Avoska: a big story of a simple shopping bag (1 photo). Soviet bags and shopping bags Soviet handbags

29.09.2019

What our time is almost no different from Soviet times is probably the pre-New Year bustle.
Go shopping for gifts and products for the New Year's table.
Only then crazy queues, and now crazy traffic jams. And the queues too ...
Watching people scurrying around mega-markets, entertainment centers and shopping cities with boxes, brightly colored bags and supermarket polyethylene with groceries, I suddenly remembered how little I ran to the store, clutching a net-string bag or a canvas grocery bag sewn by my mother on a sewing machine ...
After all, to think - then it was almost useless to come to the store without a bag. The packages were not sold at the checkout. Everything you bought would have to be carried home in your hands. So then everyone wore a net or a bag in a briefcase, a "diplomat" or a handbag ..

2. By the way, the story of the origin of the notorious string bag is interesting.
The rope woven bag, which became strikingly popular in Soviet times, was invented in the Czech Republic.
True, at first their inventor Vavrin Krchil, who lived in the vicinity of the town of Zhdar-na-Sazave at the end of the 19th century, produced only hair nets that were then in use.
And when the demand for them began to fall catastrophically, the smart Vavrzhin attached handles to them - and this is how the famous mesh bag-net was born.
The Russian name for the net bag-string bag was invented in the 1930s by the famous satirist Vladimir Polyakov, but the famous Arkady Raikin made this word popularly popular, who, during his speeches five years later, delivered a monologue of approximately the following content: “And this is a string bag! Maybe I'll bring something home in it ... "

3. There were different types of avosek. In addition to the traditional grid, one could also find a similar one - homemade. She certainly did not fit in a jacket pocket, but it was more rigid

4. Matallic mesh bag. In general, it is worth noting that a Soviet citizen could very often see what his neighbor bought in a store thanks to different versions of "open" bags

5. Another transparent option. By the way, due to its rigid structure, it was convenient, for example, to carry milk glass containers to the reception center.

6. Cloth bag.

7. And one more option

8. In such a bag, I carried bottles to the collection point for glass containers. It held more bottles than any other bag.

9. Rare plastic bags. They were taken care of like the apple of an eye. Over time, from multiple folds, the drawing became more and more erased, but the package was still not thrown in. Washed, dried and went to the store again

10. This is also a type of food container. With such a can, I went for milk, kvass, and the men - for beer.

11. Photos of people in lines with various bags ...

Previous 5 issues in the series:

Despite its popularity in the USSR, the history of the string bag bag begins in a completely different country. It happened at the end of the 19th century in the town of Zdar-na-Sazave in the Czech Republic. It was then that the entrepreneur Vavrin Krchil decided to start producing women's hair nets. But for some reason the case did not receive proper development. Therefore, in order not to go broke, Krchil invented a new use of the remaining materials in order to return at least a little investment. The entrepreneur fitted handles to the existing nets and began to position them as bags. But at that time, the invention was apparently not appreciated, since it did not receive either a patent or wide distribution and use.

The mesh string bag came to taste only after a few decades. Several entrepreneurs in the 30s of the XX century began to manufacture the product and did not lose. The shopping bag received the greatest popularity in the Soviet Union due to its strength, spaciousness and ease of storage. Of course, the lack of competitors in this net also influenced, because earlier in our stores there were simply no plastic bags on sale.

In the Soviet Union, a string bag was made of strong threads, which made it possible to increase its carrying capacity to 70 kg! Even in our time, this is a great rarity. A traditional bag is considered to be a net woven of 14 rows, each of which consisted of 24 cells. Later, for convenience, flexible tubes were attached to the handles, which protected the hands from cutting.

The string bag began to be called that way in 1935. This happened thanks to the famous Russian comedian Arkady Raikin. In his stage performance, in which he portrayed a peasant holding this net, Raikin repeatedly said: “… And this is a string bag. Maybe I'll bring something in it ... ”, which caused a storm of emotions among the audience, because everyone would also like to bring something home, but there was nothing special at that time. Although the comedian spoke this text from the stage, but the very name "string bag" came up with it is actually a different person. The author was the writer Vladimir Polyakov.

But resourceful Soviet people began to use nets not only for their intended purpose. They kept garlic and onions hanging on the walls. Instead of putting perishable food in the refrigerator, they hung them in a string bag outside the window. Children made basketball rings from bags, and men caught crayfish in them.

