Weaving from straw for beginners: video of making a product and mk. What can be made from straw? How do you make crafts out of straw, such as a goby or a house? Weaving straw round coasters

20.06.2020

1. It is best to use rye straws for weaving. The stalk of rye among all cereal plants has the greatest length and is distinguished by its strength. When soaked, rye straw is the softest and most plastic. Wheat straw is also suitable for weaving, but it is shorter, rougher and thicker than rye straw.

2. Prepare straws in late July - early August, when the ear is just beginning to fill. Cut the stems close to the ground. If the prepared straw is damp and greenish, it must be dried, otherwise it will crinkle, turn black and become unsuitable for weaving.

3. Dry the straw by spreading the stems in a thin layer in a horizontal position and periodically turning. Green straws, dried in the shade, retain their color. The straw dried in the sun is whitened and its golden hue is enhanced.

4. After drying, the straw should be cleared of leaves. It is convenient to do this by cutting the stem into segments between the nodes. Cutting off the knee, at the same time remove the leaves attached to it.

5. Sort straws cut and peeled from leaves immediately by length and thickness. Well dried and sorted straws can be stored in cardboard boxes for more than one year, while it does not lose its decorative and plastic qualities.

6. In weaving, three upper, thinnest knees are often used, which have a uniform thickness along the entire length.

7. Before work, the straw must be soaked or steamed. Immerse bundles of straw required for work in a large container of water. If the straw has recently been harvested, soak it for half an hour in water at room temperature. Fill last year's straw with hot water and, pressing down with a yoke, stand until it becomes soft. But do not leave the straw in the water for a long time so that it does not turn black.

8. After removing from the water, wrap the straw in cellophane or a damp cloth so that it does not dry out during use.

9. If unused straw remains, dry it. Subsequently, it can be used again.

Technologies and types of weaving

There are four main types of weaving from straw: spiral, straight, weaving of flat and volumetric braids. Before you start weaving directly from straw, it is better to practice weaving braids from multi-colored paper strips.

Spiral weaving (fig. 1). The essence of this type of weaving lies in the fact that a slightly twisted straw rope is wrapped with a strong twine (linen thread, ribbons of vine, root, bast, birch bark) and laid in tight spirals in a spiral. The thickness of the rope depends on the size of the product being made, the volume of which is formed during the weaving process. With a tourniquet, laid in a spiral, the volume is increased in height, at the same time narrowing or expanding it. Therefore, the shapes of products made using the spiral weaving technique, as a rule, are round, spherical or cylindrical, at the base - round or oval.

Rice. 1. Spiral weaving: a - the beginning of weaving; 6 - connection of the bundle with twine; c - a device for controlling the thickness of the bundle; d - the end of weaving; e - shuttle for tightening the harnesses.

Weaving of any container starts from the middle of the bottom. Several thin stems, folded together, are wrapped with twine and rolled into a small ring (a). Having wrapped the ring several times with twine, gradually twist the rest of the bundle around it. After each turn, the needle is slipped under the next turn of the twine located on the previous spiral (b). With an increase in the diameter of the braided circle, the distances between the turns of the twine increase, therefore, so that the distance between the turns is more or less the same all the time, from time to time they make “idle” turns of the twine around the bundle, after which the needle picks up the required turn of the twine. In order for the bundle to be laid to be strong enough, it must be constantly twisted in one direction. It is also necessary to ensure that the thickness of the bundle is always constant, adding new bundles of straw in time. It is convenient to control the thickness of the bundle using a metal or plastic tube (c). Finishing work on each product, the remainder of the bundle is cut so that it smoothly passes to the thin end (d). After that, it is wrapped with twine, and the connection of the bundle becomes almost invisible. To weave a handle or an openwork lumen in the wall of the vessel, the tourniquet is wrapped with tape for 4-7 cm and then attached to the previous row so that an arc is formed. You can repeat this technique along the entire row, and attach the next row to the resulting arches. The last turn of the spiral is braided with a ribbon (twine), as usual, and then, returning back, the gaps are braided. If the bundles are wrapped with not very thick twines or coarse threads, then instead of a needle it is convenient to use a special wooden shuttle. It is cut from the hardwood of birch, pear, apple, beech. A fairly large supply of threads is wound on the shuttle, and this makes it possible to braid the straw bundle almost continuously (e).

Laying the bundles spirally in one plane, flat circles of various diameters are obtained, which can serve as stands, rugs. If it is necessary to weave a dish, bowl or deep basket, then in the process of weaving, each next turn of the bundle is increased or decreased depending on the shape. Wanting to make the walls of the vessel cylindrical, bundles of the same size are built up vertically. With an increase in the diameter of each successive turn, the vessel expands, and with a decrease, it narrows.

Straight weave (fig. 2). Straight weaving is similar to the process of making a cloth on a loom. It is carried out from straws flattened or flattened into a tape. The moistened thick straw is smoothed along the stem with a knife or needle and smoothed on the board with a blunt knife, first from the wrong side, then from the glossy side, the operation is repeated several times until the straw becomes a straight ribbon. Plain weave is carried out according to the scheme (a) in the following sequence: the required number of straw ribbons, determined by the size of the conceived braid, are laid vertically parallel to each other and their ends are glued or pressed with a press. Raise four straws through one and place the first horizontal straw under them perpendicular to the odd straws. Then the odd vertical straws are raised and the second horizontal straw is placed, etc. The straws fit tightly together. Dry the braid under the press. With diagonal weaving (b), horizontal straws are shifted not through one, but through two vertical ones, and in each row the weave is shifted to the right or left by one straw. The surface of the braids, made using the straight weaving technique, has the effect of a light and shade game, emphasizing the pattern and texture of the weaving. Such braids are used as a background in panels, napkins, appliqué fragments and details of volumetric products.

Rice. 2. Straight flat weaving: a - linen, b - diagonal.

