For expectant mother 

Hygiene and diet of a pregnant woman test. Fundamentals of rational nutrition for pregnant women, regime and personal hygiene of pregnant women. Intimate hygiene of a woman during pregnancy

Hygiene of a woman during pregnancy includes a whole range of measures aimed at strengthening the health of the expectant mother, preserving the fetus and preparing for bearing a baby, childbirth and lactation. Often pathologies during pregnancy arise from non-observance of the diet, psycho-emotional and physical stress. It is these issues that are dealt with by such a branch of medicine as hygiene.

Basic rules of hygiene of a pregnant woman

If we briefly expand the instructions for expectant mothers point by point, then it will look like this:
  1. In the early stages of pregnancy, with its normal course, a woman may not radically change her lifestyle. But it is desirable for her to give up night shifts, physical activity and work in hazardous industries. Expectant mothers will benefit from long walks in the fresh air, special exercises for pregnant women. This has a beneficial effect on muscle and vascular tone.
  2. Expectant mothers should not deny themselves good rest. The night's sleep should be at least 8 hours. If it is possible to lie down during the day, then it is advisable to do so. As for sexual intercourse, doctors recommend refraining from them in the first 2-3 months after conception. And if there is a threat of termination of pregnancy, then sex may be contraindicated until the very birth.
  3. It goes without saying that during the entire period of carrying a baby, a woman should not smoke and consume even low-alcohol drinks. If it is necessary to take medications, it is important to consult a doctor and strictly adhere to the indicated dosages.
  4. Body care should be in the first place for every woman, regardless of whether she is pregnant or not. It is necessary to take a shower every day, morning and evening. The external genitals are treated with special means for intimate hygiene without the use of soap. Vaginal douching is not permitted. Bathing is not recommended. You need to wash using a shower.
  5. Pay attention to the condition of the mammary glands. During pregnancy, it is necessary to prepare for the upcoming breastfeeding. Consult your doctor about the prevention of cracks and mastitis.
  6. Clothes should be chosen in such a way that they are comfortable. Things should not cover the belly and chest. Give preference to natural fabrics in both underwear and clothing. The bra should keep the mammary glands in an elevated position without squeezing them. Eliminate straps and tight elastic bands. From the end of the second trimester, it is recommended to use a maternity band. Choose shoes taking into account possible swelling of the legs with low heels or a small wedge heel.
A similar memo is necessary for all expectant mothers. In some antenatal clinics, you can find pictures depicting hygiene rules during pregnancy. Observing them, it will be possible to avoid many problems during the period of bearing a baby.

Nutritional hygiene of a pregnant woman

The issue of proper nutrition during pregnancy should be given special attention. Since the period of bearing a child presupposes changes in the work of almost all organs and systems, a restructuring of metabolism should also be expected. The calculation of the number of calories is carried out based on the duration of pregnancy and the intensity of energy expenditure.

A complete diet is characterized by the correct ratio of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Only a practicing nutritionist can figure out such a balance in numbers. Therefore, a pregnant woman who monitors her health needs the advice of such a specialist. In the first trimester, dairy products, beef and fish should be included in the diet. They are rich in protein and essential amino acids. If we talk about cereals, then buckwheat and oatmeal will be useful during this period.

Starting in the second trimester, pregnant women are advised not to eat concentrated broths and gravies. The diet should be dominated by dairy and vegetable dishes, fresh juices from seasonal berries and fruits.

The body of a pregnant woman should receive sufficient amounts of iron, phosphorus, potassium and calcium. The sources of these microelements are:

  • hard cheese
  • apples
  • buckwheat
  • oat groats
  • black currant
  • dried apricots and prunes
It is necessary to minimize or completely eliminate the use of baked goods, sweets and jams, which are often the cause of excess body weight. Sweets can be replaced with dried fruits or candied fruits.

Exercise during pregnancy

At antenatal clinics, there are special courses for preparing for childbirth. The complex of activities includes special gymnastics. It is conducted by qualified trainers who select exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back and abdomen, as well as help women learn to breathe correctly. A woman can repeat some exercises herself at home.

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Pregnancy beautifies a woman very much. During this period, a woman becomes the most beautiful, she does not need to suck in her stomach, go on diets, go to exhausting fitness. She can afford to eat whatever she wants, enjoy shopping for children's things, and decorate a room for a future child.

But pregnancy is not only pleasant chores, it is a laborious process that requires constant monitoring. Hygiene of a pregnant woman, her health and positive emotions deserve special attention during this period. There are several main areas that relate to the hygiene of a pregnant woman.

