Basic concepts

Sport - part of physical culture, actually competitive activity and special preparation for it. The generally used term "Physical culture and sport" is not entirely correct, because sport is a part of physical culture, although in some cases the concept of "sport" goes beyond the concept of "physical culture". Physical perfection - the highest degree of development of individual physical abilities. Physical education - a pedagogical process aimed at mastering personal values ​​of physical culture by a person. Physical development - the process of changing the morphological and functional properties of the human body during his life. Physical recreation - means of physical culture used in the mode of active recreation. Physical activity - human motor activity, ensuring his physical and mental development. Psychophysical preparedness - the level of formation of physical and mental qualities of a person for solving life and professional problems. Physical fitness - the result of physical activity, providing the formation of motor skills and abilities, the development of physical qualities, an increase in the level of physical performance. Functional readiness - the state of the body systems (musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, etc.) and their response to physical activity. Professional orientation of physical education - development and improvement of professionally important physical and mental qualities, as well as an increase in the general and nonspecific stability of the body in an unfavorable environment. Essential skills and abilities - natural forms of manifestation of physical activity (walking, skiing, swimming, throwing, etc.), providing purposeful active human activity in the natural environment. Physical education - a special kind of cultural activity, the results of which are useful for society and the individual. In social life in the system of education, upbringing, in the field of work organization, everyday life, healthy recreation, physical culture movement contributes to the joint activities of people to use, disseminate, increase the values ​​of physical culture. Sport - participation in competitions, striving for victory, achieving high results, requiring the mobilization of all forces and personality traits. Sport has certain rules and norms of behavior. Health-improving and rehabilitation physical culture - the use of physical exercises as a means of treating diseases and restoring body functions after diseases, injuries, overwork, etc. Fixed assets:

Therapeutic gymnastics - Dosed walking, running.

Physical recreation Physical recreation is not associated with great physical exertion and volitional efforts, however, they create a good mood, well-being, restore mental and physical performance. Fixed assets for recreation:

Tourism; -Physical and recreational entertainment.

Physical education Through physical education, a person transforms the general achievements of physical culture into personal values. The purpose of physical education - solution of interrelated tasks: 1. Wellness and developmental (health promotion, harmonious development of the body, ensuring high physical performance ...) 2. Educational (acquiring the necessary amount of knowledge in the field of physical culture to ensure life well-being ...) 3. Educational (formation of value attitude to physical culture, the need for exercise, physical self-improvement ...) The social functions of physical culture and sports are in the comprehensive formation and development of the personality, they will never lose their importance and will become more and more important as civilization develops

42All schoolchildren, after passing the medical commission, depending on their physical and physiological state, are divided into medical health groups.

The pediatrician issues a conclusion in which the health group is indicated, assigned on the basis of diagnoses that were determined by medical specialists during the examination.

This conclusion will play a significant role in physical education.

There are three medical health groups for schoolchildren:

1.Main health group. This health group includes children with good health, corresponding to the standard of physical and psychological development in accordance with the age group, as well as those with mild diseases that do not affect overall physical development (for example: slight excess weight, uncomplicated skin-allergic reactions and etc.)

Children whom the doctor assigned to the main group are recommended to engage in physical education within the limits of school standards, are allowed to participate in various kinds of competitions and sports events.

2.Preparatory medical group. This group includes children who have a slight lag in physical development due to a previous illness or who have chronic diseases with frequent exacerbations. The preparatory group of children is engaged in physical education at the level of the main group, only without intense loads and with lower standards. The teacher needs to choose a set of exercises that will not worsen the general physical condition.

3.Special medical group... This medical group includes children who need physical education according to a special program. Most often, this group of children is left by physical education teachers sitting on a bench, that is, they are completely freed from a physical education lesson. Although these children more than anyone else need physical exercise, only selected specifically for them. Complete release from physical activity does not benefit their health.

The motor regime in mass physical education differs from that in physiotherapy exercises in that it is aimed not so much at treating diseases as at eliminating or mitigating their residual symptoms, strengthening health, increasing physical fitness and performance, instilling the necessary skills and striving for a healthy lifestyle.

The motor mode differs from the sports training regime in that it does not aim at achieving sports results. In all modes, all 3 types of adaptation are used: developmental, health-improving, corrective.

There are the following types of motor regimes in mass health-improving physical education:

1 Gentle.

2 Recreational and recreational.

3 General physical fitness.

4 Training.

5 Maintaining fitness and longevity.

Modes differ from each other in tasks and contingent of those involved.

Distribution of trainees into groups for the appointment of a motor mode

A. Healthy people, sufficiently physically prepared, mainly young and middle-aged.

B. Minor chronic diseases, in the phase of stable compensation, without a tendency to exacerbations, not dangerous in conditions of physical exertion.

B. Chronic diseases with frequent exacerbations, insufficient compensation with satisfactory or poor physical fitness.

D. Significant deviations in health with unstable remission, burdened history. Physical fitness is weak or very weak.

D. Regularly practicing senior citizens and veterans of sports without significant deviations in health.

The first mode corresponds to group G, partly to C; the second - C, partly - B; the third - A, partly B; the fourth - A; fifth - D.

Mode characteristics

I. Gentle, or exercise therapy regimen is one of the methods of treatment. It is prescribed by a doctor, performed by a methodologist in hospitals, clinics, health centers, sanatoriums, partially individually with preliminary detailed instructions from the patient. Exercises are selected depending on the diagnosis, the period of illness, the patient's condition according to the exercise therapy program. If the conditions and condition of the patient allow, along with special exercises, general strengthening exercises should be included - walking at a slow and medium pace, starting from 100 m, with a daily increase of 250-400 m per day, up to 2 km, with a heart rate of 90-110 beats / min and recovery after 5-10 minutes. If you are in good condition, you can switch to accelerated walking, and then alternate between accelerated walking and slow running. At 20-30 m walk - 1-3 minutes of light jogging. If exercise therapy is carried out to eliminate defects in posture, scoliosis, flat feet, etc., if the patient is in good condition, as well as if the necessary conditions are available, the arsenal of general strengthening agents used can be expanded by skiing, swimming, outdoor games, gymnastic exercises without complex equipment and etc. The nature of the exercises and the magnitude of the load in each individual case is determined jointly by the doctor and the exercise therapy methodologist, the state of the practitioner and his reaction to the load are constantly monitored.

II. The health-improving and restorative regimen is aimed not so much at treatment as at elimination or mitigation of the residual effects of injuries and diseases, body defects, chronic diseases, bringing the basic functional indicators to the average physiological norm, strengthening health and increasing physical ability. The range of means used is expanding, the density of occupations is increasing. Special attention is paid to the development or restoration of lost physical qualities and skills, but without significant stress.

