Hemorrhagic stroke. Right side, left side, consequences. Treatment and recovery. Hemorrhage in the occipital lobes, cerebellum, brain stem. What is a stroke, types
Stroke ranks first among neurological pathologies. According to statistics, an attack affects about six million people every year. The danger of a stroke lies in its consequences; many patients who have had an attack remain crippled for life. Approximately 20% of them die in the first month after the crisis. From this article, you will learn what is an ischemic stroke on the left side, the consequences, how long they live after an attack.
Classification and causes of pathology
A stroke is characterized by a sharp lesion of the brain of the head caused by ischemia, or a rupture of the vascular system of the organ. Depending on the causes of the disease, the disease is divided into ischemic stroke of the left hemisphere - formed as a result of vascular occlusion, and hemorrhagic - caused by rupture of the arteries. Hemorrhagic stroke has a poor prognosis and is most often fatal.
The formation of the pathology of both types is facilitated by such factors as: arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, cardiovascular complications, diabetes mellitus, abuse of bad habits, overweight, brain aneurysms,.
Also, the anomaly has differences in the place of occurrence - a stroke of the right cerebral hemisphere and a stroke of the left cerebral hemisphere. The manifestations of a stroke on the left side of the brain of the head are significantly different from the symptoms of a stroke on the right side. Left-sided ischemic stroke is very severe, and has a poor prognosis, since the left hemisphere dominates the right in many people.
Symptoms
The brain can be called a personal computer of a person. After all, it is he who gives commands to perform various functions of the vital activity of our body.
Therefore, the symptoms of the disease are directly related to its functional tasks.
With an ischemic stroke of the left side of the brain cells, the patient has the following symptoms:
- panic;
- cardiopalmus;
- failure in the functional work of the muscles of the face, the corner of the mouth and eyelids on the left goes down;
- impaired speech function, the patient speaks indistinctly, it is difficult to make out words;
- Strong headache;
- shortness of breath;
- dry mouth;
- dizziness;
- partial or complete loss of consciousness;
- disorientation in space, inadequate perception of one's body;
- general weakness of the lower or upper limbs. The patient cannot raise his legs or arms at the same time. Paralysis of the left side is characteristic of a right-sided stroke;
- problems with vision and short-term memory;
- vomiting caused by pathology, not food poisoning.
Features of the signs of the disease depending on the hemisphere in which pathological changes have formed: with a stroke on the left side, partial or complete paralysis of the right side of the body occurs. Since the impulses coming from the left cerebral hemisphere set the right side of the human body. If the left side is paralyzed after a stroke, then the right cerebral hemisphere of the head is damaged.
In hemorrhagic stroke, the signs develop rapidly, it is formed after aggressive physical activity, and against the background of an unstable psycho-emotional state. Ischemic left-sided stroke, manifests itself gradually, it mostly overtakes the patient in the morning or at night.
Assistance to the sick
In the event of a stroke, the patient must be urgently hospitalized because the first 3 hours are crucial. The longer the patient remains without medical care, the higher the likelihood of coma. Knowing the three basic rules of a left-sided stroke, any person, even without a medical education, will be able to determine the pathology.
Rule #1. Make the patient smile.
Rule #2. Start talking to the patient if his speech is incoherent and difficult to understand, this signals a stroke with paralysis of the left side.
Rule #3. Ask to raise both hands at the same time.
If the patient has difficulty following these rules, call an ambulance immediately. The dispatcher should explain the situation in detail. Before the arrival of the ambulance, the patient's head should be in an elevated state.
In the room where the patient is located, it is required to open the window, and facilitate the access of air to the lungs of the victim (unfasten the top buttons, if there is a tie, remove it). Measure blood pressure and record readings. If vomiting has opened, it is necessary to turn the person on his side. The main thing is to remain calm, to do everything clearly and consistently, the further development of events largely depends on the correctness of actions when providing first aid.
