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When neither dedicated particles. Negative particle "not" and "n": Rules, examples. Implicit definitions. Receiving definitions

It would be difficult for us to answer anything with a refusal if not a negative particle. As one of the most consumable service parts of speech, it helps us express your attitude towards a particular situation. About her role in Russian, as well as about varieties, let's talk in our article.

Particles

All parts of the speech are customary to divide into two large groups. The first includes independent words. They possess their own meaning and are the basis of our speech. However, it would be difficult for us to make text using only this group. Therefore, they come to the rescue the so-called official parties include a negative particle. However, this is not the only kind of this group.

There are also the following:

  • Molding form: Let, would, come on.
  • Questionally: Ul, unless.
  • Exclamation: like what for.
  • Requirement: something, ka, s.
  • Doubt: Lee.

Each of them has its own definite goal and a special role in Russian. It would be difficult to express emotions without using particles.

"NE"

In writing negative particles, difficulties are very often arising. It turns out that "not" and "nor" have absolutely different meaning. Each of the rules has a historical basis.

We will write "nor":

  • When we want to strengthen the existing negation. Compare two suggestions:
  1. There was no fish in the lake. 2. We did not see any fish in the lake.

In the second sentence, denial is stronger than in the first. The focus on the fact that in the reservoir fishermen did not observe the fish at all, absolutely no.

  • In complex proposals. This particle is very often used in the dependent part.

For example: wherever I go, I thought about the sea everywhere.

I can not learn rules, no matter how try.

  • When using homogeneous and listed members.

Neither mathematics nor biology nor physics was made by Peter in time.

  • There is no leaky. Very often you can substitute the words "it is impossible" or "no".

For example: neither fire, nor smoke (no).

Neither lie down or rest (it is impossible).

The main function that transmits this negative particle is gain.

"Not"

A little different meaning is carried by this service part of speech. We usually use "not" when we want to refuse something or give the word an antonymy value. Consider other cases when "not" is a negative particle:

  • Double "not" pronounced when approving.

For example: I could not not say about it. I understood that it was impossible not to confess.

  • In some exclamation deals, which refer to surprise, too, write "not":

How not to admire this city! Whatever the color did not mercinate the sky during a thunderstorm!

It is worth the spelling "not" and "nor" in pronvious. In this situation, it all depends on the emphasis. In a strong position, we write "E": no one, not with anyone who has no one. We use "and" without stagnation: in any way, no, no about whom.

and verbalia

It is not easy to schoolchildren to memorize the spelling rules for this particle with various speech groups. Each of them has its own spellotographic features. How does the particle "not" with verprees are written? The answer to this question is simple: always separately. Immediately remember its similar spelling with the verb. Temploying is formed just from him. Hence the same principle of writing them. For example: Do not do - without making, not sunbathing - not sunbathing.

However, there are cases when the word without this important particle is simply not used. In this case, we will write it to it. Consider an example: resenting the rain - screaming, indigrant about the rain. With the verb, and with a similar adherent, the negative particle is written together.

This rule is easiest to be remembered by learning, since it is quite a bit of exceptions.

"Not" particle with nouns

Not always the rule spelling rules are simple. For example, im.Sut, as well as them. And adveria have their own scheme use them with a "not" particle.

Let's write it in cases:

  • The formation of antonym with "not". For example: Friend - Neudar, weather - bad weather, beautiful - ugly, little - quite a lot.
  • The impossibility of drinking words without "not": awkward, rascal, sludge, frantically.

Separately "not" is written if:

  • There is an explicit opposition. It is usually expressed by the Union "A". For example: a man turned out to be him not a friend, but an enemy. Not good luck, and the full collapse and disappointment expected us.
  • The negation is emphasized: the phone did not call the phone (and someone else). We arrived not in the evening, but at night.
  • There is a strengthening. For example: our neighbor is not at all high growth. My sister is not a Yabeda.

We present the main cases when the particle "not" is written with nouns, both shaken and separately. Do not forget that there are also adverbs with adjectives. If you remember this important feature, then you don't have to remember the spelling "not" for each part of speech separately.

"Not" with communities

Another case when the negative particle "not" is written, and not "nor" is eating it with communion. Many confuse his spelling with verprices. These parts of the speech were formed from the verbs, but with "not" are written completely differently.

