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How did sportswear come about? The history of sports style. From rebellion to fashion pedestal. The emergence of sports style

Sports suit

"... A. Sports suits, i.e., two-piece knitted garments, unlined, but sometimes with a brushed inner surface (bouffant), by their general appearance and nature of the material intended to be worn exclusively or mainly during sports activities.

Tracksuits consist of two items, namely:

The first piece of clothing is designed for the upper body and comes to the waist or slightly below. These long-sleeved garments have elastic or rib knit cuffs, zippers or other drawstrings at the cuffs. Similar tightening details, including ribbons, are usually located at the bottom of these garments. If there is a slit in front, starting from the neck and running along the entire length of the product or only part of it, then a zipper is usually sewn in; products may be equipped with a hood, collar and pockets or these details may be missing;

The second piece of clothing - may be tight-fitting or loose, with or without pockets, with an elastic waistband, with a tightening ribbon or other device for tightening clothes at the waist, without a cut at the waist and therefore without buttons or other fasteners. However, such trousers may have ribbed or elasticated cuffs, zippers or other means to tighten the bottom of the legs, which are usually at ankle level. In addition, trousers may or may not have waistbands..."

A source:

"Explanations to the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Customs Union (TN VED CU)" (Volume 3. Sections IX - XIII. Groups 44 - 70)


Official terminology. Akademik.ru. 2012 .

See what "Sport Suit" is in other dictionaries:

    sports suit- noun, number of synonyms: 2 tights (10) tights (2) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

    sports suit- sporto kostiumas statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Speciali puošni apranga, susidedanti iš kelnių ir švarko arba sijono ir švarko, kartais dar liemenės. Dėvima oficialių asmenų ir sportininkų per prestižines varžybas (Europos,… … Sporto terminų žodynas

    sports- adj., use comp. often Morphology: athletic, athletic, athletic, athletic; more athletic; nar. in sports, sports 1. Sports is what refers to the organization of sports. Sports event, competition, challenge… Dictionary of Dmitriev

    SPORTS- SPORTS, oh, oh; vein, vna. 1. see sports. 2. With qualities, the appearance of an athlete, such as that of athletes. Sports figure. S. young man. Sports suit. | noun sportiness, and, wives. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

    sports- oh, oh; vein, out, out. 1. to Sports. S. rank. With literature. With games. With oh skill. From th platform. C. suit. C. inventory. 2. Having qualities, the appearance of an athlete. S. young man. // Such as a person involved in sports. Youth... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    sports- oh, oh; vein, out, out. 1) to sport sport/outdoor range. With literature. With games. With oh skill. From th platform. Sports suit … Dictionary of many expressions

    costume- a; m. [French. costume] 1. Clothes, dress. Worker's. Home's. Bathing's. Sports' National. Exhibition of costumes. 2. Top dress, consisting of a jacket, trousers, sometimes a vest (for men) or a jacket and a skirt or trousers (for women). Trouser to… encyclopedic Dictionary

    costume- a; m. (French costume) see also. costume, costume 1) Clothes, dress. Working bone/m. Home suit. Bathing suit … Dictionary of many expressions

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(sport style) - free style of clothing, the main characteristics of which are convenience, practicality, functionality, freedom of movement. The style is characterized by free silhouettes and straight geometric cut lines.

Sports style and sportswear: differences

Sportswear is designed exclusively for sports, and a sports-style wardrobe can be used for everyday wear, except for business and special occasions. Sportswear includes uniforms for various sports and fitness, sports underwear with protectors and seals, dance shoes, etc. Sportswear has separate cut, silhouette and trim details typical of sportswear.

"Oh sport! You are the world!"

Pierre de Coubertin

Sports style characteristics

Cloth

  • Plain or printed and simple cut tops, T-shirts, hoodies, sweatshirts, sweatshirts, straight cut. The top in a sporty style is distinguished by a variety of neck types: collars, hoods, inlays, golf collars.

  • , wide shorts or cycling shorts, - cargo, tennis, knitted and cotton free cut, . For a sporty style, trousers are more characteristic than a skirt. They do not have arrows and are often supplemented with patch pockets. Skirts and dresses usually have a mini or midi length, as well as decor typical for the style - flap pockets, yokes, decorative stitching. On the sides of the skirts of this style, one-sided pleats are sometimes located.

  • Free-cut jackets, down jackets, windbreakers, anoraks. Jackets often have pockets with zippers or buttons, and a one-sided golf fold can be located on the back. Anoraks are made in different versions: a short coat with a hood and a double fastener; waterproof jackets without fasteners, worn over the head; light summer jackets with kangaroo pocket and hood, with or without zipper.


Croy: straight, trapezoid, semi-adjacent. Usually things have a loose silhouette, but some items can be tight (turtlenecks, bike shorts, leggings, etc.). Jackets and sports style are not fitted. The waist can be emphasized with a belt or drawstring, including on dresses. Usually, a sporty style kit combines tight and loose items (a turtleneck and wide trousers, a spacious T-shirt and leggings) so that the look does not look like a workout.

Fabrics: cotton, wool, plain or crinkled raincoat fabric, knitwear, knitwear with lycra, blended or synthetic materials.

Colors: sports style has no preferences in the color palette, but its feature is the admissibility of contrasting color combinations (including the use of neon colors).

Prints: graphic, printed, Color Blocking, stripes, applications, logos.

Sleeve types: shirt, one-piece. The sporty style is characterized by cuffs - with an elastic band or fasteners (velcro, zippers, buttons).

Decor: overhead parts (including pockets, often with flaps), belts, pleats, slots, straps, coquettes, stitching (double, decorative, contrasting, zigzag), piping, cuffs on sleeves and trousers, mesh inserts, stripes (including including neon), metal fittings, rivets, zippers and hooks.

Accessories

Shoes: lifestyle sneakers, sneakers, flat shoes, tennis shoes, . The main characteristics of shoes are a comfortable shoe, natural leather or textiles. Winter shoes are insulated sneakers and boots with thickened grooved soles.

Hats: knitted and knitted hats and scarves, caps, headbands, bandanas.


Figure type: traditionally sporty style emphasizes the fit, athletic figure. Therefore, such clothes are most suitable for slender people. Including sports style emphasizes the advantages and hides the shortcomings of girls with a "boyish" type of figure - narrow hips and an unexpressed waist.

Subtypes of sports style

  • Sport chic (sport glam)

The sport chic trend has existed since 2004. After the appearance, the style quickly spread among the stars: Madonna and Jennifer Lopez appeared in public in striped pants and knitted tops. The main feature of the style is the combination of sports. The wardrobe is mainly designed for parties and nightclubs. Sport-chic clothing is distinguished by straight, trapezoid, semi-adjacent and adjacent types of cut; one-piece, raglan or shirt sleeves; the presence of pockets, zippers, decorative stitching on things. Sports glam is characterized by fabrics such as knitwear, lacquer, synthetic and mixed materials, in particular natural ones with the addition of lycra. Style colors are predominantly bright. The main ones are black, gray, pink and metallic. Also, sport chic is characterized by combined items: overalls, coat dress, vest dress, shirt dress, blouson, etc.

