Presentation of children's clothing examples. Report. Knitted goods. Storage Ready-made knitwear should be stored in clean, dry, well-ventilated areas with relative humidity
What is knitwear? Surely, there is no such person who would not have knitwear in his wardrobe. Today's knitwear
What is knitwear? Surely there is no sucha person who would not have found in
knitwear wardrobe. Knitwear on
Today is one of the most
popular and favorite materials. IN
translated from French is the word
means "knit". Knitted fabric
knitted on a knitting machine
weaving pre-made loops.
General Information The Neva5 knitting machine is practically no different from other single-loop knitting machines. Thread coming from mot
General information Knitting machine Neva5-practically no different from otherssingle knitting machines. The thread coming from the skein is threaded into the input
wire eyes of the thread feeder and is passed between the tensioner plates. After
this thread is brought into the threader, and then into the wire eyelet on the edge of the wire
tensioner. The thread to be knitted is threaded into the thread guide on the carriage and
close the latch. A thread not currently in use is attached in a taut
condition to a special clamp on the thread feed stand. Toyota KS 858 is enough
a popular model of a Japanese knitting machine that appeared in our country in the early 80s. Toyota KS-858 is a convenient and reliable knitting machine with a block for
the use of punched cards, including push-button selection of needles instead of a punched card,
an additional openwork carriage and many accessories that make it easier to knit on
car. In addition, this knitting machine model can be used as
double knitting machine. Yarn for knitting machine - different from yarn for
hand knitting even according to the method of winding the thread into a skein. Skeins of yarn for hand knitting
can be used for a knitting machine, but they are required
rewind on a special device. Putting thread into a skein in a certain way
ensures uniform removal of the thread from the skein, which guarantees uniform tension
loops in the fabric. Yarn for a knitting machine can be folded from several thin
threads into one. The yarn becomes uniform in thickness, elastic, which in the process
knitting reduces the load on the working units of the knitting machine and reduces its noise.
What is knitwear made from? Often, knitwear is made from natural fibers such as cotton and wool. P
What is knitwear made from? Often knitwearare made from natural fibers such as cotton and
woolen. Clothing made from such knitwear is very high quality and
durable. They are hygroscopic, air- and
vapor permeability, do not electrify. Synthetic fibers are also
used for the production of knitted fabrics, however, such
knitwear does not allow air to pass through and practically does not absorb moisture. Things
from synthetic knitwear strongly accumulate electrostatic
charge (electrified), which necessitates the use of
antistatic.
Consumer properties Operational properties depend on the type of weave, the properties of yarn (threads), on finishing. Breaking strength.
Consumer properties Operational properties depend ontype of weave, properties of yarn (threads), from finishing. Strength on
gap. Repeated tensile stress degrades durability
knitwear, which can cause mechanical damage.
Abrasion resistance, spreadability, elasticity, shrinkage of fabrics
affect the service life, reliability of knitwear. Hygienic
properties. Jerseys must be harmless, must not
emit toxic chemicals and foreign odors at any time
season and in any weather. Knitwear must be
hygroscopic, which is especially important for linen knitwear,
breathable, heat resistant. aesthetic
properties. Knitwear should be fashionable.
The main aesthetic properties of knitted fabrics are texture,
color solution, transparency, gloss and haze, stability
forms during operation, drape.
linen; upper; hosiery; glove; shawl - scarf. Knitted underwear and outerwear is sewn from knitted fabric
linen; upper; hosiery; glove; handkerchief -scarf. Knitted underwear and outerwear is sewn from
knitted fabric, other types are created on a knitting machine.
High-quality linen knitwear absorbs moisture well, passes
air, elastic, pleasant to the body, linen fits the body. These qualities
characterized knitwear from Ivanovo. Raw material for this material
serves as a canvas of cotton and lavsan. The thread from which linen is made
flexible, the loop of this thread retains its shape. There is also this
called plated canvas, the front side of which is tied
silk, purl cotton. Top garments and hosiery
products intended for winter are made using a thread
loose structure, in the production of other hosiery is used
denser twisted thread.
By type of raw materials Homogeneous products are made from yarn of natural fibers (cotton, wool, etc.), from yarn or threads from artificial fibers
By type of raw materials Homogeneous products producefrom yarn of natural fibers (cotton, wool and
etc.), from yarn or threads of artificial fibers
(viscose, acetate, etc.), from yarn or threads from
synthetic fibers (kapron, nitron and
etc.) Heterogeneous - refer products made of yarn
natural fibers mixed with chemical
fibers or in combination with yarn or threads of
chemical fibers.
By type of raw material By method of manufacture Knitted - the process of manufacturing a fabric or products from one or more threads by bending them
By type of raw material By manufacturing method Knitted-processfabrication of fabric or products from one or
several threads by bending them into loops and connecting
loops with each other with simple tools
by hand (crochet hook, knitting needles, needle, fork) or
on a special machine (mechanical knitting). Knitting,
as a technique, refers to the types of weaving
products are made from knitted "coupons" given
sizes. Such products have earned (not
tucked) edge on the sleeve, shelf, back; They
sewn together at the conjugations of the back with a shelf and
sleeve. Partially cut products have a large
advantage in achieving the best fit.
