Diary of Tanya Savicheva at the Nuremberg Trials. Flower of life, friendship alley and Tanya Savicheva's diary. The Savichevs are dead. All died"

Tanya Rudykovskaya's diary Tanya kept her blockade entries daily, on stapled pieces of paper that her mother-teacher brought from school, in a house in Ozerki - then it was a summer house in the north of Leningrad, now one of the stations of the St. Petersburg metro. The Ozerki family

Yura Ryabinkin's diary Yura Ryabinkin, who lived in Leningrad with his mother and sister, struggled not only with the blockade circumstances that befell everyone, he also fought with himself, with his conscience, forced to share crumbs of bread with those closest to him, and honestly

Diary of Tanya Vassoevich Tanya Vassoevich began to keep a diary on June 22, 1941 - from the first day of the war. The girl lived on the 6th line of Vasilyevsky Island, in house number 39. Her father, Nikolai Bronislavovich, was caught by the war far from home on a geological expedition. Tanya stayed in

Yura Utekhin's diary Yury Utekhin handed us the notebook himself, which fits even in a child's palm. At first it seemed that we had before us the notes of an orphaned boy: most of the notebook is a description of what was given for breakfast, lunch and dinner in the nursery.

Diary of Sasha Morozov Nothing is known about the author of the diary. Mommy! It's 4 o'clock now, I'm going to the dining room. I didn’t have time to clean anything in my room, because when I looked at the clock, it was about four. During the shelling I was in the corridor. I kiss you tightly. Shurik31/8 41

The diary of Luda Ots About the Komsomol member, a student of the 11th school of the Sverdlovsk district, Luda Ots, we only know the circumstances of her death, attributed by an unknown person by hand at the end of the thick notebook of her diary, which was transferred to AiF by the St. Petersburg archive. Luda climbed up

Borya Andreev's diary Boris Alexandrovich Andreev kept his youthful notes, made with a stub of an indelible pencil in the coal mines of Germany, where he was stolen from the Pskov village, where he spent his holidays, in a special locker under a "secret lock",

Diary of Anya Aratskaya This diary was kept under bullets, almost on the front line... Stalingrad. During the war, the Aratsky family (father - a carpenter, mother - a housewife), in which there were 9 children, lived on a fire-drenched street by the river, at the address: 3rd Embankment, house 45, - not far from

Diary of Zoya Khabarova Zoya began to keep her diary two years before the occupation of Crimea by the Nazis, when she was only 12: “I have always been secretive, even in the family I felt lonely, I lacked parental affection, the diary became my friend ... " Father worked in

Diary of Volodya Borisenko His relatives knew about the diary that 13-year-old Volodya Borisenko kept in the occupied Crimea. But even Vladimir Fedorovich himself did not remember where the notebook was located: either she remained in Feodosia, or completely disappeared ... And only after the death of her father in

Diary of Zhenya Vorobyova Zhenya studied at school number 8 in the city of Pushkin near Leningrad - and this is all the information about her. The never-before-published diary, or rather, its typewritten copy, was found by AiF journalists in the Russian State Archives

Diary of Volodya Chivilikhin Taiga, a small railway station in Siberia - only echoes of the war reached here, and to the pages of the diary of 14-year-old Volodya. His worries are how to feed his family (his father died before the war), what to read: "swallowed" books - practically in

Diary of Kolya Ustinov This short diary is a chronicle of Kolya's transformation from a boy into a man. Here he is, 12-year-old, diving from a pier in Vladivostok, swimming with the boys in the sea - and now he is plowing the ocean, he is a cabin boy of "fiery flights". And it doesn't matter if the call of the heart went

Diary of Natasha Kolesnikova The only Moscow diary in this book was discovered by us at the Museum of Modern History of Russia, where the author herself, Natalia Alexandrovna, brought it in the early 2000s: “I had a difficult financial situation, my husband was ill, and in the hope

This diary of an 11 year old schoolgirl Tanya Savicheva became one of the most terrible testimonies of the horrors of war. The girl kept these records during blockade of Leningrad in 1941, when hunger took away her loved ones every month. Only nine pages, on which Tanya laconicly reports the death of her relatives, have become a real chronicle of death. Tanya Savicheva's diary was presented at the Nuremberg trials as evidence of the crimes of fascism. The girl survived the blockade, but never learned about the long-awaited Victory on May 9, 1945.

Now Tanya's diary is in the Museum of the History of Leningrad in St. Petersburg. Its copy is exhibited in the window of the Piskarevsky cemetery memorial, where 570,000 citizens who died during the 900-day fascist blockade are buried.

My sister died in her apartment on Mokhovaya Street. Since she worked all day at the factory, which had to be reached through huge snowdrifts, she was too exhausted and died.

Nina and Misha were the next to leave the family for a long time. Later, it is Nina who will find her notebook with Tanya's diary from a distant relative. However, Tanya did not enter the disappearance of her brother and sister in her diary.

Leka died in March. He also died of malnutrition. In the book "History of the Admiralty Plant", where he worked, there is a photo of Leonid, and under it there is an inscription:

Less than a month later, a new diary entry appeared. This time, Tanya had to enter the date of Uncle Vasya's death.