Diagnosis of the disease
It is not difficult to determine a stroke on the left side of the brain. Based on the clinical picture, the specialist quickly determines what happened to the patient. It is much more difficult to establish the type of stroke, in which hemisphere the pathology has developed, and what are its dimensions. Since it is these indicators that are fundamental for effective therapy.
For an accurate diagnosis, the patient is prescribed the following examination methods:
- consultation with a neurologist. The specialist establishes the consequences of a stroke on the left side of the body, determines the severity of the symptoms;
- laboratory tests (general and biochemical analysis of urine, blood, blood coagulation analysis);
- CT, MRI, these instrumental methods of examination make it possible to assess the lesion, establish the type of stroke, and its location;
- ECG, ultrasound of the heart, monitoring of blood pressure indicators to exclude the development of complications caused by concomitant diseases.
Treatment
Hemorrhagic stroke on the left side, with hemorrhage, requires emergency surgical intervention, the responsibility for the patient in this case lies with neurosurgeons. Some forms of ischemic stroke also require surgical treatment.
Surgical intervention in this case is to remove atherosclerotic plaques and blood clots to restore natural blood flow.
If the circulatory disturbance was not intense and a small part of the brain cells of the head is subject to necrosis in an ischemic stroke on the left side, the consequences will be insignificant, and the patient can count on 90% recovery of brain impulses. However, this requires timely and correct treatment, as well as strict adherence to the instructions of the attending physician during the rehabilitation period.
A group of drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke:
- Fibrinolytic agents - treatment with these medications begins in the first three hours after a stroke. Complete paralysis of the left side when taking this group of drugs is reduced to zero.
- Anticoagulant drugs - direct action (heparin sodium, nadroparin calcium, dalteparin sodium, enoxyparin sodium), and indirect drugs (Fenilin, Warfarin Nycomed), the patient begins to treat the patient with drugs of this group 2 weeks after the left-sided stroke.
- Antiplatelet drugs - Lamifiban, Clopidogrel, Ticlopidin, Aspirin.
- Vasoactive drugs to strengthen the walls of cerebral vessels, as well as to improve blood flow. Myotropic antispasmodics - No-Shpa, Cinnarizine, antioprotectors - Alprostadil, Anginin;
- Antihypertensive drugs - used for high blood pressure. ACE inhibitors (Captopril), or calcium antagonists (Nicardipine).
- Neuroprotectors - focused on protecting brain cells from pathogenic factors. Glutamate receptor blockers (magnesium preparations), nootropic drugs (Semax, Ceraxon), which improve blood circulation in the brain (Tiklid, Trental), antioxidants (Niacin, Mexidol), adaptogens (eleutherococcus tincture, tincture of Chinese magnolia vine).
rehabilitation period
With a stroke, the left side of the consequences of the disease depends on the actions of the patient during the recovery period. The more desire the patient has to get better, the higher the chances of surviving and returning to a full life.
Experts advise strictly adhere to the following principles:
- bed rest;
- massage of paralyzed limbs;
- passive exercises every 4 hours, performed by her nurse, or relatives of the patient. To do this, it is necessary to bend and unbend the limbs of the victim. Gymnastics should begin with paralysis-prone parts of the body, then move on to healthy ones.
- breathing exercises;
- gradual change of position, with the help of improvised means;
During the rehabilitation period, the patient needs the moral support of loved ones, since the recovery process can drag on for many months. It is very difficult to learn to walk, write, read again, and if a sensitive, sympathetic person is not next to the patient, he may simply stop trying. And stay crippled for life.
Possible consequences and prognosis
With an ischemic stroke on the left side, the consequences and how long patients live also depend on the extent of damage to the nerve endings of the brain. The percentage of survivors after a stroke on the left side is 50% of the total number of patients with this pathology. The prognosis of a stroke of the left cerebral hemisphere is more favorable than that of the right one.
Full recovery occurs in 60% of patients after suffering a left-sided attack.
The factors on which the rate of regeneration of brain cells depends include: timely and adequate treatment, the speed of emergency medical care, the age of the victim, the desire of the patient, the absence of concomitant pathologies.
