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Is brown discharge dangerous during pregnancy? Brown discharge during pregnancy - should you call an ambulance

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If brown discharge appears at an early stage during pregnancy, this is an eloquent sign of pathology; and the presence of such a symptom in the third trimester may indicate the approach of labor. In both cases, it is required to consult a specialist in a timely manner, undergo an examination, control the "interesting position", and go to save. Brown discharge during pregnancy cannot be ignored, otherwise the consequences for the child may be irreversible.

Can there be discharge during pregnancy

Since the hormonal background changes after fertilization of the egg, changes appear in the well-being of a pregnant woman. For example, specific discharge may appear and disappear, change its color, smell and consistency. If it is pale mucus with no other symptoms, you do not need to see a doctor. If pink discharge is complemented by pain in the lower abdomen and a jump in temperature, this is a sign of an ectopic or frozen pregnancy with the need to perform an abortion. It is important not to observe the brown discharge during pregnancy, but to eliminate it in time.

What is brown discharge during pregnancy

After successful conception, the hormonal background changes radically, the concentration of estrogen increases significantly. A pregnant woman has specific vaginal discharge, which, with a brown tint, can cause an early miscarriage, pathological childbirth in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. It is urgent to stop intercourse, consult a doctor, be sure to take a blood test to determine the concentration of the hormones hCG and progesterone, the nature of the pathology. An additional method of clinical examination of a pregnant woman is vaginal ultrasound.

Causes of brown discharge during pregnancy

If it begins to smear on the underwear, and a pregnant woman experiences internal discomfort, such unpleasant changes in health should not be ignored. A dark shade of discharge indicates blood impurities in a homogeneous consistency, which, when carrying a fetus, prompts disturbing thoughts about pathology. Before you suspect a dangerous disease when carrying a fetus, you need to study the color, consistency, smell of secretions, and determine the obstetric week.

In the early stages

In the first month of pregnancy, the usual menstruation can go, and the woman does not know about her "interesting position." However, the color and consistency of the usual discharge change significantly, while the duration, the abundance of the usual bleeding is reduced. The following explanation is within the normal range: brown mucus during pregnancy is a consequence of epithelial detachment due to embryo attachment.

If we talk about the pathological factors of the appearance of brown discharge, there is a high probability of a progressive pregnancy with the risk of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). If bearing a fetus is accompanied by such symptoms, a woman must be treated in a hospital setting from the first obstetric weeks. In any case, it is important to consult a specialist in a timely manner. Additional symptoms of a threatened miscarriage are as follows:

  • copious brown discharge;
  • acute abdominal pain;
  • high abdominal pressure, discomfort;
  • feeling of nausea, bouts of vomiting;
  • high temperature, fever.

During pregnancy in the second trimester

If the dark discharge during early pregnancy does not stop, the health problem will only worsen. In the second trimester, such an unpleasant symptom is also dangerous, since it may indicate the following diseases of the female body:

  • sexually transmitted infections;
  • ectopic pregnancy;
  • cystic drift (fertilization of germ cells without chromosomes);
  • cervical erosion;
  • uterine fibroids of different sizes.

With such an unpleasant symptom, a woman experiences serious fears for her health and the health of her unborn baby, and there are good reasons for this. To keep the child, it is required to undergo treatment in a hospital. Surgical intervention during pregnancy, for example, with fibroids, is out of the question, this kind of neoplasm should only be observed. Symptoms that, in addition to bleeding from the vagina, require attention, are presented below:

  • increased pressure in the lower abdomen;
  • pain in the uterus;
  • decline in performance, drowsiness.

In the third trimester

If a woman is at the so-called "finishing stage", there is also a risk of intrauterine pathologies, pathological childbirth. With the appearance of brown discharge, the most common reason for a period of 34 obstetric weeks or more is discharge of a mucous plug, leakage of amniotic fluid, detachment and placenta previa. In this case, the pregnant woman is put on preservation until the very birth, carefully monitoring her condition from day to day.

Causes of brown discharge that do not depend on the term

There are those pathogenic factors that can progress at any obstetric week, disturb the expectant mother for an indefinite period of time. For example, brown discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy causes suspicion of ectopic fertilization, and mechanical cleaning and removal of one of the fallopian tubes becomes a fatal outcome in such a clinical picture. Dark vaginal discharge can occur at different times, the reasons are determined by the attending physician and vaginal ultrasound.

