Bleeding in early pregnancy. Bloody discharge during pregnancy

Tracking the nature and duration of spotting in early pregnancy is very important. Although such secretion is considered normal in the first weeks of gestation, it can also be a signal of various diseases and problems with the fetus.

It should be noted that bleeding in early pregnancy occurs in 75% of cases and most often indicates natural processes in a woman's body that occur after conception. But situations are also possible, the outcome of which will largely depend on a timely visit to the doctor. Therefore, you need to find out which discharge in the first weeks of pregnancy is considered the norm, and which indicate problems.

The main causes of bleeding

Natural discharge with blood can appear for the following reasons:

• attachment of the fetal egg (implantation bleeding);
• hormonal changes;
• active replenishment of the blood vessels of the genital organs.

Among the causes of bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy that require attention, we can distinguish:

• minor damage due to the vaginal probe or speculum;
• unsuccessful douching;
• discharge after sexual contact;
• vanishing twin.

In these cases, brown or slight red leucorrhoea may appear in the twelfth week. There is no need to worry, but it will not hurt to consult a doctor once again.

The result of spotting in the first trimester of pregnancy can also be:

• lack of progesterone;
• gynecological diseases;
• problems with the fetus;
• detachment of the placenta;
• placenta previa;
• spontaneous abortion;
• exfoliation of the chorion;
• cystic skid;
• cervical erosion;
• papillomas.

In this case, the secretion may have a smell, does not stop for a very long time and is accompanied by severe pain. Doctors advise paying attention to additional symptoms of pathology.

Variety of secretion by color

Bloody discharge at the 4th week of pregnancy and until the end of the first trimester can normally have the following options:

• transparent with a few drops of blood;
• brown discharge of a smearing nature;
• Pink colour;
• scarlet color.

If in the first trimester of pregnancy such secretion is observed once and does not cause discomfort, then there is no reason to worry.

Let's consider the causes of red discharge during pregnancy in more detail, analyzing some of the questions and comments of women on the forums.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy without pathology

During pregnancy (especially in the first month of pregnancy), secretion with blood may be the result of natural or relatively harmless processes, each of which has its own specific symptoms.

implantation bleeding

Olya, 27 years old: “Hello! I'm guessing I have . Tell me, does this happen or is it the menstruation that has been delayed for 2 weeks begins?

Very often, women take the presence of spotting at the 3rd week of pregnancy for the next menstruation. It is worth noting that the implantation of the fetal egg can occur both earlier and later, so slight bloody streaks can also indicate a successful conception.

During this period, brown or red marks on the linen appear due to the introduction of the embryo into the uterine mucosa. It turns out that it is minor damage to blood vessels that causes spotting in the first trimester of pregnancy. It can be:

• mucous whites with bloody streaks;
• small drops of blood on the panty liner;
• brown marks.

Therefore, in the third week and earlier, such secretion without additional symptoms is considered the norm. But still, bloody streaks in the whites should not be ignored for any suspicion.

After visiting the gynecologist

On the Internet, questions are quite popular regarding:

Anna, 30 years old: “Pregnancy for 6 weeks was not disturbed by bloody discharge, but after yesterday's examination at the gynecologist, I noticed a couple of red drops on the pad. What to do? Is this a miscarriage?

Blood discharge at the 6th week of pregnancy can sometimes occur as a result of microtrauma. Naturally, in such a case, women begin to worry, since it is already too late for implantation bleeding. During pregnancy at week 6, spotting may appear due to damage to blood vessels and capillaries by a vaginal probe or speculum. They will not be systematic, so they will immediately disappear almost on the same day. If you observe a similar secret for more than a couple of hours or their intensity increases, then the phenomenon is most likely not associated with a doctor's examination. In this case, you should immediately seek medical help.

After sexual intercourse

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy after sex is not considered a pathology, but in this case it is better to refuse sexual contact and consult a doctor, because you need to accurately determine the cause of their appearance, and whether there is a threat to the fetus. But in most cases, such secretion is the result of careless intercourse, so it makes sense to reconsider postures and stick to a more relaxed rhythm. You will find the full answer to the question: “What do they mean?”, You will find in one of our articles.

"The Disappearing Twin"

Doctors found that almost every eighth person had a twin in the womb, the development of which stopped at some point. Note that this process is very typical for artificial insemination. Here is what women write on the forums about this:

Zinaida, 36 years old: “I went through the IVF procedure because I had already lost faith in becoming a mother. Everything was fine, but soon there was spotting at the 12th week of pregnancy. I went for an ultrasound - they found the fading of one of the twins. I hope that everything will be fine with the second child, and the appearance of such a secretion will not harm gestation.

• in the lower abdomen there are spastic pains;
• convulsions may occur.

Only a doctor can confirm or refute such a condition with the help of ultrasound. As for the timing of the secretion, spotting at 10 weeks of gestation, but not before, may indicate a "vanishing twin".

A similar phenomenon most often passes without consequences for the health of the woman and the unborn child.

Possible pathologies with bleeding in the early stages

Unfortunately, spotting at the beginning of pregnancy can be dangerous not only for the fetus, but also for the mother. That is why doctors advise in case of any doubts and ailments to go to the hospital. The first trimester of pregnancy allows in most cases to correct the situation, but only with timely diagnosis.

Lack of progesterone

In some patients, doctors note a lack of progesterone, which calls into question the normal bearing of the fetus to term.

Victoria, 22 years old: “Pregnancy 5 weeks, spotting began to smear. I went to the hospital, where the doctor prescribed Duphaston. After taking the drug, everything stopped, but it's still scary. ”

Valentina, 31 years old: “At the 7th week of pregnancy, a daub began. Will I be able to keep the baby with progesterone shots alone?”