With a stroke of the left hemisphere of the brain, the consequences will be the following:
- partial or complete paralysis of the right side;
- violation of susceptibility to external stimuli on the right, with right-sided brain damage on the left;
- speech problems;
- loss of reading, writing skills;
- memory failures;
- inability to think logically and adequately assess the situation;
- violation of eye movements;
- a person becomes withdrawn, basic self-service skills are lost, inadequate perception of the outside world, and one's body;
- causeless laughter or crying;
- epileptic seizures.
A stroke of the left-sided cerebral hemisphere can cause not only the formation of disability, but also an attack contributes to a deterioration in the patient's quality of life. Loss of mental abilities, memory, negatively affects the emotional background of the patient, which leads to prolonged depression and a complete loss of interest in what is happening. The support of relatives is an invaluable assistant during the rehabilitation period. Encouragement and instilling confidence in the patient will help him recover faster and return to a full life.
In contact with
Given the annual increase in cases of stroke at a younger age, the problem is relevant. Doctors did not come to an unambiguous decision which specialist should solve this problem. This is due to the fact that the disease affects the leading systems of the human body: cardiovascular and nervous.
Therefore, treatment is carried out by several specialists at the same time (vascular surgeons, neurosurgeons, cardiologists, neuropathologists).
Stroke is one of the most common diseases in the world and is among the leading pathologies leading to disability.
What is a stroke, types
A stroke is a sudden or acute disruption of the blood supply to the brain. The state cannot be called a complete cessation, because with some types of blood supply in a small amount, but remains.
The classification is based on the mechanism of problem formation:
- Without the release of blood from the bloodstream into the tissue and cavity of the brain;
- Rupture of the vessel wall and hemorrhage in the intrathecal region or in the brain tissue.
There are 2 types of disease based on the mechanism of formation:
- Ischemic stroke (due to blockage or stenosis);
- Hemorrhagic (due to the release of blood from the vessel).
According to the international classification of diseases used by doctors, there is the following classification:
- Transient disorders of cerebral circulation:
- transient ischemic attacks;
- cerebral hypertensive crises.
- Acute hypertensive encephalopathy.
- Shell hemorrhage:
- subarachnoid (subarachnoid);
- epi- and subdural
- Hemorrhage in the brain:
- parenchymal;
- parenchymal-subarachnoid;
- parenchymal-ventricular;
- Cerebral infarction (non-embolic):
- due to the pathology of the main arteries of the head;
- in case of pathology of intracerebral vessels;
- another genesis.
- Embolic cerebral infarction:
- cardiogenic;
- another genesis.
According to the localization of the lesion: 
- Hemispheres of the brain.
- The brain stem.
- The ventricles of the brain.
- Subarachnoid.
- Multiple focus (several zones).
Causes of a stroke
In the development of a stroke, reliable and probable causes can be identified.
The probable ones include:
- Smoking and alcohol abuse;
- Improper nutrition;
- stress;
- Obesity;
- Sedentary work;
- oral contraceptives;
- metabolic disorder;
- Hormonal disorders;
- Diets.
Reliable ones include:
- Hereditary predisposition (not only strokes in relatives, but also the following pathological conditions and diseases);
- Myocardial infarction in the past;
- Hypertension (2 and 3 degrees);
- Cardiac ischemia;
- Violations of the rhythm and conduction of the CCC (blockade and arrhythmias);
- Elevated blood cholesterol;
- Vasculitis (inflammation of the walls of blood vessels);
- Aneurysms and anomalies of cerebral vessels;
- Blood diseases;
- Varicose veins;
- Rheumatism.
Signs of a stroke
The prognosis depends on the type of stroke and the severity of the lesion. The main jump in recovery is the first 3-6 months. Further, the critical moment is a year after the attack. The more time has passed, the less chance of restoration of function.