"All died."

"There is only Tanya."

Special thanks to the representatives of archives, museums and publishing houses for their help in publishing the diaries: Sergei Kurnosov, Director of the State Memorial Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Irina Muravyova, Head of the Scientific and Exhibition Department of the State Memorial Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) ), Vladimir Taradin, Director of the Central Archive of Historical and Political Documents (St. Petersburg), Andrey Sorokin, Director of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (Moscow), Valeria Kagramanova, Chief Curator of the Museum of Contemporary History of Russia (Moscow), Victoria Kohenderfer, Chief curator of the funds of the museum-reserve "Battle of Stalingrad" (Volgograd), Larisa Turilina, director of the State Archives of the Bryansk region (Bryansk), Bella Kurkova, deputy editor-in-chief of the studio "Culture" STRC "St. Petersburg", Alexander Zhikarentsev, editor-in-chief of the branch of OOO " Publishing group "Azbuka-Atticus" in St. Petersburg, Leonid Amirkhanov, General Director of the publishing house "Ostrov" (St. Petersburg), Mikhail Sapego, General Director of the publishing house "Red Sailor" (St. Petersburg), Sergey Nikolaev, General Director of the publishing house " Algorithm" (Moscow), Pavel Polin, historian, compiler of the series "On the sidelines of the war" and "Scrolls from the ashes: evidence of the Holocaust" (Moscow), Sergei Glezerov, journalist and researcher, author of the book "Blockade through the eyes of eyewitnesses" (St. Petersburg ), Valentin Verkhovtsev (Arkhangelsk), Natalya Adamovich-Shuvagina (Minsk, Belarus), Daniil Granin (St. Petersburg).

Our words of gratitude to the relatives and friends of the children of the war for their careful attitude to the diaries and the opportunity given to us to print them: Nina Tikhomirova (Budapest, Hungary), Inna Chernomorskaya (St. Petersburg), Andrey Vassoevich (St. Petersburg), Tatyana Musina (Moscow ), Marina Borisenko (Moscow), Lyudmila Polezhaeva (Apatity), Olga Baranova (Bryansk), Yuri Andreev (St. Petersburg), Irina Novikova (St. Petersburg).

And of course, our gratitude to the authors of the diaries themselves, to those who survived the war, who managed to save their diaries and who gave us the right to publish them: Natalya Kolesnikova (Moscow), Zoya Dobrokhotova (Khabarova) (Kokoshkino village, New Moscow), Maria Rolnikayte (St. Petersburg), Tamara Lazersson-Rostovskaya (Haifa, Israel), Vladislav Berdnikov (Perm), Valeria Trotsenko (Igosheva) (Vladivostok), Alexander Sedin (Ulyanovsk), Tatyana Grigorova-Rudykovskaya (St. Petersburg), Yuri Utekhin ( Moscow), Nikolai Ustinov (Kholmsk). Low to all of them, bow.

The book contains a huge number of diaries of those who did not live to this day and could not see this volume. Eternal memory to them!

I left my childhood not like everyone else,

And stepped through the flames of the explosion...

In young silvery oats

Mina blew up the soft earth.

Re-sown the land in the spring,

A funnel swam from the rain ...

It's hard to grow out of a child

crippled by war.

Gleb Eremeev

The little boy is drawing. He is 3 years old, so the drawing is a lot of scrawl and curls along the edges, and in the center there is a small oval. "What did you draw?" asks his teacher. “This is a war, that's all. And in the middle is a white bun. I don’t know anything else, ”the kid answers.

The drawing is dated May 23, 1942. The boy's name is Sasha Ignatiev. He is one of 400 thousand children who remained in Leningrad after September 8, 1941, when the blockade was finally closed. 900 days later, when the units of the Red Army finally broke through the blockade, it became known that out of 400 thousand children, less than half remained alive.

In one of the kindergartens of the besieged Leningrad, the teacher Valentina Kozlovskaya worked. In her care were kids 3-4 years old. It was the winter of 1943. The teacher sewed a cat out of shreds, rags and tow. He became a universal favorite - with the sounds of air raids, the guys first of all took care of the cat. In the bomb shelter, the most obedient or the weakest were trusted to carry it. One of these was Igor Khitsun. A fragment of a Nazi bomb crushed his shin. But he did not feel pain and did not fully understand what had happened: “Nanny, nanny, will they sew my leg soon? After all, they sewed a whole cat so quickly!

In the most terrible winter, 1942-1943, everything was much gloomier. Many felt that they were in the underworld. “We have a hundred children,” recalled the sister-teacher of the preschool orphanage No. 38. They sit for hours in silence and without moving. They get angry, cry and fight when they see a smile. It hurt to see the children at the table as they ate. Bread was crushed into microscopic pieces and hidden in matchboxes. Children could leave bread as the most delicious food and enjoyed the fact that they ate a piece of bread for hours, examining it as if it were some kind of curiosity.