Food hygiene

Food hygiene meansT:

  1. Hand hygiene
  2. Correctly formulated diet
  3. Food quality
  4. The right approach to diet

Let's figure out in order what is most important in the nutrition of a pregnant woman:

  1. Proteins of animal origin. These products include meat, dairy products, fish.
  2. Vegetable proteins. These products include various cereals and legumes.
  3. Cellulose. Foods that are high in fiber include fruits and vegetables, natural sushi rice, and greens.
  4. Calcium. Calcium is very necessary for a baby for growth and good life.
  5. Folic acid. Pregnant women should take folic acid tablets for good baby development. Since only one tablet can be taken per day, you can increase the amount of folic acid by eating cereals and bran bread.
  6. Iron. So that the body does not have a lack of iron, it is necessary to include meat, cereals, various types of dried fruits and eggs in the daily diet.
  7. Vitamins. For the body of the expectant mother and the developing baby, vitamins are very necessary. How to choose complex vitamins can be found in the topic.
  8. Water. Drinking water is very important for a pregnant woman. Purified water, with minerals, without any impurities and chemicals. During the period of gestation, it is best to use bottled water, or mineral water without gas.

Nutritional hygiene of a pregnant woman:

  • Wash your hands with soap and water before every meal. Hands must be carefully handled from the wrist to the very tips.
  • After washing, dry or wipe dry. Excessive moisture builds up new bacteria on your hands.
  • Follow the diet. Distribute the required amount of food per day for 4-5 main meals, and the rest for snacks.
  • You should not consume expired and questionable quality foods, fruits or vegetables with pesticides. Choose foods that are homemade or farmed.
  • Do not store unwashed food.
  • Prepare food immediately before taking, it is better not to eat yesterday's food.
  • Doubtful products are best avoided.

Such simple rules of hygiene of a pregnant woman will protect you from many diseases and problems.

General hygiene: pregnancy body care and clothing selection

In pregnant women, all the processes taking place in a woman's body become more active: the metabolism becomes faster, the secretion of sweat becomes more abundant, the skin, shape, and chest change. That is why the hygiene of a pregnant woman is an extremely important aspect of life in an interesting position.

General pregnancy hygiene tips:

  1. Do not buy bright colorful shower gels, do not choose highly saturated smells. Such funds in a pregnant woman can not only cause allergies, but also nausea. For this period, it is better to buy special, hypoallergenic hygiene products.
  2. A pregnant woman should not use strong-smelling deodorants. Limit the use of perfume to a minimum.
  3. In many women, colostrum begins to be secreted even before childbirth. If you see a discharge, you need to use special pads for the chest. The breasts should always be dry; irritation of the nipples should not be allowed.
  4. It is not recommended for a pregnant woman to wear high heels. During this period, the load on the spine is already large, and the heels increase it. Shoes should be comfortable, you should buy either orthopedic or use silicone pads that replace orthopedic insoles.
  5. Clothes should be comfortable and comfortable. When choosing clothes, do not pinch your tummy. If you love fashionable and stylish clothes, then there is a way out for you too. The modern market offers a huge assortment of clothes for pregnant women. You can read about how to choose beautiful, fashionable clothes for pregnant women in the topic.
  6. Choose your laundry detergent carefully. You should not buy a powder with a strong odor and additives. Instead, buy phosphate-free detergents or gel detergents.

Intimate hygiene of a pregnant woman

At birth, the baby goes through the birth canal. The baby is in close touch with the female genitals. Accordingly, it is extremely important for a pregnant woman to maintain microflora and observe intimate hygiene.

Fundamental rules:

  1. Take a warm shower daily. Hot showers are contraindicated for pregnant women. You can take a bath for pregnant women if there are no contraindications.
  2. Do not use new brand panty liners.
  3. Do not wipe the genitals with wet wipes, only if they are special wipes for intimate hygiene
  4. Don't use colored toilet paper
  5. Depilation of the intimate area should be done periodically. Currently, there are many ways to carry out this procedure.

Simple rules will help you stay healthy and avoid treatment during pregnancy. Intimate hygiene also includes regular visits to a personal gynecologist. The first visit must be made before 3 months. Further, the doctor will schedule visits in accordance with the course of pregnancy. It is impossible to ignore the examinations by the doctor. If you have alarming symptoms, then you should consult a doctor immediately.

Alarming symptoms:

  • Pulling abdominal pain
  • Send the waters away
  • Bleeding
  • Large swelling
  • Feeling unwell
  • Too high temperature

You can read about the pain that a pregnant woman may experience in the article.

Sexual hygiene

The sexual hygiene of a pregnant woman deserves a lot of attention.

You can resume sexual activity from the second trimester, but carefully, choosing the correct postures in which the pregnant woman will not feel discomfort.

At 9 months, it is also advisable to give up sex. This can cause premature birth. But if there is no contraindication, you can have sex until the very birth. Sex life helps to endure contractions easier.

Dental care during pregnancy

Oral hygiene of a pregnant woman is a very important aspect. The pregnant body loses calcium and phosphorus, from which teeth are very crumbled.

Hygiene rules for dental care:

  1. Brush your teeth twice a day. Use mouthwash between meals. Rinses will have a beneficial effect on the gums, preventing inflammation from developing, they will also wash out food debris and give you a fresh breath.
  2. Get routine dental check-ups.
  3. Dental treatment can only be done in the second trimester. It is impossible to start caries during pregnancy. Because the infection that is in the mother's mouth may not have a beneficial effect on the baby. The use of anesthesia during pregnancy is contraindicated. The health of your teeth is the key to the health of the baby and his bones. You can read more about dental treatment in the topic.