Bloody discharge at 5-12 weeks may well be caused by a lack of progesterone, but you can’t take drugs without permission, because the wrong dose may be useless or even aggravate the situation.

If the discharge at the 5th week of pregnancy began to disturb, and there are traces of blood on the daily basis, then you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe drugs such as: Duphaston, Utrozhestan, and also select their optimal dosage. Additional treatment may be prescribed. In this case, it is better not to self-medicate, but if you do not pay attention to this problem, then the situation may end in spontaneous abortion. Before using the listed drugs, find out what may be in the article at the link.

Detachment of the placenta

Larisa, 35 years old: “8 weeks of pregnancy and spotting arose unexpectedly, and they are more scarlet. She did an ultrasound at the hospital. Diagnosis - minor placental abruption. My stomach used to hurt, but now it's gone. Of the drugs pricked only papaverine. I'm worried and don't know what's going to happen next."

Bloody discharge at the 8th week of pregnancy, especially having a scarlet tint, may indicate placental abruption.

This negative process is caused by stress, trauma, allergies, high blood pressure, as well as bad habits.

As for the intensity of secretion, everything will depend on the area and place of detachment.

It is worth noting that the 7th week of pregnancy is an early period at which timely medical care can correct the situation and save the baby.

Various injuries

Olga, 26 years old: “I was 7 weeks pregnant and I fell. I didn't go to the hospital because there was no pain or bleeding. How stupid I was, because then I had to lie on conservation for almost the entire period.

This situation can occur at any period of bearing a baby, because during pregnancy a minor bruise or blow can cause damage to blood vessels. In this case, it does not hurt to consult a doctor who examines the fetus and gives recommendations.

placenta previa

Svetlana, 34 years old: “I am only in my ninth week, but the gynecologist diagnosed me with placenta previa. Has the placenta already formed by this time?

Many women think that placenta previa can only occur at a later date. In fact, spotting at the 9th week of pregnancy, and at any time, can be caused precisely by placenta previa. The main difference is systematic bleeding, which at first may be painless. In the first trimester, bleeding is mild, but it is at this time that actions must be taken to eliminate the threat to the life of both the mother and the child.

Spontaneous abortion

Rejection of the fetus can be caused by stress, infections, injuries, etc. Also, spontaneous abortion can occur if the body considers the fetus to be incompetent, especially if there are genetic abnormalities.

Blood may appear in small quantities without additional sensations, and sometimes severe bleeding may open. If you turn to the doctor at the first spotting secretion, then the probability of saving the fetus is very high. At a late stage of this process, there is practically nothing that can be done.

Chorion exfoliation

It is from the chorion that the placenta is formed during the second trimester. The chorion provides a link between the mother and her child, so its detachment threatens the fetus. This process may be accompanied by a small amount of brown secretion.

"Bubble Skid"

A very rare pathology, which is accompanied by the growth of placental tissue. A woman may not feel anything until the development of the fetus stops.
Soon there is a copious secretion of red color. In this case, the fetus cannot be saved. It is believed that this deviation is genetic in nature. As a rule, it manifests itself from the 11th week of pregnancy.

Cervical erosion and polyps

Increased blood flow to the uterus can cause vascular damage. As a result, there is a slight bleeding, which can appear for no reason or after sex. If this process quickly and spontaneously stopped, then it may be erosion of the cervix, which is exacerbated precisely during the gestation of the fetus.

All about this pathology and about, read by clicking on the link.

Another cause may be polyps of the cervical canal and decidual polyps. These growths most often disappear on their own, but if removal is prescribed, the doctor also prescribes concomitant treatment.

If you are planning a pregnancy or are already in a position, it does not hurt to get acquainted with all the causes of red secretion. It is very difficult for a woman herself to associate discharge during pregnancy in the early stages with a certain violation, therefore, keeping calm, it is necessary to go to the hospital at the first ailments. Remember that self-medication is dangerous for your health.

For a non-pregnant woman, spotting is a normal and natural phenomenon, an indispensable component of the reproductive cycle. Every month, many blood and lymphatic vessels form in the endometrium of the uterus, thanks to which it becomes soft and thick. When the cycle is wasted, the thickened mucosa is no longer needed, so it is shed, causing bleeding. But if the egg was fertilized by a sperm, the endometrium turns into a cozy bed for the future embryo. And then the rules disappear until the end of pregnancy.

If blood from the genitals suddenly appears during the bearing of a child, this is a sign that the pregnancy is at risk.

In what situations does spotting occur during pregnancy?

When spotting during pregnancy is a normal option

In the first months, spotting during pregnancy can be a variant of the norm if the body still “does not know” about the conception that has occurred. This can happen for several reasons.

The most common of them is that the fetal egg simply did not have time to reach the endometrium, gain a foothold and produce hormones that give the body a signal of pregnancy. The body continues to function normally and starts the "program" of menstruation.

Another scenario is the lack of hormones that the placenta produces. In this case, menstruation occurs at the usual time, as if there is no pregnancy.

The third situation, although rare, occurs: two eggs ripen in the ovaries at once and one of them is fertilized, and the second is rejected and causes menstruation.

All three cases do not pose a threat to either the baby or the mother. In the first trimester of pregnancy, bleeding caused by the above factors is usually scanty and usually painless.

Frozen pregnancy and the threat of miscarriage

In the early stages, women are most afraid of a missed pregnancy or miscarriage. Allocations with an admixture of blood may indicate the presence of these pathologies.