Walking and running are mandatory - the natural movements of a person, covering large muscle groups, favorably affecting respiration, cardiac activity, vessels, enhancing intestinal motility, preventing the development of arthrosis. Beginners are allowed to walk slowly at first, then average walking and, if they are sufficiently prepared, fast, which is a powerful factorial influence.

Walking very quickly is difficult to tolerate and therefore inappropriate. If the practitioner tolerates brisk walking well, it can be assumed that he is ready to run.

Jogging provides, depending on the state of the person, 4 stages: accelerated walking, alternating walking and running, alternating and smooth running with a gradual increase in distance and, to a lesser extent, speed. The pulse rate is set by the trainer depending on the dynamics of the state and the age of each practitioner. After 1-2 minutes, the heart rate should not exceed 100 beats / min. The circle of general strengthening and developing corrective exercises is also expanding, taking into account their effect on the body and the interest of those involved - gymnastic exercises without complex apparatus, water sports, skiing, short-range tourism, low-intensity outdoor games, exercise equipment. Outdoor activities are very important. Classes are held 2-3 times a week. The groups can be combined as follows: cardiovascular diseases and nonspecific respiratory diseases; metabolic diseases; peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal system. Competitions within the group are allowed to increase interest. Groups of relatively healthy people can be formed by age. Classes are held at polyclinics, dispensaries, DSO, rehabilitation centers, sanatoriums, individually.

III. The general physical training regimen is designed for practically healthy physically fit people. The goal is to improve health, expand functional capabilities, eliminate disorders associated with chronic diseases, increase the level of physical development, optimize physiological functions, prevent diseases, increase the body's resistance and its reliability. Various physical exercises are used, taking into account their usefulness and the desires of those involved, including from the arsenal of certain sports, as well as aerobics, training on simulators, short-range tourism and other health-improving types.

Particular attention is paid to the development, maintenance or restoration of lost physical qualities, maintaining interest in classes. The volume and intensity of the load is set by the trainer in consultation with a doctor. Elements of competition are allowed to maintain interest in classes, instill healthy lifestyle skills, and eliminate bad habits. When forming groups, age and level of preparedness are taken into account. Classes 2-3 times a week in sections, "Health groups" at sports complexes, DSO, recovery centers, large industrial enterprises, institutions, educational institutions.

IV. The training regimen unites healthy, physically prepared people, mainly young people who have previously played sports or are preparing for it. In addition to achieving high stability, reliability and resistance of the organism due to cyclic exercises, general developmental and corrective exercises, exercises of the chosen kind of sport are included in the classes. The purpose of the classes is to increase the functional capabilities of the body and its reliability while maintaining and strengthening health and preventing diseases, developing and maintaining physical qualities and skills, a gradual transition to sports. Classes are conducted in accordance with the methodological guidelines of sports training, the chosen kind of sport, but in general with lower loads and lower density, a greater specific gravity of general physical fitness. The density of classes is less, the introductory and concluding parts are lengthened. The load gradually increases. Competitions are included in the training plan. Regular medical supervision is especially important due to the rather high level of applied loads. Classes are held in the appropriate sections or individually 2-3 times a week. Particular attention is paid to the process of restoration and implementation of a healthy lifestyle.

V. The mode of maintaining fitness and "sports longevity" is designed for sports veterans who want to maintain their health, physical fitness and special skills. The usual workout continues, but with a gradual decrease in volume and intensity. The load is varied, but without prejudice to health, taking into account age, with an emphasis on maintaining the functions and exercises of "one's" kind of sport that are most suffering in the process of age-related involution.

structure and content of a health-improving aerobics lesson

A wellness aerobics coach should possess the following skills and abilities:

1. Conduct classes in accordance with the assigned tasks.

2. Use different means depending on the purpose of the lesson.

3. Conduct the lesson, observing its structure.

4. Select exercises in accordance with the parts of the lesson and taking into account the age, the field of physical fitness of the trainees.

5. It is logical to build a sequence of exercises throughout the session.

In accordance with the established tradition, supported by scientific research and many years of practical experience, the optimal structure of a health-improving aerobics class, like any other organized form of physical exercise, is a structure in which three parts are distinguished: preparatory, main and final. Each part, in turn, consists of several blocks that allow you to solve certain specific problems.

□ Preparatory part

□ Main part

W The final part

Rice. 2. Duration of parts of aerobics lesson

Concepts and definitions by f.c.

1. Adaptive physical education- This is the type (area) of physical culture of a person with disabilities in health, including a disabled person, and society.

2. Autogenic training- This is self-regulation of the mental state, aimed at relaxing all muscles, relieving nervous tension, calming and normalizing body functions using special self-hypnosis formulas.

3. Adaptation- adaptation of the organism, its functional systems, organs and tissues to the conditions of existence.

4. Avitaminosis- a specific metabolic disorder in - in, caused by a prolonged absence (deficiency) of any vitamin in the body

5. Anabolics- chemicals that stimulate protein synthesis in body tissues and increase muscle mass, accelerating the body's recovery.

6. Aerobic metabolism- the process of decomposition and oxidation of nutrients with the participation of oxygen.

7. Amplitude of motion- the range of movements of individual parts of the body in relation to each other or the whole body in relation to the projectile.

8. Athletic gymnastics(bodybuilding) is a weight training system aimed at all-round strength training and physique improvement through muscle development.

9. Aerobics- a system of cyclic exercises, requiring the manifestation of endurance and contributing to the improvement of the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

10. Acrobatics- a system of physical exercises associated with the fulfillment of body rotations in different planes with support and without support and maintaining balance by one athlete, together or in groups.

11. Run- this is a method of accelerated movement, in which the single-support and flight phases alternate, i.e., the support with one foot on the ground alternates with the flight phase (with the unsupported phase).

12. Block- a technical defense technique in volleyball, with the help of which the path to the ball flying after the opponent's attacking blow is blocked.

13. Biorhythms- cyclical changes in biological processes occurring in the body, independent of external conditions.

14. Vitamins Are biologically active organic compounds necessary for the normal functioning of the body.

15. Vis- the position of the student on the apparatus, in which his shoulders are below the grip points.

16. Recovery- the state of the organism that arises during work and is especially activated after its completion and consists in the gradual transition of the altered functions to the initial state, as a rule, through the phase of supercompensation.

17. Triggering- a state that occurs in the initial period of work, when there is a transition of body functions and exchange in –w from the level of rest to the level necessary for the performance of this work.

18. Lunge- position with an extended and bent supporting leg, the other - straight, the body is vertical.

19. Kind of sport Is a type of activity that is the subject of rivalry and has historically taken shape as a way to identify and compare human capabilities.

20. Hypokinesia- insufficient physical activity of the body.

21. Hypodynamia- a set of negative morpho-functional changes in the body due to insufficient motor activity (atrophic changes in muscles, demineralization of bones, etc.).