Hygiene of the soul of a pregnant woman

Hygiene of the state of mind is one of the unrealistically important points that is often overlooked. Indeed, throughout the entire period, the baby experiences everything the same as the mother. All your thoughts, moods and actions do not pass by him. If you are worried, nervous or anxious - the child experiences the same. Try to make your pregnancy the happiest of your life. This is the best hygiene for a pregnant woman to follow. Walk often, watch your favorite movies, indulge in shopping, get creative. Listen to music, sing, and just be happy. Your baby will be very grateful to you.

Author of the publication: Svyatoslav Sitnikov

During pregnancy with the desired child, every woman is beautiful. The close people around her provide comfortable conditions for life, trying to somehow alleviate her condition, because in all organs and systems of the pregnant woman, cardinal changes occur, which are transferred individually. The body is rebuilt psychologically and physically for a temporary state. Now he must provide normal life for not one person, but two.

The most noticeable changes lend themselves to the skin and mucous membranes, characteristic of the external genitals and the vagina, then changes in hormonal levels, a decrease in immunity and local protection factors occur, due to which the microflora and acid-base balance in the vagina are disturbed. Now the protective functions of the mucous membrane are reduced, the sensitivity to the effects of infections increases, so hygiene during pregnancy takes on a slightly different character.

Intimate hygiene rules that are important for a pregnant woman to know

Every expectant mother is obliged to wash herself in the morning and in the evening, every day, using warm running water (shower or jug). The hand in the process of making a toilet should move in the direction of the pubis - anus. Otherwise, the likelihood of infections characteristic of the rectum increasing into the vagina.

You should not take long baths, as in this case, an infectious bacillus can also get into the genital area immersed in water.

During pregnancy, it is required to pay special attention to the choice of means for intimate hygiene. Experts recommend purchasing these at the pharmacy. In addition, each trip to the toilet should be accompanied by the processing of the labia with a damp cloth, the pH level of which coincides with the acid-base composition of the mucous membranes of the external genital organs. It is these wet wipes that are hypoallergenic, therefore they do not violate the structure of the microbial landscape of the mucous membrane and have, in a sense, a preventive effect. Such wipes are necessary not only for pregnant women, but also for those who are prone to fungal infections.

It is important to pay special attention to the choice of lingerie for a pregnant woman. It should be made of natural fabric, as only it has good breathability. It is important to provide the skin with good air exchange in order to exclude the occurrence of allergic reactions that can develop into an infectious disease.

Hygiene of a pregnant woman provides for the use of only an individual personal bath towel, as well as toiletries. For example, soaps, washcloths, and so on. A pregnant woman's toiletries should not come into contact with the skin of other family members.

Many women prefer disposable sanitary pads. So during pregnancy, they should be abandoned, since they are provocateurs of the development of irritations and infectious diseases. Doctors observing pregnancy recommend washing or changing underwear once again.

Sports and nutrition for pregnant women

Many women choose to use the aqua aerobics pool during pregnancy. If there are no contraindications for this by the attending physician, this is a completely acceptable way to lead a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. But there are some conditions that every pregnant woman who has visited a public pool must fulfill.

When leaving the water, you should immediately take off wet things, take a shower, wipe dry and put on dry clothes. Public swimming pools contain disinfectant solutions that can cause irritation, and the humid environment is conducive to the development of fungal infections. That is why taking a shower after water activities is the key to the cleanliness and health of the genitals and mucous membranes. The temperature of the water in the pool should not bring discomfort to a woman, but, on the contrary, pleasure. Hypothermia is unacceptable.

Hygiene during pregnancy is directly related to nutrition, since changes in the microflora in the vagina can even result in foods that a pregnant woman eats every day. For example, a large amount of eaten sweets or smoked foods cause the development of fungal infections, so you should control your diet, trying to eat the permissible norms of foods. This does not mean that a pregnant woman should give up junk food, but simply control the amount of its use.

Skin care during pregnancy

The rules of personal hygiene of a pregnant woman include not only special care for the cleanliness of the genitals. The cleanliness of the skin is of no small importance. After all, it is he who performs a protective function against the effects of harmful factors that are around us. The skin regulates the heat and absorption of a certain amount of oxygen required by a pregnant woman, so dirty skin loses its functional capacity.

All pregnant women experience an increase in genital discharge. That is why during this period special attention should be paid to the purity of this part of the body. Many experts recommend shaving your bikini area completely because hair can cause persistent odor and other discomfort. If a pregnant woman does not pay due attention to personal hygiene, she develops diaper rash, rashes, and severe gynecological diseases develop.

Hygiene of the mammary glands is of great importance during pregnancy. This part of the body should be washed at least twice a day using warm water and soap. After the procedure, the breasts should be thoroughly dried with a hard towel, but so as not to injure the delicate skin of the nipples.