The main differences between sport chic are the acceptability of shoes with heels, metallic materials, rhinestones, studs and sequins, as well as more tight clothes and bright makeup.

In the spring-summer 2013 season, Ashish presented images in a sporty-chic style: it was proposed to combine melange sweatpants with a metallic top with sequins. Sports glam looks also appeared at Antonio Berardi, Chalayan, Ohne Titel, Richard Chai Love and. In the autumn-winter 2013-2014 season, sport-chic was demonstrated in some sets, BEssARION,.

  • Sports-casual

Sports casual in its purest form appeared already in the 21st century, but style can be considered its prototype in many ways. The main feature of sport-casual is the combination of sports style elements with. Straight models are preferred, perhaps slightly worn. Many details of clothing are common with sports style: puffy, sweaters, turtlenecks, polo shirts, loose trousers, etc., as well as comfortable flat shoes.

Differences from sports style:

The main differences are: the use of jeans to create a set, as well as the admissibility of accessories in style - a variety of scarves, belts, hats, earrings, bracelets, etc. In sport-casual, natural materials are mainly used - cotton, wool, denim.

In the spring-summer 2013 season, sports-casual looks were offered by Reserved. One of the options was a set of a bright coral sports jacket, a long-sleeved top and a simple black floor-length skirt. Also, sport-casual kits appeared at DKNY and. The combination of sport-casual and ethno was offered by the Dutch brand Maison Scotch.

  • Safari

Sports wardrobe sources

The basis of a sports style wardrobe is clothing for professional and amateur sports, overalls, equipment for hunting and tourism, etc. Sports style borrowed most of the items from uniforms for various sports:

  • from aerobics - leggings, short shorts and tops,
  • from basketball - long tank tops, wide shorts and high sneakers,
  • from bodybuilding - XXL t-shirts,
  • from football - socks and T-shirts,
  • from tennis - tennis, t-shirts, shorts, pleated mini-skirts and short skirts,
  • from American baseball - baseball caps,
  • from golf - golf pants,
  • from equestrian sports - a jacket shortened in front, breeches and leggings,
  • from cycling - tight lycra shorts, ¾ length trousers,
  • from skiing - knitted hats and sweaters with patterns.

History of sports style

First half of the 19th century

Sports in the modern sense appeared in England in the first half of the 19th century. The mass craze for Sunday sports has generated an increase in demand for ready-to-wear. Polish costume historian Andrzej Banach believes that the main reason for the appearance of clothes like sportswear was walking in the mountains. For them, men bought ready-made suits, since it was impractical to use expensive, tailor-made clothes in nature. Ready-made suits of that time rarely fit the figure - the jacket often hung loosely on the shoulders. This nuance laid the foundation for sports-style clothing. Men at that time picked up original details for the costume: long scarves, sweaters, lace-up boots, etc.

Early 20th century - 1930s

The popularity of sports has greatly affected the design of women's clothing, simplifying it. At the beginning of the twentieth century, ladies began to play golf, croquet and tennis, ride skates, horses and open cars. For cycling, women began to wear knee-length skirts. Later, tennis dresses with a pleated skirt, suits for playing croquet, golf and skittles appeared. Ladies also adopted leather jackets and blouses from men. Gymnasium girls of progressive women's educational institutions began to play hockey in machine-knitted jumpers. With the development of motoring, special warm clothes for women began to appear: special hats and tightly fastened capes. The spread of sports style among women was largely facilitated by hunting, riding, and also fishing with spinning. From 1926 to 1931, she created outfits for an active lifestyle: jackets, sports coats, ladies' English suits for men.

With the advent of flying, the weight of clothing became an important parameter. In 1929, newspapers described the lightest suit of the Viscountess de Sibour, who made a round-the-world trip in her plane. Simultaneously with the advent of the ski suit, après-ski clothing appeared - things that were worn indoors after sports, while eating or relaxing near the fireplace. These included comfortable trousers and embroidered knitted sweaters, shawls and warm ones. By the 30s of the twentieth century, a direct prototype of a modern tracksuit was formed.

1960s

In the 60s, in the wake of the popularity of the preppy style, T-shirts, T-shirts and polos appeared. The neckline was now shaped in many ways: turn-down collars, racks, hoods, etc. appeared. The sports style was finally formed in the late 60s in the collections and.

1970s

In the 70s of the twentieth century, aerobics, fitness, and a healthy lifestyle became popular. Gradually, sports elements began to appear on everyday clothes: trousers, skirts, jackets, blouses. In addition, the clothes of that period were influenced by such movements as feminism and the "sexual revolution".

1980s

In this decade, much attention was paid to the beauty of the body. Men were engaged in bodybuilding, women - in shaping and aerobics. Clothing for the gym began to be worn in everyday life. The sporty style of the 80s meant bright colors (red, blue, blue, orange, fuchsia, yellow) and stretchy fabrics. Tight-fitting clothing has become popular: leggings, lycra shorts, leggings, bodysuits. Sweatpants and jackets, sweatshirts, sweatshirts, polo shirts, wrestling shirts, shorts, windbreaker jackets have also become popular. Since 1984, branded sneakers have been used as casual shoes. Women wore plastic jewelry, bright hair bands, wide belts and belts. The most common hairstyles were the perm and the spikelet. Make-up was not natural: eyeliner and lipstick in red, brown or hot pink were considered fashionable.

In the USSR, due to the popularity of sports, a tracksuit was considered almost a cult that only the privileged representatives of the sports caste could afford. Tracksuits, sneakers and baseball caps were considered a luxury. After perestroika, the sporty style became public. Many began to wear fake suits of famous sports brands. Over time, pants with stripes became a symbol of the "yard lads". The Adidas brand is still the most common in Russia. Presumably, this is due to the fact that the brand's goods were imported into the USSR since 1979 and were in short supply, as well as a large number of Chinese Adidas fakes.

1990s

The 90s were the heyday of "marketing fashion", and. They popularized American fashion around the world - a combination of comfort and elegance, emphasizing a toned athletic figure.

In 1992, American designer Tommy Hilfiger designed a costume for rapper Snoop Dogg, which he wore on Saturday Night Live. Tommy Hilfiger clothing has become popular with American actors and musical performers. Sweatshirts and warm jackets in XXL size have been a big success among US rappers. Hilfiger's hits were a loose classic oxford, a sporty rugby shirt in several color blocks, a reversible tie in fabric of different colors.

In the US, in 1996, a brand appeared that first produced maternity clothes, and then changed its focus to sportswear. The main hit of the brand was velor tracksuits, which quickly became for ordinary women and for celebrities. Since 2002, the men's and children's Juicy Couture lines have been produced.

In Russia in the 90s, with the advent of Hollywood films, the combination of sneakers and a skirt became popular. Also in this decade, the fashion for the sporty style of the 80s reached Russia: bright leggings, bicycle shorts, large jewelry. By the early 2000s, the mass popularity of sports style in Russia gradually faded away.