A missed pregnancy is a variant of miscarriage, in which the embryo stops developing and dies. But it also happens that the development of the embryo does not occur, although extra-embryonic organs continue to form. As a result, an empty fetal egg is formed. The risk of a missed pregnancy is increased at 3-4, 8-11 and 16-18 weeks, of which the 8th week is considered the most critical.

In addition to spotting, during pregnancy of a frozen type, there are often no other external signs, but symptoms such as cramping pains in the lower abdomen, chills, feeling unwell, and fever are possible. In this case, the doctor performs an ultrasound and a blood test for hCG. As a result of stopping the development of the embryo, as a rule, a spontaneous miscarriage occurs, but if this does not happen, medical abortion, curettage or vacuum aspiration is used to expel the fetal egg from the uterine cavity.

There are situations when, during the normal course of pregnancy for some time, the mother’s body still begins to get rid of the embryo: uterine hypertonicity occurs, the fetal egg exfoliates, and a miscarriage occurs. The reason for this condition may be improper attachment of the embryo, low levels of hormones, extreme psychological and physical stress. In the event of a threatened miscarriage, spotting during pregnancy is the surest symptom, they are accompanied by pulling and stabbing pains in the lower back or lower abdomen. But practice shows that if a woman receives medical care on time, the child can be saved.

Bloody discharge during ectopic pregnancy

The most tragic course of events is associated with the development of an ectopic pregnancy, when a fertilized egg does not descend into the uterine cavity, but is attached to its tube, ovary or abdominal cavity. Since these organs are not designed to carry a baby, excessive stretching and tearing of tissues occurs. In our country, this pathology occurs in one pregnant woman out of a hundred.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy of an ectopic type, as a rule, smearing, dark, accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, radiating to the anus. If the fallopian tube ruptures, the pain will be acute and unbearable, the woman may lose consciousness, and the discharge will turn into profuse bleeding.

Another scenario is internal bleeding, in which pressure drops, weakness, pain, and vomiting appear. This condition requires immediate surgery.

An ectopic pregnancy leaves no chance for the baby and threatens the life of the mother. With its symptoms, it is similar to a miscarriage, so it is important for a doctor to make an accurate diagnosis. This is done using an ultrasound of the pelvic organs with a transvaginal probe.

With any spotting during pregnancy in the early stages, the uterus is examined for the presence of a fetal egg, and then, if necessary, diagnostic laparoscopy is performed. If suspicions are justified, the fetal egg is excised. Today, in some cases, this can be done without removing the fallopian tube and, accordingly, with the preservation of full reproductive capabilities.

Bloody discharge in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

Bloody discharge during pregnancy at this stage of fetal development requires urgent hospitalization, since their cause is usually partial or complete abruption of the placenta. Pathology is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and hypertonicity of the uterus. The good news for women is that with a small detachment, the pregnancy can still be saved and the baby can be carried to a safe term. But this is only possible with urgent medical attention.

Another possible cause of bleeding is placenta previa and exercise contractions. These two factors can cause rupture of the vessels connecting the fetal bladder and uterus. If bleeding during pregnancy is too heavy, the obstetrician may recommend a caesarean section. In itself, the low location of the placenta also often becomes an indication for operative delivery, since such a presentation often prevents the fetus from passing through the birth canal.

Based on this, it is quite simple to conclude: for any spotting during pregnancy, a woman should urgently consult a doctor and undergo an ultrasound examination. Her life and the life of the unborn child may depend on this.

Text: Marina Kudryavtseva

4.81 4.8 out of 5 (26 votes)

Discharge during pregnancy is a normal phenomenon that occurs as a result of the physiological processes that occur in a woman's body. However, the appearance of blood in them should alert. This may indicate the development of the disease or even a possible miscarriage.

And now let's dwell on this in more detail.

What discharge is considered normal?

Discharge from the genital organs is divided into two groups - normal and pathological. You can determine the nature of their appearance by examining a smear from the vagina. At the initial stage of pregnancy, the female genital organs continue to produce all the same secretions as before. They may look like this:

1. White highlights. They should not be accompanied by smell or unpleasant sensations. If they become cheesy, and the woman feels itching and burning, this may indicate development.
2. Yellow highlights. They can act as a reaction of the body to wearing underwear made of synthetic fabric or changing means for intimate hygiene. Other symptoms should be absent. If a woman feels unwell, pain or itching, yellow discharge may indicate the development of an infection.
3. Discharges with an admixture of blood. May indicate the attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus. However, in most cases, this is an alarming signal that indicates the development of pathologies or the threat of abortion.

The ideal option in the early stages of bearing a child is the appearance of whitish translucent discharge. This suggests that the woman's vagina separates the normal endocervical mixture. The microflora has no signs of the presence of pathological microorganisms, and the dead epithelium is replaced in time. In all other cases, it is worth visiting a doctor to identify the root cause of the appearance of unusual discharge.

Causes of spotting during pregnancy

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy may appear as a result of physiological and pathological causes. The first category does not pose a danger to the health and life of the mother and child. Causes in the second category require immediate treatment.

Hormonal disbalance

In practice, there are cases when spotting does not occur, but the embryo is normally attached to the uterus. This is due to a hormonal imbalance. Insufficiency of the corpus luteum does not signal the body about the onset of pregnancy. As a result, a twofold situation arises. The fertilized egg is normally fixed in the uterus, but the female reproductive system wants to be cleansed of the epithelium that has not been used. In such situations, bleeding ends positively. They are observed only in the first month of pregnancy. The epithelium itself exfoliates only below the place of attachment of the embryo. Such bleeding ends quickly. The situation is quite rare.

progesterone deficiency

Discharge with blood during pregnancy can occur if there is not enough in the woman's body. If the hormone is not enough, but the attachment of the embryo still occurred, the endometrium begins to bleed. This is due to the fact that he has become thinner. Such phenomena are dangerous up to. During this period, a shortage can threaten a miscarriage.