Flat braids. Weaving flat braids allows you to get flat braided ribbons from individual straws. They differ in width, pattern, density. The appearance of the braids, their strength, rigidity, plasticity depend on the thickness, the number of straws and the way they are woven. Sewing flat braids, you can make various household and decorative items. According to the number of straws from which flat braids are woven, they are divided into two-endings, three-endings, four-endings, etc. The widest flat braid has eleven ends.

Let's consider the processes of performing the following flat braids: three-end, four-end, five-end, six-end, catfish.

When weaving all these braids, the generally accepted rules must be followed:
- take for weaving the middle, uniform along the entire length of the stem of the straw;
- pick up straws of different lengths so that they do not end at the same time;
- weave tightly, as the weaving weakens when the straw dries;
- build up the next straw after the joint of the previous one is braided;
- build up a straw by inserting one end into the other, or overlapping one end on the other by 2 cm, or engaging by splitting the stem;
- fix the folds of the edge straws exactly at the desired angle, ironing them with a strong movement of the fingers;
- weave braids from separate straws from ourselves, keeping the braided part on our knees;
- thick braids can be weaved to yourself, after fixing the straws on the table;
- roll the finished braid with a wooden rolling pin until it dries so that it becomes even and flat.

For weaving a three-end (fig. 3) two straws are used. Straw 1 is placed horizontally, and straw 2 - at an angle of 45 ° to it (a). Then the ends of the straw 2 are bent at right angles to each other (b). The straw 1 is bent, in turn, at right angles to the straw 2 on the right (c). In the next step, the straw 2 on the left is bent along a line running at an angle of 45 °. Then straw 2 on the right is also bent at an angle of 45 °, overlapping the other end of the same straw located in the middle (d, e). Starting from this point, all operations of the three-end braiding are repeated in the same order.

Rice. 3. Three-end braid.

The four-end braid (Fig. 4) differs from the previous one in its greater width and more complex weaving pattern. The straws are placed at an angle of 60 ° to each other (a). The straw 1 is bent around the straw 2. Then one end of the straw 2 is bent to the left (b, c), and the other - to the right and pushed under the adjacent straw 1 (d). After that, the end of the straw 1, located on the right, is bent to the left (e), and its other end, located on the left, is bent to the right and slipped under the straw 2. This closes the weaving cycle and then repeats the weaving in the same sequence.

Rice. 4. Braid-four-end.

The five-end (Fig. 5) turns out to be somewhat wider.
Option I: Plait it, picking up three straws. Straws 2 and 3 are simultaneously bent around straw 1 so that a right angle is obtained between their ends (I - a, b). Straw 1 is bent to the left and slipped under the adjacent straw 3 (I - b). Then, straw 3 is bent on the left side, placing it above straw 2, and slipping under straw 1 (I - b, c). Straw 2, on the right, is intertwined with straws 3, and straw 2 (left) - with straws 1 and 2 (I - c, d). Further weaving is carried out in the same order.

Rice. 5. Braid-five-end.

Option II: The braids of the five-endings begin as when braiding the braids-four-ends, using only two straws. They are placed at an angle to each other (II - a), and then intertwined like a four-end (II - b, c). At the next stage, straw 3 is inserted into the braid and, alternately bending the extreme straws, they are intertwined with others in the braid (II - d, e).

A six-end braid (Fig. 6) is woven using a special pin, which is bent from steel wire. The straws are pinned with a pin at a certain angle (a) and bent at the point of its attachment (b). After that, they begin to weave the straws without worrying that they will crumble. Straw 3 in the middle is intertwined with straws 1 and 2 (c). The straw 3 (c, d) on the right is also intertwined with them. Then the leftmost straw 1 is intertwined with straw 2 and two straws 3 (d, e). In the same sequence, they weave further. When all the straws have been intertwined repeatedly, take out the pin.

Rice. 6. Six-end braid.

The six-end braid, like all other flat braids, twists along a helical line when it dries. Moreover, braids, consisting of an even number of straws, twist more strongly than those that are woven from an odd number of straws. Therefore, the finished braids are moistened and smoothed with a hot iron, and then rolled into rolls, tied in several places with twine and stored in a dry place.

The "catfish" braid (Fig. 7) is used for sewing hats, bags, decorating the edges of products, decorating straw sculptures, etc. It has serrated edges, a beautiful pattern, and is easy to use. The braid does not stretch, but at the same time it is able to bend.

Rice. 7. Braid "catfish".

They begin to weave a "catfish" in the same way as a simple four-tip (a, b, c, d). And only at the fifth stage of weaving does the first difference arise, when the first is formed and the second clove begins to form. The right end of the straw 2 is pushed into the netting, bends around the straw 2 on the left and is brought out over the straw 1 (e, f). In turn, straw 2, located on the left, is pushed into the weaving and taken out on the right (g). As a result of these operations, a second tooth is formed. Starting to form the third clove, the straw 2 brought out on the right is bent around the straw 1 (h). All further operations to form the remaining teeth are similar to the previous ones.

Bulky braids. Their volume is achieved by weaving methods and the use of frames made of straw, wire, vines, sticks, etc. These braids are used as parts, cords when assembling products from straw, for making jewelry (head hoops, bracelets, straw flowers, etc.).

The simplest and most plastic volumetric braid is a chain (Fig. 8). It can be stretched, compressed with an accordion, laid out in a spiral. A "chain" of one straw is braided, which is bent at an angle of 45 ° (a). As a result, its ends will be at right angles to each other (b). The fold line should be prudently shifted to one of the ends so that they are of different lengths and do not grow at the same time. At the next stage of weaving, the left end of the straw is bent at a right angle (c). In turn, the end of the straw, located on the right, is also bent at a right angle (d). The end of the straw, which is at the bottom, is bent from top to bottom (e). And now the other end of the straw is bent at a right angle from left to right (e). This is done until a "chain" of the desired length is obtained. The build-up is carried out by simply placing straws on their ends.

Rice. 8. Bulky braided "chain".

Wicker squares, polygons, rhombuses are most often used for decorating boxes, decorating sculptures, making decorative ornaments.