There were also bright sides. Leningraders remember circus performer Ivan Narkevich. He did not go to the front due to disability. But he managed to keep two trained dogs and from April 1942 he began to bypass kindergartens and schools. And the kids forgot that "grandmother was taken away dead on a sled", that "when they bomb, it's very scary."

The kids forgot. They even need it. But those who say that Leningrad should have been handed over to the Germans cannot be forgiven. In memory of the children who died of hunger and saw the death of their parents.

She lived before the war on the 2nd line of Vasilyevsky Island, in the house 13/6, the Savichev family is large, friendly and already with a broken fate. The children of a NEPman, a "disenfranchised", the former owner of a bakery and a small cinema, the Savichev Jr. had no right to enter institutes or join the Komsomol. But they lived and enjoyed. Little Tanya, while she was a baby, was put in the evenings in a laundry basket, placed under a lampshade on the table and gathered around. What was left of the whole family after the siege of Leningrad? Tannin's notebook. The shortest diary in this book.

No exclamation marks. Not even dots. And only the black letters of the alphabet on the edge of the notebook, which - each - became a monument to her family. Elder sister Zhenya - with the letter "F", - who, dying in the arms of another sister, Nina, asked very much to get a coffin, a rarity at that time - "otherwise the earth will fall into her eyes." Grandmother - with the letter "B", - who, before her death, punished her not to bury her for as long as possible ... and to receive bread on her card. A monument to my brother Leka, two uncles and my mother, who was the last to leave. After the “Savichevs died”, 11-year-old Tanya put wedding candles from her parents’ wedding and Nina’s sister’s notebook in which she drew her drawings into the Palekh casket, and then Tanya herself chronicled the death of the family and, orphaned and exhausted, went to distant relative of Aunt Dusya. Aunt Dusya soon gave the girl to an orphanage, which was then evacuated to the Gorky, now Nizhny Novgorod region, to the village of Shatki, where Tanya died away for several more months: bone tuberculosis, dystrophy, scurvy.

Tanya never found out that not all of the Savichevs died, that Nina, with whose chemical eyeliner she wrote the 41st line of her short story, and brother Mikhail, the evacuees, survived. That my sister, having returned to the liberated city, found a Palekh box with Aunt Dusi and handed over the notebook to the museum. I did not know that her name was heard at the Nuremberg trials and became a symbol of the Leningrad blockade. I didn’t know that Edita Piekha sang “The Ballad of Tanya Savicheva”, that astronomers named the minor planet No. 2127 - TANYA in her honor, that people carved her lines in granite ...

Tanya spent her first terrible day with her friend Vera (Vera Afanasievna Nikolaenko), who lived with her parents on the floor below the Savichevs. Vera was a year older than Tanya and the girls talked like neighbors. During the Siege, Vera and Tanya did not see each other. Vera hardly left the house and did not know what was going on with her neighbors. But on the morning of May 13, 1942, Tanya came to them herself.

"Tanya knocked on our door in the morning. She said that her mother had just died, and she was left all alone. She asked for help to take the body. She was crying and looked very sick."

Vera's mother, Agrippina Mikhailovna Nikolaenko, sewed up the body of Maria Ignatievna in a gray blanket with a strip. Vera's father, Afanasy Semyonovich, who was wounded at the front, was treated in a hospital in Leningrad and had the opportunity to come home often, went to a kindergarten nearby and asked for a two-wheeled cart. On it, he and Vera together carried the body across the entire Vasilyevsky Island across the Smolenka River.

“Tanya couldn’t go with us - she was completely weak. I remember the cart on the paving stones bounced, especially when we walked along Maly Prospekt. The body wrapped in a blanket leaned to one side, and I supported it. There was a huge hangar behind the bridge across the Smolenka. We brought the body there and left it. I remember there was a mountain of corpses. When they entered there, a terrible moan was heard. It was air coming out of the throat of someone from the dead ... I became very scared.
The corpses from this hangar were buried in mass graves at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery, so Tanya's mother lies there."

When the Arguments and Facts newspaper in January 2004 published an article about Nina and Misha entitled “Not everyone died of the Savichevs,” Vera’s son called her editorial office and said that his mother was burying Tanya Savicheva’s mother. The editors called her and found out all the details. After that, Vera met with Nina. Nina was very surprised when she found out that her mother was buried at the Smolensk cemetery, because before that she was sure that her mother, along with her uncles, grandmother and brother, were buried in mass graves at the Piskarevsky cemetery. The State Memorial Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad at one time even told her the numbers of these graves. However, the staff of the Piskarevsky cemetery archive established with accuracy that Maria Ignatievna Savicheva was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery, right next to her husband's grave. True, they made a mistake during registration: for some reason, the middle name Ignatievna was replaced with Mikhailovna. Under this name, she is listed in the electronic Book of Memory of the cemetery.
Tanya stayed with Nikolaenko all that day and stayed the night.

“She said that she would go to live with her aunt. In the evening my father came, brought some herring. We sat down to dinner. Tanya ate a piece and said:“ Oh, I’m all salty. ”When we went to bed, she showed a cloth bag hanging on a rope at around her neck. She explained that there were jewels left over from her father. She was going to exchange them for bread. The next morning, Tanya left. I never saw her again."