Gynecological procedures

If blood appeared after a gynecological examination, the causes of this may be microtrauma. Such a phenomenon may occur due to the introduction of a gynecological speculum, taking a smear and other studies. Anxiety should only give out a large amount of blood. Perhaps during the examination, the tissues were damaged very badly, or the beginning of another process led to the appearance of secretions.

Mechanical damage

Injuries can cause bleeding. Even a slight bruise can provoke a rupture of small capillaries and the appearance of a scarlet or dark discharge. Usually women quickly forget about minor bruises. Their attention is attracted by the appearance of a pathological secret after a certain period of time. It should be borne in mind that during pregnancy, even the most minor injuries can cause fetal death or miscarriage, as well as cause other deviations in the functioning of the woman's body. Blood after an injury does not appear immediately. It usually becomes noticeable after a few hours or days.

The presence of neoplasms

If there is a neoplasm in the female genital organs, this can cause problems with fertilization. The presence of fibroids in the uterus sometimes leads to the fact that the fetal egg is attached to it. This causes severe bleeding. The selection in this case has a dark brown color. The situation requires immediate medical attention.

bubble skid

When the villi of the chorion grow in the form of bubbles. They are filled with liquid. The condition is accompanied by the development of early toxicosis, an increase in the uterus that does not correspond to the gestational age, as well as bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy.

placenta previa

A pathological condition in which the placenta descends down the uterus, blocking the passage to the outside. There are the following types of presentation:

• complete;
• incomplete;
• lateral;
• edge.

During pregnancy, the fetus grows and develops. This leads to stretching of the uterus. Due to the fact that the child is located incorrectly, a large load falls on the bottom of the organ. The placenta, not reaching the walls of the uterus, exfoliates. This leads to mucosal injury. As a result, severe bleeding may develop.

Infectious diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases also lead to bleeding. Pathologies can threaten the life of the child. During pregnancy, women sometimes experience the following diseases:

1. Herpes. Painful ulcers appear on the labia. The woman feels pain in her stomach. Not abundant light brown discharge appears in the early stages of pregnancy. This is due to damage. Exacerbation in the process of bearing a child is not observed. However, if this happens, the woman will be shown a caesarean section. Natural childbirth can become the cause of infection of the child.
2. Syphilis. Ulcers appear on the woman's labia. However, they do not cause pain. In medicine, they are called hard chancre. In later stages, rashes may appear all over the body and even on the internal organs. Pathology is accompanied by weak secretions.
3. Gonorrhea. The disease may be asymptomatic. However, the woman is concerned about itching and burning in the vaginal area. Additionally, there is a feeling of dryness. Mucous purulent discharge with blood is observed, which has a very unpleasant odor. If the pathology is not treated, it can provoke detachment of the fetal egg and, as a result, a miscarriage.
4. Trichomoniasis. A greenish discharge with red blood streaks appears from the vagina. They have a musty smell. A woman experiences pain in the abdomen, itching and burning in the vagina, an unpleasant sensation during intimacy. Pathology can lead to premature birth. As a result, the baby will be born prematurely. He may have various developmental disabilities.

Ectopic pregnancy

If it develops, the fertilized egg is fixed outside the uterus. The phenomenon occurs for various reasons. Sometimes doctors say that this can lead to:

• hormonal disorders;
• frequent abortions;
• use of an intrauterine device;
• inflammatory processes occurring in the organs of the reproductive system.

However, the exact causes of the phenomenon have not been identified. Initially, the pathology does not manifest itself in any way. However, gradually, in the place where the embryo is located, the woman experiences a dull aching pain. Additionally, there are minor. There may be breast enlargement and tenderness. During intimacy, a woman feels excessive dryness in the vagina and discomfort.

Usually the egg is fixed in one of the fallopian tubes. Rarely, it remains in the ovaries. When the size of the egg becomes critical, the fallopian tube and ovary can rupture. The result is profuse internal bleeding. The condition is accompanied by severe pain. For this reason, it is important to get to the hospital as soon as possible. The woman will be scheduled for an operation, during which the abdominal cavity will be washed and the torn organ removed.

Cervical erosion

If spotting at the beginning of pregnancy occurs after sex, this may indicate the presence. As a result, bleeding can occur from the slightest injury. Allocation in the presence of erosion may appear after a medical examination. Pathology is accompanied by pain during sexual intercourse, with itching and burning, as well as dryness in the vagina. Due to erosion, the process of bearing a child can be difficult. For this reason, doctors strongly recommend treating all diseases of the genitourinary system before conception.

The introduction of the fetal egg into the wall of the uterus

This is one of the safest situations that can result in spotting in early pregnancy. The fertilized egg reaches the uterus and is embedded in its wall. As a result, the appearance of blood is observed. Such secretions are not plentiful and short-lived. Usually only a few bright drops appear, reflecting on the underwear in spots. Subsequently, the situation does not repeat itself.

This may be the first sign of pregnancy. It usually occurs a week after unprotected intercourse.

Placental abruption

As a result of poor fixation or the presence of pathological processes, placental abruption may occur. The phenomenon can lead to the death of the fetus. There are three types of pathologies:

• complete;
• central;
• partial.