Spring-summer 2008

For the spring-summer 2008 season, Masha Tsigal presented the Balance collection in her traditional sport-chic style. The designer offered women's tracksuits made of velor and velvet sweatshirts, silk and satin harem pants. For evening outings, she created tracksuits in silver and gold colors and tank dresses. For men, Masha Tsigal offered a velvet dark blue tracksuit in combination with a blue T-shirt. The culmination of the show was the "bride's outfit" - a swimsuit, sweatpants, a veil and a bouquet.

Spring-summer 2012

Sports style was one of the spring-summer 2012 season. The combination of sports cut and romantic materials - silk, satin, chiffon - was especially popular. in his collection Alexander Wang presented original suits with an olympic shirt and very tight sports trousers. Julien David offered cozy suits from a sweatshirt with a hood and a sports skirt. due to the fabric and decor, she adapted her traditional sheath dress to a sporty style. DKNY and Kenzo combined sport and femininity in their collections.

Spring-summer 2013

In the spring-summer 2013 season, sporty style, especially sporty chic, has again become one of the trends. White became the main color of the sets - it was presented by brands, Guy Laroche, Richard Nicoll, and others. Fashion houses presented white both in its pure form and in combination with black and gray, as well as with bright acid shades.

Donna Karan in the DKNY collection suggested wearing sports t-shirts with emblems and inscriptions, short tight-fitting tops and sports shorts in combination with stilettos. Victoria Beckham presented sporty cut dresses in her traditional minimalist design. Issey Miyake offered geometric jerseys and breeches similar to track and field uniforms. Rag & Bone showcased striped sweatpants, complete with a classic white oversized shirt, cropped jumper and quirky.

The most unusual incarnation of the sporty trend was the knit jumpsuit with shorts, shaped like a diving suit, in the Prada collection. suggested to combine it with a classic bag and Japanese-style shoes reminiscent of.

Moschino Cheap & Chic paired bright fitted dresses, skirts and blouses with colorful athletic sneakers.

Ohne Titel offered prints traditional for sports style - stripes, geometric shapes, color blocks.

One of the trends of the spring-summer 2013 season was sports-style visors. Various variations were presented at Sarah Burton for Alexander McQueen, Hussein Chalayan, Goga Sabekia, Gaetano Navarra.

Autumn-winter 2013-2014

Included in the autumn-winter collection 2013-2014 dark gray tracksuits made of dense material in combination with a matching cap. DKNY presented elongated jackets with a sporty cut, as well as a hybrid of sports and classics - trousers with arrows on contrasting knitted elastic cuffs. Juicy Couture has added a traditional black and pink tracksuit to the collection. At Moncler Gamme Rouge, the sporty style of autumn-winter 2013-2014 appeared in "eskimo" furs. complemented the black sets with bright sneakers with snow-white lacing. Brand 3.1 Phillip Lim offered an oversized sports jumper with an appliqué.

Sports style and other areas

In the collections of designers, sporty style in its purest form is rarely found. Basically, fashion designers present stylization, or combine this style with elements of other directions in various proportions. The most common combinations are the symbiosis of sports and safari, classics, romance, glamour. Features of the sporty style in clothes of other areas are large patch pockets, straps, cuffs with a wide elastic band, decorative stitching, zippered pockets, a combination of bright contrasting colors in one set.

clothes). Proto-Slavic *dressedja < * obedia formed with a prefix ob- and suffix -j-a from the root *ded-, which is an incomplete repetition of the root dě- (de-d-) of the verb *děti > Rus. child .

Basic concepts

Clothing history

Homo sapiens began to dress between 83,000 and 170,000 years ago.

The history of clothing from ancient times to the present day is like a mirror that reflects the entire history of mankind. Each country, each nation, in certain periods of its development, leaves its imprint, its specific features on people's clothes. The history of fashion is almost as old as the history of costume. From the moment when a person discovered the significance of clothing as a means of protection from the adverse effects of nature, there was not much time left until he began to think about its aesthetic and stylizing function.

Primitive society

Since ancient times, man has sought to cover his naked body, which could be explained by chastity and a sense of shame. However, such an interpretation seems to be too narrow and limited, since there are known tribes that do and do without clothes (for example, the natives of Australia, etc.). Most likely, the clothes were not only and not so much a cover, but a symbol of protection from an outside threat, both real and (maybe even more so) imaginary. Even an amulet was at one time “clothing”, since it was a barrier between a naked, vulnerable human body and the outside world.

Archaeological data show that clothing appeared already at the earliest stages of the development of human society. Animal skins were the main material for primitive clothing everywhere. The tools necessary for their processing (scrapers, knives, piercers, etc.) are found at the sites of primitive people dating back to the Mousterian era (100-40 thousand years ago). The very first types of clothing were, apparently, loincloths and cloaks. Then, having tied two long skins to the belt, which protected the legs from thorns, the man received stockings; then armlets appeared to protect the hands from injury. And finally, all these separate parts of clothing began to be combined into one whole, fastening them with a thread of veins or plant fibers.

Based on archaeological evidence, tailored clothing appeared as early as the Upper Paleolithic era. So, in 1964, the expedition of O.N. Bader at the Sungir site (near Vladimir) discovered the burial of an elderly man who died 23 thousand years ago. Archaeologists managed to recreate his clothes, which consisted of a short cloak, a leather or suede shirt with long sleeves, without a front slit, worn over the head (such shirts - malits, or anoraks - are still worn by the peoples of the Arctic), and long leather trousers sewn together with leather shoes like moccasins. All clothes were richly trimmed with mammoth tusk beads, the total number of which exceeded 3000. Unique sculptural images of women dressed in fur "overalls" with hoods were found at the Siberian Paleolithic sites Buret and Malta.

In the Neolithic era, man learned to spin, weave and knit. During this period, he already had a whole set of various items of clothing, made both from animal skins and from various fabrics. Depending on the materials used and climatic conditions, clothes were attached to the body in different ways: they were worn over the head or draped around the body. Around the same time, swing clothes appeared (with a slit in front).

The mummified corpse of Ötzi, a Bronze Age hunter, found in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps (on the border between Austria and Italy) helped scientists get an idea of ​​​​the wardrobe of a person of that time. His outerwear was a cloak woven from grass fibers (local shepherds wore such cloaks as early as the 20th century AD). Under the cloak was clothing made from goatskins—a knee-length sleeveless jacket sewn with sinew, long leggings, and a loincloth. The sleeveless jacket was darned in several places with threads made from tough grass fibers. Ötzi's clothes were complemented by a fur hat tied with straps under the chin, and high boots made of fur and suede, insulated inside with a layer of hay (a kind of prehistoric snowshoes). The significance of this find can hardly be overestimated - for the first time in the history of archeology, such a complete set of clothes of an ordinary person of the Neolithic era fell into the hands of researchers, moreover, everyday clothes, reflecting the needs, tastes and habits of people at the end of the Stone Age.

The Ancient East

"Ancient East" is a collective geographical, socio-economic and cultural-historical concept that unites the most ancient states in the history of mankind - Ancient Egypt, Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, Ancient Judea, Ancient China, Ancient India, etc. The difference in natural, climatic and sociocultural conditions determined a significant difference in the aesthetic ideals, tastes and preferences of the peoples who inhabited the region, so it is rather difficult to talk about clothing in the Ancient East as a whole.