The normal functioning and integrity of blood vessels plays an extremely important role in the activity of all organs and systems of our body. Therefore, any violations of this kind rather quickly, or even immediately, make themselves felt, provoking the development of various pathological conditions. So a violation of the patency or integrity of the blood vessels in the brain can cause a stroke. Let's talk on this page www.site about what a hemorrhagic stroke is in a little more detail. Consider what happens when the right or left side of the brain suffers, the possible consequences of this. In addition, we will answer the question of what should be the treatment and recovery for hemorrhagic stroke.
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
The term hemorrhagic stroke means a clinical form of an acute disorder in the cerebral circulation. In such a pathological condition, any (non-traumatic) entry of blood into the cranial cavity occurs, which is due to rupture of blood vessels inside the brain due to their diseases. As practice shows, hemorrhagic stroke is from eight to fifteen percent of all strokes, it is considered as the most severe form of the disease among other acute cerebrovascular accidents.
The left hemisphere is responsible for logic and speech, and the right hemisphere is responsible for emotions, feelings, creativity and perception of the world around. That is why new information is analyzed in the left, and already familiar - in the right.
If there was a hemorrhagic stroke (left side), what are the consequences?
It is believed that left-hemispheric stroke occurs more often than right-hemispheric. Since this part of the brain is responsible for speech and logic, when it is affected by a stroke, not only the right side of the body is paralyzed, but also language and speech disorders develop.
The victim has speech disorders, his pronunciation becomes slurred and fuzzy. The patient does not understand the speech he hears, he manages to express himself only in fragments of words or individual sounds. Sometimes the victims resemble the mute. It is worth noting that the described symptoms are typical only for right-handed people.
Left-sided hemorrhagic stroke causes rapid disorientation, provokes problems with logical thinking and powerful depressive states. The patient becomes isolated and, as it were, withdraws into himself, as his communication with others becomes more than limited.
With a left-sided stroke, paralysis of the right side of the body occurs - partial or complete.
If a hemorrhagic stroke happened (right side), what consequences are expected?
If the hemorrhage occurred in the right hemisphere, the patient has paralysis of the left side of the body - complete or partial. Most often, this condition is accompanied by the development of persistent disorders of muscle tone, which are characterized by a spastic type. Such a problem tends to increase rapidly during the acute period. At this stage, contractures are actively formed, and the sensitivity of all types is also impaired.
In patients, pain, tactile, muscular-articular and temperature sensitivity may worsen or even disappear altogether. Eye movements may also be disturbed, in which case the entire head and even the pupils remain turned to the left.
When the right hemisphere is affected, not only left-sided spastic hemiparesis is observed, but also vestibular disorders. There may also be blindness of the left eye, diplopia on the left side. Sometimes patients may not see the space on the left at all. Symptoms can be complicated by neuropsychiatric disorders, which are accompanied by persistent sleep disturbances and even problems with swallowing.
Both right-sided and left-sided hemorrhagic strokes can cause death, coma, and severe disability.
Defeat hemorrhagic stroke - treatment and recovery of the body possible?
Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke
Therapy for hemorrhagic stroke can be conservative and operative. Doctors take measures to restore cerebral circulation, to eliminate swelling of the brain, as well as to improve the rheological properties of blood. It goes without saying that stimulation of neurogenesis plays an important role, maintaining the normal activity of other vital systems and functions.
Surgical correction helps to eliminate the hematoma caused by hemorrhage.
For those who have experienced a hemorrhagic stroke, recovery, as a process, gives faith in life
Unfortunately, hemorrhagic stroke often causes death or serious health problems. However, in some cases, doctors, together with relatives, help the patient achieve a partial restoration of health. Rehabilitation is carried out both in medical institutions and at home.
An excellent effect is given by physiotherapy (darsonvalization or electrotherapy, balneotherapy or hydrotherapy, faradization - the use of low-frequency alternating current). Also, many patients who have had a hemorrhagic stroke are shown to carry out paraffin therapy, phototherapy, and acupuncture.