There were only a couple of downsides to this multifunctional invention. The first was that all the contents were visible to everyone, and the second was the risk of losing small things if you put them there.

The use of string bags stopped at the end of the 20th century, and reappeared only at the beginning of the 21st century. Today, the string bag net has a serious chance of revival, since it is an environmentally friendly product, which is now receiving special attention. Designers have already begun to come up with and use new fashionable shopping bags for their collections. In addition, for ordinary consumers, grandmothers have already begun to appear at the metro, who just sell these unpretentious shopping bags, which is also a kind of call for the return of shopping bags. Who knows, maybe we will soon use mainly these nets, and they will regain their former popularity.

Watching people scurrying around mega-markets, entertainment centers and shopping cities with boxes, brightly colored bags and supermarket polyethylene with groceries, I suddenly remembered how little we ran to the store, clutching a net-string bag or a canvas grocery bag sewn by my mother on a sewing machine ... After all, to think - then it was almost useless to come to the store without a bag. The packages were not sold at the checkout. Everything you bought would have to be carried home in your hands. So then everyone wore a net or a bag in a briefcase, a "diplomat" or a handbag.

By the way, there is an interesting history of the origin of the notorious string bag netting. The woven rope bag, which became strikingly popular in Soviet times, was invented in the Czech Republic. However, at first their inventor Vavrin Krchil, who lived in the vicinity of the town of Zdar-na-Sazave at the end of the 19th century, produced and when the demand for them began to fall catastrophically, savvy Vavrzhin attached handles to them - and this is how the famous mesh bag was born. the famous satirist Vladimir Polyakov, but the famous Arkady Raikin made this word popularly popular, who, during his speeches five years later, delivered a monologue of approximately the following content: “And this is a string bag! Maybe I'll bring something home in it ... "

There were different types of avosek. In addition to the traditional grid, one could also find a similar one - homemade. She certainly did not fit into a jacket pocket, but it was more rigid

Metal mesh bag. In general, it is worth noting that a Soviet citizen could very often see what his neighbor bought in a store thanks to different versions of "open" bags

Another transparent option. By the way, due to its rigid design, it was convenient, for example, to carry milk glass containers to the reception center.

Cloth bag.

And one more option

Rare plastic bags. They were taken care of like the apple of an eye. Over time, from multiple folds, the drawing became more and more erased, but the package was still not thrown in. We washed, dried and went back to the store.

Also a type of packaging for products. With such a can, I went for milk, kvass, and the men - for beer.

Photos of people in lines with various bags ...

Archaeological evidence suggests that our distant Scythian ancestors, who lived in the southern steppes, did not have bags or even pockets. Everything needed during the campaign (sword, bow, bowl, knife, flint) was attached directly to the belt.

Bags appeared later, and they were made most often from fur, leather, and only then from fabric. Nomads used leather wineskins, sedentary tribes used wicker baskets.

In Ancient Russia, pockets attached to the belt of clothing first appeared. In women, they were called gourmands and served to carry seeds or candies in them. For men it was kalita in which money was carried. For mushrooms and berries they went with birch bark tues or wicker baskets, and on a long journey they went with a backpack made from a piece of fabric, or with an ordinary bundle. It should be noted that any bags were decorated with ornaments, ribbons and embroidery. Wicker baskets also bore the imprint of the craftsman's hand and were often trimmed along the edge with a different kind of weaving or brightly colored.

One of the first game bags began to be used by male hunters. These bags were made of tanned leather and supplied with a long strap.

Until the beginning of the XX century. bags as such in Europe neither the nobility, nor ordinary people had. Starting from about the XII century. noble women began to carry small handbags ( purses), attached directly to the belt or tied to it with a long twisted cord. Such purses were made of dense fabric or leather, were of various shapes and richly decorated with embossed patterns, sewing or metal lining. Under the French royal court, such a bag was an integral part of the costume and was called " riot police", And later -" pompadour"In honor of the famous mistress of Louis XV. Often, coins were put into the bag, which jingled when they walked, and during balls and other court receptions, every movement of those present was accompanied by a melodic chime of coins in wallets.

In Russia, small purses were decorated with river pearls and beads, and among the reigning persons - with precious stones set in gold and silver. The wives of the Golden Horde khans wore handbags sewn from brocade at their belts, folding a mirror, powder, and blush in them.