22. Hypervitaminosis- occurs with an excess intake of vitamins.

23. Hypovitaminosis- lack of vitamins in the body.

24. Hypoxia- oxygen starvation, which occurs when there is a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air or in the blood.

25.Grouping- the position of the student, in which the legs bent at the knees are pulled up by the arms to the chest and the hands grab the knees.

26. Breath- a complex of physiological processes that ensure the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by a living organism.

27. Motor experience- the volume of motor actions mastered by a person and the ways of their implementation.

28. Discipline- deliberate submission of their behavior to social rules.

29. Motor actions- This is a movement (movement of the body and its links), performed with a specific purpose.

30. Physical activity Is the number of movements performed over a period of time (day, week, month, year

31. Doping Are prohibited pharmacological drugs and procedures used to stimulate physical and mental performance and thereby achieve high sports results.

32. Dolphin- a method of sports swimming, which arises as a type of breaststroke.

33. VC(vital capacity of the lungs) - the maximum amount of air that a person is able to exhale after maximum inhalation.

34. W healthy lifestyle- the process of a person's compliance with certain norms, rules and restrictions in everyday life, contributing to the preservation of health, optimal adaptation of the body to environmental conditions, a high level of performance in educational and professional activities. (this is a way of human activity, aimed at preserving and improving people's health).

35. Hardening- this is an increase in the body's resistance to the influence of external factors when using the natural forces of nature.

36. Immunity- immunity of the body to infectious diseases.

37. Individual- a person as a subject of relationships and conscious activity, capable of self-knowledge and self-development ..

38. Somersault- rotational movement through the head with successive contact of the supporting surface with separate parts of the body

39. Circular method organization of the activities of those involved, providing for the sequential execution of a series of tasks dosed individually on the basis of the maximum test.

40. Amateur sports- a multilateral mass sports movement in the general system of physical education of citizens, which makes it possible to improve their sports skills and achieve the highest results in various sports.

41. Personality- a person as a subject of relationships and conscious activity, with a stable system of socially significant traits that characterize the individual as a member of society or community.

42. Pulmonary ventilation- the volume of air that passes through the lungs in a minute.

43. Massage- an effective means of restoring and increasing the working capacity of the body, improving its functional qualities.

44. Maximum oxygen consumption (MOC)- The largest amount of oxygen that the body can consume in a minute during extremely strenuous work.

45. Mass sports- a part of physical culture, which is a mass sports movement that promotes the development of physical culture among the population in order to attract people to physical exercises and identify talented athletes in various sports.

46. Motor density lesson Is the time spent just doing the exercises.

47. Methodical principles of physical education understand the fundamental methodological laws of the pedagogical process, expressing the basic requirements for the structure, content and organization of the educational and training process.

48. Physical education methods- a way to achieve a set goal, a certain way of ordered activity. The main methods are conventionally divided into three groups: verbal, visual and practical.

49. Methodology- a system of means and methods aimed at achieving certain results.

50. Muscles are antagonists- muscles acting simultaneously (or alternately) in two opposite directions.

51. Muscle- synergists - muscles that jointly carry out one definite movement.

52. Myositis- muscle inflammation

53. Mach- free movement of the body relative to the axis of rotation.

54. Persistence- striving to achieve the intended goal, energetic, active overcoming of obstacles on the way to achieving the goal.

55. National sports- a part of physical culture, historically formed in the form of competitive activity and representing a kind of physical exercises and folk games with original rules and methods of organizing physical activity.

56. Poor posture- these are minor deviations in the position of the spine.

57. Attacking blow- a technical technique of attack in volleyball, which consists in interrupting the ball with one hand to the side of the opponent above the upper edge of the net.

58. Olympic Charter is a collection of IOC statutory documents, which formulate the goals and objectives of the modern Olympic movement, the principles of Olympism, a set of laws and rules that govern the participants of the Olympic movement.

59. Olympism Is a philosophy of life that uplifts and unites in a balanced whole the dignity of body, will and mind.

60. Recreation- This is a state of rest or vigorous activity, leading to the restoration of strength and performance. (active and passive).

61.Ordinary rest interval- full restoration of performance to the original level.

62. Burden it is an external resistance to movement (kettlebell, barbell), complicating the exercise, contributing to an increase in muscle efforts.

63. Education- an organized, systematic process aimed at acquiring certain knowledge, skills and abilities, under the guidance of teachers.

64. Lifestyle- features of everyday life of people in specific socio - economic conditions.

65. Metabolism (metabolism) is a complex, constantly flowing, self-perpetuating and self-regulating biochemical and energy process associated with the intake of various nutrients from the environment into the body, ensuring the constancy of the chemical composition and internal parameters of the body, its vital functions, development and growth, reproduction, the ability to move and adapt to the changing conditions of the external environment.

66. BX- This is the minimum amount of energy expended by the body to maintain a basic level of vital activity.

67. Orthostatic test- transfer of the body from horizontal to vertical position to study the reactions of the body and orthostatic stability.

68. General physical fitness- this is a human condition, which is acquired as a result of physical training and is characterized by high physical performance, good development of physical qualities, versatile motor experience.

69. Olympic movement is a joint activity of people, carried out for the benefit of strengthening peace and friendship between peoples in the spirit of mutual understanding, respect and trust, designed to actively contribute to the humanistic education of peoples on the ideals of sport.

70. Overall density of the lesson- includes time for explaining exercises, moving from one sports equipment to another, etc.

71. Jumping Is a way to overcome distance and obstacles (vertical and horizontal) with the help of an accentuated phase of flight after kick-off.

72.Rise-transition from hanging to support or from a lower position to a high one.

73.Turn- rotational movement of the body around the vertical or longitudinal axis.

74. Density of occupation Is an indicator of the effectiveness of the use of training time, defined as the ratio of the time spent on the exercise, to the entire time of the exercise.

75. Overwork- This is a condition of the body, characterized by a significant increase in the duration of the recovery of working capacity after exercise in combination with negative symptoms of a mental nature.

76. Preparatory medical group- a group that is formed from students with minor deviations in physical development and health, as well as insufficient training.

77. Flat feet- drooping of the arches of the foot.

78. Prelaunch state- This is the mental state of an athlete that occurs immediately before performing in competitions.

79. Jumping ability- the ability to perform a jump with a high elevation of the OCMT or with a significant range without a takeoff run.

80.Overtraining- a pathological condition of a trainee, characterized by a significant decrease in the level of physical performance, negative symptoms of a functional nature in combination with mental depression.

81. Professionally- Applied physical training - a specialized type of physical education, carried out in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of the profession.

82. Competition regulations- this is the main competition document, which is guided by the main panel of judges and in which all aspects of the organization of the competition are provided.