The principle of weaving of all figures is the same, therefore, it is enough to master the techniques of weaving of the simplest of them - a square (Fig. 9). They begin to weave with the manufacture of the frame (a). Two straws (sticks) are placed at right angles to each other and tied tightly. At the same time, a straw ribbon is tied to the crosspiece. Then it is sequentially wrapped around the crosspieces, thus obtaining the first spiral of the square (b - k). The second, third and other turns are performed in the same way. When the straw ends, a new one is inserted with a thin part (tip) into the butt of the ending straw at the moment when the next turn around the rack (l) is to be made. The new straw is wrapped around the rack, clamping the end of the old one. Having finished weaving, the end of the braid is sealed under a straw located on the opposite side of the square (l).

Rice. 9. Weaving a square.

The shape of each polygon is determined by the shape of the cross: for a hexagon, these are three intersecting straws, for an octagon, four. Since the frame of the cross is completely braided with straw, it can be made of wire, which is very convenient when fixing squares and polygons on the walls of wooden or cardboard boxes. A square or other three-dimensional figure, woven from straw of two colors, arranged in a certain order, emphasizes the natural beauty of the straw, creates a special rhythm.

If you fantasize a little, you can make a lot of bright Christmas tree decorations from straws on the basis of a polygon (Fig. 10). In this case, the crosses are made from long straws, then they are bent and connected in various ways.

Rice. 10. Christmas tree decorations made of straw.

Finishing braids. They are of two types: flat and twisted. Weave them from at least four straws. They are used to decorate products sewn from flat braids, as well as various boxes and boxes. Finishing braids are plastic, bend well, different shapes can be laid out of them, and if you insert a wire into the braid, it will retain the given bend. The twisted braid can be made in the form of an expanding or contracting spiral. This is achieved by thickening the frame in the right place or by special stacking of straws. Such braids are light, delicate. Usually, thin straw from the top of the stem is used for finishing braids.

To weave a flat braid (Fig. 11), take four straws, firmly tie their ends. The two middle straws are, as it were, the base - the core, which is braided by two other straws located along the edges. First straw 1 is brought under medium straws, and then straw 2 (b, c). Straw 1, in turn, is laid on top of the kernel, attracted from above with straw 2 (d) and folded in the opposite direction over the kernel (e). On the other side, straw 1 is again attracted by straw 2 (e). The rest of the weaving is carried out in the same sequence (g, h). The width of the finishing braid depends on the number of straws in the core.

Rice. 11. Weaving of a flat finishing braid.

The twisted braid (fig. 12) is fixed in the same way as a flat one, and weaving begins. Straw 1 located on the right is pushed between straw 2 and two central straws (b). In turn, with straw 2 they go around the end of straw 1, bring it out over the central ones - the cores and push it into the loop formed on the right by straw 1 (c). The resulting knot is tightened tighter and weaving continues. Straws 1 and 2 change roles: now straw 2 is pushed between straw 1 and the kernel, and straw 1 is rounded around the end of straw 2 and pushed into the loop formed on the right by straw 2 (d). The resulting knot is also tightened tighter. All other knots are knitted in the same sequence. During the weaving process, the braid will twist evenly clockwise. The ending side straw is built up by inserting the end of the new straw into the next loop. The bond will be stronger if you weave the old straw together with the new one for a while. The straws of the core may not be very flexible, while the side straws should be highly plastic. To check this quality, one or two are taken from a batch of soaked straws and tied with a simple knot. If the knot turns out to be round, without chips or splits, and the straw around it is not cracked, then such material is quite suitable for weaving.

Rice. 12. Weaving twisted finishing braids.

Straw beads are made from individual beads by stringing them on a string. First you need to practice on paper. Take a paper tape 1 cm wide, 15 cm long. Fold the strip seven times into squares and number them with numbers from 1 to 7 from left to right. The first two squares fold the triangle, holding them with the left hand, and with the right hand, aligning the upper side of square 3 with the upper side of square 2 at right angles, fold the tape over the fold and put square 4 on square 1. Turn the figure towards you and put square 5 on square 2, then square 6 - 3, and 7 - 4. Beads are made of straw tape 8-10 mm wide, the ends are tucked under the bead and cut off. For beads of the same size, take ribbons of the same width. If you need to make beads of different sizes, prepare ribbons of different widths. Make the beads so long that they pass freely through the head (about 50 beads); string them on a thread through the corners. Having mastered the basic types and methods of weaving from straw, you can start making simple products (napkins, coasters, baskets, hats). But first you need to familiarize yourself with the methods of stitching braids.

Sewing braids. Products from braids are sewn by hand with a needle or on a sewing machine. Depending on the purpose of the product, they choose the type of braid and the method of sewing - butt or ledge.

When stitching end-to-end (Fig. 13), the edges of the braids to be pulled together are alternately hooked with a needle and pulled together as tightly as possible with a thread. Braids sewn in this way represent a flat surface, since they are all on the same level. Braids are fastened together in the manufacture of mats, screens, decorative panels, etc.

Rice. 13. Butt-sewing of flat braids.

Braids are sewn with a ledge for all kinds of hats, bags, lampshades and other products shown in Fig. 14. Consider this method of fastening braids using the example of making a hat. It will require weaving 15-20 m of "catfish", which must be moistened before stitching, then it will fit well in shape and not split when pierced with a needle. Sew in a spiral. The hat, as you know, consists of a bottom 2 (Fig. 14), a crown 3 and brims 1. Start to sew from the bottom. Around the end of the "catfish", bent back by 5 cm, lay the loops of the braid tape along the oval. On rounded sections, stretch it slightly on the outside. Each turn is applied to the previous one by 1/3 of the width of the tape and sewn. Sewing should be done with threads of the color of the straw, making stitches no more than 2-3 mm and trying to place them on the teeth. After 8-10 turns have been sewn (hat size 56-58), the next turn is folded down from the stitching, and the subsequent turns are laid out along its perimeter and lined with a crown 6-7 cm high. the edge of the tenth turn is allowed in length and folded up. For fields, it is enough to sew 8 turns. The end of the "catfish" is sewn under the previous turn. In the process of stitching, it must be remembered that if the braid is let down, the shape of the product will increase, if pulled, it will decrease.