In the Middle Ages, handicraftsmen appeared - "handbags" engaged in the manufacture of various kinds of purses, significantly different from each other in price.

Around the XVI century. in Italy, unusual clutch bags made of velvet, silk, plush. Often, muffs were decorated with intertwined cords, beads, bows, ribbons. Men also wore muffs, but more modest.

In addition, wide belts, bodices and skirts with secret pockets were used as improvised bags, and in the 18th century. people of the middle class began to sew large pockets on outer clothing and aprons for convenience. Until the beginning of the 19th century. women wore small cross-stitched, knitted or woven small pouches, pompadours and reticules. In the days of Napoleon, handbags with a long drawstring were still in court fashion. The townspeople of the simple class always had beautiful bags for sewing accessories and other trifles with them.

It is interesting that the usual small purse-purse for us once had a completely different purpose. Initially, in the 18th century, a cloth, usually black bag, was called a purse, into which the hair pulled together at the back of the head was removed. And only from the middle of the XIX century. cloth ooze and leather wallets were used to carry money. From the small purse later came the large shapeless purse bag.

Peasants all over the world used canvas bags, wicker baskets of various shapes and sizes as bags.

In most countries of the world, merchants used a wide variety of goods to transport goods over long distances due to the lack of leather suitcases and bags. chests... People belonging to other classes, both simple and noble, also used traveling chests.

In Russia, the most common containers for the carriage of baggage were chest headrest, on which the merchant (or his assistant) actually slept so that he would not be robbed, and a chest with an “alarm”, one of the keyholes of which was equipped with an internal bell (if a thief inserted a master key into it, a ringing went up). Eastern merchants, in addition to wooden chests, used leather wineskins and cloth bags, which became the prototype of modern travel bags and wardrobe trunks.

The beginning of the XX century. marked by huge changes in the clothing of European peoples. At this time, women began to wear trousers not only for hunting, but also in everyday life. A huge number of various women's bags also appeared: for the theater, for the market, for books, etc. At first, these bags were small, their size began to increase rapidly at the same time as the dramatic changes in the lifestyle of women. If at the beginning of the 19th century, except for small belt pouches and muffs, women in cities did not carry any more bags, then at the beginning of the next century the picture changed dramatically. Now every year there were more and more bags, and they were very different in shape, color and purpose.

A kind of woman's bag in the twentieth century. continued to stay fur clutch, in which women could hide money, love letters, and, if necessary, weapons.

Bags were made of leather, suede, crocheted and knitted, woven from beads and straw. At that time, needlework was a compulsory occupation for women of different classes. Many of them became simply virtuosos in the manufacture of various handbags and fashionable then tobacco pouches.

The appearance and a huge variety of bags at the beginning of the twentieth century. was due to the fact that very narrow long skirts with interception below the knee came into fashion, in which there was no place for secret and obvious pockets. Fashionistas began to purchase large bags with a long strap or a chain strap. But they were not always comfortable, and fashion designers developed more and more new types of bags.

Let's take a look at the origins of the different bags and their original purpose.

Briefcase- literally translated from French as "sheet carrier". Initially, in the middle of the 19th century, it was invented for storing and carrying papers and documents, therefore it has the appropriate shape and several compartments inside. Mostly lawyers, financiers, and sometimes officials were carrying portfolios. The officers had rectangular leather tablets, the students had leather or cloth straps that held a pile of books, and the schoolchildren wore hard knapsacks over their shoulders. Briefcases, most often made of black or dark green leather, did not initially have a handle and were carried under the arm. Craftsmen used smooth or grainy (pebbled) leather for the production of portfolios. Less often, expensive briefcases were made of morocco (goat leather of very soft dressing) and of natural crocodile leather or its imitation. Portfolio owners adorned them with their own monogram, made of bronze or more expensive metal. Most often, the briefcase had a lock, which was closed with a small key, and the corners of the briefcase were reinforced with metal corners.

Reticule- translated from French as "mesh". It was more often a knitted, and sometimes a small handbag made of leather for visiting a theater or a social reception.

Sacvoyage- translated from French as "travel bag". The bags were made of leather especially for travel and were large and roomy.

Close to the bag in size and shape baul- also originally a travel bulky leather bag, the home of which is Italy. The dictionary of F. Brockhaus and I. Efron says that a trunk is “a small oblong chest with metal brackets, sometimes upholstered in leather, or a small hand-made leather case.

