expected delay of the next menstruation. In the first 2 weeks after fertilization, the hCG level ranges from 25 to 156 mU / ml.

Buy a pregnancy test at a pharmacy and do a study at. After conception, the level of hCG rises not only in the blood, but also in the urine. The maximum concentration of the hormone is observed in the morning, so the test is best done after a night's sleep. Read the instructions carefully and conduct the study in accordance with it. Some pregnancy tests show reliable results from the 4th day before the start of the delay. If menstruation does not occur for 2-3 days, then the probability of obtaining the correct result of the study is about 98%.

1-2 weeks after the delay, the gynecologist will be able to determine if you are pregnant during the examination. Approximately 2 weeks after fertilization, the embryo attaches to the uterus, it begins to grow, and an experienced doctor will be able to confirm the fact of conception already 3-4 weeks after the onset of pregnancy.

Ultrasound will show the most informative results. This study will show the presence of an embryo in the uterine cavity for a period of 2-3 weeks after conception. Thanks to ultrasound, you can exclude an ectopic pregnancy, determine how long the expectant mother is waiting, and by 5-6 you can hear the baby's heartbeat. Some gynecologists do not recommend conducting this study in early pregnancy, unless there are special indications for this, so as not to increase the risk of abortion. A woman should do the first scheduled ultrasound examination at 10-, i.e. 8-10 weeks after conception.

There are subjective pregnancies: weakness, drowsiness, discomfort in the chest, slight pulling pains in the lower abdomen. However, most of these symptoms can be observed in a woman before menstruation, so it is difficult to accurately determine whether conception has occurred by such signs.

Scientists have long proven that for animals the immaculate conception is not at all rare. This happens in many invertebrates, and sometimes even in birds and lizards. But is this way of reproduction peculiar to humans?

What is parthenogenesis?

The term parthenogenesis comes from "parthenos" - virgin, and "genesis" - origin, birth. And it translates as "reproduction." It is a form of sexual reproduction in which an embryo develops from an unfertilized egg.

Doctors are well aware that under stressful and extreme situations, under the influence of high temperatures, a female egg, even if not fertilized, can begin to divide on its own.

How does parthenogenesis occur?

The egg, which is ready for fertilization, has. During parthenogenesis, the 23 female chromosomes divide in half, resulting in the formation of 46 chromosomes in the body, which are necessary for a new life. After the embryo develops, and only female.

Scientists believe this may be due to a bacterium that normally lives in insects. But if it enters the human body, it stimulates the division of the egg. There is a version that this bacterium can live for a long time in the human body and become more active under the influence of high temperature, for example, while visiting a bath or sauna.

There have been cases of a change in the sex of the embryo in people who have experienced extreme situations or live in a hot climate. Interestingly, the male sex of the embryo can change to female, but never vice versa.

Immaculate or vicious conception?

The immaculate conception is still a very unexplored phenomenon. Sometimes it is confused with ordinary conception, for example, there are a large number of cases when girls, being virgins, became pregnant without intercourse. This happens when sperm gets on the girl's genitals, for example, after petting or if the girl sits on the place where the seminal fluid is located, or wipes herself with a towel with traces of sperm. Getting pregnant in this way is very difficult, but still possible. Some spermatozoa are able to penetrate the female body and overcome a distance of even 10 cm, and the hymen is not at all an obstacle for them.

There is a famous story of a woman who lived in Finland and was divorced. After a severe miscarriage, she became childless. Once she had serious problems at work, when she came home, she decided to relax and relieve stress by taking a steam bath. Later it turned out that she Doctors conducted a thorough examination and came to the conclusion that the woman had carried a fragment of the placenta in herself for many years, which remained. After a lot of stress and a hot temperature, he came to life, got into the egg and began to develop.

fertilization- penetration of the sperm into the egg

ovum division after fertilization and its movement through the fallopian tubes

For it to come ovulation, an immature egg (follicle) in one of the ovaries matures under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone, which is secreted by the pituitary gland. As the follicle matures, luteinizing hormone is produced. Under its influence, the follicle ruptures, releasing the egg. This is ovulation, which usually occurs in the middle of each normal menstrual cycle. After ovulation, the egg travels into one of the fallopian tubes and from there into the uterus. Usually, the egg is capable of fertilization within twelve hours. If fertilization does not occur during this time, she dies and is excreted during menses along with menstrual flow.

For conception to occur, the sperm must already be in the fallopian tubes at that time. time when the egg is capable of fertilization. The spermatozoon, being in the genital tract of a woman after ejaculation, usually does not die for another 48-72 hours. So about four days monthly, most favorable for conception.

For conception to occur, the sperm must penetrate the membranes of the egg. A large number of spermatozoa are involved in the dissolution of the outer shell, but only one can connect with the egg. The egg and sperm combine to form one cell (zygote), which divides into two, then four, and so on. Each cell of the fetus contains the chromosomes of the mother and father, which form the individual genetic code of the child.

After conception the developing fetus passes through the fallopian tubes into the uterus. The cells continue to divide and form a ball called a morula. After about four days, fluid accumulates in the center of the morula and a cavity is created. This structure is called the blastocyst. After a few days, protrusions called chorionic villi form on the blastocyst. They penetrate the wall of the uterus and are fixed in it. This process is called implantation. Implantation occurs about twenty days after the last menses. In it time after conception first signspregnancy usually absent.

When planning conception, it is necessary to consider that:

During one menstrual cycle, a woman can mature several eggs.

Ovulation may not occur in the middle of the cycle. In young girls and in violation menstrual cycle, the ovaries often work irregularly, and therefore ovulation may occur earlier or later. The time of ovulation may depend on the emotional and mental state of the woman, which affects the hormonal balance.

Various diseases affect a woman's ability to conceive and the ability to implant a fertilized egg in the uterus.

Very common lately asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases and tumors. Even pathological vaginal discharge with such diseases is not always the case. Without analyzes it is difficult to distinguish them from normal secretions. With a hidden course of female diseases, there are no stomach ache, bleeding, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Favorable days for conceiving a child

Conception- first stage pregnancy. Sometimes, in order for conception to happen faster, preparation is necessary. To choose fertile days better according to conception calendar. Male germ cells are able to maintain their activity in a woman's body for several days. If there is no ovulation during this period, then conception will not occur, and they will die. Most favorable time for conceiving children- this is day ovulation.

Since the lifespan of an egg is about 12 hours, sexual intercourse in days before ovulation is more preferable for conception of a child, how after ovulation, since it takes about a day for sperm to get into the fallopian tube. Define day ovulation and calculate auspicious days for conception possible by basal temperature chart, but this method is complicated and imprecise. You can also do it yourself in the middle of the menstrual cycle tests for ovulation and consult a gynecologist who, using analysis secretions, Ultrasound, hormone tests, will determine the day of ovulation with an accuracy of 1-2 days. Some women subjectively feel ovulation - they feel pain in the lower abdomen, swelling and soreness of the mammary glands, nausea, they note the release of ovulatory viscous abundant mucus from the genital tract on the day of ovulation. Sometimes there is discharge during ovulation bloody. Ovulation in different women can occur on different days. Therefore, after determining the days of ovulation for three menstrual cycles, a woman can draw up an individual conception calendar.

Fertility calendar for ovulation in the middle of the menstrual cycle

Poses for conception

It is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse for 3-5 days before ovulation for the maturation of spermatozoa. For conception, it is better if a woman lies on her back during intercourse. After its completion, you can put a pillow under the buttocks and raise your legs. This posture need to save some time. In this case, the cervix will be immersed in the sperm located in the posterior fornix of the vagina. Also facilitate the penetration of spermatozoa into the cervical canal and conception helps knee-elbow pose during or after intercourse. Most young women who are newly sexually active do not experience orgasm during intercourse. The presence of an orgasm does not affect conception.

Days before conception and after conception

AT days before conception child and after conception, drinking alcohol by spouses should be excluded, since alcohol has a damaging effect on female and male sex cells. It is necessary to avoid other harmful factors - smoking, household chemicals, x-rays, drugs. If the spouses are not healthy, it is better to postpone conception until recovery. In the case of long-term use of medications and chronic diseases, you should consult your doctor about their possible effect on conception and pregnancy.

Days after conception before the first delay of menstruation signspregnancy usually absent.

The best time to conceive a child

The biggest plus for conception at any time year is the very fact of pregnancy, especially if it is long-awaited.

conception in summer

When conceived in the summer, the first trimester pregnancy falls in the summer-autumn, childbirth - in the spring months. The advantages of this time for conception include good natural fortification of the body, the opportunity to spend more time outdoors, and a favorable epidemiological situation for acute respiratory infections in the first trimester of pregnancy. But childbirth and the formation of lactation occur in the most hypovitaminous season of the year, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient supply of essential nutrients to the female body.

Conception in autumn

The first trimester of pregnancy falls on autumn-winter, childbirth - in the summer months. At the same time, a good natural fortification of the woman's body during the period of conception, before childbirth and during the formation of lactation.

But the first trimester falls on an epidemiologically unfavorable season - influenza outbreaks, acute respiratory infections. In the first trimester, the fetus is especially vulnerable to infection. This should be taken into account when a woman is prone to colds.

Part of the last trimester of pregnancy will take place in hot summer conditions. This should be considered for women who do not tolerate heat well and need plenty of fluids. The heat complicates the fight against late toxicosis of pregnancy, worsens the well-being of the expectant mother, it is difficult to maintain a drinking regimen at high temperatures.

conception in winter

The first trimester of pregnancy falls in the winter-spring, childbirth - in the fall. Plus, conception at this time is a good natural fortification in the last trimester of pregnancy, during childbirth and in the period of lactation.

But the first trimester of pregnancy falls on the peak of epidemic trouble in terms of influenza and acute respiratory infections. And at this time, as mentioned earlier, the embryo is most sensitive to the effects of infection.

conception in the spring

The first trimester of pregnancy falls on spring-summer, childbirth - in the winter. The disadvantages include the peak of hypovitaminization of parental organisms at the time of conception and early pregnancy, the unfavorable epidemic situation in terms of acute respiratory infections and influenza during conception in the first half of spring.

Conception of a child - a boy or a girl.

It is believed that compliance with certain rules before conception guarantees conception of a child a certain gender. Statistics do not confirm the effectiveness of any of the "folk" methods of planning the sex of the child, positive results when these rules are observed are random.

All the "folk" methods of planning the sex of a child listed below do not have any scientific justification, however, with strong faith in them, they may be effective. With regard to following the described diets, one should be especially careful, since none of them is complete in terms of nutritional composition, which can adversely affect the health of the mother and child.

Folk methods of conceiving a boy or girl

To conceive a boy it is necessary in even years of life to plan conception for odd months or in odd years - for even. It is believed that sex is necessary at night, when there is a month in the sky, and not a full moon, and there is no precipitation. It should be cool in the bedroom, the window should be open, you should lie with your head to the north, you should put some “male” attribute under the pillow - a toy gun, a typewriter. More likely to conceive a boy in those couples where the husband is more sexually active than the wife. During intercourse, a man should reach orgasm earlier than a woman, and after sex, future parents are advised not to sleep for a long time. Before sexual intercourse, the husband should wash the testicles with cold water, which will increase the activity of spermatozoa. Before the onset of an important night, for at least three weeks, a woman should eat meat and fish products, potatoes, mushrooms, drink tea, coffee, forgetting about milk and dairy products, as well as bread and egg yolks. All dishes must be salted.