Combined weaves - weaves of two and
more elements with elementary links of diverse
forms
Men's knitwear Men's fashion in knitwear also dictates its own new rules. This autumn-winter season at the top of the popularity of knitwear
Men's knitwear Men's fashion in knitwear also dictatestheir new rules. This autumn/winter season,
the pinnacle of popularity knitted jackets with zippers,
jumper with a V-neck and a ring pattern.
Colours: muted green, soft purple,
gray of various shades, chocolate, as well as the same
black. An important component of the fashionable image in the autumn-winter season are knitwear accessories: hats,
hats, gloves and, of course, scarves. scarf now
should be long, openwork, pastel colors, and
the main thing is as if it was just tied by your grandmother:
cozy and soft.
Women's knitwear Women's knitwear - from the manufacturer, catwalk trends and rules for combining colors and
Women's knitwear Women's knitwear-from the manufacturercatwalk trends and rules for color combinations are changing and
textures, and knitted outfits always remain
popular. Coziness, softness and comfort - these are unique
quality knitwear that is undeniably unrivaled.
Knitwear is fashion beyond time, borders and frames.
It's style and personality. Knitted fabrics
are diverse - this is wool, and viscose and cotton.
The naturalness of the fibers allows the canvas to breathe and
absorb moisture. Therefore, knitwear is the same
Suitable for both summer and winter weather.
Knitted fabric, depending on the methods of weaving,
differs in density, elasticity, hygroscopicity,
breathability and thermal insulation.
Children's knitwear It should be noted that knitwear is an irreplaceable thing in a children's wardrobe. Children are difficult to dress and undress
Children's knitwear It should be noted that knitwearproducts are irreplaceable things in a children's wardrobe.
It is difficult for children to dress and undress, they also need
freedom of movement and convenience so that nothing
interfered. Knitwear fits perfectly.
This makes it easier for mom's work when you need to undress or dress.
baby. It's no secret that children don't like to dress up,
so mom needs to make this process quick and
easy. Much easier to pull on a child comfortable
knitwear that is elastic and has the property
stretch, and then acquire the original
form. In addition, it retains heat well, passes
air, does not restrict movement, the child is comfortable in such a thing.
The quality of knitwear How to choose knitwear? When buying a knitted item, it is very important to pay attention to its quality. For this:
The quality of knitwear How to choose knitwear? When buying knitwearit is very important to pay attention to its quality. To do this: You need to carefully examine
product. It should be elastic and keep its shape. For a better view of the product
it is necessary to put on a well-lit, flat surface and inspect the edges, seams.
The edges should not be stretched, and the seams should be even, not skewed and neat
processed, the accuracy of processing also applies to hinges and other details. If
the product was on a hanger, it is necessary to examine the places where the hanger and clothes touch.
They should not be stretched and frayed due to a long stay on the coat hanger.
The best choice of knitwear is knitwear with the addition of artificial threads.
They make the thing stronger and in the process of wearing it does not stretch so much. perfect
a combination is considered to be a composition of 20-30% artificial fiber (viscose, acrylic and others), 80-70% natural (cotton, wool). Wool keeps you warm in cold weather, cotton
perfect for the hot season. The more synthetics in a piece of clothing, the more
cheaper. However, its quality is also deteriorating. It does not pass air and moisture well,
electrified, in the process of wearing, spools appear. For children of this quality clothes
generally not acceptable. Synthetic fibers combined with natural fibers
make the thing stronger, more pleasant to the body, increase the service life of the product. In clothes for
children is ideal if the knitwear is completely made of cotton thread (composition 100%
cotton), seams and labels should not be rough, the product should not shed when washed,
children's clothes should be soft and elastic.
Marking Finished knitwear is marked with an indication of their quality and size. Ethics is used for labeling knitwear
Marking Finished jerseyslabeled with their quality and dimensions.
Used for marking knitwear
labels, fabric or knitted tapes;
hosiery can also
be marked by applying paint to products with
special paper. The labels indicate
the following data: trademark; Name
and location of the enterprise; article number;
grade, size and height (length of the product); number
standard and specifications for the product; date
issue (month, year); color fastness (for
upper and linen products); retail price.
Packaging Knitwear is packed in primary and secondary packaging and in containers for transportation. The primary packaging of the products is
Packaging Knitted products are packed in primary andsecondary packaging and in containers for transportation.