The void formed as a result of detachment is filled with blood. This situation in early pregnancy is dangerous for the fetus. She can leave him without oxygen and nutrients. Complete abruption of the placenta almost always ends in fetal death. In all other cases, the child can be saved.

If such a phenomenon occurred in the last weeks of pregnancy, doctors prescribe a caesarean section.

If IVF is done

After the in vitro fertilization procedure, spotting may also occur. They can appear as a result of the introduction of the fetal egg into the wall of the uterus or the occurrence of a phenomenon called the “vanishing twin”. As a result of the planting of fertilized eggs, not all take root. The rest are rejected naturally. The doctor warns a woman undergoing a similar procedure in advance about possible bleeding.

It should be borne in mind that as a result of IVF, cases often occur when twins or triplets are born. In this case, only the third or fourth implanted cells do not take root, which are naturally rejected and lead to bleeding.

Frozen pregnancy

With a frozen pregnancy, the development of the embryo stops. He dies, but there is no miscarriage. This condition occurs most often in. However, it can be detected at a later date.

Initially, the pathology is asymptomatic. Some time after the death of the fetus, a woman may experience pain that has a cramping character. The appearance of spotting spotting is observed. A miscarriage should occur in a few days.

If the phenomenon occurs in the early stages, there is a sharp disappearance of toxicosis. Perhaps the disappearance of other signs of pregnancy. The breast of a woman ceases to be sensitive, but decreases to normal.

Pregnancy is a period during which a woman is especially attentive to her health. There is a global restructuring in all organs and systems, including changes in the nature, color, amount of secretions from the genital tract, this is the result of physiological processes. However, any deviation becomes a cause for unrest. Bloody may appear normal, but often they require urgent action.

Normal discharge during pregnancy

After fertilization of the egg, progesterone production increases, due to this, the menstrual cycle changes - menstruation stops. In the absence of pathology, a woman has light, translucent discharge - the vagina secretes normal mucus and replaces the epithelial layer. With the course of pregnancy, the viscosity, structure, intensity of secretion from the genital tract changes, this is due to physiological processes.

In the first trimester, progesterone is responsible for the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system, in the second and third - estrogen. It is these hormones that are responsible for the nature of the vaginal secretion. There are weekly allowances:

• 1 week is a conditional period, it starts from the first day of the last menstruation, the body prepares for fertilization, the discharge is identical to menstrual secretion;
• Week 2 - the discharge becomes mucous, blood impurities can be detected - the period of attachment of the egg to the walls of the uterus;
• 3rd week - slight bleeding is possible, indicating implantation, another version of the norm is pink, brown, yellow discharge, lasting several days;
• 4 weeks - the completion of implantation is accompanied by a thick, odorless white secret, blood may be detected;
• 5 week - a transparent secret, odorless, any change is a sign of a pathological process;
• 6 weeks - transparent or white odorless discharge;
• 7 week - liquid abundant discharge;
• Week 8 - light discharge of normal consistency and color, a slightly sour smell is possible;
• 9-10 weeks - liquid watery secret, odorless;
• Week 11 - discharge of normal consistency, colorless or light;
• 12 week - possible addition of a sour smell;
• 13-25 weeks - clear, liquid discharge, the volume is larger compared to the first trimester;
• 25-36 - the amount of secretion is moderate or abundant, the color is white, the smell is sour;
• 36-40 weeks - moderate amount, whitish color;
• before childbirth, mucus is found, sometimes with streaks of blood - discharge of the mucous plug.

Any deviations should be reported to the doctor. Especially if they are accompanied by pain, other unpleasant symptoms or the detection of blood - this may be a sign of the onset of a pathological process. The sooner help is provided, the better the prognosis. Up to 70% of women experience spotting during pregnancy. In some cases, they are observed in the early stages of bearing a child, sometimes before childbirth. Allocations can be physiological or pathological. Only a specialist can determine this.

Bleeding in the first trimester

The first 12 weeks are the most important, since it is during this period that all organs and systems of the fetus are laid. Most often, bleeding is detected in the first trimester. Such processes can be a variant of the norm:

• attachment of the fetus to the wall of the uterus a week after conception may be manifested by small spotting;
• bleeding on the days of the alleged menstruation with hormonal failure or proliferation of placental tissue.

Such spotting is not dangerous, they are short, small in volume and pass on their own. This is where the physiological causes of bleeding end. In other cases, spotting occurs as a symptom of a pathology or disorder during pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy

During normal pregnancy, the fertilized egg is fixed on the uterine wall. However, under the influence of external or internal pathological factors, tubal, abdominal, ovarian or cervical pregnancy may develop. Increasing in size, the fetal egg is introduced into the tissues, stretching them, resulting in bleeding. Most often this happens at 5 weeks.

In case of severe bleeding, a woman should immediately consult a doctor. It is not possible to save the fetus during such a pregnancy; therapeutic measures are aimed at preserving the female reproductive system. Without the necessary assistance, a rupture of the fallopian tubes with their subsequent removal is possible.

Symptoms of a ruptured fallopian tube:

• diffuse pains;
• tension in the abdominal muscles;
• palpation and gynecological examination cause discomfort.

Risk of miscarriage

The causes of the threat of miscarriage are different, such processes occur in the presence of pathology in the mother or fetus, as well as under the influence of external factors. The most common cause of miscarriage is genetic changes caused by hereditary disorders or mutations. The tactics of therapy depend on the cause of the threatened miscarriage. The patient is hospitalized in a hospital, all drugs are prescribed by a doctor, self-medication is excluded, a number of medications can aggravate the condition.

In the initial stages - until about the middle of the second trimester, a miscarriage proceeds in several stages:

• the threat;
• beginning miscarriage;
• abortion in progress;
• incomplete or complete miscarriage.