83. Determination- the ability to make well-grounded and sustainable decisions in a timely manner, without unnecessary delays to move on to their implementation.

84. Rhythmic gymnastics- This is a kind of health-improving gymnastics, the main content of which is OSU, running, jumping and dance elements performed to music mainly by the flow method (almost without breaks, pauses and stops to explain the exercises).

85. Daily regime- This is a rational distribution of all types of activity and rest during the day, repeating from day to day the automatism of life processes.

86. Timing (heterochronism)- different functions and qualities reach their maximum development at different ages.

87. Reflexes- these are the reactions of the body that occur to irritation of the receptors with the obligatory participation of the nervous system (the main mechanism of the central nervous system).

88. Resistance- stability, resistance of the organism to external factors.

89. Sports uniforms- an adaptive state, it is considered the final phase of the body's adaptation to extreme - limiting work with the manifestation of the phase of maximum performance with the highest functional training.

90. Sports training- This is the main form of training athletes.

91. Physical education system is a method of social practice, its foundations, combined into a holistic structure.

92. Sport- part of physical culture, which is a specific form of competitive activity, preparation of athletes to participate in competitions.

93. High performance sport- the field of sports, ensuring the achievement of high sports results, the setting of records.

94. Sports classification- a system of sports titles, grades and categories that determine the level of skill in certain sports, as well as the level of qualifications of coaches, athletes, instructors, methodologists and judges.

95. Stretching- a system of static exercises that develop flexibility and increase muscle elasticity

96. Sports discipline- This is an integral part of a sport that differs from other components of disciplines in the form or content of competitive activity.

97. Specialization- Accentuated mastery of elements of any sports discipline.

98. Scoliosis- This is a lateral curvature of the spine.

99. Wellbeing- a subjective feeling of the state of one's health, physical and spiritual strength.

100. Stress- states of mental tension arising under the influence of strong stimuli.

101. Special medical group- a group that consists of students with deviations in health, in which increased physical activity is contraindicated.

102. Self-control Is a system of monitoring the state of one's health, physical development, physical performance and their change under the influence of physical culture and sports.

103. Self-control- these are regular independent observations of those involved in their health, physical development, the impact on the body of physical exercise and sports.

104. Special physical training- a process aimed at the education of physical. qualities in accordance with the requirements of the specificity of a particular sport and the characteristics of competitive activity.

105. Sports injury- this is the effect of an external factor on the human body, a violation of the integrity and functional state of tissues and organs, and the normal course of physiological processes during exercise.

106 . Courage- the readiness of a person to go to achieve the goal, despite the dangers, infringing on personal well-being, overcoming adversity, suffering, and deprivation.

107. Socialization- the process of mastering the system of knowledge, norms and values ​​of physical culture by a person, contributing to his functioning as a full member of society. (Formation of a person as a person in the process of physical culture and sports).

108. Recession- fast transition from stop to hang.

109. Sports readiness- the condition of an athlete, acquired as a result of training, allowing to achieve certain results in competitive activity.

110. Sports category- a criterion for the special preparedness of an athlete, the level of his sportsmanship.

111. periods of ontogenesis, within the framework of which the most significant rates of development of certain human abilities are provided, especially favorable prerequisites for the formation of certain skills and abilities are formed.

112. Technical and applied sports- a part of physical culture that requires a special preparation of an athlete for competitions with the use of technical means.

113. Fitness- this is the state of the organism, characterized by progressive functional changes that occurred under the influence of repetition of motor actions.

114. Workout Is a process of physical exercises fulfillment in order to improve the quality of competitive activity.

115. Test- a measurement or test carried out to determine the state, processes, properties or abilities of a person.

116. Body type- This is the integrity of the morphological and functional characteristics of the organism, inherited and acquired under the influence of the environment.

117. Tactics- the organization of individual and collective actions, according to the interaction of team players according to a certain plan, allowing to successfully fight against an opponent during the competition.

118.The exercise physical cyclic is an exercise consisting of movements that are continuously repeated for a certain period of time.

119. Physical acyclic exercise Is an exercise that consists of non-repetitive movements.

120. Morning exercises (exercise) Is a set of physical exercises that provides a gradual transition from sleep to wakefulness.

121. Lesson forms- these are classes conducted by a teacher (trainer) with a relatively constant educational group of students for a strictly specified time in a specially designated place in accordance with the requirements of the pedagogical laws of teaching and upbringing.

122. Physical fitness- the level of development of basic physical qualities (strength, flexibility, etc.) for mastering new movements is understood.

123. Physical training- physical education, aimed at preparing a person for a certain type of activity with a pronounced applied direction (this is a process that ensures the improvement of motor abilities necessary in life).

124. Physical performance Is the ability of a person to perform a large amount of physical work at a given level of efficiency for a certain period of time.

125. Physical development- the process of formation, formation and subsequent change during the individual life of the natural morpho - functional properties of the organism.

126. Physical education- This is a part of human culture associated with the physical and spiritual development of a person, which has its own cultural values ​​in the form of knowledge, motor actions and physical exercises. (The process and result of human activity aimed at achieving physical improvement of the individual).

127. Physical education- it is an integral part of culture, which is a set of spiritual and material values ​​created and used by society for the purpose of physical development of a person, strengthening his health, improving motor abilities, contributing to the harmonious development of the individual.

128. Physical culture of the individual- the achieved level of physical improvement of a person and the degree of use of the acquired qualities, skills and special knowledge in everyday life

129.Physical culture of the individual- this is a set of human properties that are acquired in the process of physical exercise and are expressed in the active desire of a person to comprehensively and harmoniously improve his body, strengthen health and lead a healthy lifestyle.

130. Physical education- a pedagogical process aimed at teaching movements, fostering physical qualities, fostering moral and volitional qualities and mastering special physical culture knowledge. (A pedagogical process aimed at acquiring a supply of vital motor skills and abilities, at the diversified development of physical abilities, at improving body shapes).

131. Physical education- a pedagogical process aimed at the formation of a healthy, physically and spiritually perfect, morally stable younger generation, health improvement, increased efficiency, creative longevity and prolongation of human life.

132. Physical culture movement Is a joint activity of people to use and enhance the values ​​of physical culture.

133. Physical culture (physical culture and sports) movement- a form of social movement that helps to increase the level of physical culture of the population, the purposeful activities of state and public organizations, citizens for the development of physical culture and sports.

134. Physical education- systemic mastering by a person of rational ways of controlling his movements, acquiring the necessary fund of motor skills and abilities and related knowledge.

135. Phys. minutes and physical. pauses- these are short-term sessions of physical exercise, introduced during the day, mainly as an active rest to maintain a person's working capacity.