To conceive a girl the year and month of the onset of pregnancy can be either even or odd. The day must be rainy, the phase of the moon is the full moon. In these cases, you need to have sex in the evening, in a room painted in pink tones, lie with your head to the south, and put a pink ribbon under the pillow. The window should be closed, and the air in the room should be scented. Girls are guaranteed to couples where the wife is more sexually active than the husband. In the conception of a girl, the observance of a milk diet helps, fish, bread, carrots, cucumbers, herbs are allowed, the consumption of dried fruits, meat is limited, carbonated water, salt and spices are excluded. The future father of the girl should warm the genitals with warm underwear to reduce the activity of male germ cells.

One of the often discussed methods of planning the sex of a child has the sonorous name "blood renewal". It is believed that in men the blood is renewed every 4, and in women - every 3 years. If a person had some kind of operation or blood loss during his life, then the countdown does not start from the birthday, but from the date of this blood loss. Thus, the age or time from the last blood loss is divided by 4 for men, and 3 for women (with Rh-negative blood in the mother, the opposite is true - for men, the denominator will be 3, and for women - 4). Whoever has a larger balance (mom or dad), he has a more “young”, strong blood, therefore, the child will be of the same sex. The method has not received any scientific justification.

Conception of a boy or girl from a scientific point of view

According to statistics, 106 boys are born for every 100 girls. Even more male embryos are formed, but male embryos, as well as boys of the first year of life, die more often. Dangerous games, men's professions, wars, bad habits often lead to the death of adult men. By reproductive age, the sex ratio becomes approximately 1 to 1.

The sex cells of a man and a woman contain one sex chromosome and 22 somatic (non-sex) each - a sperm cell and an egg contain 23 chromosomes each. When a sperm and an egg merge during fertilization, an individual genotype of a girl (46XX) or a boy (46XY) is formed. Gender is determined by the combination of two sex chromosomes: girls have a combination of XX, and boys have XY. In a woman, all eggs contain one X chromosome (there are no other sex chromosomes in the female body). Male spermatozoa are of two types: with the X chromosome and with the Y chromosome. If the egg is fertilized by X-spermatozoon, a girl will be born, if Y - a boy. Thus, the sex of the child depends on the male germ cell! Therefore, claims to the wife about the sex of the child born on the part of the pope are completely unfounded. For the same reason, all methods of planning the sex of the child related to the expectant mother are unreasonable. A woman can pass on only the X chromosome to her child, and the second chromosome - X or Y, on which it will depend whether a boy or a girl is born, the child's father transmits.

Some methods of planning the sex of the child are based on scientifically based facts. They are difficult to use for women with an irregular cycle, in which it is difficult to determine the exact day of ovulation. In healthy women with a regular menstrual cycle, the date of ovulation may also shift.

Planning the sex of the child by the date of ovulation.

To increase the likelihood conception of a boy, you need to have sexual intercourse on ovulation time. The method is based on the differences between X- and Y-spermatozoa. The X chromosome is much larger than the Y chromosome. X-spermatozoa are slower, but more viable. Fertilization of the egg by the sperm is possible after its release from the ovary - after ovulation. If sexual intercourse was a few days before ovulation, then the likelihood increases conception of a girl, because, most likely, only hardy X-spermatozoa remained in the female genital tract, which will get the honorable mission of fertilization. If, however, future parents manage to abstain from sex for at least a week before the day of ovulation, and sexual intercourse occurs on the day of ovulation, then the likelihood of conceiving a boy increases, since the extremely mobile Y-spermatozoa will be the first to reach the egg, ahead of the X-spermatozoa. 2-3 days before ovulation, the environment in the vagina is more acidic, which contributes to the rapid death of Y-sperm. During ovulation, the pH of the medium becomes slightly alkaline, which contributes to the survival of Y-spermatozoa.

The dependence of the sex of the child on the sexual activity of the parents.

With frequent sexual intercourse (daily or every other day), boys are born more often because the probability of fertilization by fast Y-spermatozoa is higher. With low sexual activity, the probability of giving birth to a girl increases, X-spermatozoa remain viable until ovulation in the female genital tract (up to 5 days after intercourse).

Practical advice.

A woman needs to determine the time of ovulation for several menstrual cycles using a basal temperature chart, an ovulation test, or using a daily ultrasound - from approximately the 10th day of the menstrual cycle until the release of the egg from the ovary. With ultrasound, a maturing (dominant) follicle containing an egg is clearly visible. It disappears after ovulation, and a corpus luteum forms in its place. Some women subjectively feel ovulation, for example, they feel pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, they note the release of ovulatory mucus from the genital tract on the day of ovulation - such mucus is viscous, quite plentiful. When planning to conceive a daughter, intercourse should be 2-3 days before the calculated date of ovulation, if you want to conceive a son, you should abstain from sex at least 2-3 days before ovulation, and intercourse should occur during ovulation.

Separation of spermatozoa into X and Y using special procedures.

The spermatozoa are separated using laser technology. After performing one of these procedures, the egg is fertilized in a test tube with a selected spermatozoon, an embryo of the desired sex is obtained and it is introduced into the uterine cavity (in vitro fertilization).

Even this scientifically based method of planning the sex of a child does not give one hundred percent guarantee. The possible genetic changes in the application of procedures for artificial sorting of spermatozoa have not been fully studied. In the future, sperm separation may help solve the problem of preventing hereditary diseases associated with sex.

None of the methods of planning the sex of the child gives a 100% guarantee. The appearance in the family of a healthy child of any gender, a boy or a girl, is a happy event.

Artificial insemination

Intrauterine insemination the husband's or donor's sperm is produced when the immunological incompatibility of the married couple is established or when the fertilizing ability of the husband's sperm is reduced. On a pregnancy-friendly day of the menstrual cycle, pre-treated sperm is injected into the woman's uterus. The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility is quite high. It is advisable to repeat the procedure for 4 cycles.

in vitro fertilization outside the uterus with subsequent transfer of embryos into the uterus of the mother (IVF) is performed with persistent obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Those stages of development of the egg and embryo, which normally take place in the fallopian tube in the first 2-3 days after fertilization, during IVF occur under artificial conditions - “in vitro”. The IVF method consists of several stages:

diagnosis of the form and causes of infertility

prescribing to a woman drugs that stimulate the growth of several follicles in the egg - superovulation induction

assessment of ovarian response to induction using ultrasound and hormonal studies

determining when to puncture the follicles using ultrasound and determining the concentration of hormones

puncture of follicles, extraction of eggs from them, placing them in a special environment

collection and preparation of spermatozoa

connection of eggs and spermatozoa insemination of eggs in a test tube and their placement in an incubator for 24-42 hours

transfer of embryos from a test tube to the mother's uterus

prescribing drugs that support implantation and development of embryos in the uterus

diagnosis of pregnancy

management of pregnancy and childbirth

The success rate of IVF is currently 30% on average. This is a high percentage, given that the probability of conception in a healthy man and woman in the same menstrual cycle is about 30%. Due to the high efficiency of IVF, today this method is used in almost all forms of infertility. With IVF, preimplantation diagnosis of hereditary diseases is possible. The frequency of genetic diseases in children born through IVF does not exceed that in children conceived in the usual way.

Surrogacy. The ovum obtained from the woman is fertilized with the husband's sperm. The resulting embryo is transferred to the uterus of another woman, the so-called surrogate or biological mother. The surrogate mother bears the child and after giving birth gives it to the owner of the eggs - the genetic mother.

Many women wonder if fertilization can be felt. Unfortunately, the answer here is an unequivocal no. And any of your sensations is just the power of intuition or suggestion. Of course, I would like to immediately know about the changes in my own body, but in this case you have to wait.

fertilization process

To understand what a woman feels during fertilization, whether she feels anything at all, it is necessary to turn to the process itself. So, after the completion of sexual intercourse, millions of spermatozoa start up to meet the egg, ready for fertilization. Their fusion occurs only after a few hours - this is fertilization. But before the onset of pregnancy itself, and, accordingly, the first symptoms, a lot of time will pass.

Pregnancy occurs only 6-7 days after fertilization. This is how long it takes for a fertilized egg to return to the uterus. It is at this stage in your body that changes begin that you could notice. Therefore, it is impossible to find out or somehow determine whether fertilization has occurred before the onset of pregnancy.

Many, in order to somehow understand that fertilization has occurred, listen to see if their stomach hurts, feel their chest and mammary glands, and wait for morning nausea. All these symptoms, of course, will appear, but much later.

The onset of pregnancy

As soon as the fertilized egg reaches the uterus, pregnancy occurs. And here you may feel the sensations that you were waiting for during fertilization. Of course, everything is purely individual, because there are some ladies who do not know about pregnancy for several months, and the irregular menstrual cycle is attributed to stress or hormonal imbalance.

The first clear sign may be discharge, which, after fertilization, as a rule, intensify. Perhaps you will observe the appearance of mucus, and the discharge itself may be yellowish or brownish.

Many girls, turning to the antenatal clinic with the question of how to find out that fertilization has occurred, are advised to monitor their body temperature. By measuring your basal temperature every morning, you will notice that with successful fertilization, it does not fall below 37 degrees.

At some point, your body will let you feel about the birth of a new life, so be patient and try not to be nervous.

womanadvice.ru

conception after ovulation

Getting two coveted strips on the test is the goal of every couple who decide to become parents. But to achieve it, one desire and aspiration in the form of frequent intimacy, which is also important in this matter, is sometimes not enough. Theoretical knowledge of the "subtleties of conception" will direct the efforts of future parents in the right direction, and, we hope, the result will not be long in coming. So let's go!

Will ovulation or probability theory help in conceiving a child?

Ovulation is the most important phenomenon in the field of reproduction provided by Mother Nature, which provides an opportunity for the birth of a new life as such. Ovulation is the part of the menstrual cycle in which each month one egg is fully matured and released from the ovarian follicle for fertilization.

The maximum lifespan of a mature egg is 24 hours, so if it is not fertilized by a sperm cell during this time, it will die and, under the influence of the hormone progesterone, will come out with menstruation. That is why, for the “reliability” of conception, it is important to perform a full-fledged sexual intercourse with ejaculation during ovulation (during these 24 hours). At least it has been scientifically proven that the probability of conception on the day of ovulation is the highest and is 33%.

This fact does not mean at all that conception before ovulation is impossible. Yes, the probability of conception before ovulation is below the maximum value, but it increases every day until it occurs. For example, 5 days before the release of a mature egg, it is only 10%, 2 days before it - already 27%, on the day before it - 31%. So, there are quite high chances during this period as well. And this is explained, again, by the foresight of mother nature: the viability of a sperm in the female body, unlike an egg, can reach from 2 to 7 days. Therefore, the “hit” of spermatozoa may be effective even a few days before ovulation.

Is it possible to conceive after ovulation?