An extremely important role is played by the timely and competent help of a psychotherapist and special exercises. At first, gymnastics should be passive (a nurse or relatives help to do it), but the patient can do some exercises himself (blink, bend fingers, etc.).
Of course, a healthy diet also plays an important role.
Hemorrhagic stroke is an extremely serious disorder that requires adequate timely therapy under supervision in the intensive care unit.
Hemorrhagic stroke is the result of a rupture of one or several large central arteries of the brain. This condition poses a great danger to human health and life. The mortality rate as a result of hemorrhagic stroke reaches 90%. As a result of rupture of large arteries of the brain, there is also a high probability of irreversible processes in the body that can make a person disabled.
The hemorrhagic stroke of the brain is based on a sharp decrease in the rate of local blood flow, followed by the death of some of the cells of the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Most medical and scientific workers habitually compare this condition with an explosion inside the cranial cavity. The volume of intracranial hemorrhage in hemorrhagic stroke can range from 25 to 500 ml of blood.
There are 2 most significant reasons that can provoke such a state, which include:
- Excessive psychological and physical stress. Increased stress on the body can be considered regular stress, physical overload, regular air travel;
- hereditary predisposition. In this case, an increased tendency to develop hemorrhagic stroke extends to one of the cerebral hemispheres.
Symptoms
As a result of such a brain catastrophe, a person loses consciousness, as well as the ability to express his thoughts normally. At the moment of a stroke, the sense of reality and perception of the world around are lost, the person becomes disoriented. People who encountered this problem noted the appearance of visual hallucinations, as well as the distortion of the surrounding image before losing consciousness.
Consequences
Hemorrhagic stroke of the left hemisphere of the brain is characterized by the spread of hemorrhage within this area. The human brain is designed in such a way that when problems arise in the left hemisphere, the right half of the body suffers, and vice versa. As a result of this condition, a person has complete or partial paralysis of the right half of the body. Loss of motor activity of sensitivity can spread not only to the upper and lower limbs, but also to the right half of the larynx and tongue.
People who have had a hemorrhagic stroke can be easily identified by a characteristic gait, when a person pulls an immobilized leg along with him, and his arm on the side of the lesion is folded in the shape of a “boat”.
When the left hemisphere is affected, memory and speech disorders are observed, as a result of which a person constantly forgets letters and numbers, and also cannot clearly state his thought. If we talk about the potential consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke of the left hemisphere, then they directly depend on the functions that this area of the brain carries. The main functions of the left hemisphere include:
- the ability to logical thinking and building cause-and-effect relationships;
- oral and written speech;
- remembering definitions, numbers and names;
- time sequence recognition;
- the study of complex elements by parsing them into components.
In more severe cases, a vegetative coma or death may develop.
Treatment
The probability of saving a person from death, as well as the severity of the probable consequences, directly depends on the timeliness of providing the necessary assistance to the injured person. In this case, we are not talking about hours, but about several minutes. The provision of qualified medical care is effective only in the first 3 hours after the moment of the brain “catastrophe”.
First aid to a person can only consist of the following actions:
- Lay the injured person in a position in which his head will rise at an angle of 30 degrees.
- Provide fresh air by opening a window (if we are talking about a closed room).
- In order to prevent aspiration (entering the lungs) by vomit, it is necessary to turn the person's head to one side.
At the initial stage, the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke is carried out in a hospital. After discharge, the person continues the prescribed treatment, but already at home. An obligatory component of treatment is taking medications that affect the conduction of nerve impulses from the center to the periphery. Such therapy should be continuous from the moment of initiation and until the time indicated by the doctor.
In addition to drug therapy, a person who has had a stroke undergoes special rehabilitation, as a result of which motor and speech functions are restored. Restoration of motor activity is carried out through special gymnastics and massage. Such manipulations have a beneficial effect on local blood flow, and are an effective prevention of bedsores.
The restoration of speech function is carried out through exercises using colored cards, on which various objects and animals can be depicted.
The rehabilitation period after a hemorrhagic stroke can be supplemented by the use of special equipment that allows you to effectively train the corresponding parts of the brain in order to restore lost functions as soon as possible.