Assyrian clothing illustrated in 1882

Women's clothing differed relatively little from men's. The women's tunic was, as a rule, longer than the men's, in its upper part it was sewn tight, sometimes it had slits on the side. A skirt was also known, sewn from several horizontal panels, each of which was 0.5 meters wide, and the top panel was folded into a bundle and replaced the belt. In Babylon and Assyria, women wore long, straight dresses with long, narrow sleeves.

Antiquity

Types of clothing

By leaning on parts of the human body

  • Shoulder clothing - clothing resting on the upper supporting surface of the body, bounded from above by the articulation lines of the torso with the neck and upper limbs, and from below by a line passing through the protruding points of the shoulder blades and chest: coat, short coat, raincoat, cape (cape), jacket, blouse , jacket, jacket, jacket, jumper, vest, sweater, overalls, semi-overalls, rompers, dress, bathrobe, blouse, blouse, top shirt, bottom shirt, nightgown, apron, combination, vest, shirt, sweatshirt, T-shirt, swimsuit.
  • Belt clothing - clothing resting on the lower supporting surface of the body, bounded from above by the waist line, and from below by the hip line: trousers, shorts, leggings, skirt, petticoat, underpants, swimming trunks, pants, pantaloons.

According to functional features

  • Underwear - a product for creating the necessary hygienic conditions for the body: a T-shirt, shorts, pantaloons, etc.
  • Corset - a garment or knitwear worn directly on the body to form and maintain individual parts of the body, as well as to hold stockings: bra, grace, semi-grace, corset, semi-corset, garter belt.
  • Outerwear - clothes worn over corsets, underwear and (or) products of the costume and dress group: jacket, coat, raincoat, etc.
  • Headwear - a sewing or knitted product that covers the head: a hat with earflaps, a cap, a cap, a hat, a cap, a beret, a helmet, a jockey, a cap, a bonnet, a bonnet, a peaked cap, a peakless cap, a skullcap.
  • Hosiery - a knitted product worn directly on the body and covering the lower part of the torso and (or) legs, each separately, including the feet: footprints, socks, half-stockings, stockings, leggings, tights
  • Glove product - a garment or knitwear worn directly on the body and covering the lower part of the hand and forearm: mittens, mittens, gloves, mittens
  • Shawl-scarf product - a garment or knitted product covering the head and (or) neck: scarf, scarf, scarf
  • Shoes - a product for protecting feet from external influences and carrying utilitarian and aesthetic functions

According to age and gender

  • Men's
  • Women's
  • Children's
    • for newborns - for children up to 9 months
    • for children of the nursery group - for children from 9 months to 3 years
    • for preschool children - for children from 3 to 7 years old
    • for children of the primary school group - for boys from 7 to 12.5 years old and girls from 7 to 11.5 years old
    • for children of the senior school group - for boys from 12.5 to 15.5 years old and girls from 11.5 to 14.5 years old
    • for children of the teenage group - for boys from 15.5 to 18 years old and girls from 14.5 to 18 years old

According to climatic characteristics

  • Summer
  • Winter
  • Demi-season - clothes for the spring-autumn period
  • All-weather - clothes for wearing in any season

According to performance characteristics

  • household
    • Home - household clothing for work and leisure at home
      • Work - home clothes for work at home
    • Casual - household clothing for everyday wear
    • Solemn - household clothes for wearing in solemn conditions
    • Sports - household clothes for sports
    • National - household clothing, reflecting the specifics of the national culture and life of the people. It can be everyday, solemn or ritual.
  • Industrial (not to be confused with household work clothes) - clothes for wearing in production conditions of various sectors of the economy
    • Special (overalls) - industrial clothing to protect the worker from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors
    • Sanitary - industrial clothing to protect objects of labor from the worker and the worker from general industrial pollution
      • Technological - a kind of sanitary clothing to protect objects of labor
    • Uniform - clothing of military personnel, employees of special departments and students for whom a uniform is established

By completeness

  • Separate full-function garments - garments that can be used independently, separately from other garments.
  • Clothing sets - clothing items made in the same style and intended for joint wear: a suit (including: a men's suit, a women's suit), a trouser set, a bathing suit, a beach set, pajamas.

By manufacturing technology

  • Sewing - clothes made in the conditions of sewing production from all types of materials intended for clothes and linen products
  • Knitted - clothes made in the conditions of knitting production from knitted fabric or whole knitted
  • felted

By type of production

  • Mass production clothes - clothes for typical figures, made in series in mass production
  • Tailor-made clothing - clothing made according to the measurements of a person's figure and the proposed model.

According to the main material

  • tissue
  • Leather
  • Fur
  • Feather down
  • Rubber-polymer

Clothes sizes

Clothing care

Manufacture of wearing apparel

In the studio, most often the division of labor occurs between the working staff in this way: the cutter takes measurements from the client, discusses the style of the future product, draws a sketch, selects materials (fabric, accessories), makes patterns and conducts preliminary and final fittings; the tailor carries out cutting and tailoring of the product.

In the atelier and private craftsmen, when designing the design of clothing, the layout method is used, design methods - most often, the “Unified Design Method of TsOTSHL” and the “Muller and Son” method.

The method of prototyping (aka the dummy method or the method of tattooing) is obtaining a three-dimensional form of a structure by sticking (or gluing) pieces of paper, mock-up fabric or material from which clothes will be made onto a mannequin or human figure. After the prototyping process is completed, the three-dimensional form is removed from a person or mannequin, laid on a flat surface and cut - already getting a structure on a plane. Properly executed prototyping takes into account all the features of the figure; clothes can be sewn according to the patterns designed by this method without intermediate fittings.

Performance requirements for clothing

Operational requirements are comfortable wearing conditions and reliability of the product in operation. Convenience in wearing is created due to the correct choice of allowances, sizes and position of material parts.

Reliability, that is, safe service under specified conditions for a period up to machine-moral or physical wear, is ensured by the correct choice of materials in accordance with the value of the product, the use of various gaskets, edges, and technical treatments.

Aesthetic requirements include artistic design, selection of material according to color, pattern, finish, respect for the proportions of parts of clothing.

Production requirements are aimed at ensuring the preparation of clothes with the rational use of materials and labor intensity of processing. This helps to reduce the cost of the product and increase production efficiency. Economically, the model in terms of material consumption is provided during the development of the design of the model, the reduction of losses during processing of the product in the sewing workshop, the minimum labor intensity of processing is achieved through technology, advanced new materials, and high-performance equipment.

In the technical description of the clothing model of the product, a general description of the product of product designs is given in the following order:

  • type and purpose of the model
  • type of base material, colors
  • silhouette
  • cut
  • fastener type
  • characteristics of the main details (front, back, sleeve, collar)
  • finishing
  • full size group size and height recommendations

General information about the design of clothing

The design of clothing is based on the shape and number of parts, the structure and location of its seams and knots. The nature of the design of clothing can be distinguished by several features: external forms, constructive construction of the axis of the parts, type of seam connection, type of material.