Conception of a child after ovulation is possible, but its probability is low. But still there are other, more optimistic opinions about its sufficiency the day after ovulation.

Conception on the day of ovulation is not yet a 100% guarantee of pregnancy

At the stage of planning a child, it is also very important to understand what conception itself is, and that the “direct hit” of spermatozoa in the female body during the period of ovulation cannot yet guarantee the result we are going to. Conception is a set of processes, in which fertilization is only the first of them, really impossible without ovulation.

So, pregnancy will occur after going through all the stages of conception:

1. Fertilization of an egg by a sperm. After their fusion, the formation of a complete set of genetic information necessary for the development of the child occurs. Then the fertilized egg develops by internal crushing and moves to the uterine cavity, where it will be implanted in a few days. That is why sexual intercourse is not yet the moment of conception.
2. Penetration and introduction of a fertilized egg into the uterine mucosa. Having turned into an embryo by division, a small vesicle of cells, about two weeks after fertilization, in the process of moving through the fallopian tube, it may die due to obstruction of the fallopian tubes against the background of STIs, adhesions, inflammation or attachment not in the uterine cavity - ectopic pregnancy. Also, the death of the fetus is possible if it cannot attach to the uterus. But let's not talk about the bad, our embryo has successfully attached itself, begins to develop, and its shell produces the hCG hormone. The process of conception is completed and the desired pregnancy begins.

Signs of conception after ovulation

Thus, the first "signals" of pregnancy may appear no earlier than 2-3 weeks after intercourse. These include:

These signs are very conditional and can be caused by other circumstances (stress, colds and inflammatory diseases, etc.), so it is better to determine pregnancy using a test, which is preferably done after a delay or 4-5 weeks after sexual intercourse, which could lead to conception.

And let two cherished stripes be visible on your test as soon as possible!

womanadvice.ru

How to determine pregnancy in the first weeks and days after conception

How to determine pregnancy in the early days? This question is very exciting for many girls, because their future life and fate often depend on whether conception occurred or not. Someone passionately desires a baby and waits with hope for a delay in menstruation, while others, on the contrary, tremble in "anticipation" of a possible abortion. Be that as it may, whether you want a child or not, but for your own health, and for the health of future offspring, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible if there are signs of pregnancy. Especially if you feel unwell or plan to artificially terminate the pregnancy.

But still, how to determine pregnancy in the early stages? Is it necessary to see a doctor for this or can you make an accurate diagnosis yourself? Let's discuss.

How to determine pregnancy at home

The primary diagnosis, so to speak, a woman always makes on her own, do not run to the doctor every time at the slightest delay. A diagnostic tool is a pregnancy test bought at a pharmacy. By the way, these diagnostic tools are sold at different prices, there are 20 rubles and 200. How do they differ? And they differ, albeit very slightly, in their sensitivity in response to the hCG hormone contained in the urine of the expectant mother. If desired, contrary to numerous medical opinions, it is possible to determine pregnancy in the early stages even before the delay, more precisely, 2-3 days before it starts. But this requires a more expensive sample. And after the delay, in fact, all tests are “equal”, since at this time the chorionic gonadotropin reaches such a concentration in the urine of a woman that any test can detect.

Here is the answer to the question "how to determine pregnancy in the first days of the absence of menstruation" - buy and take a test. The reliability of this method approaches 100%. Errors can only happen due to violation of the instructions, but this happens very rarely, so it is almost impossible to make a mistake here. Sometimes women observe a second strip on the test (which is evidence of pregnancy), fuzzy, barely noticeable. This can be caused by two reasons - either a poor-quality test, or an insufficient content of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of a woman. The second case should not be overlooked, since low chorionic gonadotropin can be with an ectopic or missed pregnancy - pathologies that require immediate medical intervention. But it’s not worth going to the doctor right away for clarifications - it’s easier to get a couple more tests from different companies, and if the result is positive or weakly positive, go to the gynecologist.

And how to determine pregnancy in the first days after conception, even before the onset of delayed menstruation? Purely theoretically, as we wrote above, you can make a good pregnancy test. If this option does not suit you, then try measuring your basal temperature - it is most reliable in the rectum. If the temperature is above 37 degrees, and 2-3 days remain before the delay, then it is quite possible that you are in position. But keep in mind that many factors influence the result. For example, sexual intercourse a couple of hours before measuring the temperature can provoke its increase. In general, before being diagnosed in this way, carefully read all the rules for measuring basal temperature.

How to determine pregnancy with the help of medicine

The most elementary thing is to go to the gynecologist, who will definitely look at you on the chair. According to the shape of the uterus, its size, the consistency of the cervix and its color, the doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. But just keep in mind that sometimes the uterus can be slightly enlarged even before menstruation, and the doctor may decide that this is a short term pregnancy, especially if you have previously asked about how to determine pregnancy in the first days of it and found that some signs / you have symptoms of an interesting situation. But the longer the period, the more obvious becomes an interesting situation for the doctor.

If the doctor doubts whether you are pregnant or not, or he has suspicions about whether the fetus is developing and whether it is developing in the uterus at all, then he may prescribe an ultrasound examination. Many future and already established mothers are sure that it is very harmful to do ultrasound in the early stages, supposedly this negatively affects the health of the child. There are no reasons to panic. If there are indications for ultrasound, you should not refuse. This will not affect the child in any way, rather, on the contrary, in some cases, timely results obtained can be lifesaving.

The fetal egg can be seen on ultrasound already at 4 obstetric weeks. And at about the same time, the baby begins to beat his tiny heart. It is by heart contractions that the doctor determines whether the embryo develops or not.

Another wonderful and very accurate method designed for those who are looking for a way to determine pregnancy in the early stages is the test for human chorionic gonadotropin. Yes, yes, exactly on the hormone that the pregnancy test also reacts to. But only in the blood this hormone can be detected a little earlier, already 8 days after conception, almost immediately after implantation of the egg in the uterine wall. Errors can only occur if a woman is sick with any oncological disease, then hCG can also be increased in non-pregnant women, and not only in women, but also in men. And elevated hCG is found in people taking certain medicines containing this substance.

Subjective signs of pregnancy

We looked at how to determine pregnancy in the first days after conception, now it's the turn of the subjective and fairly common symptoms that accompany the first trimester.

Toxicosis

If a woman in the "prime of her reproductive powers" begins to feel nauseous, then all her close female acquaintances begin to ask: "Are you pregnant?" Indeed, we all associate nausea in this case not with poisoning or overeating, but with pregnancy. However, nausea begins to be felt by women not from the first days after conception, but at a period of 4-5 obstetric weeks and later. And not all women have it.

Pain in the mammary glands and nipples

This is due to hormonal changes in the body. The whole body begins to work for the benefit of the baby and prepare for the upcoming birth. And the breast is preparing for the upcoming lactation. The nipples become somewhat larger, pigmented (become brown, but this usually happens in the second half of pregnancy). In some cases, colostrum is released from them even in the early stages with gentle pressure. The mammary glands are painful. During the first months, they will also increase in size.

Lower abdominal pain

Pain in the lower abdomen instead of menstruation ... Rather so. This is a rather specific sign, but many girls have identified their pregnancy in this way. However, in many cases this pain is not normal and indicates the threat of spontaneous miscarriage, uterine tone.

Frequent urination

Many women claim that this is the most accurate answer to the question: “How to determine pregnancy in the early stages?” Just do not confuse this symptom of an interesting situation with cystitis - also a common occurrence in the female. With cystitis, urination is not only frequent, but also painful. It is possible to accurately determine the nature of this phenomenon only by passing a urine test.

Profuse vaginal discharge

These discharges can be transparent, slightly whitish or yellowish. The consistency is thick, viscous. Their appearance is a natural phenomenon. With the help of them, a mucous plug is formed in the cervix, which prevents the penetration of various pathogens from the vagina to the baby, and simply provides mechanical protection. The mucus plug comes off just before childbirth or already in the process of giving birth.

Sometimes discharge can be a symptom of various sexually transmitted infections or other diseases of the reproductive system. The doctor at your first visit to him will take smears, and if there is a pathogen, he will prescribe a safe and effective treatment.

Now it has become clearer how to determine pregnancy in the first days and weeks. Be more attentive to your health!

www.missfit.ru

Secrets of conception and early pregnancy

Author: Elena Berezovskaya (Canada)

More than 80% of all pregnancies in the countries of the former Soviet Union end in induced abortion, and, in fact, these countries lead in the number of terminations of pregnancy - abortions - worldwide. Illegal abortions are not counted at all because they are covert abortions, so the actual abortion rate will be much higher. Such high rates of abortions are due to the fact that most pregnancies are not planned, and the use of precautionary measures for pregnancy in the territory of the post-Soviet countries leaves much to be desired.

But one way or another, in the life of almost every woman, the question arises of conceiving children in order to create a family, regardless of whether there have been interruptions of pregnancies before or will be in the future. Most families are planning one to three children, although there are some that welcome more children. This means that in the life of almost every woman there are periods when she is looking forward to the positive conclusion "Pregnant". And as soon as the period of this irrepressible desire to have a child sets in, artificial problems are created that turn into a “chain reaction”, introducing a woman into a stream of ever-larger endless problems, up to childbirth, and then they are already moving to a newborn. Problems are so banal, so unimportant, and, alas, often created or inflated by medical personnel, that it is surprising that such problems can even exist. But fear has big eyes, and when fear dominates in life, then even from the smallest fly you can make a big elephant.

Many women in such a period of expectation of the appearance of a child in their lives begin to “intensely” listen to everything that happens in their body, even before the next menstruation should be. "Oh, it hurts in my chest. I am pregnant?" “My stomach is swollen. Maybe I'm pregnant or not? “I felt so bad, it was such a weakness. Do you think I'm pregnant?" “I was nauseous yesterday. Is this pregnancy? Many women run to the pharmacy, buy a dozen pregnancy tests, and some manage to do these tests 2-3 times a day, nervous that they are negative or finding fault with poorly visible stripes - either they dreamed of pregnancy, or it wasn’t there yet . “No, you need to urgently run for an ultrasound scan, maybe they will see something there.” Usually in such cases, I want to ask a simple vital question: “Actually, where are we driving?”

Let's dive into the nature of the female body to understand when a woman can be pregnant and when not. Almost all modern doctors count the beginning of the pregnancy from the first day of the last menstruation. This means that any woman who has an open sex life, and also a regular one (every 2-3 days), at the time of the expected next menstruation, can be pregnant for a period of 4-4.5 weeks. When a woman or a doctor talks about pregnancy at 2-3 weeks, this may mean that a fetal egg appeared 2-3 weeks ago, that is, fertilization (conception, conception) occurred, but again, there is no delay in menstruation yet or a delay of only a few days . However, such calculations of the gestational age are very inaccurate and incorrect, since they can then lead to an incorrect calculation of the expected date of birth, so obstetrician-gynecologists around the world have agreed for many years that the onset of pregnancy is the first day of the last menstruation, when a new female genital begins to mature. a cell that will then be fertilized. Such a countdown of the gestational age is carried out in those women whose menstrual cycles are regular, for 28-30 days. For those who have a cycle of more than 30 days (up to 40 days is the norm in most cases), ultrasound is used to determine the exact gestational age or the calculation is carried out with a certain amendment, subtracting 1-2 weeks from the last menstruation (depending on the cycle).