136. Lesson form Is a way of organizing and managing the process of the lesson.

137. Frontal - method organizing the activities of those involved, when everyone performs the same task.

138. Functional test Is a procedure during which a standard task is performed with the subsequent registration of the level of functional changes in order to determine the state of the organism or any of its systems.

139. Exercise form- ways of motor actions fulfillment, with the help of which the motor task is solved with relatively greater efficiency.

140. Physical perfection- ideal health is understood. Harmonic physical development, well-developed motor functions, all-round physical. preparedness.

141. Physical perfection- the process of physical education and upbringing, expressing a high degree of development of individual physical abilities. Living up to the demands of life.

142. Walking Is a method of movement in which constant support on the ground with one or two feet is maintained

143. Grip- a way of holding a sports equipment, object during the exercise.

144. The goal of Olympism- to put sport at the service of harmonious human development, contributing to the creation of a peaceful society that cares about respect for human dignity.

145. Shaping Is a system of mainly strength exercises for women, aimed at body shaping and improving the functional state of the body.

146. Energy balance- the ratio of the amount of energy supplied with food and the energy consumed by the body.

147. Core- in athletics, a projectile, which is thrown after the "jump".
Used Books:

1. Matveev LP Theory and methodology of physical culture: Textbook for institutes of physical culture.M.: FiS, 1991

2. Under total. ed. Matveeva L.P. - M.: FiS, 1983

Definition of "physical culture"

"Physical culture is part of the general culture of society, one of the spheres of social activity aimed at strengthening health, developing the physical abilities of a person" (Encyclopedic Dictionary)

Physical culture is the basis of a healthy lifestyle. Physical culture combines many components: the culture of physical activity, hardening, breathing, massage, nutrition, the use of natural factors. Physical culture should be talked about first of all taking into account these components, then it becomes obvious that it is the basis and driving force for the formation of a healthy lifestyle. If we conditionally take the level of health as 100%, then 20% depends on hereditary factors, 20% - on external environmental conditions, on ecology, 1% - on the activities of the health care system, 50% - depends on the lifestyle that a person organizes for himself ...

The theory of physical culture proceeds from the basic provisions of the theory of culture and is based on its concepts. At the same time, it has specific terms and concepts that reflect its essence, goals, objectives, content, as well as means, methods and guidelines. The main and most general concept is "physical culture". As a type of culture, in general social terms, it is a vast area of ​​creative activity aimed at creating people's physical readiness for life (health promotion, development of physical abilities and motor skills). On a personal level, physical culture is a measure and method of all-round physical development of a person.

Thus, physical culture is a type of culture, which is a specific process and result of human activity, a means and method of physical improvement of a person to fulfill social responsibilities.

The structure of physical culture includes such components as physical education, sports, physical recreation (rest) and motor rehabilitation (recovery). They fully satisfy all the needs of society and the individual in physical training.

Physical education- pedagogical process aimed at the formation of special knowledge, skills, as well as the development of versatile physical abilities of a person. Like education as a whole, it is a general and eternal category of the social life of an individual and society. Its specific content and focus are determined by the needs of society for physically prepared people and are embodied in educational activities.

Sport- game competitive activity and preparation for it; is based on the use of physical exercises and is aimed at achieving the highest results, disclosing reserve capabilities and identifying the maximum levels of the human body in physical activity. Competitiveness, specialization, focus on the highest achievements, staginess are specific features of sport as a part of physical culture.

Physical recreation (rest)- the use of physical exercises, as well as sports in simplified forms for active recreation of people, enjoying this process, entertainment, switching from ordinary activities to others. It is the main content of mass forms of physical culture and is a recreational activity.

Movement rehabilitation (recovery)- a purposeful process of restoration or compensation of partially or temporarily lost motor abilities, treatment of injuries and their consequences. The process is carried out in a comprehensive manner under the influence of specially selected physical exercises, massage, water and physiotherapy procedures and some other means. This is a restorative activity.

Physical training- type of physical education: development and improvement of motor skills and physical qualities required in a specific professional or sports activity. It can also be defined as a type of general training of a specialist (professional) or an athlete (for example, the physical training of a gymnast).

Physical development- the process of changing the forms and functions of the body under the influence of natural conditions (food, labor, everyday life) or the purposeful use of special physical exercises. Physical development is also the result of the influence of these means and processes, which can be measured at any time (the size of the body and its parts, indicators of various qualities, the functionality of organs and body systems).

Physical exercises- movements or actions used to develop physical qualities, internal organs and systems of motor skills. It is a means of physical improvement, transformation of a person, his biological, mental, intellectual, emotional and social essence. It is also a method of human physical development. Physical exercise is the main means of all types of physical education.

Topic 1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE THEORY

PHYSICAL CULTURE

Concepts: physical culture, physical culture movement, physical education

nie, sports, motor rehabilitation, physical recreation, physical

development, physical fitness, physical fitness, physical

excellence, physical education, physical development, physical education

activity.

CONCEPT is the basic form of human thinking, established

imposing an unambiguous interpretation of a term, expressing

at the same time, the most essential aspects, properties and features of the

a lonely object (phenomenon).

To study questions of theory and practice of physical culture

a correct understanding of the basic concepts is of great importance. Their

as clear and strict a definition as possible is one of the

the most important problems of the theory of physical culture, which is

a relatively young and not completely formed area of ​​significant

niy. Under such conditions, the maximum accuracy of ideas about whether

a different term makes it easier to discuss and understand problems,

help to penetrate deeper into their essence. Mastering the concepts of

promotes concretization of thought, facilitates communication and mutual understanding

The broadest, collective and multifaceted is the understanding

tie "physical culture". For a deeper and more correct pre-

understanding the content of this concept, it is advisable to compare it with

the term "culture", which appeared during the emergence of man

eternal society and was associated with concepts such as "cultivation

nie "," processing "," education "," development "," reverence ". M.V. You-

Drin (1999) identifies the following, which are closest to the theory of physical

culture definition of culture:

Culture is a measure and a way of human development;

Culture is a qualitative characteristic of human activity

centuries and society;

Culture is a process and result of storage, assimilation, development

and the dissemination of material and spiritual values.

Each of the listed definitions can be taken as a basis

wu when considering the concept of "physical culture".

Culture is inextricably linked to activities and needs.

Activities are different types and methods of the development process

the world, its transformation, changes to meet the needs

person and society.

A need is a need for something, life or household non-

necessity, the most important sources and conditions for the development of personality and

society, the incentive reasons for the social activity of people. V

the development of culture, its most important components have become

some types of activities that are specifically aimed at improving

development of oneself, on the transformation of one's own nature. Names

but these components of culture include physical culture.

The sphere of physical culture is characterized by a number of inherent only

her signs, which are usually grouped into 3 groups:

Active motor activity of a person. Moreover, not any

bai, but only organized in such a way as to form

vital motor skills and abilities was provided with

improvement of the natural properties of the body, increased physical

sky efficiency, health improved. The main means

the solution to these problems is physical exercise.