Rice. 14. Products from flat braids sewn with a ledge.

In the same way, hemispherical products are made - a bowl, a dish, a box, a tray. Lay the moistened braid, bending it in a spiral. Each new turn of the spiral is superimposed on the previous one with a step of 2-6 mm. For a medium-sized bowl, you will need up to 20 m of wicker 10 -12 mm wide (woven from 7 straws), for a box with a lid - at least 50 m of wicker.

The finished product is leveled by tapping with a hammer on its surface or ironing it through a wet cloth.

Thatch sculpture. The art of plastic straw is one of the most difficult types of straw weaving. In addition to the handicraft skills of free possession of the material, it requires a special sense of form, volume, knowledge of the artistic features of the straw, the ability to notice and convey the characteristic features of the depicted. For the sculpture, take the upper, thinner and longer part of the rye straw. And if the figure is large, then the entire stem. The frame is made from a bunch of steamed straw; structural knots are tied with thick threads or wire very tightly. Usually, the dressings are covered with straw tape. To fill the volume of the sculpture, paper, cotton wool, fabric are used, and flexible wire is used to convey movement and stability. After the end of weaving, the figurine is wrapped with ribbons of soft fabric until it dries completely.

In fig. 15 shows the stages of making a horse - a traditional example of folk straw plastics. A small figure is connected from three beams: the head, neck, front legs - from the first, the body and tail - from the second, hind legs - from the third. The mane and ears are made separately.

Rice. 15. Making a straw horse.

Manufacturing process: 1 - a long bundle of straw is tied at one end; 2 - turn it inside out and bandage it as close to the edge as possible; 3 - make a second dressing, determining the length of the horse's head; under this dressing, ears are inserted, woven from four straws, the ends of which depict bangs; 4 - shape the mane by tying bunches of straw around the neck and trimming them; 5 - fold the bundle of straw from the second dressing down almost at a right angle to the head; 6 - make the front legs, dividing and bandaging the bundles of straws twice - below and in the middle.

The torso is performed from the second bundle, laying it in the middle over the dressing between the neck and front legs; the ends of the bundle are connected and secured behind the neck. The bundle for the hind legs is thrown over the bundle-torso and tied at the bottom, and then the legs are made out of it in the same way as the front ones. The tail can be left in a bun or twisted into a tourniquet. If the straws are split and intertwined, and after drying, unlaced, the tail will be lush and wavy.

Thus, it is possible to make any animalistic straw sculpture, the expressiveness of which is achieved by conveying the appearance of the animal, observing the ratio of the length of the body and its thickness, the length of the legs to the size of the body, as well as the design of the frame with decorative elements.

Decorate the product made of straw with various overhead details. These are voluminous braids (diamonds, chains, constrictions, twisted plaits, accordions, etc.) and flat, lined with patterns. For decorative purposes, tinted straws are used; from its split knees, tassels, bows, suns, etc. are obtained.

Thatched "spider". This is a suspended decorative structure, one of the most interesting inventions of folk weaving. Collected from several dozen or even hundreds of straw tubes, "spiders" are almost weightless. Rotating incessantly under the ceiling, they shimmer with a fantastic golden patterned sheen. The body of the "spider" is a spatial structure carrying decorative elements, similar to a spider web. It is characterized by openwork, geometrism of forms, proportionality of parts. In Belarusian straw weaving, the most traditional are "spiders" of pyramidal and rhombic shapes.

Rice. 16. Making a "spider".

Such structures are assembled from separate spatial rhombic elements (Fig. 16). To tie a rhombus, 12 straws of the same length and thickness are first cut. Then they are strung on a thread using a thick needle. The four extreme straws are tied into a square, on one of the sides of which two straws are placed so that a triangle is formed. Such triangles are performed on each side of the square. The first pair of triangle straws is twisted through the base to the center of the square, the second pair from the center, the third to the center, and the fourth from the center. When the fourth pair is twisted, the remaining end of the thread is tied to the other end. The result should be a flat shape with a square in the center. To get a spatial rhombic figure, you need to lift up the second and fourth triangles and tie them together, and the first and third ones must be taken in the opposite direction and also connected. To prevent the straws from being cut with thread, they should be moistened before assembling the rhombuses. To ensure the rigidity of the structure as a whole, it is possible to insert a flexible wire into the main bearing rhombus, and fix the corners of the remaining rhombuses with PVA glue.

Weaving can rightfully be called one of the oldest crafts. Wickerwork at all times can be adapted to modern life, and many of them are still popular with the most sophisticated fashionistas (handbags, hats, bracelets, various jewelry).

For weaving, a variety of materials are used, one of which is cereal straw. Products made from straw not only play the role of household items, but at the same time are a work of art, for which the products of Belarusian masgers are especially famous (straw sculptures, shrushknas, decorative hanging "spiders", etc.).

Wickerwork is good everywhere: in a rural house, in an apartment, in a small dacha or in a modern cottage, in a nursery, in a recreation room and an office. Weaving, using their imagination and receiving great satisfaction at the same time, can be done by both adults and children, and even completely blind people. The process of weaving from straw can be mastered fairly quickly and soon you can already make toys, jewelry, bags, baskets, hats, rugs, boxes, caskets and even shoes. The starting material is straw, best of all rye - it is the most durable. Wheat straw (it is somewhat coarser, thicker and shorter), barley or oat straw (it is soft, with very beautiful shades of yellow and greenish colors), as well as stems of some herbs: wheatgrass, meadow mint, fescue, white field grass, timothy and others.

Straw is a tubular part of the stems of cereal plants, it can be of different shades: yellow, reddish, silvery green and other unusual colors. For high-quality products, it is best to grow rye or wheat yourself in a small area; for products, only straw mowed by hand with sickles is suitable. They use mainly straw harvested during the period of milky-wax ripeness.