The primary packaging of products is paper envelopes,
cellophane, polyethylene. Knitwear from
chemical fibers (combinations, shirts, men's and
children's top shirts, blouses, shirt-fronts, hosiery
products) are pre-folded on liners made of
cardboard or thick paper. Packed in envelopes
products are packed tightly into boxes, which are then
sealed with tape. On the lid of the box or on its end
stick a label. Boxes are placed in the transport
container - wooden or cardboard boxes on which
in printed type indicate the number of the packing list,
gross weight in kilograms and packing date.
Storage Ready-made knitwear should be stored in clean, dry, well-ventilated areas with relative humidity
Storage Finished jerseysmust be stored in a clean, dry, well
ventilated rooms with relative
air humidity not more than 65%. redundant
humidity leads to rotting of the fibers and
mold, and excessive dryness causes
fiber fragility. Products must be protected
from dust, direct sunlight, which
cause dye degradation. Woolen
knitwear must be protected from moths.
Trade and technological process
Trade and technological process Textile products (fabrics and non-wovenmaterials and products from them), knitwear, garments (clothing,
underwear, hats), fur products and shoes before being served on the trading floor
must undergo pre-sale preparation, which includes: unpacking,
sorting and inspection of goods; checking the quality of goods (according to external
characteristics) and the availability of necessary information about the product and its manufacturer;
if necessary, cleaning and ironing products and their minor repairs.
Goods offered for sale should be grouped by type,
models, sizes, heights and exhibited on the trading floor. Taking into account
features of trade in the trading floor, samples can be exhibited
goods offered for sale, for which the buyer is provided
the ability to choose and purchase the goods he needs. Goods must have
labels indicating their name, article number, price, size (for
clothes, underwear and other garments, shoes, hats) and growth (for
clothes and underwear), the type of fur and the color of its color (for clothes, hats and
fur collars)
"Household washing machines" - Front-loading machines. Production of a new household appliance. Ergonomic properties. Activator washing machine. Manufacturer. Spin. Operational characteristics. Main types of washing machines Classification of washing machines. Laundry spin. Washing efficiency. Two types of automatic machines.
"Construction of an apron pattern" - Types of clothing. Symbol. Overalls. Taking measurements. Rules. Learn how to properly measure a person's figure. Calculation of the design of the apron. Measurement of the human figure. Measuring the human figure and recording measurements to build a drawing. Drawing of an apron and a scarf. Types of clothing for the intended purpose. Measurements for building an apron drawing.
"Characteristics of clothes" - Mannequins. Allowances for loose fit. Basic concepts of clothing, its functions. Characteristics of a single method of designing clothes. Clothes are divided into groups according to age and gender. Characteristics of the external form. Special clothing is designed to protect a person. A single concept of construction.
"Classification of clothes" - Sanitary clothes. Household clothes. For solemn occasions. Outerwear. Summer clothes. Classification of clothes. Requirements. Clothing to protect the worker. Baby clothes. Casual wear. Modern clothes. Uniform. Women's clothing. Men's clothing. Winter clothes. Products that are held on the shoulders.
"Appliques for clothes" - The purpose of the lesson. A few recommendations. Fundamentals of color harmony. Repair of clothes using the application. Puzzle. Warm colors. Animals, plants, transport. Task: to make a sketch of the application. Applications. Work sequence. The sequence of repairing clothes with darning.
"Processing the apron" - Sweep the side allowances at a distance of 3 mm from the fold. Processing of the upper side sections of the apron (algorithm of actions). Stitch the allowances (together with the details of the belt) at a distance of 1-2 mm. Processing of the side cuts of the lower part of the apron. Remove the SVN, bend the belt details to the sides from the middle of the apron. The seams of turning the details of the belt should be directed down.
There are 47 presentations in total in the topic
Children's and teen clothing stores
YULAYK presents in its stores clothes for newborns, children and adolescents aged 0 to 16 years. In our assortment you will find models of well-known world brands FOX (Israel) and Knot so bad (Belgium), Dirkje (Holland) and, as well as an assortment of Russian manufacturers. The combination of collections of world brands and Russian manufacturers allows you to most fully present the entire range from rompers to warm winter jackets.
FOX has been designing fashion collections since 1948 and is the leading chain retailer of youth and children's fashion in Israel, presenting its brand in Australia, Singapore, Panama, Germany, Italy, Thailand, China, Bulgaria, Romania and Russia. FOX - high-quality, fashionable and functional models: for babies from 0 to 2 years old; children from 2 to 8 years; for teenagers from 8 to 16 years old Combination of practicality and functionality! Children's and teenagers' clothing
KNOT so BAD belongs to the Belgian company Carodel NV, operating on the European market since 1986. KNOT so BAD presents a wide range of models for children and teenagers from 0 to 16 years. KNOT so BAD offers 2 seasonal collections. Each season presents 3 age collections: Newborns up to 18 months; Girls and boys of toddler and preschool age from 2 to 8 years; Girls and boys of elementary and high school groups from 8 to 16 years old Today, KNOT so BAD is a recognizable, sought-after brand in the world of children's fashion. Distribution is carried out in 26 countries of the world KNOT so BAD clothing meets the requirements of the Russian climate: the features of hot summer, frosty winter and windy off-season are taken into account in KNOT so BAD collections. Quality keeps up with the times!