And now let's look at some important factors that affect the conception and successful attachment of the fetal egg in the uterus, and discuss what chance of a woman's normal conception exists in nature, and how much the fears that envelop those who suffer from becoming pregnant as soon as possible are justified. Childbearing fever is a serious diagnosis that gives rise to another, no less serious disease: artificially created infertility. And women, and many men too, become reproductive disabled, unable to reproduce offspring, often through their own fault.

What is the role of men and women in terms of Nature? No matter how we hide behind our “high” position in the tree of evolution (development) of the living world of the planet, our ability to speak and think, our social perfection, but in the eyes of Nature we are all males and females, and created to continue our human race sexually. Therefore, we all (with the exception of rare individuals) are endowed with organs of reproduction, that is, organs responsible for the reproduction of their own similar members of the human world. This means that each of us has a huge potential for the implementation of the plans of Nature, if we ourselves do not muffle or eliminate this potential.

The process of reproduction of offspring includes the production of normal female germ cells (eggs), the production of a sufficient number of full-fledged male germ cells (spermatozoa), the movement of germ cells through the fallopian tubes (therefore, a normal number and normal sperm motility are very important for conception), where fertilization of the egg occurs , the movement of the embryo into the uterine cavity through the fallopian tube, and its normal introduction into the uterine wall (implantation) with further normal development of the fetus. I repeat the word “normal”, because if there is even a slight deviation from the accepted norms of certain indicators from the point of view of modern medicine, the process of conception and the development of pregnancy can be disrupted. Most often, women are blamed for the problems of conceiving a child, and those, voluntarily and dutifully putting on the label “infertile”, begin to go through endless diagnostic tests, which are often prescribed by commercially oriented doctors, the purpose of which is to maximize the income from the zombie woman they programmed. . Although the role of a woman in bearing offspring is of paramount importance, however, without a healthy conception, there can be no healthy offspring. Even with the availability of artificial insemination technologies, when fertilization takes place "in vitro", these types of human reproduction will not be successful if the male and female germ cells are not of high quality.

What determines the quality of germ cells? Eggs and spermatozoa, although they have the same stages of division (from a simple division in the form of mitosis to a more complex sexual one - meiosis or gametogenesis), nevertheless, their production in the body of a woman and a man depends on many factors.

Do you know that what is given to a man and a woman in the form of primary germ cells (gametes) even in the process of growth and development of the embryo, is the first and most important link for the future reproduction of offspring in the life of every born person? During the first weeks after conception, these cells travel (migrate) according to their own laws (still not fully understood by scientists) from the embryo to the outside and then back to the embryo. Although the sex of a child is determined by the combination of two sex chromosomes, X and Y, the presence of the Y chromosome includes the production of male sex hormones and the development of the fetus according to the male type.

The maturation of spermatozoa in men occurs in the testicles, but a number of other genital organs (glands) are involved in the formation of high-quality healthy sperm - a liquid with certain properties that contains spermatozoa. The process of sperm maturation takes approximately 64 days, but this does not mean that this process is spasmodic. Every day, a healthy man produces up to 100 million spermatozoa! In other words, the process of maturation of sperm in men is constant and continuous, from the moment of puberty in adolescence to old age, however, the quality of sperm and spermatozoa depends on many factors, including age. With age, the number of unhealthy male germ cells increases, which negatively affects their mobility and ability to fertilize an egg.

In women, the process of maturation of germ cells differs from that in men. The fact is that everything that the female body receives in the form of female germ cells and then owns all her life with a significant decrease in their quantity and quality appears at the very beginning of the intrauterine development of the fetus-girl. This means that the reserves of eggs are constantly depleted, and are not reproduced daily, as in a man from the moment of his puberty. In other words, every day, from the prenatal period to extreme old age, women lose female sex cells and never regain them. The eggs don't regenerate! Therefore, the ovaries must be protected, like the apple of an eye, from the moment the girl is born and then all her adult life, especially if the girl-woman plans to become a mother in the future.

As an important addition, I will say that such a serious procedure as laparoscopy (small abdominal surgery, when a special instrument is inserted into the abdominal cavity to examine the pelvic organs) should not be used in women planning a pregnancy, without strict indications for this. Worldwide, the number of laparoscopies performed has dropped significantly because one of the serious side effects of this research is ovarian dysfunction, which often leads to infertility. In the former countries of the Union, laparoscopy has become a commercial type of diagnostics, as it is very expensive, and allows a doctor or medical institution to make a huge profit on almost universal laparoscopy.

The latest scientific data suggest the presence of an additional resource of female germ cells that arise "in the course of life", but the active participation of these cells in the process of reproduction of offspring has not been proven. Thus, all hope is only in what is in the ovaries.

There are three key periods in the process of loss of female germ cells when this loss accelerates, and at the same time a very large number of eggs die. 2 million sex cells. During this period, having undergone a simple division (mitosis), gametes form follicles (vesicles). Many vesicles are never destined to grow to large sizes and reproduce a mature female germ cell.

The second period of mass death of eggs is associated with the birth of a girl. A newborn girl has about 1-2 million eggs - oocytes. During this period, the level of female sex hormones (estrogens) in the child's body is increased, since the girl receives most of these hormones from her mother before childbirth. Many follicles begin to grow, but as estrogen levels drop rapidly (maternal hormones break down and are excreted from the body, and the girl's own estrogen level is very low), before reaching full development, many of the follicles stop growing and regress. Most follicles die in the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Often, a newborn girl has unexpressed vaginal bleeding, so the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) also exfoliates due to a sharp decrease in estrogen.

The third period of death of a large number of eggs occurs in the first years of puberty. At the time of the first menstruation, the girl has about 400,000 oocytes. The level of estrogen rises again, and this again leads to the intensive growth of a large number of follicles. However, most of them stop growing again and regress. At the end of puberty in each ovary of the girl there are about 25,000 oocytes, which continue to die further.

It is believed that a woman with a regular menstrual cycle produces about 400 mature oocytes (300-500 according to some sources) during her life. This does not mean that she can be pregnant 400 times, because not all eggs are complete, and periods of life when a woman does not have open sexual contacts with a man must also be excluded. It is believed that usually after 37 years, most women begin a period of accelerated egg death. When the number of eggs reaches 1000, menopause usually occurs, which is observed closer to 50 years.

Here it is necessary to remember such an important factor as age. There is a concept of chronological and biological ages. Chronological age is the age in years, months, days from the moment of birth of a person. Biological age, from a medical point of view, is determined by the levels of hormones and other substances associated with the aging process, and, from the point of view of a woman's reproduction, this age takes into account the ovarian reserve of follicles and the woman's ability to reproduce offspring. Therefore, women can be biologically old even at 30 years old. It turns out that eggs not only mature and leave the ovary for fertilization, which is called ovulation, but they also age in the same way as people. It is good if the aging process of female germ cells occurs after ovulation, but in some women they age before ovulation. Such eggs are not capable of fertilization, or in case of fertilization, their division will be of poor quality, which will eventually lead to poor quality implantation and loss of pregnancy. Modern medicine allows you to determine the quality of eggs and sperm, and determine the cause of infertility in most couples.

The problems that are associated with age are also in the fact that the quality of germ cells is dramatically deteriorating. Alas, the ovaries are the first organs that begin the aging process at a very early chronological age - at 25-26 years. No matter how hard we tried to outsmart our nature by delaying reproduction, it gave us a very narrow window of getting healthy offspring with the least number of complications for both mother and child - from 21 to 25 years, or approximately 4-5 years.

Of course, women get pregnant at an earlier age, and later, and give birth to quite healthy children. But if we are talking about the most optimal framework with the most optimal result, then this is precisely the age of 21-25 years.

It is important to understand that if you start to find wrinkles on your face, then your internal organs are also aging, and not just the skin of your face. The whole body ages, each with a different rate of metabolic processes involved in aging. So, talking about the fact that you still have time to start a family and have children if you are already over 30 is, to some extent, rose-colored glasses that you put on yourself deliberately. For not everything is as simple and easy as you think, when it comes to human reproduction.

Now let's return to the issue of maturation of female germ cells in order to know when a woman can become pregnant and when not.

The monthly cycle, that is, the period from the first day of menstruation (always from the first day!) To the first day of the next menstruation, is divided into two phases, delimited by the day of maturation of the egg and the days of menstruation: into estrogen (first phase, proliferation phase) and progesterone (luteal, the second phase, the secretion phase), depending on the production of certain female hormones - estrogen and progesterone. The second phase is always more stable and usually lasts 14-15 days. This stability is due to the fact that the egg is mature, and then, if it is not fertilized and pregnancy does not occur, then the female body quickly prepares for a new cycle, freeing the uterus from the old lining (endometrium ) by its rejection in the form of menstruation. Therefore, when some doctors diagnose progesterone phase deficiency, this is a very erroneous diagnosis, made from just one result of a blood test. And many women “chew” progesterone, aka duphaston, aka utrozhestan, aka other names, believing that this particular drug will help them get pregnant. Read about the pointlessness and dangers of prescribing progesterone for most women in the article “Progesterone Nation”.

You must understand that the second phase is completely dependent on the quality of the first phase. The first phase can be very short, and vice versa, long, so the monthly cycle can normally be from 14 to 40 days, although most often we are talking about normal cycles of 21-35 days. The classic "tutel-to-tutelka" cycles, when a woman menstruates every 28 days, does not happen in real life, since there are too many factors that affect the length of the cycle. Cycle fluctuations of 7 days in both directions are considered the norm, or in other words, menstruation can begin a week earlier or later than the previous cycle. Many women clutch their heads and immediately run to the doctor in a panic if they had a menstruation with a delay of 2-3 days, or, conversely, started a little earlier. And, unfortunately, some doctors do not use this for the benefit of frightened women.

Thus, in the first phase, the maturation of the egg occurs, which is located in a special vesicle (follicle) in the ovary. Usually, several follicles start growing in both ovaries, but after the 7-8th day of the cycle, only one (rarely two) follicle grows further, so that between 13-16 days (on average, on the 14th day) burst, which is called ovulation . Often women mistakenly think that the ovaries work alternately. Many doctors also have a very erroneous idea about the work of the female reproductive system. Two ovaries always work, and the growth of follicles with the onset of menstruation occurs in both ovaries at once. And only approximately on the 7th day of the cycle (usually it is the 3rd day after the end of menstruation) in one of the ovaries, the growth of the follicle begins to dominate, which will end with ovulation. But the ovaries continue to work, as they did, because they need to get rid of those follicles that began to grow, but did not become dominant.

At ovulation, a mature egg, a female germ cell ready for fertilization, goes beyond the ovary and ends up in the abdominal cavity, but it is immediately "absorbed" into the fallopian tube, one end of which has a funnel with special processes. The egg is capable of fertilization for only 12-24 hours, and then it dies and dissolves if the conception of the child does not occur. So, couples planning a pregnancy should understand that the time when conception of a child can occur is very limited. Considering that the ovum ages from the moment of ovulation, and some may begin aging before ovulation, the window for successful conception is very narrow.