Detection of traces of blood is possible already at the first stage. Signs of a threatened miscarriage should be known to every woman:

• vaginal bleeding of varying intensity: spotting or profuse, may last a long time or disappear after the onset;
• drawing pains in the lower abdomen;
• increased urination.

Injuries

Under the influence of hormones, the mucous membrane of the cervix becomes loose, edematous. Any impact on it can lead to microtrauma. Bleeding may occur after intercourse or a medical examination. This does not pose a threat and should not cause alarm, since the provoking factor is clearly monitored.

Frozen pregnancy

Miscarriage is the result of various factors: diseases, hereditary predisposition, endocrine disorders. In the first trimester, there are 2 critical periods when complications can occur: 6-8 weeks and 11-13 weeks. During these periods, you should be especially attentive to your state of health and, if discomfort occurs, immediately consult a doctor. When the development of the embryo stops, a toxin begins to be released, which triggers the miscarriage mechanism. As a result, the uterus rejects the placenta and epithelium, blood discharge appears.

Diseases of the uterus

It is important at the stage of pregnancy planning to diagnose and treat pathologies, including diseases of the reproductive system.

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with fibroids or fibromatosis, the embryo can attach next to the nodes, its growth causes stretching of the tissues, as a result, bleeding may begin. Allocations in this case are bloody in nature and last several hours.

Insufficient secretion of progesterone

Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the course of pregnancy. Its additional source is the placenta, an increase in its level supports the attachment of the fetus to the uterine wall and growth. An insufficient amount of progesterone synthesis may be the result of hereditary ovarian failure (hypoplasia or aplasia), inflammatory diseases, injuries, cysts, postoperative disorders. With a deficiency of the hormone, the endometrium becomes thinner and bleeds. This is possible not only in the first trimester, but also at a later date - with the course of pregnancy, the level of progesterone should increase.

Women who have had bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy have a high risk of presentation, placental abruption, late toxicosis and premature birth.

Bleeding in the second trimester

In the second trimester of pregnancy, the most common cause of spotting is premature placental abruption - partial or complete rejection. Similar processes should occur at the end of the birth period, but sometimes under the influence of pathogenic factors (heart and vascular disease, renal pathology, endocrine disorders, inflammatory, dystrophic changes in the uterus), this process can begin during pregnancy. The placenta moves away as a result of the accumulation of blood between it and the wall of the uterus. Most often, such a pathology is faced by women who are not going to give birth for the first time - this is due to changes in the endometrium.

Symptoms of placental abruption:

• bloody issues;
• uterine hypertonicity;
• pain.

When the edges are detached, brown discharge is detected, but if the process started from the center, then the fluid accumulates between the uterus and the placenta, a hematoma forms. If the fluid cannot find its way out, the blood soaks into the surrounding tissues.

Bleeding in the third trimester

The main cause of bleeding in the last trimester is placental abruption. This condition is most dangerous in the second half of pregnancy. In the early stages, the placenta has a growth reserve. Such processes can cause the death of the fetus and mother, so women with this diagnosis are hospitalized in a hospital.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy appears in the case of placenta previa. In some cases, it is located low, overlapping the uterine os. This situation creates the risk of prematurity and fetal hypoxia, as well as premature birth. The leading symptom is recurrent bleeding of varying intensity, depending on the degree of presentation. This can develop at any stage of pregnancy, but more often after 30 weeks. This condition differs from placental abruption in the absence of pain.

Small spotting at 37-40 weeks is a sign that the cervix begins to open. As a rule, this happens a day before childbirth, along with a small amount of blood, a mucous plug comes out.

If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with placenta previa or abruption in the later stages, a cesarean section is performed - natural childbirth is dangerous.

Treatment

The detection of spotting during pregnancy should be the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. First of all, it is necessary to identify the cause of this condition. If bleeding is not associated with physiological processes in the body of a pregnant woman, then immediately after the diagnosis is established, treatment begins. Depending on the nature of the identified pathology, conservative and surgical methods can be used.

Conservative therapy

Most often, medications are used to treat conditions that entail bloody discharge during childbearing. Drugs are selected taking into account the diagnosis, the patient's condition and the medical history. When prescribing any drug, the doctor takes into account the effect of the drug on the fetus.

Medicines of the following groups are used:

• antispasmodics (No-shpa);
• hemostatics (aminocaproic acid);
• progesterone preparations;
• tocolytics (Partusisten);
• glucocorticosteroids (Dexamethasone);
• vitamins;
• plasma-substituting therapy for the loss of a large amount of blood (Reopoliglyukin);
• iron preparations (Ferrum-lek) for anemia;
• antibiotics for infection of the genital tract (Amoxicillin).

In most cases, with the timely provision of qualified assistance, it is possible to save the pregnancy. The prognosis depends on the cause of the blood. A wide range of hormonal drugs is able to replace progesterone deficiency, the treatment of concomitant pathology reduces the risk of threatened abortion.

In addition to drugs, physiotherapy methods are widely used. Electrophoresis with magnesia reduces the tone of the uterus, electrorelaxation has a relaxing effect, ozone therapy reduces fetal hypoxia.

Surgery

The operation is carried out if conservative therapy can not have the desired effect. The decision to perform surgery is made based on the clinical situation. In case of abortion, the uterine cavity is scraped, in case of an ectopic pregnancy, the fetal egg is removed using endoscopic surgery. Polyps can be removed without harm to the child, cauterization of cervical erosion is also possible. Surgical treatment in pregnant women is carried out in advanced cases, timely access to a doctor makes it possible to successfully use medications in the early stages of the disease.