Clothes for children and newborns DIRKJE - Dutch quality and fashionable clothes for children and newborns! The collections are available in cm (DIRKJE) and cm (D.J. KIDSWEAR) sizes and are distinguished by a wide variety of styles and models and good value for money. DIRKJE is a successful and beloved brand in Europe and Russia, thanks to the combination of style and quality. The styles are designed taking into account the structural features of the child's body. For convenience, the models are supplemented with elastic inserts, cuffs and fasteners that allow you to fix the models on babies in a comfortable position. Style from birth!
Equipment - from 3 thousand rubles. per 1 sq. meter from 50 sq. m.- store area No entrance fee and royalties Several brands in one store Full range of goods from 0 to 16 years Choice of store format for any age: children, teens 1. Your store area - from 50 sq.m. A smaller area of the store is discussed individually 2. Your store will be presented with an assortment of several brands known on the world market 3. The format of the store depends on your target audience. You can open a store for children from 0 to 7 years old, from 7 to 16 years old, from 0 to 16 years old. We can offer you an assortment for children of any age 4. A complete assortment range: pajamas, jeans, knitwear, warm jackets, etc. 5. Work with a deferred payment (bank factoring) under the conditions: purchases from rubles; organization from 6 months to 1 year with positive financial results 6. We offer an economical option for equipment! Your store will be attractive due to high-quality items, a wide range and bright design! 7. You do not need to pay royalties and lump-sum payments Deferral of payment 60 days (factoring)
We will help you throughout the work! We undertake the functions of supporting the franchisee's business from the moment the decision to open a store is made! Assessment of the correct location of the future store and approval of its opening Calculation of capital investments and profitability of the project Development of a design project, retail equipment, lighting of the store Priority provision of a product range Advertising support and provision of information and promotional materials necessary for opening a store Departure of company specialists to open a store Training of store personnel merchandising technologies Advice on order formation Advice on all business processes related to the operation of the store Monitoring compliance with branded trade standards Work on pre-orders and from a free warehouse Design project for free Merchandiser visit Assistance in assortment formation Promotional materials
Our partner Entrepreneur or organization with a solid financial status Convenient location of the premises (shopping street, shopping center) Availability of own or long-term leased retail space depending on the population of the city Availability of financial resources necessary for the costs of opening a concept store, in accordance with branded store standards Compliance of the store with the requirements of corporate identity, equipment, interior Fulfillment of the planned turnover volumes and long-term development plan
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Lesson type: combined lesson
Time of the lesson: 90 min
Lesson Objectives:
- educational- formation of a system of knowledge on the structure and features of knitted fabric; consolidation and generalization of theoretical knowledge;
- Educational- to promote the development of students' speech, the development of the ability to analyze, compare and highlight the main thing, to promote the formation and development of cognitive interest in the subject;
- Educational- to promote the formation of communication skills and responsibility among students.
Form of conducting classes: didactic game
Type of game (according to the game method): business
Teaching methods: verbal (explanation, lecture, note-taking); visual (demonstration of a multimedia presentation); practical (didactic game).
Means of education: multimedia presentation "Knitted fabric", cards - tasks.
Table 1 - Lesson plan on the topic "Knitted fabric"
| Stages of the lesson (time) | Actions of the teacher | Student activities |
| Organizational part (3 min) | Checks absent, availability of teaching materials | Teacher greeting. Write down the topic of the lesson |
| Preparing students for the perception of new material (5 min) | Motivation: After studying the new material, you will be able to easily answer the following questions: What features of knitted fabric are important to consider when designing products, cutting and processing products from knitted fabric? How to properly care for garments made of knitted fabric? Also, the material that you will learn today will help you in further educational activities when studying other disciplines, such as industrial training, garment processing technology. |
Listen to the teacher |
| Presentation of new material (30 min) | Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson. Lesson topic:"Knitted fabric". The purpose of the lesson to acquaint students with the structure of knitted fabric, properties, features of the manufacture of knitted fabric.
|
Listen to the teacher, outline the material in a notebook |
| Primary consolidation of new material (5 min) | The teacher conducts a frontal survey on the material covered:
|
Participate in a face-to-face survey |
| Summing up grading (2 min) | The teacher checks the availability of notes and marks the notes and answers to questions | Show notes |
| Organizational part (5 min) | The teacher explains the course of the lesson, explains the rules of the game | Listen to the teacher and divide into teams |
| Exercise (30 min) | The teacher as a leader, distributes cards - tasks, makes sure that the game goes according to the rules, issues tokens, checks the correctness of the answers | Participate in the game |
| Summing up and grading (7 min) | The teacher awards the winners and the second place team. Gives scores for the game | Tokens are counted, the winner is determined. |
| Issuance of D / Z (3 min) | The teacher gives homework: Take samples of knitted fabrics, describe these samples, determine the structure, type of knitted fabric and write what products can be made from this knitted fabric |
Recording homework for the next lesson |
1 lesson. Lesson of new knowledge
The topic of the lesson is "Knitted fabric".