The second trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a yellow or white discharge from the mammary glands called colostrum. That is why the expectant mother should use special absorbent pads at this time and wash her breasts more often, removing excess fluid. At night, special linen made from natural fabrics should be used.

Bed linen should be changed at least once a week. During the summer period, a pregnant woman suffers from increased sweating, so she should always have dry and wet wipes with her to wipe off sweat. Every pregnant woman should wash her hands frequently and keep the area where she spends most of her time.

Hygiene of a pregnant woman also includes adherence to the correct daily routine, nutrition and walking. Fresh air is necessary to normalize blood pressure, which is directly related to the general condition of the expectant mother.

Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman. But to the pleasant hassle of buying children's things and arranging a children's room, there are also some important responsibilities. Now the expectant mother can no longer do whatever she wants - she must ensure that the optimal conditions for the intrauterine development of the child are maintained. And it is advisable to do this without prejudice to your own health. Therefore, a pregnant woman has to reconsider her diet, as well as begin to monitor her health more closely.

Hygiene and nutrition of pregnant women

Proper nutrition in this case is not just empty words. During pregnancy, a woman must find a balance between the intake of all the nutrients that she and her baby need, as well as keeping her weight within the normal range. It is not easy to cope with such a task. And for this, first of all, you need to deal with the permissible weight gain during pregnancy. For 9 months of bearing a child, a woman should normally gain 8-10 kg. Of these, 3-4 kg is the weight of the baby, 1 kg is an enlarged uterus, 500 g. - placenta, 700 gr. - amniotic fluid, 1 kg - enlarging breasts and 1 kg 300 gr. - an increase in blood volume in a pregnant woman. As you can see, the items “hips”, “cheeks” and “belly” are not in the list . And this means, you still have to limit yourself in food. But this must be done competently and carefully, so as not to infringe on your baby in the substances and trace elements he needs. And it is for this that a pregnant woman is given “food intuition” to help her, which is worth listening to. If you constantly crave buckwheat, or apples, or meat, do not deny yourself this. Most likely, these food products contain those biochemical components that are lacking in your body or growing fetus.

And more about the general principles of nutrition during pregnancy. The mom-to-be should really consume an additional 300-500 kcal per day. But try to make sure that all these calories are evenly distributed between proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, minerals and liquid, and not just enter your body in the form of cakes and cakes.

The main components of a healthy diet during pregnancy:

  • animal proteins (meat, fish, dairy products)
  • vegetable proteins (cereals, legumes)
  • fiber (fruits, vegetables, herbs)
  • folic acid (cereals, bran bread)
  • calcium (milk, kefir, cottage cheese, cheese)
  • iron (meat, eggs, cereals, dried fruits)
  • plenty of water
  • complex vitamins for pregnant women

Hygiene of a pregnant woman

In addition to nutrition, a pregnant woman should strictly monitor personal hygiene. Every day, she should spend enough time in the fresh air, actively move, but at the same time not overexert herself and in no case lift weights. It is very useful for expectant mothers to perform special gymnastics.

During pregnancy, you should avoid noisy companies, large gatherings of people and do not need to visit places where people smoke. In the summer, it's good to spend time in the sun, just not very long, no more than 20 minutes a day. This promotes the production of vitamin D in a woman's body. Expectant mothers are supposed to sleep at least 8-9 hours a day. And be sure to avoid stress and negative emotions.

Intimate hygiene for pregnant women involves a daily shower, morning and evening (as during pregnancy, a woman's sweating becomes more intense), as well as washing the external genitals with warm water and soap. Douching during pregnancy should be avoided. Special hygiene products for pregnant women are sold in pharmacies, they do not contain artificial ingredients that can cause allergies or irritation, and are completely safe for the health of the expectant mother.

Clothes and shoes of a pregnant woman should be comfortable and made from natural materials. Particular attention should be paid to the choice of bra. It must match the shape and volume of the chest exactly.

Personal hygiene of a pregnant woman

During pregnancy, a woman should have regular check-ups with a gynecologist. The first visit should be as early as possible, preferably before the 12th week of pregnancy, so that the doctor can diagnose all kinds of risks in time. Before the 20th week of pregnancy, visits are required once a month, but still, a woman has to often go to the hospital in order to pass all the necessary tests and be examined by other specialists. After 20 weeks, the gynecologist should be visited 2 times a month. And in the last trimester of pregnancy, you need to see a doctor every week. If there are problems with the course of pregnancy, unfortunately, you have to visit the hospital much more often. But this is very important for the unborn child, so the woman has to endure a little.

You need to go to the hospital immediately if a woman has:

  • there were pulling pains in the lower abdomen
  • there was an outpouring of amniotic fluid
  • bloody discharge
  • the temperature has risen
  • the state of health has sharply deteriorated

In addition to the gynecologist, another doctor who needs to be visited regularly during pregnancy is the dentist. The female body loses so much calcium and phosphorus that the teeth of the expectant mother can be severely damaged. Therefore, in order to avoid big problems, even the smallest holes must be sealed in a timely manner.