First help with bleeding

To save pregnancy, it is urgent to take a number of measures:

• call an ambulance;
• provide a pregnant woman with peace;
• take a horizontal position with raised legs;
• with a strong pain syndrome, take an antispasmodic (No-shpa);
• apply cold to the lower abdomen;
• do not take a bath;
• do not insert a tampon into the vagina.

Women who have kept their pregnancy against the background of blood discharge should observe complete emotional peace, as well as temporarily give up sexual activity. During the rehabilitation period, sedatives, physiotherapy and other non-drug methods of treatment are prescribed. If there are indications, the drugs used for treatment in the hospital are prescribed for admission and after the discharge of the pregnant woman. It is important to exclude stressful situations, healthy eating, walking in the fresh air.

The female body is arranged in such a way that a secret of various structure and quantity is constantly secreted from the genital tract. In many cases, they allow you to assess the patient's condition, the presence of pathological processes, especially during pregnancy. The detection of spotting during the period of bearing a child is not a reason for panic, however, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. By following the recommendations for treatment, complications can be avoided.

About 70% of pregnant women experience bloody vaginal discharge, and only 12% of them have a miscarriage. In other cases, women safely endure and give birth to a healthy baby. Why does bleeding occur, what does the discharge look like and is this condition dangerous? Is it necessary to consult a doctor if the bleeding is sudden, but insignificant, and the patient feels well?

What vaginal discharge is considered normal during pregnancy?

Any vaginal discharge can be a variant of the norm or a sign of pathology; a gynecologist can differentiate one from the other, based on the results of the diagnosis. In the early stages of pregnancy, the hormone progesterone is responsible for the work of the reproductive organs, and in the second trimester, estrogen. It is they who are responsible for the nature of the secret secreted from the vagina.

At different times, discharges are normal (by weeks):

• 1-3 - mucous discharge with red streaks or yellow, brown discharge, lasting several days;
• 4-thick white secret, reddish blotches are possible;
• 5-12 - clear or white discharge, which can sometimes have a slight sour smell;
• 13-25 - liquid transparent secret, the amount of which, compared with the 1st trimester, is increased;
• 26-36 - profuse white discharge with a sour smell;
• 37-40 - moderate amount of whitish secretion;
• before childbirth - mucus with blood streaks.

Blood discharge that appears from 4–6 weeks and goes until the end of the 12th week of pregnancy can be:

• transparent with 2-3 drops of blood;
• pink;
• brown;
• scarlet.

If they go once and are not accompanied by painful sensations, then there is nothing to worry about. However, the ideal option is light, almost transparent discharge. They indicate the normal functioning of the genital organs, a change in the epithelial layer of the uterus and the absence of signs of the presence of pathological microorganisms.

Causes of blood in the discharge in the early stages of gestation

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Bloody discharge during pregnancy can be divided into two types:

• physiological, arising from changes in the ratio of hormones;
• pathological, indicating an abnormal course of pregnancy.

A woman may secrete a secret of different volumes with red, pink or brown patches, which indicates the presence of blood in it. They may also contain blood clots or tissue particles.

Bleeding during implantation of the ovum

One of the common causes of bloody secretions in early pregnancy is the introduction of a fetal egg into the uterus. Implantation bleeding is typical for the first - the beginning of the second week after fertilization. Pink, brown or clear discharge with bright scarlet streaks is the result of damage to small blood vessels due to the introduction of the embryo.

Women often take the appearance of implantation bleeding as the beginning of menstruation, but it lasts much less - from 1 hour to 2-3 days and is characterized by slight discharge. The presence of such a discharge without accompanying abdominal pain is considered the norm.

Implantation bleeding may occur earlier or later than the specified period, but not earlier than a week after conception. Blood is never dark in color.

Microdamages of the mucous membranes after sexual intercourse or examination by a gynecologist

Bloody discharge in pregnant women after sex appears quite often. Due to the ongoing changes in the body, the cervix acquires a loose structure, becomes edematous and susceptible to any pressure, which is why microdamages appear on it during intercourse. These injuries are not serious and will not harm the fetus. Their appearance is not a reason to end intimate relationships, but subsequent sexual intercourse should exclude sudden movements.

Blood can also go during a gynecological examination. At 4-5 weeks, many women, suspecting pregnancy, go to the doctor for the first time and he can accidentally injure the cervix with a mirror. Such damage does not threaten the development of the baby.

A similar situation is sometimes observed after transvaginal ultrasound. Allocations occur due to hypersensitivity of the reproductive organs, last no longer than 2 days and do not recur.

Menstruation against the background of a normally developing pregnancy

During pregnancy, a very small number of patients can have their period. In the people, this phenomenon is called "washing the fetus", in medicine - breakthrough bleeding. Allocations appear on the day when menstruation began earlier. In addition to the discharge, the patient complains of other symptoms of menstruation: pain in the back and abdomen. The bloody secretion is quite profuse, the menstruation lasts for several days.

Normally, the hormones released during pregnancy prevent the onset of periods. However, sometimes a failure occurs, and their concentration in the body is too low to stop the established monthly cycle. Usually bleeding stops by 3 months. In rare cases, "fetal washing" is possible even at a late stage of pregnancy.

Doctors are wary of such anomalies and carefully monitor the patient's condition throughout the pregnancy. In women with this feature, childbirth often takes place on time, and babies are born healthy, so there is no reason for alarm.