The silhouette is a planar image, the outlines transmitted by the classic silhouette are straight, adjoining in certain periods of becoming fashionable and other silhouettes. The main features of the cut of shoulder clothing include the cut of the sleeve, the articulation of the main details of the longitudinal lines (reliefs), transverse (connections of the bodice with the skirt) with seams. The main cut of the sleeve is set-in, raglan, one-piece. In turn, the set-in sleeve has two varieties: regular and shirt cut.

Thread connections of clothing parts

In the manufacture of clothing, several methods are used to connect parts and process their edges: thread, glue, welded, combined.

With the thread method, the parts are fastened with a hand stitch or machine stitch.

In glue joints, the material is fastened with glue in the form of a film, powder, thread.

In welds, the thermoplastic properties of synthetic and film materials are used.

Stitch - one element of the structure, obtained by the thread method between two subsequent punctures of the material and the needle. With no thread connection - between the contacts of the tool with the connection of parts.

A line is a consecutive series of stitches.

A seam is a successive series of stitches on a material in one or more layers.

Stitches and lines are: machine, manual, through, hidden.

Innovations in the production of clothing

The main directions for the introduction of IT technologies in the clothing industry are automated design of clothing patterns and automated cutting.

Recently, CAD (computer-aided design, CAD) has been actively used - a program that creates basic and model structures, their patterns. Allows you to create a gradation in size, draws up an effective scheme for laying out patterns on a material, creates a 3D model, helps technologists draw up technological documentation.

The following automated devices make patterning and cutting easier:

  • Photodigitizer - a device that allows you to convert paper patterns into electronic form.
  • Bodyscanner - a device for scanning a human figure for further compilation of a 3D model. In combination with CAD, it will allow you to make patterns according to individual standards.
  • Automated cutting complex - a device that automatically cuts the material (fabric, leather) using a laser or a roller knife according to a given program.

In the production of knitwear, programmable knitting machines are used, which facilitate the task of the fashion designer and allow you to create more complex weave patterns.

The related area is also constantly being improved - weaving, mastering new natural fibers (bamboo, nettle), improving the composition of fabrics (mixing natural and synthetic fibers allows you to achieve an interesting texture of the fabric, increase strength, abrasion, elasticity of the fabric), develops new compositions for fabric processing ( crease resistance, resistance to dirt and moisture).

Clothing economy

According to a 1997 study, clothes sold in stores for 10 euros would actually have a production cost of only 3 euros at the most. And the cost of clothing will be distributed as follows:

Percentage boundaries depend on the number of intermediary links between production and the end consumer. Therefore, some brands have complete control over the value chain from production (with their own factories) to distribution (with their own stores or via the Internet).

Most textiles are produced in third world countries, and especially in Asia. Some of the materials used to make clothing are among the most polluting substances. For example, cotton agriculture uses 28% of the world's pesticides, on about 2.5% of all cultivated land. In addition, the working conditions and wages of key workers in this industry are often the lowest.

Sportswear has been very popular lately. Among its characteristics stands out a special practicality and freedom of movement. At the same time, things have a finish that is characteristic of the direction.

Sports style is different from others, but you can read an article about fashionable grandmothers.

Cloth

This direction is dominated by T-shirts. Tops with a spacious cut are also relevant. Among the wide abundance of clothing, sweatshirts, turtlenecks, various T-shirts, straight-cut jumpers can be distinguished.

The upper part of the garment is distinguished by a variety of neck types. It can be a hood, a rack or a golf collar.

Tennis skirts, leggings, wide-cut shorts, and cotton dresses predominate. It is worth noting that trousers are more common than skirts, while there are no arrows on them, but there are patch pockets.

Skirts or dresses are characterized by midi or mini length with one-sided pleats.

Jackets are also characterized by a free cut. This rule applies to windbreaker parkas, down jackets. Jackets have pockets with buttons or zippers. Anoraks are popular among jackets.

You can also find jackets with different types of fasteners or without them. Such models are worn over the head. For summer, you can pick up light jackets with a hood.

Cut Features

Tight things are typical for sports style. These are turtlenecks, leggings, trapezoidal semi-adjacent or straight models. Most often things of a free silhouette.

If we talk about jackets or jackets, fitted styles are not allowed. To emphasize the waist, you can use a belt or lace on the drawstring. This option is also suitable for dresses.

The ideal set will be from tight-fitting items or loose-fitting models. Thus, there will not be a feeling that now you need to go to training. For example, a turtleneck with wide trousers or a spacious T-shirt with leggings is a good combination.

Color spectrum

It cannot be argued that this direction tends to a certain color. It allows a combination of contrasting or neon colors. For many years in a row, white has been relevant, with which you can combine various tones. Particularly stand out natural.

About fabrics

In this direction, manufacturers most often use woolen fabrics, cotton, raincoat fabric, knitted materials, and synthetics. But leather or suede can be found as separate inserts.

Sports style for women

It is worth noting that he has always been at the peak of popularity. Girls who prefer this direction can be seen at various events. Designers constantly modified it, which led to the emergence of different areas of clothing, the most relevant of which is glamorous sportswear for an evening out.

Its peculiarity was the abundance of accessories (read about this detail here -) and various fashionable elements. Models with rhinestone embroidery, as well as unusual bags and hats look especially beautiful.

For an evening out, it is important to successfully combine comfort with luxury. The main difference between the direction is mini jeans skirts, hairstyles.

It is worth highlighting denim clothing, which is always relevant. Any thing from this material is suitable for sports style. People of different age groups and professions prefer shirts, denim skirts, denim hats.

Directions

A little about casual

The main difference between the sport-casual direction is considered to be slight negligence in clothes, which are thought out to the smallest detail. This subspecies is more suitable for young people, it implies the presence in the wardrobe of practical denim trousers with a simple cut, a blouse. Shoes are selected with low heels.

For going out, you can pick up beautiful dresses of medium length. Straight cut skirts are also suitable. To complete the look, a small rectangular handbag is suitable.

Street

The clothes of this trend are characterized by restrained colors, free cut of clothes, shoes without heels. The bag should be soft, dimensional. This style is suitable for active women who do not sit still.

Sportswear photo:

Jockey

It can be used for office work. Well-chosen things emphasize femininity. The most relevant things for the jockey direction are tight trousers with a fitted jacket. At the same time, the boots should be high, and the headdress should be ideally combined with the image. The color scheme should be in brown, green or gray tones.

Fashionable military

The direction combines military motives. Women who like this trend buy tight-fitting clothes, lace-up shoes, and breeches. The color scheme should be muted browns and greens.

As you can see, the sporty style is extremely wide and in contact with other areas. And most importantly - it involves an active lifestyle, do not forget about it.

And yet, I want to congratulate all my respected and dear readers on the upcoming New Year! Health and happiness to everyone!

Fashion of the 21st century constantly offers us new directions that are born through a combination of things from different style groups, this direction also includes sporty style, which has become one of the most beloved and sought-after styles of casual wear in recent years.