Cervical erosion

A photo of foci of pathology scares all patients, therefore, it is recommended to treat a chronic disease even during the planning period of pregnancy. Otherwise, when carrying a fetus, cervical erosion will remind of itself with unpleasant consequences, as an option - dark or brown discharge appears during early pregnancy and not only, the risk of uterine bleeding increases. If open ulcers on the walls of the cervical mucosa are not promptly treated, the woman's reproductive system suffers. Pathologies occur that can disrupt the course of pregnancy.

The injured epithelium during gestation is especially sensitive, therefore, brown discharge from erosion of the cervix can occur during rough or careless sexual intercourse, due to improper intimate hygiene measures. Pathological uterine bleeding in this case is distinguished by its scarcity, smearing character, and is a temporary phenomenon.

Infections and inflammation

If moderate hemorrhages appear during gestation, the likelihood of infectious and inflammatory processes is high. Additional symptoms of pathologies are profuse bleeding, a specific smell, pain, discomfort in the lower abdomen. Infections can be chronic and prevail in a "dormant" form, exacerbate during pregnancy after a weakened immune response.

The danger of infectious and inflammatory processes lies in the fact that the pathology can spread to the fetus, and the conservative treatment of the expectant mother is limited. In the latter case, it is worth recalling that during pregnancy, most medications are prohibited for use, especially when it comes to antibiotics, antimicrobial agents.

Video

When a woman is expecting a baby, her body can behave in an absolutely unpredictable manner. Often, the nature of the secretion secreted by the vagina changes in the expectant mother, and brown mucus appears in the early stages, which is not always the norm.

What are the discharge during early pregnancy

A brown discharge during pregnancy may be the norm, because after fertilization (7-12 days), the egg is implanted, accompanied by a daub of a creamy, odorless consistency. Light brown discharge during early pregnancy is the norm, but if it lasts no more than two days. If the vaginal secretion is secreted longer, then a doctor's consultation is needed.

When an abundant fluid with a clear smell of blood is released from the vagina, an urgent need to contact a gynecologist. Mucous dark brown discharge during early pregnancy is a very alarming signal, since it can indicate pathological processes developing in the uterus. Timely diagnosis, treatment and a pastel regimen will help avoid miscarriage (spontaneous abortion).

What discharge is considered the norm

Sometimes brown discharge appears in early pregnancy on the days of menstruation (estimated). This is considered normal if it occurs in the first weeks after fertilization. Yellow-brown discharge during pregnancy can also occur when the girl is unaware of conception, perceiving them as a normal pre-term process before menstruation. Dark beige or pale brown fluid in the last trimester is considered the norm, because this is a clear sign of placental exfoliation before childbirth.

Many women note that after conception, the amount of fluid excreted from the uterus has increased. Under normal conditions, vaginal secretion should be as follows:

  • transparent or slightly yellow odorless;
  • moderate white or yellowish;
  • scanty mucous membrane with a pink tint.

Why are there brown discharge

If light brown discharge appears in the early stages of pregnancy, then this signals a hormonal change. The cervical canal, which is expelled by epithelial cells, connects the vagina and the uterine cavity. Normally, it is filled with a mucous membrane that has secretory activity. In the first phase of the monthly cycle, under the influence of estrogen, it creates a transparent substance for better sperm penetration.

After fertilization, during the period of attachment of the egg, the uterine transparent substance may slightly stain in light colors. If the secreted mucus acquires a darker shade, especially when the process is accompanied by pain in the abdominal cavity, then this is an alarming notification for a woman requiring immediate consultation with a gynecologist.

When do you need to see a doctor?

When a woman has brownish brown discharge in early pregnancy, accompanied by the appearance of back pain, severe dizziness and vomiting, this means a threat of miscarriage. This deviation develops due to an increase in male or a lack of female hormones. Serious genetic disorders can provoke pathology, after which fetal death occurs in any month. Dark uterine mucus and spontaneous abortion can be caused by:

  1. Infection. All infectious diseases increase the risk of losing a child.
  2. Hormonal drugs. Inadequate treatment sometimes leads to abnormal development of the fetus.
  3. Bad habits. Smoking, regular stress, drinking alcohol or overwork is a threat to your baby's health.