Throughout the recovery period, the victim should be assisted by relatives and friends.
Forecasts
With hemorrhagic stroke of the left hemisphere, the prognosis is purely individual for each person. In this case, much depends on the degree of damage to the substance of the brain, the timeliness of the provision of qualified assistance, as well as the correctness of the rehabilitation measures. The percentage of disability among people who have had this type of stroke is about 70%. It is impossible to speak in general terms about how long they live after this state, since it directly depends on the above factors.
The basis for the prevention of this condition is the timely correction of high blood pressure, as well as the minimization of stress.
Article publication date: 05/23/2017
Article last updated: 12/21/2018
In this article, you will learn basic information about a right-sided hemorrhagic stroke: the consequences, how long they live after such a hemorrhage, and what difficulties patients face.
The life of patients after bleeding into brain structures will never be the same. The recovery period lasts up to a year, and the period of the consequences of a stroke lasts the rest of your life.
Lost functions of higher nervous activity are restored as much as possible in the first 3 months, the absence of positive dynamics in this period is a poor prognostic symptom. Only in relation to the ability to speak, a period of up to a year is considered the norm.
The consequences depend on the area and volume of the hemorrhage. A small outpouring of blood is characterized by single consequences, with extensive hematomas, the symptoms are combined with each other.
| Area of hemorrhage | Consequences |
|---|---|
| Carotid zone (right hemisphere of the brain) | Paralysis (complete loss of voluntary movement) or paresis (significant reduction in muscle strength) in the left side of the body (opposite the bleeding site) Loss and sensory disturbances on the left side of the body (hemihypesthesia) Violation of the pelvic organs (urination, defecation, sexual function) Mental disorders (violation of the perception of one's body, denial of the disease, changes in memory, behavior) visual impairment |
| Vertebrobasilar zone (cerebellum, brain stem) | Unilateral or bilateral loss of voluntary movement and sensation Inability to swallow, speak, make sounds (dysphagia, dysarthria, aphasia) Disturbance of coordination of movements, balance (ataxia) Trembling (tremor) Double vision, loss of half of the field of vision (diplopia, hemianopsia) Decreased or complete loss of hearing on the right |
A distant consequence of a cerebral hemorrhage is the loss of mental abilities (dementia) of varying severity.
During the first 6–12 months after a stroke, all patients require specialized care aimed at maintaining vital functions and restoring lost abilities.
Requires ongoing care, including:
- turning in bed to prevent bedsores;
- feeding;
- hygiene procedures;
- massage, physiotherapy exercises;
- the development of speech, writing, memory, the ability to move independently.
This period is extremely difficult both for the patient himself, who suddenly became completely helpless, and for his relatives, who often have to quit their jobs to provide round-the-clock assistance. This creates an additional psychological burden that requires work with a medical psychologist or psychiatrist.
Without proper follow-up and procedures aimed at recovery, all patients with extensive history die within the first six months. Mortality in the group with full care during the first year reaches 30-40%. With good care and medical supervision, 5-10% of patients can live for many years, but half of them require constant help from those around them.
Supervision, control of treatment and recovery is carried out by doctors of several specialties: a neurologist, therapist, psychologist or psychiatrist, exercise therapy doctor.
Consequences of a stroke in numbers
Hemorrhage in the structures of the brain is 15-30% of all strokes, there is no exact data on the damage to the right or left side.
30% of patients die within the first week after bleeding, another 30% during the first month (more often against the background of repeated hemorrhage). The remaining 40% live longer, 5-10% of these people can live for many more years.
The remaining statistics are of a general nature and are not divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic types of circulatory disorders.
About 70% of strokes are diagnosed in the older age group, but cerebrovascular accidents also occur in children, including infants.
During the first year after a violation of cerebral blood supply, 40–45% of patients die, one in five from a recurrent stroke. The maximum risk of death in the recovery period is with extensive lesions in the basin of the carotid arteries.