Heading to the ampullar part of the fallopian tube (the widest), the female germ cell meets here with the male germ cells (spermatozoa), which begin to actively attack the egg, dying at the same time, but not without purpose - their contents liquefy the thick wall of the egg. Finally, one "lucky one" manages to get inside the egg, which practically absorbs it. The spermatozoon loses its tail during conception most often. Thus, the statement that one sperm is enough to conceive a child is not entirely accurate. Under natural conditions, there should be millions of actively motile spermatozoa, which play a very important role in conception, but only one spermatozoon fertilizes the egg.

Further, the fertilized egg moves along the fallopian tube to the uterus, passing through several divisions - this is how the embryo appears. The process of moving takes from 4 to 6 days. Approximately 30 hours after the fertilization of the egg by the sperm, its first division occurs, on which the course of the entire pregnancy will largely depend. Scientists involved in reproductive technologies that allow artificial creation of embryos have found that if the first division was of poor quality, unevenly, then the fetal egg may be of poor quality, which will lead to its poor implantation, which means that such a pregnancy in most cases will end with its termination. The cells that arise during the division of a fertilized egg are called blastomeres, and the embryo itself in this state is called a zygote. First, division occurs without the growth of these cells, that is, the dimensions of the embryo remain the same. When the embryo has reached the 16-cell structure, its cells differentiate and increase in size. At this stage of division, the embryo is called a morula, and in this state it enters the uterine cavity. Division continues and once fluid appears inside the morula, the embryo is called a blastocyst. The blastocyst contains primitive villi - the chorion (hence the name of the hormone - "chorionic gonadotropin"), with the help of which the process of implantation begins.

What happens in the female body while the fertilized egg moves through the fallopian tube? The uterus is getting ready to receive the fertilized egg. If in the first phase the inner lining of the uterus, which is called the endometrium, grows (cells divide and grow), then in the second half of the cycle, after ovulation, they are saturated with nutrients - this phase is also called the secretion phase, while the first phase of the cycle is called the phase proliferation. Although the thickness of the endometrium plays a certain role in the attachment of the fetal egg in the uterus, the quality of the endometrium plays a much larger role, which is achieved precisely in the second phase of the cycle due to the increase in progesterone levels. Many women run to endless ultrasounds to measure the thickness of the endometrium. Normally, in most women of reproductive age, the endometrium has a thickness of 5-8 mm (average values).

And now let's continue our journey through the female body not in the direction of the movement of a fertilized egg, but let's talk about pregnancy hormones, or rather, about those substances that can appear in the blood and other fluids of a woman with the advent of pregnancy. Very often women ask me what is their chance of getting pregnant within one monthly cycle. This question is related to another: how can you know that a woman is pregnant?

So, I will remind you that the egg matures in the first half of the cycle, but while it is inside the follicle, fertilization is impossible. However, it is always important to remember that sperm can stay in the fallopian tubes for up to 7 days and remain fertile for up to 5 days. This means that the closer sexual intercourse is to the time of ovulation, the greater the chance of pregnancy. And since no one knows exactly when ovulation will occur - the moment (not a period of time!) Of the release of the egg, then it is not worth speculating with the exact definition of this moment when seriously planning a pregnancy.

If we talk about the chance of pregnancy in a healthy woman of young reproductive age (20-26 years), then in several medical sources you will find a figure of 22% per month. How was this percentage determined? How true is he? What is meant by this chance?

To understand what exactly is the chance of getting pregnant and giving birth to a child on time in a healthy woman, let's talk about how pregnancy can be diagnosed in the early stages. Many of you will immediately mention pregnancy tests. Quite right, these tests can determine pregnancy when implantation has already occurred, and the level of pregnancy hormone in the urine has reached those levels when the tests can “catch” this rise in hormonal levels. But until then, is there no pregnancy? How can it be defined?

Let's start with the well-known hormone of pregnancy (and not only pregnancy) - progesterone. Where does a woman get progesterone from? It is produced by the ovaries, especially the area where ovulation has occurred. The follicle burst, the egg is released, and the volume of the burst follicle is quickly filled with blood (which on ultrasound may look like bleeding in the ovary and which shocks some illiterate doctors, and they refer such a woman to an urgent operation), and while the egg travels through the fallopian tube, formation occurs two main types of cells in the ruptured follicle, which becomes the corpus luteum. Some cells begin to intensively produce progesterone so that while the egg travels, the uterus has time to prepare for its acceptance. Other cells produce female sex hormones (estrogens) and male sex hormones (androgens) in small amounts. Due to the increase in the level of progesterone, the endometrium of the uterus becomes "juicy", loose, filled with a large number of substances important for the implantation of the fetal egg.

The period of implantation and attachment of the fetal egg doctors call the implantation window. Outside this window, attachment of the fetal egg is impossible! If, under the influence of external and internal factors, this period is shortened, or the staging of changes in the endometrium is disturbed, implantation may also be disturbed and result in a miscarriage.

The peak level of progesterone in the blood is reached approximately 5-7 days after ovulation, and this shows the amazing rationality of female nature. Having reached the uterine cavity on the 4-6th day after ovulation and conception (this is the third week of pregnancy!), the fetal egg (blastocyst) is in it from one to three days in a “suspended state”, that is, being not yet attached to the uterine wall . It turns out that there is already a pregnancy, but, on the other hand, it is not yet, because the fetal egg can be removed by the uterus before its implantation, and the woman will not know about it. This is not as scary and terrible as some might think. Most often, defective fetal eggs are removed that cannot attach to the wall of the uterus. During these 2-3 days of being in a "suspended state", the fetal egg releases special substances that suppress the mother's defenses, because it is a foreign body for the mother's body. Progesterone, in turn, suppresses the contractility of the muscles of the uterus, that is, it calms its reaction to a foreign body, relaxes the uterus, allowing the fetal egg to implant. Thus, the process of implantation begins, or the introduction-attachment of the fetal egg to one of the walls of the uterus.

An increase in the level of progesterone also leads to the fact that special formations appear in the endometrium - pinopods, which somewhat resemble tentacles (fingers). They appear between days 19 and 21 of the menstrual cycle and last only 2-3 days (with a 28-day cycle). Their appearance leads to the fact that the uterus decreases in size, as if shrinking due to these protrusions inward, and the cavity itself also decreases in size, bringing the walls of the uterus closer to the fetal egg floating in it - nature reduces the distance between the uterus and the fetal egg for its successful attachments. While the fetal egg is not attached to the uterus, the intrauterine fluid secreted by endometrial cells under the influence of high levels of progesterone becomes its source of nutrition.

It is important to understand that the maximum increase in progesterone is observed not on the 21-22nd day of the menstrual cycle, but on the 5-7th day after ovulation. Did you catch the difference? With a 28-day cycle, this will be the 21st day, and with cycles shorter or longer than 28 days, the peak of the increase in progesterone will fall on other days of the menstrual cycle. Those doctors who do not understand or do not know the specifics of fluctuating hormone levels in women send their patients to determine the hormonal background on certain days of the cycle, and if the level of progesterone is lower than what they expect to receive on the 21st day, a deficiency is immediately diagnosed progesterone phase and treatment in the form of progesterone is prescribed, which is extremely wrong and can have many side effects for the entire female reproductive system. Because progesterone suppresses ovulation! If you take it before ovulation, do not expect pregnancy.

And now I will reveal to you another secret of conception. Is it possible to know that a woman is pregnant even before implantation? Some women say that they feel some strange sensations inside them, indescribable in words, even before the delay of menstruation. And what, in this case, is the biochemical stage of pregnancy, when there is supposedly a pregnancy, but implantation has not yet occurred?

It turns out that you can know that conception has occurred literally in a matter of hours. In 1974, the first data on the so-called early pregnancy factor (Early Preganancy Factor) appeared in the medical literature, although it was known as early as 1968. For more than forty years, scientists have been arguing what this factor is by chemical nature, since during this period of time it was found that from the first minutes after fertilization, the egg secretes several types of proteins (peptides, proteins), which are different in structure, but are factors , giving a signal to the entire mother's body about restructuring it into a pregnancy mode. Recent data suggests that Chaperonin-10 may be such a substance.

Early pregnancy factor can be detected in a woman's blood within 24-48 hours after conception. The level of this factor increases in the first trimester, but the factor disappears completely before childbirth. Studies have shown that in healthy women of reproductive age with a menstrual cycle of 18-28 days, this factor was detected after unprotected intercourse in 67% of cases. Thus, the chance of conceiving a child in a healthy young woman is 67% per month. Other data confirmed these figures with slight percentage fluctuations. However, the early pregnancy factor decreases immediately after the death of the embryo. Therefore, it turned out that in 78% of cases of conception, embryos die due to their inferiority. This means that 22% of embryos are successfully implanted, and pregnancy will be confirmed by the appearance of human chorionic gonadotropin in the woman's blood. In other words, about 80% of all conceptions do not end in pregnancy. About 20% of conceived pregnancies are carried to term. But is it?

In reality, what is the chance of not just conception, but the occurrence of pregnancy, which can be diagnosed by traditional methods, taking into account the data that I have given above? It turns out that not 22% (this figure applies to all live embryos that can be implanted). The real figure will be 14.5% with each monthly cycle - this is an indicator of the chance not only to conceive a child, but also to implant and develop a pregnancy until the moment when it is diagnosed by other methods.

Why do embryos die in such a large number? According to the law of natural selection. Most often due to defective genetic material, as well as due to a defect in the fetal egg. In 90-92% of cases of frozen and aborted implanted pregnancies (from 4 to 12 weeks), the cause of pregnancy loss lies in defects in the ovum. The older a woman is, the less likely she is not only to conceive a child, but to have a normally progressing pregnancy.

Of all those pregnancies that are clinically confirmed (not only by a positive pregnancy test, but also by ultrasound, and elevated levels of hCG in the blood), 5-20% end in spontaneous termination before 20 weeks. According to European data, the level of diagnosed spontaneous miscarriages is very low - 2-5%. We are talking about those pregnancies that will not be interrupted artificially at the request of women. About 40% of missed pregnancies in the early stages are associated with anembryonic pregnancy, that is, a pregnancy without a developing embryo inside the fetal egg - an empty egg. If an empty fetal egg is found in a woman, there is no need to grab her head and lose consciousness. This is a fairly common occurrence in the lives of women planning a pregnancy. Usually, the uterus throws out such a fetal egg on its own, and women do not need cleaning. Alas, most often women are “put under a curette”, and worst of all, they can be so “zealously cleaned” that they remove the functional layer of the endometrium and make the woman infertile for the rest of her life.

There is also another phenomenon - the first pregnancies are most often interrupted. In other words, for most women, the first pregnancy is not successful. Again, you don’t need to panic and grieve about this, just as you don’t need to “dig” in yourself for a long time in search of the cause of pregnancy loss. You can understand such an unpleasant incident of female nature. A fetal egg is a foreign body for a woman, and in order for it to take root in the uterus, a multi-stage process of “getting used” to this foreign body takes place. It is believed that the immune response of women who have not had pregnancies to the first pregnancy is very aggressive - the female body is just learning to “interact” with the product of the concept. This leads to the fact that implantation may not be very successful and the uterus throws out the fetal egg.