Brownish mucus is often a sign of ectopic fertilization. When the ovum enters not into the uterus, but into another organ due to adhesions, tortuous fallopian tubes or other indications, then rejection of the fetus is inevitable. Once attached, the embryo grows and stretches the fallopian tube or ovary, which is not adapted for such changes, so the organs can rupture.

A woman may not even guess about the pathology, because, as with normal fertilization, her hCG level rises and the menstrual cycle is delayed. With ectopic fertilization, dark brown mucus is observed in 80% of cases due to endometrial rejection, therefore, an appeal to a specialist should occur urgently.

Video: brown discharge during pregnancy - what to do

With the onset of pregnancy, cervical mucus from the vagina can change its consistency, shade, increase or decrease in volume. But an alarming sign will be the appearance of red and brown discharge during early pregnancy.

Previously, it was widely believed that at this stage there is a natural selection of healthy embryos, and doctors do not need to interfere with this process in an attempt to save the child.

However, the development of histology and the emergence of ultrasound technologies refuted such statements and proved that the genetic inferiority of the embryo is not the main reason for the threat of miscarriage that occurs in the early stages.

What kind of discharge is normal?

Immediately after conception and implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus, the woman's endocrine system begins to increase the production of progesterone. If you take a blood test, you will notice that the norms of this hormone during pregnancy are much higher than the norm in the second phase of the cycle, when fertilization did not occur.

High progesterone levels can affect the color and consistency of vaginal discharge. In many pregnant women, they become yellowish and more viscous. Upon contact with air, after a few hours, they change their color to yellow-orange or bright yellow.

In some women, progesterone has no effect on vaginal secretion. Therefore, their discharge in the early stages is whitish or translucent, which is also the norm.

Discharge mixed with blood is regarded as dangerous at any stage of pregnancy. There may be several color variations:

  • Yellow-brown;
  • Transparent with reddish veins;
  • Rose red;
  • Brown;
  • Red;
  • Dark red.

All this indicates that blood clots have formed in the body cavity of the uterus, cervix or fallopian tubes. The reasons for their appearance in the early stages may be as follows:

Detachment of the ovum Is the most common cause of dark brown discharge that may occur during early pregnancy.

Detachment can occur due to a lack of progesterone, an overabundance of testosterone or prolactin, due to the high tone of the uterus, as well as in cases where the embryo has died and the mother's body rejects the non-viable ovum.

Detachment can be either partial or complete. In the first case, pregnancy can be saved with timely medical intervention and taking shock doses of hormonal drugs. If it is more than 70%, then it is no longer possible to save the fetus, so a miscarriage occurs.

Ectopic pregnancy- promotes the appearance of spotting in the early stages, when ultrasound did not reveal the presence of a fetal egg in the uterine cavity.

Polyps of the uterus or cervix- neoplasms that may not manifest themselves in anything in normal menstrual cycles. But from the moment of conception, serious hormonal changes occur in a woman's body, under the influence of which the structure begins to change.This often triggers a light brown discharge in early pregnancy.

Embryo implantation- causes the appearance of a small amount of spotting, literally a few drops. Does not require treatment.

But it must be borne in mind that these discharge occur in the period from 3 to 12 days after ovulation and last no more than a day.

There is a widespread myth among women about the so-called "washing the fetus in blood", which, in their opinion, can cause brown and yellow-brown discharge in early pregnancy.

However, such a concept does not exist in obstetric practice and no process of "ablution" occurs. Any, even minor, bloody discharge, except for those appearing during implantation, signals that the woman and the fetus need medical help.

Required examinations

Dangerous discharge that appears during pregnancy is a reason to find out the cause of their occurrence as soon as possible. This can save not only the life of the fetus, but also the life of the mother (in cases where the ovum is attached not to the uterus, but to the fallopian tube).