».

Approximately at the same time as the bag appears and wardrobe trunk(translated from French "chest") - a travel chest with several compartments.

Holdall- the name itself suggests that it is necessary to carry or transport a blanket in this bag. Initially, its purpose was just that. Currently, a garment bag is called a rectangular bag for transporting sleeping accessories, the clasp of which opens in such a way that the bag becomes completely open. There are fastening straps inside the garment bag. Now a garment bag is a cover for suits or just sets of clothes that folds in half. Things in it retain their shape and do not wrinkle.

Backpack- this word has German roots and is translated literally as "back bag". At first, the backpacks were intended for the soldiers of the German army, and then they firmly entered the everyday life of the inhabitants of many countries, became an integral part of tourists, geologists, archaeologists, toddlers, adolescents, and in recent years also young mothers.

Travel bag- translated from French as "necessary, necessary". Travel bags have become part of the everyday life of all traveling men and women already in the middle of the 19th century. Initially, they were a spacious box with several compartments, in which men put shaving and washing utensils, and women - washing utensils and items for needlework, which they never parted with in those days. The travel bag turned out to be very convenient for travel and existed until the 21st century, having changed little in essence. It is popular with frequent travelers today and is a small handbag made of easy-to-clean material with several compartments of different sizes.

The history of the swift and full of innovations of the XX century has not known what kind of bags. These are knitted wallets worn on a long cord, and hard varnished reticules, and wicker flirty handbags with a bunch of flowers, and barrel bags, and suitcase bags, and sports bags-ballet shoes, and knitted fishnet string bags, and classic leather bags with two handles.

By the middle of the XX century. envelope-shaped bags that appeared in the 1920s, folder bags that became fashionable in the 1930s, "car" bags resembling modern elongated travel bags, suitcases and satchel bags became fashionable ... For example, ballet handbags, very popular in the second half of the 50s - the first half of the 60s. XX century, had the shape of a small leather case with rounded corners and fastened with two metal clasps. They were worn by both young girls and older women. Initially, these bags were intended for storing and carrying ballroom shoes, without which girls did not go to dances. But since in those days women did not have the opportunity to purchase several different bags, books, cosmetics, and even food were worn in ballet flats. The ballet purse has been a symbol of Soviet women for over a decade.

In the second half of the XX century. they also began to wear rather large bags, mainly on a long belt. Famous fashion designer Christian Dior made bags more feminine, graceful, richly decorated.

In the 1970s. in the USSR, multi-colored mesh shopping bags woven from threads. They were worn by both men and women, young and old alike. Each house had several staples of different colors.

In the next decade, the first bright plastic bags, which at first could only be purchased on the market for decent money. The bags attracted with their novelty and beautiful images, but they were very fragile and quickly torn, moreover, they, of course, could not really replace a woman's bag.

In the USSR, during the years of perestroika, bags, both made of canvas and made of natural or artificial leather, became fashionable.

Today, bags are popular not only beautiful, but also comfortable, which meets the needs of a modern business woman. They are made of leather, fabric, plastic, straw, vinyl, natural fur. There were bags made of calfskin, ponies, bags made of cashmere, melange wool, and cotton threads. Designers have developed fashionable oblong baguette bags and belt bags, as well as original elongated handbags - "dachshunds".

Design house Gucci at the beginning of the XXI century. popular style again handbag with bamboo handles which was in vogue half a century ago.

Throughout its existence, bags have become more and more interesting and diverse every year. The importance of a bag in a woman's life is evidenced by the fact that the UK celebrates National Bag Day on October 4 every year. On this day, new collections of fashionable bags and accessories are shown, exhibitions and sales are held.

In the capital of Japan, a museum of bags has been established, which displays more than 3,000 exhibits brought from all over the world. Here you can see bags of all sizes and purposes from tobacco pouches to handbags. Similar museums are open in Australia and Holland, and in museums of urban life around the world, one of the main exhibits is a variety of bags.

Some men argue that a bag for a woman is practically the same as a garage for them, since it contains the most valuable thing she has.

A bag is an almost sacred object for a woman, her choice may depend on the general style of dress, and on what place the woman wants to take in society, and on many other things. One of the main requirements for a bag is its correct and appropriate color scheme.

3. There were different types of avosek. In addition to the traditional grid, one could also find a similar one - homemade. She certainly did not fit into a jacket pocket, but it was more rigid