The new fashion trend had a long way to go before it became an integral part of the modern man's wardrobe.
Various sports, known since ancient times, became more and more popular in the second half of the 19th century. Sports were in vogue. People, joining the sport, began to understand that they needed special clothes for practicing, which, by the way, would be convenient to use while traveling, and for walking in the countryside, and for other so-called outdoor activities.

The invention of the bicycle in the 19th century excited society, and a mass passion for cycling began. Beach holidays, swimming, yachting became more and more fashionable. Sports such as tennis, horse polo, cricket and croquet, golf, badminton, volleyball, archery, skiing, skating, and many others have become widespread. Comfortable clothing was required not only for those who directly took part in sports competitions, but and viewers who also wanted to feel free and at ease. In the 1920s, the term spectator sports even appeared. (spectator sport).

Clothing manufacturers began to think about creating comfortable, non-restrictive things designed for active pastime. Initially, all sports news were addressed to men, but there were more and more emancipated women who were fond of sports and who wanted to spend time in outdoor activities. They also needed comfortable clothes that would be easy to take care of, easy to wash, and manage while dressing without the help of a maid.
Some of the first to rebel against uncomfortable clothing were American feminists.
In 1849, in the American Journal of Hydrotherapy (Water Cure Journal) articles began to appear for women, calling for attention to the imperfection of the traditional clothes that they were asked to wear. The magazine wrote that on vacation, during trips to the waters, during spa treatment, women should feel free and at ease, and, therefore, they need appropriate clothing. The magazine featured an illustration of a new women's costume designed for such occasions. Ladies were encouraged to wear a new suit, without a corset, consisting of a light cropped skirt and wide trousers, the press, discussing a daring idea, began to call such a suit "Turkish dress", "American dress" or "reform dress". By 1850, readers of the Water Cure Journal, who went on vacation, began to wear an unusual outfit, and other women gradually began to join them. , going to resorts. The innovative resort dress became quite popular, and soon the most daring ladies dared to expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bapplication of the new toilet.

In 1851 in New England (areas in the northeastern part of the United States, consisting of 6 states) feminist Elizabeth Smith Miller Elizabeth Smith Miller on walks, she began to wear breeches, reminiscent of oriental trousers with a length just below the knees. This idea was picked up by lawyer and publicist Amelia Bloomer. (Amelia Bloomer) who also began to wear similar clothes and enthusiastically promote them in the newspaper "Lily" (The Lily (newspaper)), which she organized for women in 1849. Other feminists joined the brave rebels, and wide trousers, thanks to Amelia Bloomer, were called bloomers (bloomers) ( bloomers). Progressive women, despite the negative reaction of society, defended their rights to wear comfortable clothes, following bloomers, ladies began to wear ordinary men's trousers under a shortened dress. In 1866, one of the first American women physicians, Mary Walker (Dr. Mary Edwards Walker) entered one of the New York stores in a dress, from under which trousers were visible, causing the anger of customers dressed in traditional outfits with her appearance. At the request of the offended ladies, the feminist was expelled from the store by the police, who escorted her to the police station, where the violator of the generally accepted rules was warned that women were fined for wearing men's clothing in a public place, and arrested for a second violation. A month after this incident in New York, Mary Walker was elected president of the Costume Reform Association.
American Feminists Wearing Bloomers to the 5th International Peace Congress (International Peace Congress), held in 1851 in London, aroused great interest among progressive English women.
In the 1880s, a movement called the Victorian Dress Reform emerged in England. (Victorian dress reform), opposed to wearing corsets, shoes with heels with a narrow toe and other uncomfortable things.
One of the directions of the clothing reform was the movement promoting the so-called "Aesthetic Costume" (aesthetic dress), the founders and propagandists of this trend were creative people - writers, artists, architects, who believe that simplicity of lines should dominate in clothes.

In 1881, the Rational Costume Society was organized in London. (rational dress movement). Lady Florence became the president of the organization Harberton(Lady Florence Harberton), which defends the rights of women and believes that wearing comfortable clothes should become the norm in a civilized society. She was supported by like-minded people - the English writer, publicist and artist Mary Eliza Gaweis (Mary Eliza Haweis), Constance Wilde (Constance Wilde) wife of writer Oscar Wilde (Oscar Wilde) writer Charlotte Carmichael (Charlotte Carmichael) and many other educated and progressive contemporaries.

Invented in the 19th century, the bicycle caused a real social storm, shaking the most solid foundations of life and provoking a whole series of heated discussions about clothing. Unlike other sports that women took up after men, cycling was a completely new experience for both sexes. In the 1890s, a real bicycle mania began in the world. Moreover, women mastered this amazing means of transportation with the same enthusiasm as men, although their path was more thorny, many ladies who dared to sit on a bicycle were ridiculed and reprimanded, and the clothes in which they were forced to ride did not have a comfortable driving. The dress often became the cause of accidents. The same rebels who dared to put on trousers were severely criticized, ridiculed, and sometimes insulted. But the ladies did not give up, continuing to conquer the bizarre structures moving on one huge and one small wheels, which later received the nickname penny farthing in history. (penny-farthing), and stable tricycles, and, at first, rebellious two-wheelers.


In 1892, the Lady Cyclist's Association was formed in London. (Lady Cyclists Association)). The founder of the women's association was Lillias Campbell Davidson ( Lillias Campbell Davidson. Lady Florence Harberton , who was president of the Rational Suit Society ( Rational Dress Society) which was later transformed into the Rational Suit League (Rational Dress League), suggested that women wear wide, loose trousers for cycling, just below the knee, reminiscent of oriental trousers, those that were promoted by American feminists. All the ladies who were members of the association stood up for the right of women to wear adequate clothing when riding a bicycle.
The famous breeches of Lady Harberton, in essence, representing a trouser skirt, were first presented back in 1884 at the International Health Exhibition. (International Health Exhibition). This model aroused particular public interest, but contemporaries were in no hurry to abandon their traditional outfits in favor of her. Many female athletes did not want to wear a rational suit, considering it ugly and devoid of grace. At first, breeches were recommended to be worn under a wide skirt, then feminists began to promote a suit consisting of an elongated jacket, the bottom of which resembled a cropped skirt and wide trousers. But, despite all the advantages of such a costume, only a small number of women dared to put on such ambiguous clothes.
Changes in society led to the fact that the first manufacturers began to appear, specializing in the production of sports and leisure clothing, one of them was the founder of the British company Redfern & Sons (later Redfern Ltd) John Redfern (John Redfern), who began to develop "special models" back in the 1870s. Along with the traditional models of its time, which dominated the fashion house of John Redfern, Redfern & Sons began to produce both sportswear and clothes intended for informal pastime. His men's and women's yachting clothing attracted the attention of aristocrats. In the late 1870s, Redfern opened a fashion house in London, and in the 1880s in Paris, New York and Edinburgh. The Redfern brand is considered one of the first high-end sportswear brands. Models of clothing designed for leisure and outdoor activities, created in the second half of the 19th century, of course, were infinitely far from such concepts as "convenience" and "comfort". Fashion criteria were completely different, but, nevertheless, the first attempts to create "special clothes" for informal pastime and sports, to separate it from the general flow, in small steps led to big changes.
At the end of the 19th century, the fashion for sports began to actively penetrate into Russia from the countries of Western Europe, concentrating in the capital. In a short period, more than two hundred public sports organizations were formed in St. Petersburg and more than twenty kinds of sports became known. St. Petersburg, as the capital of the largest European state, was the center of concentration of most new directions in the Russian Empire.
In the big cities of Russia, private gymnastic institutions appeared, intended for a small educated class, in most cases with a therapeutic purpose.
The science of the therapeutic use of physical exercises began to develop in Russia from the second half of the 18th century, after the creation of Moscow University in 1755 by Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, which also included the Faculty of Medicine. Early university professors of medicine were strong advocates of exercise, emphasizing its importance in the treatment and prevention of disease.
One of the owners of the gymnastics institution, the Swedish therapist Berglind, who made a significant contribution to the development of therapeutic gymnastics in Russia, repeatedly made attempts to draw public attention to gymnastics by publishing popular brochures. Berglind was considered an experienced kinesiotherapist, that is, a doctor who treated with movements, and his medical institution was widely popular. However, for the most part, the public of that time treated gymnastics in general and therapeutic exercises in particular with incomprehension and sarcasm.
An invaluable contribution to Russian physical education was made by Pyotr Frantsevich Lesgaft, an outstanding biologist, anatomist, anthropologist, doctor, teacher and progressive public figure, creator of theoretical functional anatomy in paleontology and the scientific system of physical education.