It is obligatory to visit a gynecologist, but it is pointless to go to see him without ultrasound results - even with palpation, the doctor will not be able to assess how serious the threat to the child's life is. Therefore, the survey algorithm should be approximately as follows:

  1. Ultrasound examination - the doctor will assess the degree of detachment of the ovum (if present), the tone of the uterus, the condition of the cervix and uterine cavity (for the detection of polyps).
  2. Analysis for the level of progesterone - it is necessary to exclude (or confirm) the lack of this hormone, which is responsible for maintaining pregnancy.
  3. Testing for testosterone levels - it is necessary to exclude (or confirm) an excess of this hormone, which, starting from 7-8 weeks, can provoke a miscarriage.
  4. Analysis for the hCG level in dynamics - must be passed at least twice, with an interval of two days. However, you can go to the gynecologist when you get the first result. The doctor will not be able to assess the dynamics, but at least he will correlate the indicators of the concentration of the hormone in the blood with the gestational age by ultrasound.
  5. Visit to a gynecologist - the doctor will assess the condition of the fetus based on the results of an ultrasound scan, the state of hormones according to the results of blood tests and decide on the appointment of the necessary preserving therapy, which may include drugs that lower the tone of the uterus, regulate hormones, etc.

A reason for an immediate visit to a doctor, bypassing preliminary examinations, may be bright red discharge that appeared in the first weeks of pregnancy, as well as the appearance of a large amount of brown discharge. In this case, the woman will be admitted to a hospital for treatment, where all the necessary examinations will be carried out.

information In more rare cases, a woman may experience inflammation of the internal genital organs. Surgical treatment - cleaning of the uterine cavity.

In the second trimester

Premature birth

dangerous From 20 weeks of gestation, premature onset is possible.

Most often it occurs due to infections in the mother and fetus, frequent, concomitant pathology in a woman, etc. Brown discharge can occur when the cervix opens and precedes the appearance of red spotting and.

Also, this condition is accompanied by severe cramping pains in the abdomen, pulling pains in the sacrum. Requires immediate medical care, hospitalization in an obstetric hospital and delivery. In an extremely rare case, with the immediate reaction of a pregnant woman, it is possible to stop and prolong the gestation of the fetus as much as possible until it is more ready for independent life.

On any of the development or exacerbation of an existing pathology in a woman, which is also often accompanied by brown discharge, is possible.

Cervical erosion

information It is a fairly common pathology in modern women and in almost all of its cases occurs even at a young (even adolescent) age.

It is a violation of the structure of epithelial cells, ulceration on the mucous membrane. Brown, scanty, slightly smearing discharge during pregnancy occurs after contact of the damaged area with a foreign object (gynecological examination, sexual intercourse). Most often, they are not accompanied by any additional symptoms, disappear after 1 day and do not require medical intervention during the period of childbearing.

Inflammatory and infectious processes of the genital tract

Any sexually transmitted infection (both sexually transmitted and common bacterial) can cause brown spotting at any time of gestation. A woman could have contracted an infection many years before conception and be a carrier of the infection, and against the background of hormonal changes and a slightly reduced immunity, these bacteria became active, their number increased and a clinic of the disease arose.

A man who became a source of infection in a woman could get the disease not only sexually, but also with the disease:

  • cystitis (inflammation of the bladder);
  • prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate);
  • urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), etc.

In addition to brown discharge, a woman may be bothered by:

  • unpleasant smell of these secretions;
  • viscous consistency;
  • discomfort in the lower abdomen and pelvis.

information As a treatment, antibiotics are most often used in the form of suppositories, vaginal tablets or oral tablets, with minimal effect on the fetus.

Vaginal and cervical injuries

This condition can occur with domestic or violent injury. In the case when the injury is small, the violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane is insignificant, the discharge can be brown or brown-red, accompanied by discomfort in the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe wound, itching. Examination by a gynecologist in mirrors also causes discomfort and increased bleeding. Treatment depends on the extent of the damage, from disinfecting solutions to surgery.

Polyps in the vagina and cervix

Benign small ones can be in the expectant mother both before pregnancy and to prove themselves at any of the terms of bearing the child. At the slightest touch to the polyp (intercourse, examination by a gynecologist, etc.), it begins to bleed. This is manifested by smearing brown discharge and is not accompanied by additional symptoms.

Treatment during pregnancy is mainly not carried out, however, after delivery, these neoplasms should delete, because over time, the process of degeneration of cells into malignant cells may begin.

Hooray! Finally, the coveted two stripes on the BB test. And suddenly, after a few days, brown discharge appears during pregnancy. Naturally, this becomes a reason for worry. In order to calm down or take any urgent measures, you need to consult a gynecologist. It is better to play it safe once again than to waste time and not do everything necessary to maintain the pregnancy, if necessary.