Hygiene of pregnant women also implies the exclusion of sexual intercourse in the first 3 months of pregnancy and at least 2 months after childbirth. can lead to severe bleeding, or even result in a miscarriage. In the second trimester of pregnancy, spouses can already return to sexual activity. But it is important to avoid sudden movements and postures that can put pressure on the fetus. In the last month before childbirth, it is also worth giving up sex. And to resume sexual relations only when the woman's body fully recovers after carrying a pregnancy and childbirth.

Let your pregnancy proceed easily, and let your little belly please you with its excellent health.

In this tutorial.

Nutrition during pregnancy, diet of the last month, during childbirth, after childbirth. Hemoglobin - diet, fresh air. Hygiene of a pregnant woman. Bath and sauna. How to relieve the "inconvenience" during pregnancy: sleep, constipation

Breathing exercises, relaxation technique. Vocal therapy. Gymnastics.
Home Reference Printed: Breathing Exercises.

Nutrition

(Based on materials: kid.ru/)

The inconveniences of pregnancy can be reduced with the help of proper, nutritious nutrition, because many of them arise precisely from the fact that the rebuilding body lacks vitamins or microelements. And nature is arranged in such a way that first everything necessary goes to the fetus, and then what is left goes to the mother. Therefore, the increased need for nutrition during pregnancy is undeniable.

Pregnancy leads to an increase in body weight over the entire period by an average of about 11 kg. It is considered optimal if this increase is 230-460 g per week. However, it should be borne in mind that a pregnant woman with a significantly reduced body weight can add more than 11 kg without harm to her health, while a full sedentary woman should not increase her already excessive body weight by 11 kg, therefore, an individual approach to the diet of a pregnant woman is required ...

Caloric intake and weight gain or loss correlate with each other. The adequacy of food intake with a certain amount of calories can be assessed depending on the change in body weight. Insufficient nutrition of a pregnant woman (low hemoglobin level or hypoproteinemia) is a cause that contributes to pathological bleeding and spontaneous premature birth. Pregnant women with insufficient weight are exactly the category of women who are most likely to have premature birth. Preeclampsia and eclampsia may be partly the result of malnutrition, most likely protein (S. I. Babson et al., 1979). The previous view that fetal growth can be satisfactory despite maternal weight loss is now scientifically disproved. The health of the mother and the fetus depends more on the quality and to a lesser extent on the amount of food she takes. It is known that the normal weight of the fetus doubles during the next two months of pregnancy. This increase in mass can be significantly reduced with a fast diet.

Adequate nutrition for a pregnant woman is more important for the growth and development of the fetus than for a nursing mother for the growth and development of her newborn.

Pregnant women are advised to increase the caloric content of food by 300 kcal (compared to non-pregnant women), take optimal doses of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and 16 other food components (vitamins A, D, E, C, group B, folic acid, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc).
Given the important role of proteins in pregnancy anabolism, the importance of carbohydrates and fats is often underestimated in case of excessive weight loss. It is known that a protein deficiency can develop even with a sufficient intake of protein, if the caloric content of food is reduced, since most of the amino acids will be deaminated to cover energy needs. A short half-starvation (less than 1500 kcal) can cause a decrease in the amount of proteins, enzymes and even hormones in the body. If fasting lasts several weeks or months, fluid retention and weight gain occur, which can be misinterpreted by a doctor and lead to a stricter diet. It is quite difficult to provide pregnant women with adequate nutrition. Lack of knowledge, general culture, upbringing, money, etc. are the reasons why a pregnant woman does not receive a well-balanced food rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. The amount of foods containing carbohydrates (especially easily digestible ones) should be limited. Here is a list and quantity of staple foods for pregnancy and lactation per day (Brewer, 1989):

  • four glasses (or more) milk (any);
  • two eggs;
  • one or two servings of fish, liver, chicken, lean meat, or any cheese;
  • one or two servings of fresh vegetables (green leafy) - turnips, lettuce, cabbage;
  • two or three slices of bread;
  • one orange (grapefruit), lemon or a glass of juice of these citrus fruits;
  • one serving of vitamin A fortified margarine.

During pregnancy and lactation, a woman should consume

  • a portion of porridge (millet, wheat, semolina or oatmeal), 4 times a week;
  • yellow or red vegetables (turnips, beets, etc.), 5 times a week;
  • liver - once a week;
  • whole baked potatoes - 3 times a week.

The opinion that an excess of table salt in food contributes to the development of toxicosis in pregnant women, which has existed for many years, is now being refuted. If you eat well, especially if you consume enough protein, sodium ions will be neutralized.

Poor nutrition of a pregnant woman can be the reason for the birth of a child with reduced body weight or delayed psychomotor development.