The green straw that has been cut must be dried immediately, turning it over from time to time. If dried in the sun, the straw will acquire a golden color after 2-3 days; when dried in the shade, it will retain its green color; to obtain a silvery-white color, the straws must be shaken with hydrogen peroxide, then rinsed several times with hot water and dried. In addition, using aniline dyes. You can give the straws any color you like. In particular, when boiled in water with the addition of onion peels, the yellow color of the straw is enhanced, with alder or oak bark cones, it turns brown.

Leaves, spikelets, and the lower part of the stem are removed from dried straw. Each straw is cut into separate elbows to remove the knots. The two thinner upper beads are considered the best for weaving, the rest should not be thrown away, they are quite suitable for decorative details. Store the straw in a darkened room.
Before weaving, to give elasticity and flexibility, the straw must be soaked or steamed, for which it is enough to hold freshly dried straw in water at room temperature for 20-30 minutes, and the straw of an old workpiece must be poured with boiling water, in some cases it is necessary to boil for 10-15 minutes until she becomes flexible. The straw prepared in this way is kept in a plastic bag; for work, a small amount can be wrapped in a dense wet cloth.

For the manufacture of products, you practically do not need a special tool, you will need a ruler, scissors, twine, a large needle and linen needle and linen threads for sewing braids, a bag needle, an awl. With spiral weaving, it is convenient to use a shuttle instead of a needle and twine.
There are four main types of weaving from straw: straight, spiral, flat and volumetric weaving. The simplest types are spiral and straight weaving.

Spiral weaving technology. Several thin straws are folded together in a bundle, wrapped with twine and rolled into a tight ring. The ring is wrapped several times with twine, the rest of the rope is gradually twisted around it, while after each turn the needle and twine are passed under the next turn of the twine located on the previous spiral.

Twisting goes in one direction all the time. To maintain a constant thickness of the bundle (you can control it with the help of some kind of tube), it is necessary to add bundles of straw in time. At the end of the work, the remainder of the bundle is trimmed so that it smoothly fits to the thin end, after which it is wrapped with twine. Instead of twine, you can use ribbons of vine, root, bast, birch bark, they look more attractive.
In this way, you can get circles of different diameters, that is, you can make different coasters for dishes, rugs. Depending on the shape, each subsequent turn can be increased, the diameter of the product will expand or, conversely, decrease, then the diameter of the product will narrow. Using these techniques, you can weave baskets, bowls, dishes, etc.

Straight weave technology. For this type of weaving, a pre-moistened thick straw must be smoothed along the stem with the blunt end of a knife on a board, first from the wrong side, then from a glossy one, until the straw becomes a straight ribbon. The amount of straw required for a particular product
tapes are stacked vertically parallel to each other, while the ends are best glued or clamped. Even straws are raised (through one), and the first horizontal straw is placed under them perpendicular to the odd straws. Next, the odd vertical straws are raised, and the second horizontal straw is placed in the same way, etc.

Drying such a braid is necessary under a press. Using this technique, you can make a diagonal weaving, only horizontal straws are shifted not through one, but through two vertical ones, in each row shifting the weaving to the right or left by one straw.
Straight and diagonal weaving is usually used for weaving napkins, individual fragments of applications, as a background in panels and in other similar products.

In addition to the simplest types of weaving described above, it is necessary to learn how to make flat braids: three-ended, four-ended, five-ended, six-ended. "Catfish", as well as voluminous braids. Volumetricness is achieved by weaving methods and the use of frames made of straw, wire, vines, sticks, etc. Usually, caskets, various boxes, caskets are woven using frames.

Lashes from individual straws are weaved "from themselves", keeping the braided part on the knees; thick whips, woven from bunches of straw, weave "to themselves", having previously attached its beginning to something. Braids can be prepared in advance, and then they can be used as parts, cords when assembling products from straw, as well as for making jewelry such as bracelets, hair bands, etc.
For a medium-sized bowl, you will need up to 20 m of wicker 10-12 mm wide (woven from 7 straws), for a box with a lid, at least 50 m of wicker.

In addition to the ability to weave in different ways, it is necessary to learn how to sew braids to make various products. Sew them by hand with forward stitches or<адазад иголку», способа-ми «встык», «уступом», «плоскостью» или с помощью швейной ма-шинки. Всгык обычно сшиваются плетенки при изготовлении панно, ширм, циновок. Уступом сшиваются плетенки дня всевозможных го-ловных уборов, сумок, абажуров и других аналогичных изделий. Го-товое изделие выравнивается постукиванием молотка или проглаживанием через влажную ткань утюгом.

Volumetric rhombuses and squares are collected from straws. They are made separately and then attached to boxes and chests. Due to the various combinations of volumetric rhombuses, rugs and round stitching, many options for one type of product are achieved. You can make a variety of dish stands, small and large cakes, hats, wicker flower pots, jewelry boxes. The more elegant and interesting the products are, the more they are in demand.

An important and ancient craft that people have mastered since ancient times is weaving. As a rule, people tried to use and tame everything that could be useful in this craft technique for their own purposes. All materials of plant origin could be useful to a person even for such a thing as weaving. For example, ears of wheat, or wild plants and other cereals were a good help in the manufacture of this or that handicraft. You will make weaving from straw in this article for beginners and learn interesting facts about the origin of this technology.

Things made using the technique of weaving from straw are called straw-weaving, and the technology itself is called straw-weaving. Straw is a versatile material for making crafts using the weaving technique. Because its stems are quite thin, but strong, which gives such crafts usefulness in everyday life and just a pleasant advantage over other materials.

To make the straws even more plastic, they are soaked in the manufacture of crafts. And when the straw dries up, it perfectly keeps the shape of the product. For example, rye straws tend to color well. Therefore, it is used as a basis in the manufacture of handicrafts to be painted.

To work with the straw was easy, it did not cause any inconvenience, the stems are processed, cutting off all excess processes, spikelets, leaves and nodules. If there was such a need, then it was dyed, perhaps even bleached and given the length, color, shape required for the product.