Despite all prejudices, world trends inevitably came to the Russian Empire. Both men and women were more and more fond of sports. Some girls' schools have started physical education classes. Sportswear in Russia was used purely for its intended purpose and was predominantly male. Women, following men, were fond of sports games, skating, mastered cycling. But the attitude to clothing, especially women's clothing, in the country was extremely conservative even compared to Europe, which, in turn, unlike the more free and tolerant America, was forced to break through the wall of intolerance towards ladies seeking to change the ossified rules. .
Nevertheless, in the newspapers and magazines of the Russian Empire, one could read about new trends in sports equipment, including women's, and see examples of these trends. For example, in the Bicycle magazine, for February 1894, they wrote: “... the predominant type of costume is shown in the picture: this is a blouse with lapels, worn over a colored shirt with a tie, and wide trousers, which at first glance can be mistaken for a short skirt . Then, colored stockings and light shoes. Hats in a variety of styles. Regarding bloomers, tastes and opinions were divided. Some call such a costume the purest indecency and bad taste, others, on the contrary, find that imitation of the ladies of the Muslim East in a costume is very original and beautiful. What will prevail - a skirt or bloomers - is now still difficult to predict ... ".

At the end of the 19th century, physical education, known to mankind since ancient times, becomes not only a part of leisure for both men and women, but also a part of education. In many countries, children, including girls, are beginning to be introduced to sports in educational institutions. Women have the opportunity to attend special schools where physical education is taught.
The Swedish system of gymnastics has had a huge impact on modern physical therapy and the world's passion for sports since the end of the 19th century. Its founder was Per Ling (Pehr Henrik Ling), therapist, scientist, teacher and author of a whole system of therapeutic exercises, who created it in the first half of the 19th century. Thanks to him, the State Gymnastics Institute was opened in Stockholm. Ling's ideas were continued by his son Hjalmar Ling (Hjalmar Ling) and student Lars-Gabriel Branting (Lars-Gabrie Branting). Ling, who did not have a medical education, independently studied anatomy and physiology and, having divided the ancient Greek, Old Norse and Ancient Chinese exercises into groups, created a harmonious system, the main purpose of which was the improvement and physical perfection of a person. Schools promoting the Swedish system of physical education began to appear in other countries.

At the beginning of the 20th century, society was overwhelmed by a new hobby, which in the modern world would be called fitness. But then such a concept did not yet exist. A new direction in medical gymnastics is associated with the name of another Swede Gustav Zander (Jonas Gustav Vilhelm Zander) his method was based on Ling's teachings. A new type of physical therapy was carried out with the help of special devices developed by Zander, and was called machine gymnastics. Zander's devices made it possible to dose physical exercises without the participation of a methodologist. Gustav Zander achieved the practical application of medical-mechanical gymnastics by opening the first institute of medical gymnastics in 1865 in Stockholm. Following Zander, many scientists worked on various devices for mechanotherapy. The idea of ​​mechanotherapy swept the whole world in those years.


In world history, there were different periods and different attitudes towards women's sports. Something that was allowed, then again became forbidden. In different parts of the world, their own rules were established, breaking which was unheard of insolence. But, starting from the second half of the 19th century, the century of industrial revolutions and rapid industrialization, irreversible changes were outlined in society, ideas and trends that originated in the 19th century were finally realized in the next century.
The 20th century, with its two Great World Wars, which greatly changed the whole way of life, made available to women everything that was forbidden or controversial for many centuries, including participation in sports, the opportunity to choose a sports hobby, and wearing comfortable, lightweight clothes. , and also significantly pushed the boundaries of what is permitted in men's fashion.

At the beginning of the 20th century, couturiers whose names are associated with the concept of "high fashion" began to create clothes for sports and leisure. One of the fierce promoters of comfortable clothing for women was Coco Chanel (Chanel) started to create women's suits from knitwear, claiming that a woman can wear trousers, comfortable shoes, borrow models of a male wardrobe, swim on the beach in an open bathing suit, sunbathe, actively relax and play sports, that there should be such a thing as resort fashion, with light and practical clothes. The same opinion was shared by many other fashion designers who began to create models for amateur sports, recreation, travel, yachting. Clothes of this kind were made by Jean Patou (Jean Patou) Sonia Delaunay (Sonia Delaunay ), Lucien Lelong ( Lucien Lelong , Elsa Schiaperelli ( Elsa Schiaparelli) and others.

Clothing manufacturers, creating models that reflect the fashion trends of their time, did not forget about the new world hobby - sports and outdoor activities. There were companies creating things from knitwear and lightweight fabrics designed for walking, for outdoor sports, for spectators attending sports competitions, beach fashion flourished.

In 1921, at the Wimbledon tournament, the legendary French tennis player Suzanne Lenglen (Suzanne Lenglen) made a splash when she entered the court in a light sleeveless tennis dress with a pleated skirt just below the knee, the author of the innovative tracksuit was the French fashion designer Jean Patou, who was one of the pioneers of sports and leisure fashion. In 1925, Patou opened a specialty store "Le Coins de sport" ("Sports Corner"), where each room was dedicated to different sports or leisure activities - fishing, tennis, golf, aviation, horse riding, etc.
Suzanne Lenglen not only became a trendsetter in the new sports fashion, but also inspired many women with her example, sending long skirts and corsets that hinder movement into the past. A brilliant Frenchwoman who in the 1920s was one of the most popular athletes in the world, and in life she liked to adhere to a style that combined chic and comfort. Women's doubles partner Suzanne Lenglen, tennis player Elizabeth Ryan (Elizabeth Ryan) said: "All tennis players should kneel before Suzanne and thank her for getting rid of the tyranny of corsets." Tennis has had a major influence on fashionable leisure wear.