A favorable diet before conception and in the first three months of pregnancy is often overlooked as a vital necessity for the fetus, since this period escapes the supervision of a family doctor. In addition, the mother's childhood, passed in poverty, affects the growth of the fetus, slowing it down, even if her social and living conditions improve in the future.
A gentle pregnancy diet, aimed at improving nutritional quality rather than increasing calories, is essential for the fetus to limit its size and prevent the risk of birth injury.
It should be noted that short intervals between pregnancies can deplete the body's nutrient reserves and adversely affect the offspring.

Diet of the last month before childbirth

I would like to add about the need to reduce the consumption of meat, flour and fat in the last month of pregnancy, up to complete rejection, if possible. This will facilitate the work of the kidneys, liver, which are already experiencing very great pressure from the child. Especially it is worth worrying about the lightness of food in the last two weeks before childbirth, when contractions can begin at any moment. As a rule, the first weeks after childbirth, bowel movements cause very unpleasant sensations, and in order to make your life easier, it is better not to eat heavy and dry foods, eat more liquid food, fiber (however, remember that in the second half of pregnancy, it is not advisable to take fluid intake to exceed 1, 2 liters per day, and it is also necessary to limit salt intake). Of course, before giving birth in the hospital, you will be given a cleansing enema so that the overflowing intestines do not interfere with the normal course of labor.
As for the influence of nutrition in the last month on the child, it is in the last month that the child gains the most weight, and this moment should also be controlled. Remember that when it is said that food should be sufficient and complete, this does not mean that you can overeat. At the 36th week, all the systems of the child's body are already quite well formed, and now is the time to take care of the woman's comfort after childbirth, providing her with full, but light food: vegetables, fruits, herbs, juices, meat broths. And try to substitute fruit for sweets.

Features of nutrition and hygiene during and immediately after childbirth

Childbirth is accompanied by a large expenditure of energy, so the woman in labor needs nutrition during the period of cervical dilatation. Food should be very easily digestible: jelly, broth with eggs, semolina, rolls, dairy products, sweet tea, etc. The portions are small. The expectant mother often forgets from food, it is necessary that someone should monitor the timely intake of her food. In a maternity hospital, this function is performed by a midwife, but you yourself must provide for everything.

It is very important to go to the toilet on time, at least once every 2-3 hours "in a small way." After that, it is advisable to wash off, preferably with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

The first 3-5 days after giving birth, the breast is full of milk, so you should not consume a lot of liquid at this time, on the contrary, drink as little as possible. The baby is often still unable to empty the breast, so relieve tension in the breast with a breast pump or express some milk with your hands using a circular massage from the periphery to the center. Do not empty your chest, but make sure that it is not stony. This will help you maintain good lactation for a long time and reduce the likelihood of inflammation.

Hemoglobin

The exit of the placenta is accompanied by natural blood loss. The midwife checks the integrity of the placenta immediately after the birth. The placenta is usually monochromatic. If it has white spots or it is small in size, it means that it lacked something, for example, oxygen.

If the placenta is intact, then blood loss will be minimal, but still noticeable for the anemic woman. Therefore, the mother's body must be prepared in advance for this.
Eating iron-rich foods in the last month of pregnancy promotes plethora and makes blood loss less painful.

The hemoglobin level can be raised with the help of the following products: caviar, buckwheat, pomegranates, meat and fish dishes (including liver, preferably veal, poultry meat), legumes (peas, beans, etc.), wheat germ , onions and green onions, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, plum juice, plums, apricots, dried apricots, raisins, nuts (including almonds), bran and rye bread. In addition, they contain iron green apples, wheat porridge, dark chocolate, beets, tomato juice, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, peanut butter, oatmeal, pineapples. Kalina increases hemoglobin (binds iron).

It is necessary to take into account that no matter how much you eat iron-containing foods, but if the body does not absorb it well, the amount of them will not save you. Therefore, you need to know that vitamin C helps to assimilate iron, and with its lack, iron is practically not absorbed.
In addition, our body absorbs iron from products of animal origin much better than from flour food: in the first case, about 20% of iron is "beneficial", and in the second - no more than 5%. Specialists-nutritionists, giving recommendations on the formation of the menu, advise to maintain the ratio of products of plant and animal origin as three to one: this balance is closest to the "ideal diet" and has a positive effect on the work of internal organs.

Let's take a closer look at some of the products.
Buckwheat can help to cope with anemia faster than many drugs. However, it should be consumed for a long time in order to achieve the desired effect - at least a month every day.
In addition to iron itself, meat products also contain proteins necessary for its assimilation. However, they should not be greasy, so as not to increase the burden on the liver.
Legumes contain vegetable protein. However, not every organism can assimilate a large amount of legumes, so do not abuse it, otherwise heaviness in the stomach and bloating may appear.
We offer you a good menu of dishes that help to cope with anemia. There is also an exercise in this note, which, according to the coordinator of the courses for pregnant women at the White Wings Center for Creative Pedagogy, also helps well to raise hemoglobin levels.