To use products made of straw in the 19th century in Vyatka. They also decided to purchase samples of hats, baskets, books, flowers made of straw for further study and modernization. In the future, MK and exhibitions were organized on this technique of weaving things and accessories. Therefore, after a while, such crafts became widespread not only as interior decoration and accessories, but also as an independent product for sale. Craftsmen working in this technique professionally were in great demand and delighted the eye with indescribable crafts.

Closer to 1889, an independent craft for the manufacture of straw hats appeared in the Vyatka province. This business was carried out by adolescents, boys about 11-16 years old. This was their main way of living and earning money from that time. Over time, straw hats began to acquire an increasingly elegant look, weaving techniques improved, and women began to acquire this accessory.

Years later, this craft has moved to a high level of quality and the counters with straw products have expanded their assortment. Conical bags, bags made using the screw-weaving technique, children's handbags, women's hats of various styles and colors - this is not a complete list of crafts made by the craftsmen of that time.

Already in the 20th century, dyed straw products became widespread.

Colors fashionable at that time:

Red
Yellow
Orange
Violet
Pink
Green
Grey.

As time went on, things made of straw began to gradually go out of fashion. The market was developing rapidly, all kinds of factory products and similar accessories simply did not have the former relevance and attractiveness for buyers.

To the delight of many craftsmen, today straw products are popular and in demand. They carry a certain aura and always help to make the interior of an apartment and a house more comfortable. Today's master class will teach you how to make crafts from straw with minimal cost and maximum pleasure from the process of making the product.

Learning weaving from straw for beginners to create a hat

Today, you will learn how to weave a baby straw hat with your own hands at home.

You will need:

Straw
Scheme.

You can find schemes for making a straw hat on the Internet, there are a great many of them.

Step-by-step instructions for making a hat:

Preparing a place to work. You look at the material that you will be working with.
Weave according to the pattern. Each of the crafts has its own sequential steps for working with the material. Therefore, following them, you can easily build a craft.
If you have a thin elastic band, you can attach it to the finished hat.
When the craft is ready, you can decorate it with all kinds of accessories in order to decorate it.

Wear for joy!

We will be glad if you like our master - class and come in handy.

Straw crafts: harvesting

The raw material for the work is straight sections of the middle part of the stems. The leaves will help you create the background of the product, and the knees are cut off. Straw ribbons are formed from the stems, which are used for crafts. The material can be dyed in any color using aniline fabric dyes.

Folk remedies can give the material noble shades. So, using a hot iron, you can easily change the color of the straw to brown, and hydrogen peroxide will add a silvery-white tint. When boiled in potassium permanganate, the material will acquire a pale pink color, and the baking soda solution makes it yellow-golden.

There are 2 ways to make straw belts: hot and cold. If you use the cold method, it is enough to cut the stems lengthwise and smooth them with scissor rings. The cold method helps the strips stay shiny and elastic for a long time.

The hot method includes preliminary steaming of the straw stalks at a temperature of 80 degrees. After boiling, the stems are cut lengthwise and ironed with a hot iron. The ribbons are wide and shiny, ready to go.

What can be made from straw?

Flower

You will need:

Straw;
The fabric is purple or another color;
Threads to match the fabric;
Yellow ribbon;
Wire;
Thin paper;
Thin cardboard;
PVA glue;
Scissors;
Wide capacity;
Ammonia 10 percent - 1 tsp
Hydroperite - 9 tablets;
Water - 500 ml.

Instructions for weaving a flower from straw:

Prepare a solution by mixing hydroperite, ammonia and water in a container. Place the straws in a wide container and cover with the prepared mixture. Leave on for 6 hours: stir the material several times to whiten evenly.
After bleaching, rinse thoroughly. For a flower, you will need 10 straws. Use scissors to cut them along the grain and unfold with your hands. Using a hot iron, iron the strips from the inside to straighten them.
Stick the strips onto thin paper using PVA. Press firmly so that no gaps are visible. Using a rolling pin, roll the prepared layer.
Make a stencil out of cardboard, put it on the layer. Draw 12 leaves on the back and cut out.
Spread glue on each cut out leaf and glue the fabric to it. Take the threads, process them with glue and glue them to the edges of each leaf. Let the composition dry, then cut it out.
Cut out a circle with a diameter of 1 cm from cardboard and glue 6 leaves to it. Let dry. On the back side, glue the remaining leaves and wait again to dry.
Pierce the middle of the flower in two places and tie to a wire. Wrap the ribbon around the wire. The flower is ready! To create a bouquet, make some flowers, tie with a beautiful ribbon and place in a vase.

Read also: Do it yourself

Straw doll

Cut the strips into equal lengths. Fold in half. Shape the head with a wire or string, remembering to insert a toothpick or skewer into the knot.

Divide the body into 2 parts, tie it with rope and insert the straw hands. Braid your arms or wrap them in straws.

The ends of the arms can be tied to the belt, defining the waist of the straw doll, or left free. The straw doll is ready.

Weaving from straw

Goldmane horse

For work you only need straw, twine and wire.

The horse is assembled from 3 sheaves of straw. Twist one sheaf tightly near the end cut, securing it with wire. Leave the two long ends free. Bend the straws over the wire ring to the opposite side. Make sure the ends are inside the bundle of straw. Tie the bundle with twine and fold the top in an arc to form the base for the head and neck.
Now proceed with the execution of the mane. It is collected from individual straws. Go around each horse's neck and twist it with a string made of straw. When the mane is completely ready, take a new bunch and loop it around the horse's body, pulling it with twine.
Retreat a short distance, drag the bundle again with twine, marking the horse's body. Divide the rest of the straw into 3 parts - these will be the hind legs and tail. Bend 2 pieces of rope at right angles to your torso and tie with twine close to the end cuts.
Divide the first bundle of straw in half so that the ends of the wire are in the middle of each half - these are the front legs. The knees are designated by twisting the middle of the legs with twine and strips of straw. Cut or bend the protruding ends of the wire so that they are not visible. Bend your legs gently to give the impression of movement.
Take some straws and twist them with scissors or a screwdriver. Attach the tail to the horse's body.
The final stage of the product is finishing the figurine: tie the places with twine with straw strips. The golden-maned horse is ready! It can be presented to a child or friend who appreciates hand-made.