1. Organizational moment (3 min)
The topic of the lesson is "Knitted fabric". In the first lesson we will study new material, in the second lesson we will consolidate the material covered by means of the game.
2. Preparing students for the perception of new material (3 min)
The study of knitted fabrics, their types, specific properties, design features and processing of knitted fabric products will be useful to you, both in everyday life, you will learn how to properly care for knitwear, and for subsequent production activities related to the design of knitted fabric products.
3. Presentation of new material. Lecture (30 min)
The presentation contains the basic concepts and a summary of the new material, I will explain and explain the basic concepts and terms to you. All the information you will independently outline in a notebook.
Let's start with the definition of knitted fabric. Knitted fabric- textile material obtained from textile threads as a result of the formation of loops and their interconnection. (2 slide)
Knitted fabrics are produced from various types of textile yarns: homogeneous and mixed yarns from natural and chemical fibers, artificial and synthetic complex yarns. High bulk yarns and textured yarns are widely used. (3,4 slide)
According to the method of formation, knitwear is divided into cross-knitted (kulirny) and warp-knitted. In cross-knitted knitwear, all loops of one loop row are formed from one thread, so it is easy to unravel in the direction of the loop row.
In warp knitwear, each loop of the loop row is formed from its own, separate thread. Therefore, to obtain a loop row, as many threads are required as loops in a row. The warp knitwear is unraveled in the direction of the buttonhole. (5 slide)
Knitted weaves
Main weaves
The group of main weaves is represented by the simplest weaves, consisting of identical loops.
Main cross-knitted weaves
These include satin stitch, eraser and purl knitwear. (8,9,10 slide)
The main warp weaves include chain, leotard, satin, elastic leotard, elastic satin. (11-13 slide)
Double weaves - elastic tights, elastic chain, elastic satin - are formed by alternating front and back columns. (14 slide)
Weave derivatives
Derived cross-knitted weaves: derivative satin stitch, interlock. (15.16 slide)
Derived warp weaves: cloth and charme. (17 slide).
Patterned weave
Patterned knitted weaves are formed on the basis of the main and derivative weaves. Their diversity is achieved by changing the structure of the basic weaves, their combinations, the introduction of additional threads, skipping loops.
Patterned combined weaves are obtained by combining weaves of various types. One of the most common combined warp-knitted low-stretch weaves is a chain - cloth, a chain - charme, tights - cloth, etc. (18-24 slide)
Tricot-cloth - a combined single warp-knitted weave, in which the tricot is enclosed between the skeletons of the loops and the broach of the cloth. It has a movable structure, twists from the edges, drapes well.
Charme - a chain of a combined single warp-knitted weave, obtained by imposing a chain on the front side of the charme weave. Almost does not twist from the edges.
Of the combined cross-knitted weaves, the pique weave is the most widely used in the production of upper knitted fabric.
Pique - a combined double cross-knitted weave, formed by applying an incomplete 1 + 1 eraser to an incomplete surface. It has low elongation in width and high elasticity.
Cross-connected weaves are obtained by laying in the process of knitting on needles in a certain sequence of threads that differ in color, thickness, and fibrous composition. It turns out multi-colored, embossed and multi-colored stripes.
Plated weaves - are formed on the basis of cross-warp, main and derivative weaves by laying two or three threads on the needles at the same time, differing in color and fibrous composition. When loops are formed, one of the threads is located on the front side, the other on the wrong side. The front and back sides differ not only in appearance, but also in physical and mechanical properties.
Lined weaves are obtained by knitting into the ground from the wrong side of the lining thread. As a ground, cross-knitted and warp-knitted weaves are used. The lining thread serves to form a fleece on the wrong side.
Plush weaves are obtained by knitting additional threads into the ground, forming long broaches. From these broaches, a looped pile is created on the canvas. The pile can be split and not split, located on one or both sides of the canvas. Possesses the increased heat-shielding properties.
Weft weaves (25 slide) are produced on the basis of cross-warp weaves, between the cores and loop broaches of which additional weft threads are laid that do not form their own loops. Laying and fastening of weft threads can be: free, with twisting of broaches of ground loops, with twisting of the core of the loops. This thread is used to connect buttonhole posts, to form a pile, as a finishing thread to form a pattern, to reduce extensibility and increase elasticity.
Incomplete weaves (26 slide) are weaves in which loop stitches or individual loops are missed in some areas, due to this an openwork patterned effect is obtained.
Openwork weaves (27 slide) are obtained by transferring individual loops to adjacent loop columns, as a result of which holes are formed on the canvas in a certain order, creating a variety of openwork patterns. These weaves are produced on the basis of a cross-knitted knitted fabric.