Hygiene of a pregnant woman

During pregnancy, many women experience increased sweating, often with a changed odor. An increase in vaginal discharge is also very likely. Also, most women have an increased frequency of urination. These changes are natural and are associated with changes in the body - a powerful restructuring of the hormonal system occurs, the volume of blood flow increases, and there is a gradual displacement of internal organs, pushed aside by the growing uterus.

However, in addition to discomfort, these changes create conditions for the multiplication of bacteria, fungi, etc. Therefore, during pregnancy, it is necessary to increase the frequency of procedures that maintain the purity of the woman's body. These can be baths, showers, even a sauna or bath. Contraindications to visiting a bath or sauna are acute inflammatory diseases, conditions after recent surgery, complicated pregnancy. The effect of the bath in traditional medicine is reduced to negative, but we will talk about this below.

It is advisable to lay a special rug on the floor under your feet to reduce slipping. Remember to be careful about your movements. Towards the end of pregnancy, taking a shower becomes more difficult, be sure to ask your spouse for help, this will not only make your life easier, but also make you even closer.
Treat hygiene products a little more carefully - watch the reaction of the body and try to choose dim colors and unexpressed odors.

In order to try to improve the condition of the skin, use soft creams and lotions, special cosmetic creams. During the day, spray your face with filtered or boiled water using a spray bottle, humidify the air in the room. The most important contribution to improving your skin is made by proper nutrition, adequate amounts of vitamins and good hygiene. If you are worried about blemishes on your skin (for example, before going on a visit), you can use a cosmetic color corrector and then apply foundation powder or cream to the area. However, don't overuse it and just try to accept these changes for now.

At hair care keep in mind that perm and hair coloring are contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy due to the potential hazard to the fetus. And before doing them at a later date, think - is it really necessary? You may find that your natural hair color is no worse than what you are used to.

If you are worried about the increased amount of hair on your shins or other places where you do not want to see them, you can carefully remove this hair, just do not use chemical depilators in any form (creams, gels, etc.).

A very important point - oral hygiene... Diseased teeth can become a source of infection and cause complications in the postpartum period. Therefore, in addition to a one-time compulsory visit to the dentist, recommended for all pregnant women, do not hesitate to contact him several times in terms of prevention, not to mention those cases when the need arises. Don't be put off for later! It is advisable to put your teeth and gums in full order even before conception. pain relievers are undesirable during pregnancy. If you do not have time, then contact your dentist, and do not forget to inform him about your pregnancy. Discuss with your doctor all the manipulations and means that he is going to use during your treatment - X-ray and other examinations, anesthesia and anesthesia, and other medications. We advise you to go to the dentist just before childbirth, after you may not have time to do this.

During pregnancy, you should brush your teeth at least twice a day. Don't ignore the "recommended by the world's dentists" pastes and specially designed brushes for cleaning hard-to-reach crowns. You can use floss - special threads of different thicknesses for cleaning your teeth. An irrigator, a device that cleans out food debris with the pressure of a stream of water, can replace the threads and brushes of a special design. Dentists recommend using it 1-2 times a day.

An important contribution to the condition of your teeth and gums is made by a proper diet rich in vitamins and microelements (fluoride, phosphorus and calcium are especially important, and of vitamins - ascorbic and niacin; the latter should not be confused with nicotine). Limit the use of sweets, especially - caramel, candy, drinks such as "Cola" or "Fanta". After them, you need to brush your teeth or at least just rinse your mouth with plain water. Many obstetricians-gynecologists believe that it is enough for a mother-to-be to eat 200 g of cottage cheese a day, and her body will more than replenish all the necessary reserves of calcium and other trace elements. And an excess of calcium in the body of a pregnant woman leads to a hardening of the baby's head, because of which the head will not be elastic enough to pass the birth canal. Dentists, on the contrary, consider this opinion of obstetricians-gynecologists stupidity and advise taking phosphorus-calcium complexes ... Who is right in this dispute is difficult to understand. But you have to make some decision.

In addition to the well-known truths about caring for the cleanliness of the skin of the face, the whole body and genitals, there is information about the need care for the condition of the armpits... This is necessary because it is here that thrush fungus (candidiasis) can be located, which in the postpartum period can cause cracks in the mother's nipples and damage to the oral cavity of the newborn.

Moreover, Temper your nipples: To do this, after washing the mammary glands, massage the nipples with a clean, hard towel for a minute, then lubricate them with boric petroleum jelly. It has been established that women who prepare their nipples during pregnancy in the way described above suffer from mastitis 4-5 times less often. This is especially necessary for those women whose nipple is small and flat. (On the Maternity.Ru forum, many women say that such tempering of the nipples did not save them from mastitis. At the same time, others did not prepare the nipples in any way, and they did not have any special problems with their breasts other than soreness during the first feeding period - approx. CMM "Makosh").

Some women feel great during pregnancy, celebrate creativity and do not worry about changes in their appearance. However, many women are depressed by the gained weight, lost proportions, problems with the skin, secretions, etc. Self-doubt, layering on the emotional instability common for pregnant women, can become a serious source of anxiety and irritability. And this is not needed by anyone - neither you, nor the fetus, nor the household.