Straw paintings

Straw paintings are especially beautiful and original. Making such work is not difficult, the main thing is to follow the basic rules.

You will need:

Straw;
Scissors;
Cardboard;
Glue;
Iron;
Brush.

Instructions for making paintings from straw:

To make any painting you need a sketch. Take colored pencils and sketch a sample of the future craft on a scrapbook sheet.
Before painting, prepare the straw hot or cold. Prepare cardboard - this will be the basis of the picture. Using a pencil, sketch out the outlines of the details on the cardboard.
Cut the necessary pieces from the straw to the size of the details of the picture. Cover the back of the straw with glue and place it firmly against the cardboard where you want it. The main thing is not to rush so as not to spoil the product. Wait for the part to adhere well to the cardboard. Do this with every detail until you get the picture you want. Now paint it with paints and put it behind the glass.

Painting "Butterfly"

Cut out the wings, the body of the butterfly and the details of the pattern on the wings from the straw plate. Make sure the pair of wings is symmetrical. Cut the head and antennae from one wide strip of straw.

Draw a picture on cardboard and glue each straw piece to the desired location. First, it is better to glue the wings by placing patterns on them. Place the torso, head and antennae on top. Using paints, decorate your butterfly.

Painting "Squirrel"

Cut out the details of the squirrel from a straw plate: head (circle), torso (triangle), tail (large oval), ears (small triangles). Glue the details to the cardboard, creating a squirrel: first the torso, then the tail, head and ears. Cut out the eyes and mouth from a wide plate.

Straw is an ideal material for making crafts. You will get not only a lot of pleasure, but also beautiful original products. Create pictures, baskets, caskets, toys, bags, etc. from straw. You can decorate your home with straw figures or give your family or friends for any holiday. They will surely appreciate such an unusual gift!

To weave a hat, a basket, a suitcase, a bag, wall rugs and other products from straw, you must first prepare the straw, and then make a braided ribbon.

Such a ribbon is woven manually from solid, round straw of the first and second grade. For the thinnest industrial products, ribbons are woven from split straw.

In production, straw splitting is done with a special splitter, and in very large production facilities even with special machines. Since splitting straw is a difficult process, we will limit ourselves to weaving from round straw in this article. Let's say, however, that the process of weaving from round and split straw is the same.

There are many ways to weave straw ribbons. We will show you how to weave simplified ribbons - from two, three, four, five, six, seven and eleven straws.

For any weaving 3-4 hours before work, the straw must be soaked in cold water... If the straw is very old, it is even better to steam it, just as before flattening. Before work, remove the straw from the water, shake it off and roll it into a newspaper, spreading it out in a thin layer. This is necessary because dried straws no longer bend elastically, they prick and break at the slightest bend.

During work, fingers should also be moistened from time to time in a basin of water.... Straw slips easily from dry fingers. When weaving curly ribbons with “four” and “herringbone” teeth, as well as when weaving wide strips of ribbons from 7 and 11 ends, it is advisable to grease the fingers with a piece of bacon in order to give the weaving the strength of tightening all sides. In addition, greased fingers work faster, glide smoothly over the straw and do not hurt from friction in the folds.

Weaving round straw rugs: 1 - ways of weaving straw plaits in three and four ends; 2 - diagram of stitching a rectangular rug; 3 is a diagram of stitching a round rug.

Ribbon "deuce"... Two long straws are flattened, stacked on top of each other at a 90 ° angle and tied with a string. The lower straw is bent over to the top and becomes the upper one. Then a straw is bent over it, which is now at the bottom, and so on. When laying the straws, press one tightly against the other. Bend the straws upward with your right hand, hold the resulting accordion with your left hand and turn the next straw. When a straw runs out, extend it by placing a new straw on top of it.

The picture below will help you better understand the weaving process. Having finished weaving "two", tie the ends with a thread, as at the beginning of weaving, and slightly stretch the whip, like an accordion. Weaving "two" is only used for finishing, for example, a straw wall rug.

You can also use this weaving as a finishing cord when edging baskets, handbags and other products.

Weaving tape "two-end-two": 1 - the beginning of collecting straws; 2 - flexion; 3 - ready "deuce".

The "troika" ribbon is woven, like an ordinary braid, from three straws. Each turn of the straw is folded in tightly. This results in flattening of the round straw. Starting weaving without extensions, insert two straws into one another - with the narrow end into the wide one. Attach the third straw to two, with a slight overhang. While working, make sure that the twisted ends are pulled evenly on both sides, do not push the straws one on top of the other and do not leave gaps between them. The width of the belt depends on the thickness of the straws taken.

Weaving tape "three-end-three": 1 - collecting straws; 2 - ready-made "troika"; 3 - substitution of a new straw.

So that the lash does not break and does not get confused, wind the tape from time to time on a plank or on a hand in the form of a figure eight and tie it with a braid. As already mentioned in weaving "two", by imposing a new straw of the same thickness on the ending one, with a slight overturn on top, you make an extension.

Weaving with a new straw continues as usual. At the end of weaving, the excess ends sticking out in all directions are trimmed with scissors, and the woven ribbon, soaked again in water, is ironed with a hot iron. The ironed straw acquires the shine lost from soaking, in addition, the tape is pressed and comes out from under the iron flat and even.

Simple four-end tape... This braid is the most common. It is good for sewing hats and baskets. This tape is woven by the same techniques as the "troika" tape. Only in this case, they take four straws, push two straws into each other for lengthening. Fold them crosswise. Then one of the ends is folded back, the other from underneath to the top, as shown in the figure. Four ends are formed, from which weaving is carried out. The folds are tightly squeezed with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, and they continue weaving with both hands alternately, that is, the left side straw is bent back with the left hand and intertwined in the middle of the weaving with the neighboring one. The right straw with the right hand is bent towards itself at an angle and also intertwined in the middle. These bindings secure the braid and form the middle of the tape in a checkerboard pattern.