If the embryo dies, the level of the early pregnancy factor decreases and disappears from the woman's body within a day. Low levels of the factor are found in women with ectopic pregnancy, as well as in unsuccessful embryo implantation after IVF (in vitro fertilization). If a pregnant woman does not have an early pregnancy factor, then the prognosis of such a pregnancy is poor.

It would seem that you can finally know whether a woman is pregnant or not even from the first hours after conception. However, the method for determining the early factor of pregnancy has not found practical application. Why? First, there is still no clear idea of ​​what this factor is. Secondly, how ethical is it to say to a woman: “Congratulations, conception took place, but you have almost an 80% chance of losing an embryo”? Many women do not understand the difference between conception and pregnancy. The latter is not understood as the biochemical phase of pregnancy, which lasts from the moment of conception to the moment of successful implantation, but pregnancy as such, which can be diagnosed by several methods and is accompanied by signs of pregnancy (delayed menstruation, a positive test for hCG, the presence of a fetal egg with an embryo in the uterine cavity ). Thirdly, scientists and doctors are completely powerless in regulating the manifestation of the law of nature by discarding what is defective. Is it necessary to interfere with this law, trying to take on the role of God? Imagine the colossal disappointment of women, especially with a number of reproductive system problems that will create an additional infertility factor for themselves - stressful, running around the laboratories after each sexual intercourse in search of an early pregnancy factor.

Some doctors try to determine the early factor of pregnancy in cervical mucus in women after IVF, which may be a sign of successful or unsuccessful implantation, but such a determination is more experimental than practical.

But back to the implantation process. Most often, implantation takes place along the back wall of the uterus, since by nature this wall is thicker, saturated with a large number of vessels, and is located in the depths of the small pelvis - nature tries to protect future offspring with all its "devices". Many ultrasound doctors do not know that the posterior wall of the uterus is thicker than the anterior one, and they often scare a woman with “uterine hypertonicity”. This diagnosis is absurd and belongs to the category of diagnoses “you can’t imagine it on purpose”. In other cases, the attachment of the fetal egg can pass along the anterior wall of the uterus, sometimes along the side walls of the uterus. Other types of implantation are not the norm, but this does not mean that pregnancy in such cases will not progress, even if the attachment of the ovum occurred in an unusual place.

Another feature of the implantation process is the occurrence of a kind of inflammatory reaction at the site of attachment of the fetal egg. As I mentioned above, a fertilized fetal egg is already a representative of a new life, and therefore a foreign body for a woman. Therefore, when it is implanted, a certain struggle arises between the mother and the unborn child: to accept or not to accept - that is the question! When doctors transplant an organ, they understand that in order for it to take root, it is necessary to suppress the body's defenses. At the same time, signs of unexpressed inflammation in the area of ​​transplantation are a good prognostic criterion that an organ or biological tissue (skin, for example) will be well engrafted. The area of ​​inflammation is characterized by improved blood supply (and therefore redness), delivery and production of many useful substances, as well as the creation of a "fence" - a kind of barrier that limits the area of ​​inflammation from other tissues of the body. The same thing happens at the site of implantation of the fetal egg - a focus of inflammation is created, which improves the process of implantation, and, on the other hand, limits the influence of the entire female body on the unborn child. If during this period a woman takes drugs that suppress the inflammatory response (aspirin, ibuprofen, etc.), the implantation process may be disrupted.

When the implantation process begins, it is, in fact, 3 weeks of pregnancy, in terms of modern medicine. The process of attaching the ovum itself takes two weeks, so early pregnancy losses are observed as a result of poor implantation, and are most often interrupted when menstruation is delayed by 7-14 days, that is, 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. But while there is a delay in menstruation, the woman does not even suspect that she is pregnant, and therefore continues to take a number of medications, alcohol, and smokes. If you are planning a pregnancy, it is very important to be careful about taking a number of diagnostic tests and taking medications, as well as alcohol, in the second half of the menstrual cycle. If treatment cannot be delayed because it is needed, try not to have an open sex life in the middle of the menstrual cycle and be careful about planning a pregnancy at such periods of your life.

Very often I receive letters from women who, in fear for their unborn child, are ready to have an abortion only because they had to take antibiotics, hormones and other drugs before their period, and they did not know that they were already pregnant at that time. The normal progress of pregnancy is the best indicator of the normal development of the child, so in such cases you do not need to grab your head and run to an abortion clinic. One termination of pregnancy can result in infertility for the rest of your life, and there are many such cases.

Although the first two weeks of attachment of the fetal egg play a very important role in relation to the future prognosis of pregnancy, however, in general, attachment takes place up to 20 weeks, until the placenta is fully formed and it begins to function at full strength.

The fetal egg, attaching to the wall of the uterus, begins to secrete a special pregnancy hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which, entering the woman's bloodstream, maintains the function of the corpus luteum in one of the ovaries for the constant production of progesterone until the placenta takes on such a role . There is a close direct relationship between these two hormones: if implantation goes badly (most often due to a defective ovum), then the amount of hCG will not be enough, and the function of the corpus luteum will begin to fade, which will lead to a lack of progesterone to support pregnancy. The additional appointment of progesterone in case of poor-quality attachment of the fetal egg does not improve the situation, with the exception of those cases when artificial insemination and embryo transfer are carried out, since in such cases the woman does not have her corpus luteum. HCG is also an immunosuppressive substance, that is, one that suppresses the mother's defenses, preventing her from rejecting the attached fetal egg.

During pregnancy, the corpus luteum becomes the corpus luteum of pregnancy, and it supports the development of pregnancy in the early stages, until the placenta begins to secrete special substances that inhibit the work of the corpus luteum, since it itself will produce enough progesterone and other hormonal substances for the normal development of pregnancy. Thus, the fetus with fetal membranes and a child's place become independent of the mother's hormonal level, which manifests the mechanism of self-defense of a new life.

If pregnancy does not occur, then the corpus luteum functions for approximately 14 days (therefore, the second phase of the cycle is always more stable than the first), the level of progesterone slowly decreases, and as a result, a scar forms in place of the corpus luteum, which is called the white body.

When a number of pregnancy factors and hCG enter the bloodstream of a woman, we are talking about the biochemical stage of early pregnancy. Usually women do not feel changes in their body, up to a delay in menstruation. And only a few out of several thousand or tens of thousands of women can feel certain changes in their bodies associated with the onset of pregnancy. However, it will not be nausea and vomiting, or bloating, breast tenderness - all this will appear later. These will be specific sensations, very individual, which many women cannot describe - most likely, the feeling of the presence of a new life in their body. Before the delay of menstruation, almost all women do not realize that they are pregnant, although many hope so.

Thus, considering the whole process of conception and implantation, it is important to understand that at the beginning of the next menstruation you are already at least 4-4.5 weeks pregnant, although you were not pregnant for the first two weeks! And there is still at least 8 months of pregnancy ahead. Therefore, do not turn the beginning of pregnancy into a rush, winding around pharmacies and ultrasound rooms, do not panic if everything is in order, because the unborn child needs peace of your body and soul. It amazes me that some women start doing endless pregnancy tests or run around for ultrasounds, and almost pass out if the test is negative or the ultrasound can not find anything. Calmness and patience are essential attributes of motherhood, so if you do not have them or they are not developed enough, start working on creating them today.

Now let's talk about traditional methods of diagnosing pregnancy.

A normal pregnancy is considered to last from 266 days (38 weeks) to 294 days (42 weeks) - an average of 280 days (40 weeks) - from the first day of the last menstrual period. This period takes 9 months of the calendar, but in obstetrics one month is 4 weeks - a lunar month. Doctors do not like the word "month", but prefer the word "week", so the gestational age is set in weeks and days (for example, 20 weeks 5 days). Not only women, but many doctors, especially the old school, define the term in different ways, which often brings more confusion than clarity to the interpretation of many data. Some consider the gestational age from the day of conception (concept), however, not all women know the exact day of conception, since the menstrual cycle is not always monitored.

So, the gestational age is determined from the first day of the last menstruation, provided that the menstrual cycles are regular, that is, their duration is 26-30 days, and an average of 28 days. If the cycle lasts 35-40 days, then a certain number of days are subtracted, or ultrasound is most often used at 11-14 weeks to clarify the gestational age and conduct prenatal genetic screening.

Traditionally, obstetricians use three methods to diagnose pregnancy: clinical signs of pregnancy, which include complaints and examination of the woman, determination of pregnancy hormones in the woman's serum and urine, and ultrasonography (ultrasound). Often a combination of several methods is used.

The very concept of “diagnosis: pregnancy” is not entirely accurate, because pregnancy is not a disease, but only a temporary state of a woman. Many doctors use the term "gestation", which also refers to the state of pregnancy, so the duration of the pregnancy is called the gestational age, and the entire period of pregnancy is called the gestational period. Another name for pregnancy is "gravida". It is often used to indicate the number of pregnancies a woman has. For example, "gravida 3" means that a woman has had three pregnancies.

Although pregnancy is a special condition for a woman, it is not a pathological condition. The word "pathological" comes from the Greek word "pathos", which means "suffering". Even if pregnancy is accompanied by a feeling of discomfort, unpleasant sensations, this is not a state of illness - and this is important to remember for both women and doctors. Reminds me of an old joke:

A young man and woman enter the bus. The man immediately shouted into the crowd:

“Come on, step aside and give way to a pregnant woman!”

People look around, look at the woman, and she is thin, slender - pregnant and "does not smell."

“So you can’t see that the woman was pregnant!” - someone says.

- Do you want the pregnancy to be visible immediately after intercourse? - the man is outraged.

This is exactly how some women behave (and there are many of them!): they didn’t have time to “sleep” with a man, when they immediately fall into the excitement of “childbearing fever”: “Oh, I'm pregnant! There was something growling in the lower abdomen ... An urgent need to take a pregnancy test. And run to the ultrasound. And tell a fortune teller. Although I didn’t dream of a fish, maybe I just forgot what I dreamed about. ” And in such a "spirit".

The first sign of pregnancy is a missed period. Let's start with this. However, 25% of women have spotting, and even bleeding, in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, which can be implantation bleeding, false menstruation, or a sign of miscarriage. Menstruation can also be late, a common normal occurrence in many women's lives. In such cases, you must wait 7-14 days, and then you can take a pregnancy test. If the pregnancy is desired, then you should not rush somewhere in search of something terrible and terrible (for example, an ectopic pregnancy). Who seeks will always find! Therefore, look for a normal pregnancy, or rather, accept it into your life patiently and with joy.

Some women develop soreness in the chest, sometimes a tingling sensation, the chest "poured" and becomes sensitive to touch. This usually happens after 6 weeks of pregnancy. Before menstruation, the breasts can also be painful. It is not advisable to use a sign of changes in the mammary glands to diagnose pregnancy.