As practice shows, brown discharge during pregnancy in many cases should not be a cause for excitement. If their occurrence is painless and not accompanied by other uncomfortable sensations, then this phenomenon is most likely not caused by a pathological condition. But when brown discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy is combined with a deterioration in well-being, then this is a symptom of processes that threaten the life of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Almost everyone has brown discharge at the beginning of pregnancy. Their appearance can be explained by various physiological processes that accompany the period of bearing a child.

The fertilized egg attaches to the placenta about 5-6 days after ovulation. Implantation is carried out in 3 stages. At the first - the ovum attaches to the superficial epithelium of the uterus, as soon as it enters its cavity. At the second stage, the microvilli of the fertilized egg begin to actively interact with the epithelial cells of the inner lining of the uterus. On the third, the egg secretes special substances that dissolve the endometrium and connects with the maternal circulatory system. Since minor damage to the small blood capillaries occurs, a small amount of blood is excreted. The amount of implantation bleeding differs from woman to woman.

Sometimes it is almost imperceptible, and in other cases it can be mistaken for premature menstruation. For most women, this dark discharge during pregnancy is usually scarce and short-lived (up to two days). This is a normal physiological manifestation of conception. Only very sensitive women can notice mild pain in the lower abdomen.

Light brown discharge in early pregnancy can be caused by hormonal instability that inevitably occurs in a woman's body. Their painless appearance is usually not dangerous. But it is still better to inform the observing gynecologist about them.

Pathological discharge from the genitals is almost always accompanied by a sensation of pain of varying intensity. If a brownish tint is a symptom of inflammation, then, as a rule, the discharge has an unpleasant, rotten smell. With endometritis, discharge of a dirty yellow color with an admixture of blood is observed. In this case, the temperature can rise above 39 ° C. This is a dangerous disease that threatens with infection of the amniotic fluid and fetal death at any stage of pregnancy. Only on time started treatment, prescribed by a gynecologist, will prevent the development of all kinds of complications. Any delay, like self-therapy, in this case is unacceptable.

Brown discharge in the first 3 months of pregnancy in many women occurs on the days when menstruation should have begun. This happens when the level of the hormone progesterone decreases. During this period, the likelihood of spontaneous abortion increases manifold. The appearance of a bloody daub indicates the onset of detachment of the ovum. In this case, you need to call an ambulance and lie down so that your legs are above the level of your head. The faster the discharge stops and the pain subsides, the more likely the fetus is to be safely preserved. Since brown discharge during early pregnancy is often a harbinger of miscarriage, increased attention should be paid to their appearance. The risks of spontaneous abortion are increased in cases of:

  • an infectious disease of a pregnant woman (rubella, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus, etc.);
  • chronic TORCH infections;
  • inflammation of the kidneys and bladder;
  • previous abortions;
  • a sharp increase in weight;
  • wrong hormonal levels;
  • stress or sudden fright;
  • Rh-conflict between mother and fetus;
  • genetic disorders of the fetus.

The process begins with the onset of contractions of the uterus, which are expressed by cramping pain. These contractions lead to detachment of the fixed ovum. There are several stages of spontaneous abortion:

  1. The symptoms of the growing threat of miscarriage are the increased tone of the uterus. In this case, there may be mild aching pains in the uterus, radiating to the lower back, and minor spotting. These symptoms are not always present.
  2. The onset of spontaneous abortion is expressed by the appearance of severe cramping pains and bloody discharge of various volumes.
  3. A spontaneous abortion in progress is characterized by severe cramping pain. The bleeding is always profuse.

Treatment for pregnant women who have had spontaneous abortions in the past begins in the first trimester. In this case, the reasons that provoked the spontaneous termination of pregnancy must be taken into account. For women with a threat of miscarriage, first of all, it is recommended to observe strict bed rest. The emotional state is stabilized with the help of valerian or motherwort. If necessary, hormone therapy is prescribed. In the presence of concomitant diseases, appropriate treatment is carried out

Sometimes the fetus stops developing as a result of death due to various reasons. In this case, we are talking about a frozen pregnancy. It can only be diagnosed after 6 weeks, when the fetus has a heartbeat. In the event that the rhythm of the heart is not audible, and the size of the uterus corresponds to the period, a frozen pregnancy is assumed. In such a situation, gynecologists prescribe curettage of the uterus, since a long retention of a dead fetus in the mother's body will cause an inflammatory process in the organ, and in severe cases it threatens with general sepsis.