Gynecological diseases not related to gestation

Pregnancy does not protect against gynecological problems, many of the chronic diseases, on the contrary, worsen during this period, while others are discovered for the first time. Decreased immunity and a change in the amount of hormones produced lead to the emergence of various pathologies:

• Cervical erosion. The sores formed on the mucous membrane make it very sensitive. The capillaries of the organ overflow with blood, red spots on the underwear can appear both after intercourse and when sitting with legs crossed. Allocations come out once after damage to the epithelium, treatment is prescribed after childbirth. This condition is not dangerous.
• Varicose veins. Since pregnancy increases the load on the veins of the vagina, the disease can affect the area of ​​the labia. The perineum hurts, the secretion of lubricant is disturbed, sexual contact becomes painful. Discharge with bloody inclusions can be detected after sex or for no reason. The disease slightly complicates the course of pregnancy, but is not dangerous.
• Polyp or cyst. The blood is released in a small amount, there is no pain. The neoplasm does not pose a threat to the fetus, but if it has been severely damaged, infection may occur. The polyp can gradually exfoliate on its own, the cyst is treated after childbirth.
• Venereal disease. Activation of Trichomonas or other microorganisms leads to the appearance of vaginal discharge with a specific odor and bloody patches. The disease is accompanied by itching in the perineum and an increase in thermometer readings, which increases the likelihood of miscarriage.

Pathologies of pregnancy (fading, interruption, placental abruption, etc.)

If a woman has uterine bleeding, it can pose a serious threat to her and the baby. The causes of bloody discharge during pregnancy are the following conditions:

• Abortion. It is possible in any period due to various reasons - from pathologies of the fetus incompatible with further development and extrauterine life to an infectious disease of the mother. It is characterized by sudden pain, bleeding.
• Frozen pregnancy. Often observed at 6-7 weeks. The stomach hurts, toxicosis and soreness of the chest disappear. Pathology is characterized by intrauterine fetal death and can be detected during ultrasound, palpation of the uterus or by analysis of the content of hCG in plasma for up to 28 weeks. Pain and bloody discharge do not appear immediately, but after a few days. Sometimes the uterus manages to reject the frozen fetus on its own, but more often cleaning is required. Delaying a visit to the doctor can lead to sepsis. With a missed pregnancy, the risks of miscarriage during re-conception increase by 15%.
• Placenta previa. With its close location to the uterine pharynx, the muscles are not able to hold it, which leads to the separation of small sections of the placenta. Blood flows like during menstruation. The condition occurs in 2% of women and manifests itself after the 20th week after conception.
• Detachment of the placenta. The phenomenon is diagnosed in 1 out of 200 patients. The process is accompanied by the discharge of blood clots and cramping pains in the abdomen. Even with partial detachment, there is a threat to the life of the child.
• Umbilical cord tear. A rare occurrence in which fetal death is possible. If he is able to survive outside the womb, doctors perform an emergency caesarean section.
• Bubble skid is a pathology accompanied by abnormal growth and an increase in the volume of placental tissues (more in the article:). A woman has bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy (before the 11th week). Pathology is rare, the cause of its occurrence lies in genetic factors. The pregnancy cannot be saved.

Pregnancy outside the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed early and occurs due to the fact that the fetal egg is attached to the fallopian tube (most often), the ovary, cervix, or even in the abdominal cavity, and not in the uterus, as it should normally. Vaginal bleeding appears at the 6th week of gestation, when the fallopian tube is stretched to the limit. In parallel, the woman is worried about nausea and abdominal pain. Discomfort may stop when the tube breaks, but after a couple of hours the patient will feel many times worse.

Pregnancy outside the uterus can cause internal bleeding, so it is important to diagnose and prescribe therapy in time. Sometimes this pathology leads to infertility.

Causes of heavy bleeding and the likelihood of pregnancy

Bleeding during pregnancy is not in all situations a sign of fetal death. A woman should not panic - you need to urgently consult a doctor.

Severe blood loss can be triggered by the following reasons:

• infectious diseases;
• uterine fibroids;
• detachment of the placenta;
• uterine rupture (a very rare anomaly that occurs with a mole or after a previous delivery by caesarean section);
• rupture of the fallopian tube;
• lack of hormones;
• spontaneous abortion.

Most often, with timely hospitalization of the patient, doctors can save the pregnancy. With a high risk of miscarriage, she is placed in a hospital. Doctors always strive to save the life of the baby, but if there is a choice, it is made in favor of the health and life of the mother. However, the consent of the woman (or her relatives when the expectant mother is unconscious) is required.

In early gestation, it is important to stop bleeding and prevent miscarriage. For this purpose:

• means to increase the secretion of progesterone (Utrozhestan and Dufaston);
• vitamins (E, B6);
• sedatives (valerian tincture);
• hemostatic drugs (Dicinon);
• antispasmodics (No-Shpa).

When the first positive results of treatment appear, the woman is shown rest, bed rest and the cessation of intimate life until the moment of delivery. Drugs are often prescribed for a long course, they must be taken even in the absence of bleeding. Having overcome the threshold of the 12th week of gestation, you can calm down - the risk of abortion is significantly reduced.

Therapy for placenta previa depends on the amount of discharge. If there is little blood and the time of birth is close, a puncture of the fetal bladder is performed. With abundant discharge, a caesarean section is indicated, even if the fetus is not full-term. Surgical delivery is also required for blood loss against the background of placental abruption.

If blood flows as a result of pregnancy outside the uterus, a frozen fetus or a miscarriage, then one cannot harbor illusions - it is impossible to save a child in these situations. Treatment is operative: the woman is removed the embryo (or fallopian tube) or curettage of the uterus, respectively.

What symptoms should you see a doctor immediately?