In the 1920s and 1930s, sports activities, which had been developing rapidly since the beginning of the century, became more and more popular. Shortening the length of women's skirts in the 20s, the penetration of trousers into the women's wardrobe, long, tailor-made dresses made of thin flowing fabrics of the 30s, beach holidays, the opportunity to participate in various sports - all this required harmony, beautiful forms, therefore women aspired to gyms, exercised on simulators and improved their bodies.

Contributed to the history of fashion and some former athletes who began to create comfortable casual clothes after the end of their sports career.
One of these athletes was Rene Lacoste. (Rene Lacoste) French tennis champion who created the Lacoste brand in 1933. It started as a polo shirt designed for tennis and golf players and has grown into a huge company that creates clothing and footwear for leisure.

In the 1930s in Paris, a new name appears in the fashion world - fashion designer Madeleine de Rauch (Madeleine de Rauch). Madeleine belonged to that category of young progressive women who enthusiastically accepted the innovative ideas of the 20th century. She was fond of sports - skating, cycling, swimming, playing tennis. In 1916, Madeleine married Alfred de Rauch, a hockey player. (Alfred de Rauch), who in 1920 became the captain of the French national ice hockey team. Together with her sisters, Madeleine de Rauch opened her first fashion house in 1928 under the name "House of Friendship" (Maison de l "Amitie), within the walls of which, along with more traditional clothing, many models for comfortable leisure were created. In 1932, the Madeleine de Rauch fashion house opened. In the history of fashion, Madeleine de Rauch is recognized as one of the outstanding designers. sports style.
Another star of sports fashion was the Frenchwoman Vera Borea. (Vera Borea) Countess di Regoli (Countess di Regoli), who opened her fashion house in Paris in 1932. Vera has been involved in sports for a long time, so becoming a fashion designer, she decided to create inexpensive comfortable clothes for sports and leisure. She used knitwear, cotton, linen, tweed, flannel for her models, her models combined comfort and elegance.

In the 1940s, Ann Taylor Bonfi (Ann Taylor Bonfoey), a member of the US Olympic skiing team, an aviator who worked as an instructor in the US Navy during World War II, decided to design ski suits. Her friend Diana Vreeland (Diana Vreeland)), who in those years was the editor of Harper's Bazaar magazine, was delighted with the ideas of the former athlete. Ann Taylor Bonfi, having become not only a fashion designer, but also a fashion model, showed the world that sportswear can be fashionable, chic and even glamorous. In 1967, she was included in Harper's Bazaar magazine's "100 Greatest Beauties of the World" list. (100 Great Beauties of the World). Ann Taylor Bonfi has become one of those who in the fashion world are called "style icons".
In 1952, English tennis player Fred Perry (Fred Perry) with Austrian tennis player Tibby Wegner (Tibby Wegner) created the Fred Perry clothing brand, which is famous to this day. First, men's polo shirts were produced under the Fred Perry brand. The company then began to expand. Over the years, the brand has grown in popularity. Harrington jackets appeared in her assortment (harrington jacket), sneakers, tennis-style dresses, a variety of knitwear, etc.
In the 1950s, the Englishman Ted Tinling (Ted Tinling) also an ex-tennis player, he began designing female tennis costumes, fusing sport and chic, causing a huge controversy in the conservative world of tennis.
In modern terms, the style that was created by former athletes who became sports fashion designers can be described as sport chic. As such, there was no concept of sport - chic, and ideas were in the air and were implemented by innovators of their time.

In the United States in the 1930s, one of the most significant creators of leisure and sports style in clothes becomes designer Claire Potter (Clare Potter) her elegant, but at the same time very simple and comfortable clothes, produced under the Clarepotter brand, were very popular.
Another star of American democratic fashion in the 1930s was fashion designer Claire McCardell. (Claire McCardell) creating everyday models of clothing, including in sports style, for mass production. Subsequently, Claire McCardell will be called America's greatest designer in the field of casual and leisure fashion.

American designers and clothing manufacturers of the first half of the 20th century, working in the niche of casual wear, made a huge contribution to the development sports style, they developed democratic functional and comfortable models for every day, adapting for everyday life things that until recently were considered purely sporty, combining sports and fashion. Leisure and outdoor clothing from the 1930s - 1960s is a harbinger of the modern trend sport chic.

Hollywood, showing the world in the first half of the 20th century unrealistically luxurious glamor style, did not bypass the sports theme either, stars in elegant sportswear appeared on movie screens and pages of popular publications.

In the 1940s, the Goldworm company appeared in Italy, headed by the American sports designer Robert Goldworm. (Robert Goldworm) continuing the business started by his father Samuel Goldworm (Samuel Goldworm) back in 1927. Settling in Milan in 1947, Robert Goldworm began to produce knitwear that combined American practicality and Italian chic.
In 1947 Ottavio Missoni ( Ottavio Missoni), who was a famous athlete before the Second World War, together with his friend, also a famous athlete Giorgio Oberweger ( Giorgio Oberweger) establishes a knitwear production company in the city of Trieste. Ottavio resumed his sports and in parallel began to run a business. Initially, two friends of the athlete began to make clothes for athletes. A year later, the Venjulia line of costumes becomes the official uniform of Italian athletes at the Olympic Games in London.
At the London Olympics in 1948, Ottavio met his future wife, Rosita Gelmini ( Rosita Jelmini), whose family in Lombardy owned a factory for the production of scarves and scarves. Arriving in Rosita's homeland, the Missoni couple created a small knitting workshop. And in 1958 the company Missoni presented their first collection "Milano-Simpathy" in Milan, becoming another company promoting comfortable knitwear, proving to the fashion community that knitwear is worthy of haute couture.

1920s to 1940s sports and leisure style found more and more fans all over the world. This was facilitated by the development of the world sports movement - the Olympic Games, World Championships, European Championships, all kinds of championships held within countries, nationwide programs aimed at promoting physical education and sports, the development of sports journalism, expanding the production of a variety of informal clothing, aroused people's interest in a healthy lifestyle. life.
The distribution of leisure and sportswear was facilitated by department stores, which became more and more. Fashion magazines wrote about clothes for sports and leisure, sporty style loomed on the movie screens.

Knitwear, until recently considered an ignoble fabric intended for ordinary poor people and for professional clothing for sailors, divers, port workers, etc., has become indispensable in a society of people striving for comfort. Warm thick sweaters and small elegant sweaters, jumpers, knitted cardigans, soft and comfortable jersey suits became an integral part of 20th century fashion.
Designers who masterfully work with knitwear brought it to the catwalks, knitwear entered the world of big fashion, it was no longer perceived as something second-rate.

In the 1950s and 1960s, sports and leisure topics in fashion faded into the background a bit. People were addicted to other fashion games, but the new trends that originated at the beginning of the 20th century could no longer disappear without a trace, so the fashion designers who created the look of these decades showed their design vision. sports style.
Sporty style remained an eternal theme, which was further developed in subsequent decades.