The bladder can send signals of frequent urination, especially at night, which some women and doctors perceive as an inflammation of the bladder. The problem is not the growth of the uterus - it is still normal in size or slightly enlarged, but it sends a huge amount of signals along the nerve fibers to the lumbar spinal cord. The peculiarity of the nerve plexuses in the pelvic area is that the signals that come from the pelvic organs are often "mixed" at the level of these plexuses and further, entering the brain, are not always perceived by a person correctly. Thus, the overstrain of nerve impulses due to the entry of the uterus into its completely new state in quality leads to the fact that a woman feels discomfort in the bladder, appendages, and lower back. The pain is usually migratory, changing the place of sensation several times a day: either in the right side it pricked, then in the left, then in front, then behind.

A small number of women complain of general weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, changes in the sense of smell and taste. Judging only by these signs of pregnancy in the absence of a delay in menstruation or a slight delay is not worth it, but you must be prepared for pregnancy too.

A doctor's examination can clarify the diagnosis of pregnancy if this examination is not carried out too early, that is, not immediately after conception, and not 1-2 days after a missed period. The cervix begins to soften at 4-6 weeks of pregnancy, but not every doctor can determine this. At about 6 weeks, the color of the cervix becomes cyanotic, due to an increase in the blood supply to the uterus. At 6-8 weeks, the doctor may detect softening of the isthmus between the body and the cervix. The uterus is located in the small pelvis, the upper limit of which is the level of the pubis. Up to 12 weeks of pregnancy (3 months), the size of the uterus does not go beyond the small pelvis, and only by 12 weeks the upper border of the uterus (bottom) reaches the level of the pubis. The size of the uterus resembles a man's fist by this time. But since there is a lot of space in the pelvis, the circumference of the abdomen / waist does not actually change. In addition, if a woman has nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, which often happens, especially during the first pregnancy, then it is possible that even a slight loss of body weight may occur. The tilt of the uterus also changes, that is, its body straightens, and by 12 weeks of pregnancy there are no more forward or backward bends (bend). By 20 weeks, the bottom of the uterus reaches the level of the navel. By the way, the bend of the uterus, which women are so terribly afraid of, is the normal position of the uterus and occurs in 30% of healthy women. It does not affect the process of conception and implantation of the fetal egg.

Determination of pregnancy hormones is one of the methods of diagnosis. Doctors use this method not so much to determine the presence of pregnancy, but its progress, and to diagnose ectopic pregnancy in most cases. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the cells of the fetal egg, from which the placenta is then formed. Even in the absence of an embryo in the ovum (empty ovum), the level of hCG in a woman can be elevated. With a number of tumors of the ovaries and rarely other organs, hCG can be produced.

The peculiarity of hCG is that in its structure it consists of two subunits - alpha and beta: ?-hCG subunit is the same in structure with the same subunit of other hormones of the female body (luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, thyrotropic), but ?-hCG subunit unique in its structure and characteristic of hCG pregnancy. Therefore, most often in the blood serum of a woman is determined? -HCh.

This pregnancy hormone must reach a certain level before it can be detected in a woman's serum. The level of the hormone is measured in special units - miles - international (international) units per 1 ml of blood plasma (mU / ml, mIU / ml), and in the blood it can be detected on the 6-8th day after conception, that is, on the 21-23rd day menstrual cycle, and the urine of a woman on the 8-9th day after conception.

There are four main laboratory methods for determining ?-hCG. Each of them is designed for a certain minimum level of this hormone in the blood or urine of a woman. Values ​​below 5 mU/mL are considered negative for pregnancy, all values ​​above 25 mU/mL are considered positive for pregnancy. But again, I repeat that a single measurement of the level of hCG in the blood serum of a woman is not of great practical importance, and is used by doctors extremely rarely to diagnose pregnancy.

The first four weeks after conception, hCG levels rise rapidly, doubling every 2 days. To be more precise, the process of quantitatively doubling the level of the hormone is 2.2 + 0.8 days for the first 4 weeks. After 6-7 weeks of pregnancy, its growth rate slows down slightly, and doubling can take up to 3.5-4 days. In 85% of pregnant women, hCG levels double every 48-72 hours, but it is believed that the increase in levels may be slower, which does not mean that the pregnancy does not progress and the woman will have an unhealthy baby. Having reached maximum levels at 9-10 weeks, the production of hCG decreases, and after 16 weeks it remains at the level of 6-7 weeks of pregnancy. In the second half of pregnancy, the level of this hormone is only 10% of the maximum at 10 weeks. Before childbirth, the level of the hormone rises slightly again.

A decrease in the level of hCG after 10 weeks characterizes the process of transformation of the child's place (placenta) into an organ of nutrient transport. In other words, the main role of the placenta is not hormonal, but transport: it is a bridge between the mother and the fetus, through which the metabolism and the supply of necessary nutrients to the child take place.

Women, on the other hand, can’t wait to know about their pregnancy, so over the past decade, pregnancy tests have gained immense popularity, when hCG is detected in a woman’s urine. Such tests are commercial in the first place, so not all are of high quality, and there is no special control over the production of such tests. Some companies promise a positive pregnancy test almost 2-3 days after conception. If pregnancy is not desired, then it is understandable that some women want to find out about their pregnancy as soon as possible and have an abortion. I have received more than one letter from women whom doctors "cleaned up" even before the delay of menstruation or with a delay of 1-2 days, which does not fit into the canons of modern medicine.

There are many pregnancy tests using a woman's urine that can be obtained from a pharmacy, but none of them has an advantage, and each has its own disadvantages. According to some manufacturers of these tests, the sensitivity of the test is 99% and they allow you to determine the presence of pregnancy a few days before menstruation. However, these tests are designed for a certain minimum level of hCG in the urine - from 25 to 2500 mU / ml, which is usually observed at the 5th week of pregnancy. A comparative study of several types of such tests showed that the most reliable results can be obtained at a urinary hCG level of 100 mU / ml for 44% of such tests. Many tests give "foggy" results, when the second line is not clearly visible. The test is considered positive when both lines are clear. Therefore, interpretation of home test results can be difficult and often requires a repeat test.

Like all diagnostic laboratory methods, determining the level of hCG in the blood can give a false positive or false negative result. False-positive results are rare (0.01-1%), and are observed in the presence of certain types of antibodies in the blood (in workers of livestock farms, zoos), rheumatoid factor, LH. Usually, to clarify the diagnosis, hCG is determined in the urine. False-negative tests?-hCG in the blood are even rarer, and are associated with technical errors in the determination of this hormone. A false-negative result in the determination of hCG in the urine is more common and is associated with a weak concentration of urine or too early a test. A false positive test can occur when using certain medications, such as hCG to induce ovulation.

Although the placenta and fetus produce many other substances, their presence in the blood of a woman is not a reliable sign of pregnancy, since these substances can be produced by the mother's body, or their level in early pregnancy is so low that it is technically possible to determine the presence of these substances in the mother's blood or its other fluids and tissues difficult.

The third method doctors use to diagnose pregnancy is ultrasound. Around the ultrasound created a real stir by the women themselves. If foreign doctors strictly do not recommend performing ultrasound in early pregnancy only to determine its presence or term, with the exception of a number of indications, then doctors in the post-Soviet countries not only encourage early ultrasound, but also perform them several times in a row in the first weeks of pregnancy. This speculative use of ultrasound is more commercial than practical in diagnosis. And the women themselves have turned ultrasound into almost an object of admiration and a panacea.

Why do foreign doctors perform ultrasound in early pregnancy according to strict indications? Ultrasound in early pregnancy is very uninformative, so you can make a lot of false-negative and false-positive conclusions. When the process of attaching the fetal egg is in progress, the uterus needs rest. Interference in this process with vaginal sensors just to see if there is a pregnancy or not can result in a violation of the implantation process and termination of pregnancy. Determining the gestational age up to 11-12 weeks has a wide range of errors, which means it can be very inaccurate. This is a completely false idea that the earlier an ultrasound is done, the more accurately the gestational age will be determined.

With a vaginal probe, a gestational sac with a diameter of 2-3 mm can be seen at 4 weeks and 3 days (delayed menstruation by 3 days with a cycle of 28 days). The yolk sac is the first structural part of the fetal egg, which confirms the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy, it can be seen when the size of the fetal sac is 5-6 mm, that is, not earlier than 5 weeks. From 5 to 7 weeks, the gestational sac should grow 1 mm per day. An embryo can be detected with a vaginal probe when the embryo measures 1-2 mm, which corresponds to 5 weeks of pregnancy.

Ultrasound doctors use other criteria for diagnosing pregnancy, taking into account the level of hCG in the blood. You can see a fetal egg at an hCG level of at least 1000-2000 mU / ml, and according to the recommendations of most medical associations and societies, it is desirable to conduct an ultrasound scan at an hCG level of more than 2000 mU / ml. In most cases, a clear heartbeat of the embryo can only be detected when it is 5 mm in size, which corresponds to 6-7 weeks of pregnancy. At 5.5-6.5 weeks of pregnancy, the heart rate of the embryo should be 100 beats per minute. Over the next three weeks, the rhythm accelerates and reaches 180 beats per minute.

So, in order not to jump to conclusions, to make a pregnancy diagnosis, there must be one or more signs of pregnancy, as well as a positive result when using one of the diagnostic methods.

The entire period of pregnancy is divided into three parts - trimesters. This division is determined by the fact that each trimester has its own characteristics in the development of the fetus and changes in the female body, as well as its own specific complications of pregnancy and the causes of these complications.

The first trimester lasts from the beginning of conception to 12 weeks (some doctors define this period up to 14 weeks). The second trimester lasts from 12 to 28 weeks. And the third trimester lasts from 28 weeks to delivery (38-40 weeks). The greatest number of pregnancy losses occurs in the first trimester, which is explained by the action of natural selection, when nature itself discards defective fetal eggs and embryos. The closer to childbirth, the more pregnancy complications can occur on the part of the mother, while on the part of the fetus, on the contrary, the frequency of complications decreases. A child up to 12 weeks is called an embryo, and after 12 weeks and before birth, a fetus. Each trimester has a specific set of tests to help determine if the pregnancy is progressing normally.

A woman listens to her feelings, trying to notice any possible signs of a conception that has taken place. In fact, in the first week of pregnancy after conception, obvious symptoms are mild, but they are still there. In the female body, certain changes begin to occur, which indicate the development of a new life.

By 1 week, the baby is embedded in the epithelial tissues of the uterus. Starts to develop chorionic gonadotropin.

It's unambiguous offensive sign pregnancy. You can find this in two ways:

• Pass a clinical blood test for.
• Do it yourself using morning urine, which has the highest concentration of hCG after conception.

PECULIARITY! Not all women have a level of chorionic gonadotropin at 1 week that exceeds the norm, thereby signaling pregnancy. If the result is negative, this does not mean that conception did not occur.

Then you can listen to change in the body, internal sensations. With developed sensitivity, it is easy to understand what signals the body sends if a new life is born in it.

What happens at 1 week of pregnancy?

After conception, the fertilized egg moves through the fallopian tubes to the uterus, which is preparing to receive it. Pregnancy in the first week is a conditional time during which woman's body undergoes important changes, preparing for the development of the fetus.

is in the stage of crushing, while moving through the fallopian tubes, gradually increasing in size. Help them move special cilia and contractions of the walls of the fallopian tubes.