Everyone knows that communions have the ability to form revisions using dependent words. In the case when it is used precisely as part of the turnover, we will write it separately with "not". Example: a student who did not fulfill the exercise received a two. As you can see, the communion "not fulfilled" is written separately from "not" because it has a dependent word "exercise" with itself. In this case, it enters what the spelling explains with a negative particle.

However, there is another side of this rule. In the case when there is no turnover, the communion changes its writing. Consider an example: an exercise remains unfulfilled.

It would seem that the sense of the proposal was not changed. However, the syntax in it is completely different. Now the sacrament does not have any dependent words with it. This means that there is no reason to write it with a particle separately.

Change this example only in one word: the exercise remained not performed by students. We celebrate the difference: now the word appeared that forms the involvement of the turnover (students). In such a situation, we will write it separately from "not".

Well, and, of course, as in each rule, there are exceptions. If the communion without this particle is not used, then we will write it to it, regardless of whether there is a turnover or absent. For example: Furious Wind did not subside until dawn.

Output

In this article, we reviewed the main cases when "not" is a negative particle, and when other roles perform. Do not confuse it with "nor": they have different characteristics of spelling. However, the main function "not" is still denial. In some question and exclamation proposals, we can use it as an affirmative. Also, do not forget that with each part of speech it is written in different ways.

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVENegative, negative.

2. Indicating the absence of something opposite to the expected; ant. Positive (scientified book.). Experience gave negative results.

3. Unfavorable, inappropriate, hostile; ant. Positive. Negative review about the essay. Negative attitude towards something. Negative (nash.) Take something.

4. Disapproval, bad. Negative act. Negative types in the novel. Negative character traits.

5. Built on denials based on denying something concepts (scientific). Negative definition. Negative proof method.

6. Little than zero, which is a value taken with a minus sign (Mat.). Negative numbers. Negative value.

7. adj., By meaning associated with the type of electricity, which constitutes material particles (atoms) of which are called electrons; ant. Positive (Piz.) Negative electrical charge.


Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.


Synonyms:

Antonyms:

Watch what is "negative" in other dictionaries:

    See thin ... Dictionary of Russian Synonyms and Similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. Negative bad, lean; Bad, shadow, crucial, diverse, the features that are smaller than zero, critical, bad ... Synonym dictionary

    Negative, Aya, OE; Flax, flax. 1. Contributing negation rejecting that N. O. Answer. O. Result. O. Feedback on work. Negative Proposal (in grammar: a proposal containing denial before the faithful or as part of the facility) ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

    - (Negative) the number is less than zero, which is written as follows: x0 or x-0. x0 means x is strictly negative, i.e. Always less than zero; X -0 means x is negative in a less strict sense, including ... ... Economic Dictionary

    negative - 1. The crystal containing the cavity, the form of which coincides with one of the possible crystalline forms of the mineral. 2. Anisotropic crystal, in which the refractive index of the unusual ray is greater than the indicator of the ordinary beam. [Anglo Russian ... Technical translator directory

    Adj., Upotr. compared. Often morphology: negative, negative, negative, negative; more negative; nar. Negative 1. Answer, gesture, etc. Call negative when they imply a failure, disagreement. Board jury gave ... ... Explanatory dictionary Dmitrieva

    negative - Aya, OE; flax, flax 1) expressing denial rejecting that l. Negative answer. Negative solution. In no case, they do not give oath and before the court, they are content with affirmative or negative testimony (Granovsky). Antonyms: ... ... Popular Dictionary of the Russian Language

    negative - ▲ Reductive integrity positive negative incompatible with necessity; associated with lack; Reductive systemal system (# start). Negability inconsistency of elements. Bad (effect). Not good. ... ... The ideographic dictionary of the Russian language

    negative - Time to lose negative, NEG, the use of time disappears, subject, negative time to lose negative, the use of the voice broke the change, the subject, the negative case is complicated by the change, liabilities on Xa, ... ... Verbal combination of unforeseen names

    I arr. 1. denying anything rejecting the content of the question or request. Ant: Affirmative 2. Testing the absence of something or inappropriate to anyone expected. 3. Built on denials based on denying that ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language

    Negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, negative, ... ... Word forms

Books

  • Strategy. Negative rating, Mazin Alexander Vladimirovich. Big game. Strategy. Log in it. It is necessary to survive in it. In one of the three new items of worlds. In the world of Vikings Midgard. In the world of mutants, radiation and hostile clans of the dying ...