One of the most severe complications, an ectopic pregnancy, is also characterized by the appearance of dark brown discharge in early pregnancy. Adhesions of the fallopian tube, lack of hormones, weakening the movements of the organ moving the oocyte, prevent the ovum from entering the uterine cavity. Since a fertilized egg must attach to the mucous membrane at a certain stage of its development, its fixation occurs where it has managed to get. Most often it is the fallopian tube, sometimes the ovary, and in very rare cases, the ovum begins to develop in the abdominal cavity.

A woman can save her life only if an ectopic pregnancy is detected in a timely manner. The ultrasound method allows you to diagnose the pathological attachment of the embryo at the sixth week. When diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy, an operation is prescribed to remove the ovum. If it is attached to the fallopian tube, it is removed using 3 methods: without dissecting it, with part or with complete excision of the organ.

The laparoscopic method of the operation assumes the least damage to the body and minimization of subsequent cosmetic defects. Because ectopic pregnancies are often associated with significant blood loss, treatment includes replenishing body fluids. Physical and antibiotic therapy may be needed to fully restore fertility.

There are many reasons for the appearance of brownish discharge before the 13th week of pregnancy. Some of them may not cause concern to the gynecologist. The other involves conservative or surgical treatment. From 13 to 28 weeks, brown discharge in pregnant women is always threatening. During the entire period, they can be a sign of the pathological location of the placenta. If the ovum is fixed in the lower part of the uterus, then in this case we are talking about placenta previa.

Most often, this condition is diagnosed at the beginning of the second trimester by ultrasound. Full presentation excludes the likelihood of natural childbirth and threatens massive bleeding by the end of pregnancy. In this case, a cesarean section is prescribed. In some cases of partial presentation, natural childbirth is possible. Bleeding with this pathology can be regular and scanty. But sudden heavy bleeding can also occur, caused by presentation and fatal to the pregnant woman. It can start during childbirth. In this case, prompt obstetric aid is necessary. In all situations, frequent bleeding harms the fetus, causing hypoxia.

Brown discharge during pregnancy at any time can appear in the presence of fibroids. A growth of considerable size can put pressure on the embryo. And the close location of the fibroid to the placenta threatens its partial or complete detachment. Therefore, the presence of fibroids in a pregnant woman is a reason for closer attention to her condition.

Placental abruption, which is manifested by the appearance of brownish discharge, can be caused by a wide variety of reasons. Gynecologists put hypertension on the 1st place. Among other reasons provoking this condition, numerous pregnancies, cesarean sections, and multiple pregnancies are called. Among external causes, smoking and abdominal injuries are of primary importance. The first degree of placental abruption may not manifest itself. It will be possible to determine this condition only with an ultrasound scan.

Dark spotting is characteristic of the second degree of placental abruption. In the third degree, the condition of a pregnant woman deteriorates sharply. Severe abdominal pains appear, pressure drops, bleeding is usually insignificant. In all cases, the pregnant woman is placed in a hospital and stabilized with hemostatic drugs.

End of pregnancy

The appearance of brown discharge from the genitals of a pregnant woman after the 28th week of the term in most cases signals the readiness of her body for childbirth. A couple of weeks in front of them, the reproductive system begins to signal directly about this event. One of the signs of preparation is shortening, softening and the beginning of the opening of the cervix. The mucous membrane is easily injured during sex or a pelvic exam. There is no pain whatsoever. And the brown daub stops after a couple of hours.

Light brown discharge during late pregnancy may appear when the mucous plug, which protected the uterine cavity from the penetration of various infections, may appear.

In all cases of brown discharge during pregnancy, these processes should be discussed with a gynecologist. Only he can correctly assess the degree of danger and possible risks. And to self-medicate and unauthorized use of various medications is a crime against your own child.

All events accompanying pregnancy should be supervised by a specialist gynecologist. To avoid most of the problems, an early full examination of the future parents for the presence or absence of chronic diseases will help. It is necessary to give up bad habits in advance, balance the diet and physically prepare for a very difficult period called pregnancy.