Unfertilized eggs die after 12-24 hours, and the fertilized egg, when it enters the uterus, into it. Changes begin in the body, the hormonal background is rebuilt.

Condition of the uterus

Changes at the beginning of pregnancy mostly start in the uterus. At an early stage of the origin of life, structural changes begin in the female womb. There are chemical processes that affect the entire body of the expectant mother.

The uterus has the following features:

• Practically does not change its location.
• It becomes soft, and the neck is compacted.
• A mucous plug is formed in the area, preventing the penetration of pathogens into the reproductive organ. So the fetus, while in the uterus, is protected from infection.

May occur slightly drawing pains in the abdomen, as a result of relaxation of the pelvic ligaments. So the body of a woman prepares for the upcoming birth.

Breast

Dairy the glands of the expectant mother become sensitive, increases the elasticity of the breast.

From 1 week, the breast grows, increases in size.

But not all expectant mothers have it denser immediately after conception.

PECULIARITY! If in some women breast swelling occurs immediately, then in some this does not happen even within a month. Each organism is individual. The first signs of pregnancy are best considered not individually, but in combination.

The thickening and growing breasts of the expectant mother require careful treatment. You need to choose the right underwear, so that it does not restrict breathing, be comfortable and made of natural materials.

Stomach

At an early stage woman's belly does not grow. A barely noticeable rounding appears only in mothers with experience, and even then not immediately. At the time of implantation of the egg or in the process of contraction of the fallopian tubes, when the embryo moves towards the uterus, slight pulling pains in the abdomen may disturb.

If pain sensations pass quickly and do not cause noticeable discomfort- no need to worry. A similar phenomenon is the norm in the first week of pregnancy. When the pulling pains intensify, profuse spotting begins, this is already a reason to see a doctor.

What happens to the fetus?

Doesn't exist yet concept of a fetus. The future baby is just a fertilized egg that travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus to be implanted in its walls.

But he already carries half of the mother's genetic material and half of dad's. By the end of the week, the embryo is implanted in the epithelial tissues of the uterus.

The egg is dividing and getting bigger. The formation of the placenta, umbilical cord begins. At this moment, the embryo is still small, it is even cannot be seen on ultrasound, but he is closely related to his mother.

A woman can turn to the baby, talk to him. Such close contact has a positive effect on its further development.

Changes in the mother's body

First changes indicate the very fact of the onset of pregnancy. Some of them are noticeable only during a gynecological examination, but most of the changes can be noticed by the woman herself.

These include the following:

• The uterus slightly increases, its surface softens.
• The mucous membrane of the vagina turns blue a little.
• There is no menstruation and related processes.

INTERESTING! If a woman ovulates late or coincides with the start of the next menstrual cycle, scanty periods may occur in the first week. In the absence of severe pain, this is considered the norm. But in the following months, the expectant mother should not have menstruation, otherwise there will be a threat of miscarriage.

• The hormonal background is being rebuilt.
• Frequent urination, constipation.

Changes are due to the preparation of the body for bearing and the safe birth of a child. All systems and organs adjust to the process of fetal development.

The main signs of conception

In the first week after conception, a woman may have a condition similar to the period of menstruation.

The woman at this time observed:

• Delayed menstruation - with a regular cycle.
• Pain of unknown origin.
• Heaviness in the region of the uterus.
• Bloating, as if it were bursting. The clothes seem to be tight, although the tummy is not growing yet.
• Tingling in the chest, its swelling.
• Drops in blood pressure.
• Emotional instability.
• Darkening of the nipples.
• Disturbed by flatulence.
• Change in the nature of vaginal discharge.

So woman's body beeps about the onset of pregnancy.

Feel

By this time, the fertilized egg should implant in the uterus. This is a dangerous time- There is a high chance of miscarriage.

ATTENTION! The immune system of a woman initially perceives the fetus as a foreign body that poses a threat to the body. This is especially true for expectant mothers with good immunity.

So that the body of the expectant mother does not get rid of from an egg attached to the uterus, immunity is slightly weakened. In this regard, the woman feels a slight malaise, lethargy. Body temperature may rise, often sleepy.

Nausea worries in the morning increased sensitivity to smells and food. There are bizarre and new taste preferences. Some women want to chew on chalk if there is a significant lack of calcium in the body. Loss or increase of appetite.

Allocations

Among the main signs of pregnancy are implantation bleeding. It occurs after the introduction of the egg into the uterine cavity.

After successful attachment of the embryo to the uterus barely visible pinkish or brown discharge. They have a smearing character. Sometimes the selection can simply not be noticed.

By duration implantation bleeding cannot last more than two days. If longer - this is already a deviation from the norm and a reason to seek the advice of a specialist.

If a woman's discharge becomes bloody and their volume increases, and along the way, there is a sharp pulling pain in the lower abdomen, urgent need to see a doctor. Any increased bleeding during this period is a risk of miscarriage.

What will the ultrasound show?

In the first week after conception, there is no need to do an ultrasound if the woman feels great. This can harm the baby, so it is recommended to conduct an ultrasound examination no earlier than three months or as prescribed by a doctor in exceptional cases.

Ultrasound can show the presence of abnormalities. These include:

• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Cyst or tumor.
• Inflammatory process.

During normal pregnancy the study may show the absence of a dominant follicle, because ovulation is no longer expected, and conception has already occurred.

But this cannot be regarded as a clear indication pregnancy to those who are looking forward to it, because women have menstrual cycles without ovulation - 1 or 2 times a year, and this is considered the norm.

How to properly prepare for the process of bearing a child?

In order for the baby of the expectant mother to be born healthy, and the process of bearing it proceeded safely, a woman needs to be taken care of about your health. When planning a pregnancy, you need to pay attention to many factors.

Playing sports is a great way for a future mother to prepare for pregnancy and childbearing. It is especially worth taking time for your body.

Morning or evening slow run trains endurance improves the functioning of the respiratory system. After regular jogging, women strengthen their back and legs.

If conception has already occurred, running is contraindicated. Then the expectant mother can swim in the pool, do yoga for pregnant women, and walk.

Kegel exercises

With the help of a specific complex women develop vaginal muscles. When mastering the exercises, it is easier to endure childbirth. The expectant mother reduces the risk of injuries and ruptures by increasing the elasticity of the muscles of the vagina.

Exercises you can do it yourself and at home or contact a specialist by signing up for individual or group training.

positive attitude

woman it is desirable to set yourself up for the best, think in a positive way. Pleasant emotions have a beneficial effect on the development of the baby. Expectant mother can listen to beautiful music - classical works, sounds of nature. This woman calms, pacifies.

Contribute to the good mood of the expectant mother full sleep lasting 8-10 hours, regular walks on the street. At the same time, a woman needs to choose comfortable clothes and shoes so as not to injure herself and the baby.

If you want to give birth to a healthy baby, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle. It is advisable to start at least six months before the expected conception.

During this time it is necessary to identify possible hidden pathologies, overcome bad habits.

If pregnancy has already occurred, then you can not experiment with your body. Any sudden changes in health will not add.

First, a woman wants consult a gynecologist, undergo a medical examination to ensure that the reproductive and digestive systems are working properly.

Future mother you need to pay attention to the hormonal background. It is good if, before the moment of conception, the expectant mother will put things in order with her teeth.

A woman must pass the following tests:

• Blood for sugar.
• A test for toxoplasmosis if there are pets in the apartment.
• Rh factor blood.

In order for the baby to develop comfortably in the mother's womb, a woman must follow the recommendations of doctors:

• Eat small meals, but often. Don't starve yourself or overeat.
• Sleep well. Healthy sleep is good for both mom and baby.
• Take vitamins.
• To walk outside.
• Perform breathing exercises for general relaxation of the body.
• Avoid stress.
• Do not come into contact with people infected with viral infections.
• Rest early.
• Stick to a diet.

it help the female body cope with the burden placed on him during pregnancy.

Diet

At an early stage of pregnancy, there should be a sufficient amount of nutrients in the products that make up the menu of the expectant mother.

In the first week of the term in the diet of women should be present:

• Low-fat varieties of meat in boiled or stewed form.
• Fatty fish rich in omega acids.

• Fresh fruits, fruits, vegetables, herbs.
• Dairy products. It is advisable to drink whole milk or consume yogurt daily.

Sugar for a future mother is possible, but not more than 50 g per day. You can use honey instead of sugar. Animal fats are best replaced vegetable oil. The method of preparation is also important. It is highly undesirable to get involved in fried, spicy, smoked dishes. It is better to replace them with steamed, stewed or boiled food.

What is prohibited?

Pregnancy is not a disease, but only a special state of the body. The woman is in good health, allowing her to do the usual things. But reduce physical activity a future mother needs it.

From the first week of pregnancy, a woman is prohibited from:

• Work more than 6 hours without a break.
• Sitting at the computer for a long time.
• Work night shifts, go on business trips.
• Lifting weights - things over 3 kg.
• Long sit or stand.
• Move or lift furniture and any bulky items.
• When cleaning, use aggressive detergents with chlorine, pronounced aromatic additives.
• Drink strong tea, coffee.
• Drink alcohol, smoke.
• Visit the solarium, bath.
• Take a hot bath.
• Do an x-ray.
• Listen to loud music and stay near audio amplifiers.

Taking vitamins

vitamins must necessarily be in the menu of the expectant mother. During pregnancy, the need for calcium, iodine and other trace elements doubles.

If a woman does not have enough vitamins, the growing fetus will begin to take the necessary substances from her body. Bones, teeth, hair of a pregnant woman will suffer.

ATTENTION! Vitamins are prescribed only by a doctor. You can’t prescribe them yourself or rely on the advice of friends or women’s forums.

Doctor may prescribe folic acid to reduce hereditary problems, improve the condition of the fetus and reduce the negative impact of the external environment. Vitamin E is also useful for a pregnant woman, which is involved in the formation of the placenta and prevents the threat of miscarriage. For a normal metabolism, the expectant mother needs iodine. The body needs it especially in early pregnancy.

A woman can take vitamins prescribed by a doctor, or find an alternative to them - eat foods containing the right active substances. 40 strawberries a day contain the daily requirement of folic acid. Iodine is found in seaweed, seafood, figs. Vitamin C can be obtained from fresh oranges.

But in everything should be measured. If a woman has a desire to lean on vegetables and fruits instead of ready-made vitamins, this issue is discussed with the doctor. An excess of active substances is also harmful.

In order for the baby to develop safely, a woman needs to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and set herself up for positive.

For the harmonious development of the fetus at 1 week after conception, the expectant mother is recommended:

• Quit smoking, including passive smoking - try not to breathe tobacco smoke.
• Stop taking medications prescribed before pregnancy. This is especially true for antibiotics.
• Avoid stress and nervous tension.
• If there is a cat in the house, clean its toilet only with gloves and wash your hands thoroughly after that.
• Less likely to appear in public places during cold epidemics.
• Avoid crowds and crowds in public transport.

The first week is exciting and difficult for the expectant mother. A woman does not always guess about an interesting situation, but if all the signs are on her face, you should immediately think about the correctness of your lifestyle and listen to the recommendations of specialists.

Video

Watch a short video about the first week of pregnancy.