Fillet weaves (28 slide) are produced on the basis of warp weaves, in which there is no connection between some adjacent looped columns, as a result of which holes are formed on the canvas, creating various patterns, similar to openwork.
Pressed (29 slide) - single or double weaves with embossed or openwork patterns. They are obtained on the condition that the threads on the needles are constantly laid, and the old loops are discarded in accordance with the pattern. If all the loops in the canvas are press loops, then it is called a fan, and if the columns of the press loops alternate with the loop columns of the surface, then they are called semi-fang. With the help of press loops, you can get a variety of color, openwork, tint and relief effects.
Jacquard weaves (30 slide) are formed on the basis of main and industrial weaves of all kinds. The thread is laid only on those needles from which the old loop is dropped. In places of missed loops, broaches are formed. Weaves are smooth and variegated. Due to the air gaps between the layers, jacquard has high heat-shielding properties.
4. Primary fixing (5 min)
Frontal survey on new material.
A list of questions:
- What is knitted fabric?
- What are the properties of knitted fabric?
- The structure of knitted fabric and types of structure?
- Raw materials for the manufacture of knitted fabric?
- Types of threads for the manufacture of knitted fabric?
Summing up, grading (2 min)
2 lesson. Consolidation and improvement of knowledge
Consolidation of the improvement of knowledge on the topic "Knitted fabric".
1. Organizational part (3 min)
Rules of the game:
The game is designed for 45 minutes.
Work in groups of 6 people, 2 teams.
For the correct answer, the team receives - a token. Tokens are available in different denominations: 1, 2 and 5 points. The task will specify the maximum number of points you can earn for a correct answer.<Рисунок 1>.
Whose team raised the flag first, that team is given the right to respond first<Рисунок 2>.
If a team does not know the answer or gives an incorrect answer, the right to answer passes to the opposing team.
If a team shouts out from a place or answers out of turn, then the right to answer passes to the opposing team.
The game ends 10 minutes before the end of the pair. In order to be able to summarize and draw conclusions.
At the end of the game, the winners will be awarded.
2. Exercise. Game "Knitting World" (35 min)
First you need to come up with team names and a motto. Choose a team captain. On the checkboxes that you received, you need to enter the name of the team.
Task 1. The method of forming a knitted fabric
Determine the method of formation of knitwear. Identical cards are issued, whose team was the first to raise the flag, that team answers first, naming one type of weave, the next weave is called by the opposing team, and so on in turn. For a correct answer, the team receives - 1 point.<Рисунок 3>.
Correct answers: upper left - warp knitted, lower right - cross knitted.
Task 2. Types of knitted weaves
Match the types of knitted weaves with their name. In this task, two teams are given identical cards, whose team is the first to raise the flag, that team answers first, naming one type of weave, the next weave is called by the opposing team, and so on in turn. For a correct answer, the team receives - 1 point.<Рисунок 4>.
Correct answers: 1 image - purl weave, 2 image - tricot weave, 3 image - incomplete weave.
Task 3. Properties of knitted fabric
Collect words denoting the properties of knitted fabric. Identical cards are issued, whose team was the first to raise the flag, that team answers first, naming one property of the jersey, the next property is called by the opposing team, and so on in turn. For a correct answer, the team receives - 1 point.<Рисунок 5>.
Correct answers: heat protection, drapery, extensibility, vapor permeability, crease resistance.
Task 4. Answers to questions
Among the letters in the presented table, find answers to questions. Words can break, read from right to left, from bottom to top, but not diagonally. Highlight the found word with a pen, marker or other method<Рисунок 6>.
The teacher asks one question each, who will be the first to guess the word and hit it in the field of letters, raises the flag. For a correct answer, the team gets 2 points.
- What are the types of knitted weaves? (main, derivative, patterned).
- Define one of the knitted fabric properties (drapeability)
- What threads are used in the production of knitted fabric, except for artificial ones? (synthetic)
- What is the second name of knitted knitwear? (culinary)
- What is the main elementary link that forms a knitted fabric? (a loop)
- Define a specific property of a knitted fabric? (dissolve)
Task 5. Guess the terms
Unscramble the terms and write them down. For a correct answer, the team gets 2 points.
Zoaikremstvauch, oznoeovyaanovs yerptepnele, no hour rutya eptepniyarle<Рисунок 7>.
Correct answers: twist, warp weave, patterned weave.
nryoiz Podve pyarei veil, oetzhtakorin tlonopo, osyazhramtit<Рисунок 8>.
Correct answers: weave derivatives, knitted fabric, extensibility.
Task 6. Competition of captains
Captains need to quickly and correctly solve the crossword without the help of the team. The captain who completes the task first receives an additional 5 points. For each guessed word the captain receives - 2 points. The captain reads the question and answer<Рисунок 9,10>.