By keeping yourself in good hygienic shape, you will keep these time cons to a minimum. And with the remaining minimum will help to cope ... a sense of humor! Record a tango or samba in your performance on a video camera (in the thirtieth week). Just smile and look boldly straight into the lens. They have always said about us - a strong people who can laugh at themselves!
If you do not agree with the statement that pregnancy makes a woman beautiful, then at least try to look critically at the problem - these changes in your body are not at all ugly, they can cause a kind smile, and not at all a grin.

Obstetrics, gynecology and sauna

Bath (sauna) in the life of many peoples not only played a hygienic role, but was also a place where people were born and died. In particular, at one time in Russia it was customary to give birth to children in a bath not only among commoners, but also among boyars and in royal families. Many other nations of the world have done the same. For the Maya, the bathhouse was also the birthplace of children. And the habit of Finnish women to give birth in a sauna has recently become the subject of attention of doctors. It turned out that a sauna, especially a home sauna, is a sterile space from a bacteriological point of view. The sauna created good conditions for childbirth: there is a lot of warm water, the right air temperature, other hygienic conditions not only for the woman in labor, but also for the newborn.

If during pregnancy a woman used the sauna (bath) correctly, her childbirth is much easier and in time the childbirth itself is about 1/3 shorter. Pregnant women who attended the bathhouse experience much less pain during childbirth that requires the use of antispasmodics and analgesics. This is due to the psyche, an increase in the elasticity of the ligamentous apparatus, a decrease in excessive muscle tension, a positive effect of the bath (sauna) on the autonomic nervous system.

Bath (sauna) causes an increase in lactation in nursing mothers, which is noted in about 80% of cases.

It is known that about 1/3 of pregnant women get varicose veins or its complications during pregnancy. When a pregnant woman visits a bath, these disorders decrease, which is associated with an increase in the tone of the vascular system, which helps to reduce the tendency to a collaptoid state. Thrombosis and their complications are less often observed in women who visited the bath (sauna), which indicates the effect of the sauna (bath) on the mechanisms of blood coagulation. When pregnant women visited the sauna, they experienced a decrease in headache, fatigue and gastrointestinal disturbances. The course of some infectious diseases during pregnancy is easier if a woman goes to a bathhouse. For example, the course of influenza in women visiting the bathhouse is much easier. Under the influence of the sauna (bath), skin diseases during pregnancy, such as urticaria, dermatotoxicosis, itching and others, can regress or completely disappear.

Bath (sauna) is used in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Basically, we are talking about chronic processes. The positive effect of the bath on the course of gynecological diseases is associated with an increase in blood circulation in the skin, the inclusion of redistribution and compensatory mechanisms that change blood circulation in the internal organs, with changes caused by rapid cooling. This leads to an improvement in blood circulation in chronic diseases of internal organs and the removal of inflammatory components from tissues.

Indications for the appointment of a bath (sauna) in gynecology and obstetrics: primary and secondary sterility and infertility, dysfunction of the ovaries and associated disorders of the uterus, primary and secondary amenorrhea, ovarian dysmenorrhea and insufficiency, chronic inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs, chronic complications after termination of pregnancy, menopausal syndrome with tolerance of hyperthermal procedures, normal pregnancy up to childbirth.

Contraindications: acute inflammatory diseases, conditions after recent surgery, complicated pregnancy.

How to steam for pregnant women

I would like to warn expectant mothers: in the antenatal clinic, you will most likely be advised to go to the steam room - doctors, as they say, know better. But if you are drawn to the steam room, look for an experienced instructor, do not experiment alone.

  • you need to take a steam bath not only in a hat, but also in good company, the psychological climate is very important
  • first, go to the steam room (temperature about 90 degrees) for five to seven minutes. Monitor your heart rate - no more than 120 beats per minute
  • then you have to go out, throw on a sheet, sit on the sofa, drink herbal tea (with mint, chamomile, lemon balm). Heart, pulse return to normal
  • under the shower, wash off the released salt, wipe off
  • go back to the steam room for ten minutes. Track your pulse
  • then you need to go out, rest, drink or eat fruit
  • after that you get under the shower, dry yourself
  • return to the steam room for the third time. With a pre-soaked birch broom, make a light massage of the feet, legs and thighs. Ask your friends to gently spank you on the back (you can get on all fours). Continue with a light massage on the shoulders and even on the tummy
  • come out. Now you can plunge into the cold font with your head. At this moment, the peripheral vessels are narrowed, and the vessels of the internal organs expand. Redistribution occurs, which means that the blood is improved, hemoglobin rises
  • further - a pool with warmer water (28-30 degrees) water or a warm shower. Enjoy, relieve stress

Whether to continue further, intuition will tell. In principle, we can stop at this. Dry your head with a hairdryer - and go home to a warm bed. With every part of your body, you feel that you have cleansed yourself, detoxified. The knowledge that thanks to the sauna, water of contrasting temperatures and a broom, your and your child's immune defense has increased, warms the soul ...