Positive changes in the physical condition of a person -

increasing its efficiency, the level of development of morpho-

functional properties of the organism, quantity and quality of mastered

vital and exercise skills. improved

health indicators. The result of full use

physical culture is the achievement of physical co-

excellence.

The complex of material and spiritual values ​​created in

society to meet the need for effective improvement

involving the physical capabilities of a person. Such values ​​should follow

It includes various types of gymnastics, sports games, complexes

exercises, scientific knowledge, methodology for performing exercises, material

real-technical conditions, etc.

Thus, PHYSICAL CULTURE is a type of human culture

century and society. These are activities and socially significant results in

creation of physical readiness of people for life; this, on the one hand,

specific progress, and on the other, - the result of human activity

ness, as well as a means and method of physical perfection

(V.M. Vydrin, 1999).

As an example, you can give a few more definitions of this

concepts: PHYSICAL CULTURE is part of the general culture of the individual

ness and society, which is a set of material and

spiritual values ​​created and used for the physical

improvement of people (B.A. Ashmarin, 1999).

PHYSICAL CULTURE is part of the general culture of society.

Reflects the methods of physical education, results, conditions,

necessary for cultivation, aimed at mastering, developing

the control and management of the physical and mental abilities of a person

ka, strengthening his health, increasing efficiency. (V.I. Il-

PHYSICAL CULTURE is an element of personality culture,

the specific content of which is rationally organized

bathroom, systematic active activity used by human

com to optimize the state of your body (V.P. Lukyanenko,

So, physical education should be considered as a special kind

cultural activities, the results of which are useful to society and

personality. In social life in the education system, upbringing, in

the sphere of work organization, everyday life, healthy recreation of physical

cultural culture manifests its upbringing, educational, health

economic, economic and general cultural value, contributes to

the emergence of such a social movement as the physical culture movement

PHYSICAL MOVEMENT is a social movement (as

amateur and organized), in the mainstream of which he develops

all joint activities of people on the use, dissemination

niyu, augmentation of the values ​​of physical culture. (A.A. Isaev)

Currently, public physical culture movements are

are gaining momentum in many countries, although they have their own

national and regional peculiarities. Examples of physical education

currents can be "Sport for all", "Fitness-movement", "Active

Australia "and others.

Let's dwell on the concept of "physical education". Form-

the development of knowledge, skills and abilities of purposeful and effective

use of the means of physical culture is carried out precisely in

the process of physical education. Therefore, this process is

falls as an active side of physical culture, thanks to which

there is a transformation of the values ​​of physical culture into personal

human property. This is reflected in improved health,

increasing the level of development of physical qualities, motor fitness

coherence, more harmonious development, etc.

Physical education is often characterized as one

from parts of physical education. This interpretation of the ratios of the two

concept is not devoid of meaning, but, according to many authors, it is insufficient,

correct (L.P. Matveev, B.A. Ashmarin, Zh.K. Kholodov, A.A. Isaev). Exact

her speaking, physical education is in relation to physical

culture is not so much a part as one of the main forms

functioning in society, namely pedagogically organized

the process of transferring and assimilating its values ​​within the framework of the system of

development. Physical education has all the features of teachers

process, namely: the leading role of a teacher-specialist,

nization of the activities of the educator and the educated in accordance with the

dactic and pedagogical signs, the orientation of the activity

on solving problems of education and upbringing, building classes

in accordance with the laws of human development, etc. Needed

I can learn that physical education is different from other types

education in that it is based on a process that provides

teaching movements (motor actions) and education of physical

qualities.

Hence, PHYSICAL EDUCATION is a pedagogical

process aimed at the formation of a healthy, physically perfect

socially active person, which includes training

movements (motor actions) and education (management of development

thiem) physical qualities. (Zh.K. Kholodov).

Or, PHYSICAL EDUCATION (in the broadest sense of the word)

Is a type of educational activity, a specific feature

which is the management of the process of using the means of physical

culture in order to promote harmonious human development

(V.P. Lukyanenko).

Along with the term "physical education" use the term

"physical training". Essentially they have a similar meaning,

but the second term is used when they want to emphasize the

effective orientation of physical education in relation to labor

new or other activities.

PHYSICAL TRAINING is the process of forming movement

mental skills and the development of physical abilities (qualities), non-

bypassed in a specific professional or sports activity

sti (Yu.F. Kuramshin).

PHYSICAL READY is the result of physical

training, embodied in the achieved performance,

the level of development of physical qualities and the level of formation of life

important and applied skills and abilities.

Annotation: Terms and basic definitions of physical culture, history of development, value of sport.

1.1. Basic concepts of physical culture and sports

The theory of physical culture uses such concepts as "physical culture", "sport", "non-special physical education", "physical recreation", "motor rehabilitation", "physical development", "physical education", "physical training", " physical exercise "and many others. These concepts are of the most general nature, and specific terms and concepts, one way or another, follow from the definitions of more general categories.

The main and most general of them is the concept of "physical culture". As a type of culture, in general social terms, it is a vast area of ​​creative activity, both scientific and practical, as well as the results of this activity in creating people's physical readiness for life. On a personal level, it is a measure and method of all-round physical development of a person.

In both cases, physical culture is of decisive importance not in itself as a field of activity, but its qualitative results, the degree of efficiency, value, usefulness for humans and society. In a broader sense, the effectiveness of this activity can be manifested in the state of physical culture work in the country, in its material and technical, theoretical, methodological and organizational provision in specific indicators of the physical development of members of society.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION is a kind of culture, which is a specific process and result of human activity, a means and method of physical improvement of people for the fulfillment of their social duties.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION- the process of forming the need for physical exercises in the interests of the all-round development of the personality, the formation of a positive attitude to physical culture, the development of value orientations, beliefs, tastes, habits, inclinations.

SPORT- type of physical culture: playing, competitive activity and preparation for it, based on the use of physical exercises and aimed at achieving the highest results.

It is aimed at revealing reserve capabilities and identifying the maximum levels of functioning of the human body for a given time in the process of motor activity. Competitiveness, specialization, focus on the highest achievements, staginess are specific features of sport as a kind of physical culture.

PHYSICAL RECREATION- type of physical culture: the use of physical exercises, as well as sports in simplified forms, for active recreation of people, getting pleasure from this process, entertainment, switching from one type of activity to another, distraction from ordinary types of work, household, sports, military activities ...

It is the main content of mass forms of physical culture, is a recreational activity.

MOTOR REHABILITATION- type of physical culture: a purposeful process of using physical exercises to restore or compensate for partially or temporarily lost motor abilities, treat injuries and their consequences.