3. Summing up and grading (5 min)
Our game has come to an end, it's time to take stock. I will ask each team to register their participation in a special form<Рисунок 11>.Count the number of points earned.
Awarding the winners with a diploma for the first place<Рисунок 12>, also a thank you note for the second team<Рисунок 13>.
With the help of the game, we consolidated and generalized knowledge on the method of formation, properties, types of weaving of knitted fabric. Learned to outline the material, highlight the main main points. Everyone showed their best today. For the game, I will give marks, the winning team "excellent", the second-place team "good".
4. Issuing homework (2 min)
This development of the lesson can be used for the discipline of materials science in NPO and VPO. Or in technology classes in high school.
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What is knitwear? Surely, there is no such person who would not have knitwear in his wardrobe. Knitwear today is one of the most popular and favorite materials. Translated from French, this word means "knit". The knitted fabric is knitted on a knitting machine by weaving pre-made loops.
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General Information The Neva5 knitting machine is practically no different from other single-loop knitting machines. The thread coming from the skein is threaded into the input wire eyes of the thread feeder and passed between the tensioner plates. After that, the thread is brought into the threader, and then into the wire eyelet on the edge of the wire tensioner. The thread to be knitted is threaded into the thread guide on the carriage and the latch is closed. A thread that is not currently in use is attached in a taut state to a special clamp on the thread feed stand. Toyota KS 858 is a fairly popular model of a Japanese knitting machine that appeared in our country in the early 80s. Toyota KS-858 is a convenient and reliable knitting machine that has a block for using punched cards, including push-button selection of needles instead of a punched card, an additional openwork carriage and many accessories that make knitting easier on the machine. In addition, this knitting machine model can be used as a double knitting machine. Yarn for a knitting machine differs from yarn for hand knitting even in the way the thread is wound into a skein. Skeins of yarn for hand knitting can be used for a knitting machine, but they must be rewound on a special device. Laying the thread in a skein in a certain way ensures that the thread is removed from the skein evenly, which guarantees uniform tension of the loops in the fabric. Yarn for a knitting machine can be folded from several thin threads into one. The yarn becomes uniform in thickness, elastic, which in the process of knitting reduces the load on the working units of the knitting machine and reduces its noise.
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What is knitwear made from? Often, knitwear is made from natural fibers such as cotton and wool. Garments made from such knitwear are very high quality and durable. They differ in hygroscopicity, air and vapor permeability, they are not electrified. Synthetic fibers are also used for the production of knitted fabrics, however, such knitwear does not allow air to pass through and practically does not absorb moisture. Things made of synthetic knitwear strongly accumulate an electrostatic charge (electrify), which necessitates the use of an antistatic agent.
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Consumer properties Operational properties depend on the type of weave, the properties of yarn (threads), on finishing. Breaking strength. Repeated tensile impacts worsen the durability of knitwear, and mechanical failure can occur. Abrasion resistance, blooming, elasticity, shrinkage of fabrics affect the service life and reliability of knitwear. hygienic properties. Knitwear must be harmless, must not emit toxic chemicals and foreign odors at any time of the year and in any weather. Knitwear products must be hygroscopic, which is especially important for linen knitwear, breathable, heat-shielding. Aesthetic properties. Knitwear should be fashionable. The main aesthetic properties of knitted fabrics are texture, color scheme, transparency, gloss and dullness, shape stability during operation, drape.
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linen; upper; hosiery; glove; shawl - scarf. Knitted underwear and outerwear are sewn from knitted fabric, other types are created on a knitting machine. High-quality linen knitwear absorbs moisture well, lets air through, elastic, pleasant to the body, linen fits the body. These qualities characterize knitwear from Ivanovo. The raw material for this material is a canvas made of cotton and lavsan. The thread from which linen is made is flexible, the loop of this thread retains its shape. There is also the so-called plated fabric, the front side of which is knitted from silk, the wrong side from cotton. Outer garments and hosiery intended for winter are made with a loose structure thread, in the production of other hosiery a denser twisted thread is used.
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By type of raw materials Homogeneous products are made from yarn of natural fibers (cotton, wool, etc.), from yarn or threads from artificial fibers (viscose, acetate, etc.), from yarn or threads from synthetic fibers (kapron, nitron, etc.) Heterogeneous - include products made from yarn of natural fibers mixed with chemical fibers or in combination with yarn or threads from chemical fibers.
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By type of raw material By method of manufacture Knitted - the process of making fabric or products from one or more threads by bending them into loops and connecting the loops to each other using simple tools manually (crochet hook, knitting needles, needle, fork) or on a special machine (mechanical knitting). Knitting, as a technique, refers to the types of weaving. Tailored products are made from knitted "coupons" of given sizes. Such products have an earned (not tucked) edge on the sleeve, shelf, back; they are sewn together at the conjugations of the back with a shelf and a sleeve. Partially cut garments have a great advantage in achieving the best fit. Combined weaves - weaves of two or more elements with elementary links of various shapes.