A negative definition does not disclose the defined concept. It indicates what is not an object without indicating what it is. Such, for example, the definition "Comparison is not proof." However, this rule does not apply to the definition of negative concepts. "The athugar is a person who does not recognize the existence of God", "Nezozny property - the property that does not have the owner or the owner of which is unknown." Examples of the right definitions.

Implicit definitions. Receiving definitions

With the help of determining the genus and species difference, most concepts can be determined. However, for some concepts, this reception is unsuitable. It is impossible to determine through the genus and species difference extremely broad concepts (categories), since they do not have a genus cannot be determined through the nearest genus and species difference of single concepts, since they do not have species differences. In these cases, they resort to implicit definitions, as well as to techniques replacing the definition.

Implicit definitions applies definition through relation to its opposite, contextual, environmental and some others. The first of these definitions is widely used in determining philosophical categories. For example: "Freedom is a disabled need"; "The possibility is a potential reality"; "Reality is a realized opportunity." IN contextual definition the content of the concept is disclosed in a relatively independent discernment of a written or oral speech (context). For example, the concept of "categorical" can be established in the context "In his letters I ask you only a categorical, direct response - yes or no" (Chekhov).

Ostenskid (From the Latin word Ostendo - "Show") is a definition that establishes the value of the term by demonstrating the subject denoted by this term. These definitions are used to characterize items available to direct perception. For example, when familiarizing with criminalistic technology, the contents of the investigative kits are demonstrated (instruments, tools, devices for detecting, fixing and removing traces; Accessories intended for photographing, etc.), indicating each item to the corresponding term.

The hydraulic definition is also used to characterize the simplest properties of things "colors, odor, taste, etc.

In some cases used receiving Definitions: comparison, description, characteristic.

With help comparison one subject is compared with another similar to any respect. This reception is used for the sample characteristics of the subject.

Vivid comparisons belonging to philosophers, writers, scientists are widely known. "Books - Majestic Lighthouses in the Ocean of Time" (F. Nietzsche), "The Word is a commander of human strength" (V. Mayakovsky), "The specialist is similar to Fluus: the completeness of its one-sided-nya" (K. Purtow). A.S. Pushkin compared the glory of the poet with a bright patch in the old chief of the singer.

Comparison helps to establish not only similar signs, but also signs that distinguish one object from other similar objects with it. For example, when searching for stolen property, special signs are played with an important role: a monogram or engraving on the clock, etc.

A task descriptions it is that the most accurate and fully indicate the signs of the subject (person, events, the place where it happened, etc.).

The description in the fiction is widely used. In the "Captain Daughter" A.S. Pushkin is given the following description Pugachev: "It was years of forty, height of medium, thin and broadcaster. In a black beard, he was shown to be sent; Live big eyes running. His face had a rather pleasant expression, but Plutovskoye. The hair was evicted in a circle; It was a torn Armyak and Tatar harenar. "

The description plays an important role in investigative practice, for example, when inspecting the place of the crime committed. The investigator, making up the protocol, should strive for the most complete description, fixing not only what is associated with the event, but also what can be with it is not connected.

For example, when inspection of the place where the corpse of a killed woman was found, the investigator, making up the protocol, described in detail the wasteland in it, on which the corpse was found, indicating, in particular, to the fact that the soil on the shine is clay and after the recent rains are viscous. It was this detail and played an important role in the initiation of the killer. Clay was found on the suspect boots. The forensic examination set the homogeneity of this clay with clay taken from the crime scene.

Characteristic it consists in specifying the distinctive characteristic features of a single subject (person, events, etc.).

Describing, for example, Pugacheva, should indicate that he is the Don Cossack, a member of the seven-year and Russian-Turkish wars, Khoruzhiy, the leader of the Peasant War, 1773-1775, showed outstanding organizational abilities.

The characteristic is often resorted to judicial speeches, in investigative: Noah practice, in solving personnel issues, etc. For example, A.F. Koni characterizes the identity of the accused as follows: "We look at the personal nature of the defendant ... This is a character solid, decisive, brave ... a" naughty "man, troubled, does not like to break anyone ... This person does not tend to Allowing the mother to cry, when it is under arrest ... This is a person who is accustomed to rule and command those who conquer him, alien to comrades, proud, nonbeid, accurate and neat. So, this is the character concentrated, strong and solid ... " .

The characteristic may indicate only one important sign in any respect. For example, K. Marx called Aristotle "the greatest thinker of antiquity"; THEM. Sechenov, according to I.P. Pavlova, "Father of Russian Physiology."