This process is carried out in an integrated manner, under the influence of specially selected physical exercises, massage, water and physiotherapy procedures and some other means. This is a restorative activity.

PHYSICAL TRAINING- type of non-special physical education: the process of formation of motor skills and the development of physical abilities (qualities) required in a specific professional or sports activity (physical training of a pilot, fitter, steelworker, etc.)

It can also be defined as a type of general training of an athlete (physical training of a sprinter, boxer, wrestler, etc.).

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT- the process of changing the forms and functions of the body either under the influence of natural conditions (nutrition, work, life), or under the influence of the purposeful use of special physical exercises.

It is also the result of the influence of these means and processes, which can be measured at a given moment (the size of the body and its parts, indicators of various motor qualities and abilities, the functional capabilities of the body systems).

PHYSICAL EXERCISES- movements or actions used for the development of physical abilities (qualities), organs and systems, for the formation and improvement of motor skills.

On the one hand, it is a means of physical improvement, bodily transformation of a person, his biological, mental, intellectual, emotional and social essence. On the other hand, it is also a method (method) of a person's physical development. Physical exercises are the main, "cross-cutting" means of all types of physical culture, non-special physical education, sports, physical recreation and motor rehabilitation.

1.2. The history of the development of physical culture

"The physical perfection of a person is not a gift of nature, but a consequence of his purposeful formation."

N.G. Chernyshevsky

The harmonious combination of intelligence, physical and spiritual forces was highly valued by a person throughout his development and improvement. Great men in their writings emphasized the need for the all-round development of youth, not highlighting the priority of physical or spiritual education, deeply understanding; to what extent overestimation, accentuated formation of any qualities lead to a violation of the harmonious development of the personality.

The term "culture", which appeared during the period of the emergence of human society, is far from unambiguous, closely related to such concepts; as "cultivation", "processing", "upbringing", "education", "development"; "veneration". This term in modern society covers a wide area of ​​transformative activity and its results in the form of corresponding values, in particular, "transformation of their own nature."

Physical culture is a part (subsystem) of the general culture of mankind, which is a creative activity for the development of the past and the creation of new values, mainly in the field of development, health improvement and education of people.

In order to develop, educate and improve a person, physical culture uses the capabilities of the individual, the natural forces of nature, the achievements of the human sciences, specific scientific results and installations of medicine, hygiene, anatomy, physiology, psychology, pedagogy, military affairs, etc. Physical culture, organically interwoven in professional-industrial, economic, social relations of people, has a significant impact on them, fulfilling a humanistic and cultural-creative mission, which today, during the period of higher school reforms and the revision of the essence of previous concepts, is especially valuable and significant.

Academician N.I. Ponomarev, relying on the results of a study of extensive material, came to the conclusion, which became fundamental for the history of the emergence and initial development of physical education, that “a person became a person not only during the development of tools of labor, but also in the course of constant improvement of the human body itself. as the main productive force ". In this development, hunting, as a form of work, played a decisive role. It was during this period that a person appreciated the advantages of new skills, vital movements, qualities of strength, endurance, speed.

Archeology and ethnography have provided an opportunity to trace the development of man, and hence physical culture, from ancient times. The results of scientific research allow us to conclude that from labor movements, vital actions, physical culture emerged into an almost independent type of human activity in the period from 40 to 25 millennia BC. The appearance of throwing weapons, and later on the bow, contributed to the need to prepare food miners, warriors, to develop and improve, even then, in the Stone Age, by the emerging systems of physical education, motor qualities as a guarantee of successful hunting, protection from the enemy, etc.

It is also interesting that many peoples have traditions and customs of using physical culture, its upbringing component in initiation rituals when moving from one age group to another. For example, young men were not allowed to marry until certain tests were completed, and girls were not allowed to marry until they proved their fitness for independent life.

Thus, on one of the islands of the New Hybrids archipelago, holidays were held annually, culminating in "jumping from a tower" on land (L. Kuhn). A participant in this competition, to whose ankles a fixed rope of vines was tied, flies upside down from a height of 30 m. When the head almost touches the ground, elastic vines contract and throw the person up, and he smoothly lands on his feet. In those distant times, those who did not pass this test were not allowed to the initiation rite, could not appear in public.

The physical culture of the primitive period, developing stamina, strong will, physical training of each member of the tribe, brought up a sense of community in the tribesmen in protecting their interests.

Of particular interest is the physical culture of Ancient Greece, where "those who could not read, write and swim were considered illiterate" (Ageevets V.U., 1983), physical education in the ancient Greek states of Sparta and Athens, where gymnastics, fencing, horseback riding were taught , swimming, running from the age of 7, wrestling and fistfighting from the age of 15.

An example characterizing the level of development of physical culture in these states was the organization and holding of the Olympic Games.

The great people of antiquity known to the whole world were also great athletes: the philosopher Plato is a fist fighter, the mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras is the Olympic champion, Hippocrates is a swimmer, a wrestler.

All peoples had mythical heroes with supernatural physical and spiritual abilities: Hercules and Achilles - among the Greeks, Gilgamez - among the Babylonians, Samson - among the Jews, Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich - among the Slavs. People, glorifying their feats, victories in competitions, the fight against evil and the forces of nature, strove to be healthy, strong, skillful and hardworking themselves, which, naturally, was reflected in the peculiarities of education, physical education, and physical culture.

It makes sense to emphasize the importance of physical culture for the Greeks with the words of the great Aristotle: "Nothing depletes and destroys a person like prolonged physical inactivity."

Military physical education is characteristic of the Middle Ages. The warrior-knight had to master seven knightly valor: horseback riding, fencing, archery, swimming, hunting, playing chess and the ability to write poetry.

The greatest development in capitalist society was achieved by sport as an integral part of physical culture.

Various forms of physical exercise have long been known to the Russian people. Games, swimming, skiing, wrestling, fistfights, horseback riding and hunting were widespread already in Ancient Russia. Various games were also widely used: rounders, small towns, grandmas, leapfrog and many others.

The physical culture of the Russian people was distinguished by great originality and originality. In physical exercises, common among Russians in the 13th-16th centuries, their military and paramilitary character was clearly expressed. Horseback riding, archery, and obstacle course were favorite folk entertainments in Russia. Fist fights were also widespread, and for a long time (up to the beginning of the 20th century) played an important role as one of the main folk original forms of physical education.

Cross-country skiing, skating and sledding, etc. were very popular among Russians. One of the original means of physical education was hunting, which served not only for hunting purposes, but also to show their dexterity and fearlessness (for example, hunting a bear with a spear).

Tempering was carried out in Russia in an extremely peculiar way. It is a well-known Russian custom to pour cold water or wipe off with snow immediately after being in a hot bath. Valuable original types of physical exercises were also widespread among other peoples that became part of the multinational Russian state created later.