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Men's knitwear Men's fashion in knitwear also dictates its own new rules. This autumn-winter season, knitted jackets with zippers, jumpers with a V-neck and a ring pattern are at the top of popularity. Colors: muted green, soft lilac, gray of various shades, chocolate, as well as the same black. An important component of the fashionable image in the autumn-winter season are knitwear accessories: caps, hats, gloves and, of course, scarves. The scarf now should be long, openwork, pastel colors, and most importantly, as if it had just been knitted by your grandmother: cozy and soft.
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Women's knitwear Women's knitwear - from the manufacturer, catwalk trends and rules for combining colors and textures change, and knitwear always remains popular. Coziness, softness and comfort - these are the unique qualities of knitwear, which are undeniably out of competition. Knitwear is fashion beyond time, borders and frames. It's style and personality. Knitted fabrics are diverse - this is wool, and viscose and cotton. The naturalness of the fibers allows the canvas to breathe and absorb moisture. Therefore, knitwear is equally suitable for both summer weather and winter weather. Knitted fabric, depending on the methods of weaving, differs in density, elasticity, hygroscopicity, breathability and heat protection.
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Children's knitwear It should be noted that knitwear is an irreplaceable thing in a children's wardrobe. Children are difficult to dress and undress, they also need freedom of movement and comfort so that nothing interferes. Knitwear fits perfectly. This makes it easier for mothers to undress or dress the baby. It's no secret that children do not like to dress up, so mom needs to make this process quick and easy. It is much easier to put comfortable knitted clothes on the child, which are elastic and tend to stretch, and then take on their original shape. In addition, it keeps heat well, allows air to pass through, does not restrict movement, the child is comfortable in such a thing.
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The quality of knitwear How to choose knitwear? When buying a knitted item, it is very important to pay attention to its quality. To do this: You need to carefully examine the product. It should be elastic and keep its shape. For a better inspection, the product must be placed on a well-lit, flat surface and inspect the edges, seams. The edges should not be stretched, and the seams should be even, not skewed and carefully finished, the accuracy of processing also applies to loops and other details. If the product was on a hanger, it is necessary to examine the places where the hanger and clothes touch. They should not be stretched and frayed due to a long stay on the coat hanger. The best choice of knitwear is knitwear with the addition of artificial threads. They make the thing stronger and in the process of wearing it does not stretch so much. The composition of 20-30% artificial fiber (viscose, acrylic and others), 80-70% natural (cotton, wool) is considered the ideal combination. Wool keeps you warm in cold weather, while cotton is ideal for hot weather. The more synthetics in a piece of clothing, the cheaper it is. However, its quality is also deteriorating. It does not pass air and moisture well, it is electrified, pellets appear in the process of wearing. For children of this quality, clothing is generally not acceptable. Synthetic fibers in combination with natural fibers make the thing stronger, more pleasant to the body, and increase the service life of the product. In clothes for children, it is ideal if the knitwear is completely made of cotton thread (composition 100% cotton), the seams and labels should not be rough, the product should not shed when washed, children's clothes should be soft and elastic.
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Marking Finished knitwear is marked with an indication of their quality and size. Labels, fabric or knitted tapes are used for marking knitwear; hosiery can also be marked by applying paint to products from special paper. The labels indicate the following data: trademark; name and location of the enterprise; article number; grade, size and height (length of the product); number of the standard and specifications for the product; issue date (month, year); color fastness (for top and linen products); retail price.
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Packaging Knitwear is packed in primary and secondary packaging and in containers for transportation. The primary packaging of products is envelopes made of paper, cellophane, polyethylene. Knitwear made of chemical fibers (combinations, shirts, men's and children's top shirts, blouses, shirt-fronts, hosiery) are pre-folded on inserts made of cardboard or thick paper. Products packed in envelopes are placed tightly in boxes, which are then sealed with tape. A label is glued to the lid of the box or to its end. Boxes are placed in a shipping container - wooden or cardboard boxes, on which the number of the packing list, the gross weight in kilograms and the date of packing are indicated in printed type.
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Trade and technological process Textile goods (fabrics and non-woven materials and products made from them), knitwear, garments (clothing, underwear, hats), fur products and footwear must undergo pre-sale preparation before being submitted to the trading floor, which includes: unpacking , sorting and inspection of goods; checking the quality of the goods (by external signs) and the availability of the necessary information about the product and its manufacturer; if necessary, cleaning and ironing products and their minor repairs. The goods offered for sale must be grouped by types, models, sizes, heights and displayed on the trading floor. Taking into account the peculiarities of trade, samples of goods offered for sale may be exhibited on the trading floor, for which the buyer is given the opportunity to choose and purchase the goods he needs. Goods must have labels indicating their name, article number, price, size (for clothes, underwear and other garments, shoes, headgear) and height (for clothes and underwear), type of fur and color of its color (for clothes, headwear and fur collars)
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