Weaving tape "four-end simple": 1 - collecting straws; 2 - flexion; 3, 4 - further course of weaving; 5-ready "four",

So, alternately braiding the left side all the time back, and the right upward, and weaving is carried out.

During work, make sure that the straws are evenly tightened, bend them correctly at an angle at the edges and do not allow gaps between them. This instruction applies to weaving in any way. Remember to flatten the straw with your fingers as you work, especially in the folds. In all cases, lengthen the ending straws as we indicated earlier - by overlaying a new straw on top of it. The excess ends are cut off at the end.

Tape "four-ended with teeth"... This braid is very beautiful and durable. Hats and baskets are also sewn from it, in addition, smooth products are trimmed with it. Two straws inserted into each other are folded and folded in the same way as in the previous "four-end". When you make two weaving moves - on the right and on the left, the work will become somewhat more complicated: forward, towards yourself, there will be no bends in this braid. This weave is based on only bending backwards. On the sides, denticles are formed evenly, then on the left, then on the right, consisting of two bent straws at an angle.

Weaving tape "four-end with teeth": 1, 2 - the beginning of weaving; 3 - finished braid.

The course of weaving is as follows: the left straw is bent back and intertwined in the center. Again, the left side is folded back and intertwined with the side on the right, overlapping it. The first tooth begins from this tip that comes out to the right. Bending it back, we form only half of the prong; to end it, we need to bend the next, right straw again back. Having finished the clove with this, the tip of the straw must be brought out to the left over the extreme left, as shown in the figure.

All subsequent work will be to weave the cloves on the sides and bind the straws in the center. A common mistake for beginners is not completing a clove and prematurely switching to the other side of the weave, or not intertwining the straws with each other in the center.

Eliminating mistakes in a timely manner, avoiding gaps and curvatures in weaving, this work is very quickly learned. Even preschool children can weave this braid. Start with small sticks, no elongation, using the braided strip as a bookmark.

Above: Braiding "five-end" or "pedal" tape: 1 - collecting straws; 2 - flexion; 3-ready "pedal".

Five-end tape, or "pedal"... It is woven in the same way as a "four-end without teeth". But the assembly of straws for weaving is somewhat different: two pairs of straws inserted into each other are placed side by side so that the end of one protrudes five centimeters. This is so that the straws do not have to be lengthened at the same time. In the middle of these two straws, perpendicular to them, a third straw is laid, the tip of which protrudes 2 cm above the transverse ones. All three straws are taken with the left hand, and with the index and thumb of the right hand, bend the ends of the two straws up, placing them, as shown in the figure.

Next, we bend the straw that was placed perpendicularly from right to left. We transfer all the straws to the right hand and with the fingers of the left hand bend the extreme left to the next one, and bring the next one to the third from the bottom. Thus, we get two straws on one side and three straws on the other. Having done the same on the right, we will alternately braid the straws further, bending at an angle on the sides and intertwining in the center with each other. Pedal tape is good for sewing hats, wallets, bags, boxes and rugs. Do not forget to wind up the finished whip from time to time into a skein, and at the end of the work, moisten and press under a hot iron.

Weaving tape "six-end", or "herringbone": 1 - picking up straws; 2 - flexion; 3 - left side of weaving with an "empty" step; 4-ready "herringbone".

Ribbon "six-end", or "herringbone".

It is woven like a "four-end with teeth". Only in the center the lash is formed not in a checkerboard pattern, but in the form of a herringbone. This tape is mainly used for trimming and edging art items and rugs. Use the little herringbone tutorials as bookmarks for books. The beginning of the tape is braided from six straws inserted into one another in pairs. Assemble these straws as shown in the figure. Further, in the center, they break at an angle. Bend the straw on the far right into the second one and bring it under the middle one; then we bend the far left into the second from the left and bring it under the third. All the time, the straws are clearly divided into three on the left and three on the right.

The herringbone weave is different from the four-toothed weave in stepping on the left side of the weaving, not through one, but immediately through two straws. On the left side, a clear stretching of the straw is obtained in the horizontal direction from clove to clove. "Herringbone" can be woven from both the thinnest and the thickest straws, flattening them with your fingers during weaving and, of course, like all braids at the end of the work, soaking, pressing and drying under the iron.

Above ( left): Weaving the tape "seven-legged", or "hina": 1 - picking up straws; 2 - flexion; 3 - ready-made "seven-ending", or "hina".

Above (right): Weaving "eleven-end" or "suitcase" tape: 1 - collection and flexion; 2 - ready-made "eleven-ending", or "suitcase".

"Semikontsovka" or "hina" ribbon.

In the south, the ribbon woven in this way is called "khina", after the name of the city of Khin, where large sun hats, awnings and curtains for the windows are woven from it.

The beginning of weaving is three straws bent in one direction with a fourth substituted perpendicular to them. Alternately, passing from one side to the other, bend four or three straws, forming a straight line on the sides at an angle. Those who have already learned how to weave the “five-end” can easily weave "Seven-ending", "nine-ending" and the widest band of eleven straws, the so-called "suitcase", as suitcases are usually sewn from it.

Tape "eleven-ending", or "suitcase"... It is woven from five straws bent in one direction and one perpendicular to them. The ends of the straws are split into five and six in different directions, as shown in the figure, and are alternately bent at an angle. Products from straw ribbons are sewn with threads by hand or on a sewing machine. When sewing by hand, the stitch is hidden between the straws. For machine stitching, a sparse line is sewn along the ribbon. The sewn on tape is applied up to half the width of the already sewn one. The tape lends itself well to stretching, ironing and sewing to any shape. The hats are sewn and ironed on a wooden bobblehead. They usually start sewing hats from the bottom.