Mortality after a second stroke is twice as high, the risk of recurrence of circulatory disorders in the first year is 10% and each subsequent year increases by 5–8%.
A stroke of any type and volume is the cause of permanent disability, while after the recovery period:
- 15–20% of patients return to lighter work activities;
- 60% are self-supporting at home;
- 19-35% of people remain completely dependent on others.
Household disorders that persist six months after a stroke:
With good care and medical supervision, 5-10% of patients can live for many years, but half of them require constant help from those around them.
Men recover from hemorrhages much better than women. The most good effect of rehabilitation measures (64%) was noted in the group under 50 years old; in elderly patients, significant positive dynamics can only be achieved in 27%.
Consequences of a stroke depending on the area of hemorrhage
The severity of the consequences of circulatory disorders in the right part of the brain depends on the extent of damage to its substance and arterial pool.
Neurological disorders are divided according to severity, the degree of loss of abilities. They can be combined with each other.
Hemorrhages in the right hemisphere of the brain
- Violation or complete loss of movement in the left half of the body (hemiparesis, hemiplegia). May be incomplete, affecting only one limb or part of it.
In the first three months, with full care, the maximum restoration of lost functions. In the future, the volume of movements practically does not increase. Mobility in the lower limb is restored much better than in the upper one.
The absence of a decrease in neurological deficit after the first month of treatment is an extremely unfavorable prognosis for further recovery.
- Complete loss, reduction or perversion of all types of sensitivity (pain, tactile, temperature) on the half of the body opposite the lesion (hemihypesthesia). It can also be focal in nature, affecting only part of the limb, trunk or head.
- Disorders of the pelvic organs, sexual function. Dysuric disorders include incontinence or pathological retention of urine, which requires diversion with a catheter. The passage of stool is disturbed by the type of constipation, combined with the lack of control of spontaneous defecation.
- Mental disorders are a characteristic symptom of a right-sided lesion of brain structures.
The focus in the frontal lobe is characterized by aggression, lack of criticism of one's words and behavior, anger, excitement.
Hemorrhage in the temporal-parietal zone leads to a loss of assessment of the severity of one's condition (the "disease denial" syndrome), a violation of the spatial sensation of one's body and its parts.
Memory suffers significantly: patients cannot chronologically sort their memories and (or) replace real events with fictional ones. With extensive lesions, complete loss of memory is observed.
- Loss of half or individual quadrants of the visual field. Rarely - complete blindness.
Hemorrhage in the occipital lobes, cerebellum, brain stem
- Complete loss of spontaneous movements in all limbs (tetraplegia), or “locked-in” syndrome, is the most severe consequence of a stroke in the brain stem. Consciousness does not suffer, but the patient cannot move and speak, the blinking function is preserved.
- Disturbances of sensitivity and movements as part of "cross" or alternating syndromes, combining motor lesions on the one hand and dysfunction of the cranial nuclei on the other. They can affect half of the body or separate parts of it, lead to significant disorders in the form of the inability to take a sip or swallow food, to utter any sound.
Violations of sensitivity from complete loss to perversion. - Disturbances in balance, coordination during movements as part of cerebellar ataxia. Small- or large-wave trembling may be noted. Significantly affect the quality of life, but lend themselves well to recovery against the background of rehabilitation measures.
- Visual disturbances: double vision, the disappearance of half of the field of vision, complete blindness.
- Eye mobility disorders: from strabismus to complete immobility (gaze paralysis).
- Loss or significant hearing loss on the side of the hemorrhage in the brain tissue.
Distant disorders after hemorrhage
In all patients after a stroke of the hemorrhagic right side, the consequences after a few years include elements of cerebral dementia (dementia):
- a gradual decrease in the ability to learn, master new skills;
- memory impairment of a different nature: from initial forgetfulness to its complete loss in the later stages;
- inappropriate behavior with different manifestations: aggression, tearfulness, agitation or lethargy, depression;
- increasing helplessness in work, life and personal care.