The emergence and strengthening of the noble empire of Peter I (XVIII century) affected to a certain extent the state influence on the development of physical culture. This affected, first of all, the combat training of troops, physical education in educational institutions and partly the education of the nobility.

It was during the era of the reforms of Peter I that physical exercises were first used in Russia in the system of training soldiers and officers. At the same time, physical exercises, mainly fencing and horse riding, were introduced as an academic discipline at the Moscow School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences (1701), at the Maritime Academy and other educational institutions. Under Peter I, physical exercises were also introduced in civilian gymnasiums, rowing and sailing for young people were organized. These measures were the first steps of the state in the direction of physical culture.

In the future, physical exercises are increasingly used in educational institutions, and especially in the system of military education. Much credit for this belongs to the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov.

In the second half of the XIX century. among young people, modern sport begins to develop in the form of sports circles and clubs. The first gymnastic and sports societies and clubs appear. In 1897, the first football team was created in St. Petersburg, and in 1911 the All-Russian Football Union was organized, which united 52 clubs.

At the beginning of the XX century. in St. Petersburg there were sports societies: "Mayak", "Bogatyr". By 1917, various sports organizations and clubs united a fairly large number of amateur athletes. However, there were no conditions for the development of mass sports. Therefore, in the conditions of pre-revolutionary Russia, individual athletes managed to show international-class results only thanks to their natural data and the perseverance with which they trained. They are well known to everyone - Poddubny, Zaikin, Eliseev, etc.

With the advent of Soviet power, in pursuit of the goal of mass military training of workers and the education of physically hardened soldiers of the army, in April 1918 the Decree on the Organization of General Military Training (Universal Education) was adopted. In a short time, 2 thousand sports grounds were built. In 1918, the country's first IFC was organized in Moscow and Leningrad. The question of strengthening the state forms of management of physical culture and sports work in the country arose sharply. On July 27, 1923, the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR on the organization of scientific, educational and organizational work in physical education was issued.

The resolution of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) "On the tasks of the party in the field of physical culture", adopted on July 13, 1925, was a program for the development of physical culture movement in the new conditions of a socialist society. The decree defined the essence of physical culture and its place in the Soviet state, emphasized its educational value, indicated the need to involve broad masses of workers, peasants, and students in the physical culture movement.

In honor of the 10th anniversary of physical culture in the USSR (counting from the moment the Universal Education was organized) in 1928, the All-Union Spartakiad was held, attracting over 7 thousand participants.

In 1931-1932. The physical culture complex "Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR", developed by a special commission of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture at the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, was introduced. Over the years of the complex's existence, more than 2.5 million people have passed its standards. In 1939, a new improved TRP complex was introduced and in the same year an annual holiday was established - the All-Union Day of the Athlete. The state policy was aimed at the development of mass tourism. Sections of tourism, mountaineering - rock climbing and later sport orienteering were in the post-war years in almost every educational institution, at enterprises, factories. The club system began to develop. Tourist clubs have become methodological and educational centers. The clubs trained instructors, coaches, section leaders. It should be said that the first tourist club in the USSR was organized in the city of Rostov-on-Don in 1937. It was a universal club, which united lovers of all types of travel. The premises of the club were very modest. It was located in two large rooms. This is how the magazine "On Land and Sea" wrote about the plans of the club:

“Here tourists have the opportunity to exchange experience in work, discuss plans for their travels, get advice and organize training in tourism techniques. Undoubtedly, the form of club-tourist work will fully and completely justify itself.

On the walls of the rooms there is a methodological, consulting and reference material on all types of amateur tourism. There is a climber, water driver, cyclist and pedestrian corner.

Where can you go in the summer, where and how to spend your day off? Dozens of itinerary posters answer this question. The club has sections: walking, water, cycling and climbing.

In the near future, geography, local history and photo circles will be organized. The club held a consultation on how to organize tourist and excursion work at the enterprise, and lectures with transparencies about Kazbek and Elbrus.

It is planned to organize evenings of meetings of tourist activists and to hold a number of mass consultations on tourism for factory workers' committees and voluntary sports societies. "

Until the Great Patriotic War, the Rostov tourist club remained the only one in the country. After the war, it was reorganized in October 1961.

During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet athletes contributed to the victory over the enemy. A number of athletes were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Skiers and swimmers provided invaluable assistance to the Soviet Army.

In 1957 there were more than 1,500 stadiums, more than 5 thousand sports grounds, about 7 thousand gymnasiums, the stadium named after V.I. IN AND. Lenin in Luzhniki, etc.

After 1948, the athletes of the USSR over 5 thousand times updated all-Union records almost a thousand times - world records. The Spartakiads of the peoples of the USSR that took place played an important role.

International ties in sports are expanding every year. We are members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Council for Physical Education and Sports (SIPS), the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) and many others, members of the International Federation for 63 sports.

The Russian Student Sports Union (RCCU) was established in 1993. At present, the RCCS is recognized as a single body for the management of student sports in the Russian Federation in higher education. Ministries and departments that are in charge of higher educational institutions, the Russian State Committee for Physical Culture and Tourism, RCCS actively cooperate with the Russian Olympic Committee, being its member, with government bodies, and various youth organizations. RCCS joined the International University Sports Federation (FISU), takes an active part in all its events.

RCCS unites sports clubs, various physical culture organizations of more than 600 higher and 2500 secondary specialized educational institutions of the country. In the structure of the RCCS, regional bodies for the management of student sports have been created. For sports activities, students are provided with gyms, stadiums, swimming pools, ski resorts, sports grounds of higher and secondary educational institutions. To organize summer recreation, 290 sports and health camps function at universities. About 10 thousand specialists conduct regular physical culture and sports classes with students. More than 50 kinds of sports are cultivated in higher educational institutions of Russia, the most popular of which are basketball, athletics, cross-country skiing, volleyball, football, table tennis, tourism, chess, orienteering.

The Russian Student Sports Union annually organizes national and regional championships in sports included in the programs of the World Universiades and the World Championships among students. In many sports, students make up the majority of the Russian national teams and take part in the European, World and Olympic Championships. RCCS is the legal successor of the abolished student DSO "Burevestnik", continues its ideas and traditions. In the near future, it is planned to hold winter and summer All-Russian Universiades, regularly publish its own newspaper, create a fund for the development of student sports, issue student sports lotteries and other events aimed at implementing statutory tasks.

The role of physical education and higher educational institutions is increasing. Its tasks: upbringing students' strong-willed and physical qualities, consciousness, preparation for work and defense of the Motherland; preservation and strengthening of health; vocationally applied physical training, taking into account future work activities; the acquisition by students of the necessary knowledge on the basics of the theory, methodology and organization of physical education and sports training; training to work as community sports instructors and judges; improving the sports skills of students. Classes are held throughout the theoretical training in all courses.