What types of peels are used in modern cosmetology. Skin cleansing and exfoliation

Facial peeling is the most popular and affordable procedure aimed at cleansing and rejuvenating the skin. The technique is considered basic care and is recommended for almost any woman after 18 years of age. As a result of exfoliation, the face acquires an even tone, smoothness and radiance, the relief is leveled, and tissue elasticity increases. For young girls, the procedure helps to get rid of acne and post-acne, reduces sebum secretion, and narrows pores.

What is facial peeling for?

Skin exfoliation is one of the five most effective and popular aesthetic cosmetology procedures today. The prevalence of the technique is explained by its availability, ease of implementation, low price and excellent results.

Any kind of exfoliation thins the dermis layer and makes it easier to access deep levels, making peeling an ideal option to prepare for more complex treatments.

In addition, exfoliation activates the production of collagen and elastin, accelerates tissue regeneration, moisturizes and rejuvenates the skin. Removal of the upper or middle layers of the dermis helps to get rid of comedones, age spots, scars and scars, whitens and refreshes the face. Proper selection of exfoliants allows you to solve many problems of both oily youthful and dry aging skin.

And if the use of superficial peels, sufficient to moisturize and cleanse the young dermis, requires only following the protocol and high-quality preparations, then medium, and even deeper peels need an individual approach. Proper use of such peelings allows you to achieve a real anti-age effect, comparable to plastic surgery.

Pros and cons of the procedure, what is useful and when it can be harmful

Since ancient times, women have tried to restore beauty and youth in all sorts of ways - they burned the skin with vinegar or acid solutions, scraped off the dermis layer with special spoons with sharp edges, and did a lot of other traumatic and painful procedures. As a result, many patients of beauty clinics, instead of rejuvenation, acquired a permanently disfigured face.

Removal of the top layer of the skin became safe and effective only after doctors learned to control the depth of exposure and prevent the development of complications.

So, how peeling is useful and what problems it solves:

• acne I-II degree;
• initial signs of aging (facial wrinkles, flaccidity of tissues, dull complexion);
• uneven terrain;
• pigmented formations (spots, melasma, post-traumatic pigmentation);
• skin diseases (dermatitis, eczema, solar keratosis);
• rosacea and rosacea;
• oily dermis with comedones, enlarged pores;
• congestive spots, post-acne, scars and scars.

All types of exfoliation are performed in a course consisting of 4-10 sessions with an interval between them from 7 to 28 days. As for the age limits, some peels, if there are indications, can be done from the age of 18.

Despite these wonderful properties, exfoliation is not for everyone. For women with dark skin, the procedure will do more harm than good. Women with allergic, sensitive dermis and those who are planning a pregnancy should be more careful about exfoliation.

The disadvantages include the seasonality of exfoliation. Most exfoliations are forbidden during spring and summer when solar activity is at its highest. The procedure will not help with pronounced age-related changes (ptosis, double chin, large excess skin).

What are the contraindications

When going for a peeling, even the most gentle and superficial, you should remember the warnings. This will help to avoid adverse reactions and get the best effect from the manipulation.

General contraindications to all types of peeling:

• open wounds in the treatment area;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• fresh tan;
• oncology;
• neurological diseases (epilepsy);
• predisposition to scarring;
• hypersensitivity to exfoliant components;
• herpes virus in the acute stage;
• demodicosis;
• fever.

When going to, pay attention to the condition of the liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system. The procedure is very traumatic, so it is recommended to undergo a full medical examination in advance.

Classification of peelings according to the depth of exposure

In cosmetology, all exfoliations are usually grouped according to the depth of exposure.

Surface

This is the safest and least traumatic type of exfoliation. Surface peeling of the face works at the level of the stratum corneum and granular layers of the epidermis. It is carried out with the help of fruit acids (mandelic, lactic, glycolic), salicylic and retinoic enzymes.

Superficial exfoliation is suitable for young skin with few problems in need of cleansing and moisturizing.

The procedure can be carried out both at the beautician's and at home - depending on the concentration of the active substance. For a stable and long-lasting effect, several procedures are required.

Median

Median exfoliation affects the granular, spiny and basal layers of the epidermis. Causes profuse peeling and redness of the skin, requires a recovery period. The procedure is performed only in a beauty salon according to indications.

Peeling is recommended to combat age-related changes in the initial stage, eliminates pigmentation, acne and acne, reduces the severity of scars and post-acne. It is used in preparation for surgical plastic surgery. Do a medial exfoliation with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Jessner peel and 30% salicylic acid.

deep

The most traumatic and painful type of exfoliation. It reaches the hypodermis, is performed using chemical compounds or hardware techniques.

The procedure is performed only in a hospital under general anesthesia and in the presence of an anesthesiologist. It has a long rehabilitation period and many adverse reactions and contraindications.

Deep peeling is indicated for serious age-related changes and is a good alternative to surgery. The effect of its use lasts for several years.

Prominent representatives of this group are TCA in 30% concentration.

Popular types of facial peeling in cosmetology

Today, there are many options for facial peeling - acid exfoliation, hardware exfoliation, mechanical dermabrasion. The chemical technique is considered the most popular, since the manipulation does not require expensive equipment, is affordable and can be easily performed at home.

Recently, representatives of the stronger sex are increasingly resorting to the procedure for cleansing the skin. The most masculine types of exfoliation are: Jessner peel, salicylic, retinoic (yellow) and mechanical.

Almond

The softest and most gentle exfoliation. Suitable for ladies with delicate, sensitive skin. Perfectly cleanses the face, reduces oiliness, tightens pores, has an antibacterial effect.

Almond peeling is all-weather, practically does not peel and does not require a recovery period. Often used to prepare the skin for medium or deep exfoliation.

Lactic

Another summer option for facial cleansing. The main purpose of peeling is to moisturize and improve skin elasticity. Suitable for dry, sensitive and dehydrated skin with the first signs of aging.

Lactic acid is usually used in combination with other chemical enzymes.

Glycolic

Used in various concentrations. Moreover, the richer the composition of the peel, the more serious problems the procedure can solve.

Exfoliant 30% is required for girls with oily skin, blackheads and post-acne. A 70% solution has a more significant effect on the dermis - it eliminates mimic wrinkles and pigmentation, moisturizes and rejuvenates, and copes with stagnant spots and scars.

Salicylic

Refers to the procedures of median impact. Recommended for oily problematic dermis with acne, blackheads and post-acne.

Salicylic acid is able to penetrate into the mouths of the sebaceous glands, accumulate in them and prevent further acne breakouts. In addition, the exfoliant perfectly disinfects the skin, destroys bacteria, relieves inflammation and dries.

Retinoic

Yellow peeling is indicated for sluggish and aging skin, pigmentation, post-acne, acne. Retinoic acid accelerates cell regeneration, improves complexion, whitens and evens out tone.

The recovery period after the procedure lasts 5-7 days. The effect of renewal and rejuvenation lasts up to 4 months, but you should be more careful with this peeling - the exfoliant often causes allergies and dries the skin.

TCA peel

Exfoliation with trichloroacetic acid is done in-salon only. A low concentration (10-15%) of the solution acts on the upper layers of the epidermis, a more saturated enzyme (25-30%) is used for midline exfoliation.

TCA peeling is performed with a decrease in the elasticity and tone of the dermis, the appearance of the first wrinkles in the forehead and mouth, and excess skin. The procedure brightens and evens out the tone, eliminates freckles and age spots.

The recovery period after exposure to trichloroacetic acid lasts at least a month.

The combined exfoliant, consisting of salicylic and lactic acids with the addition of resorcinol, penetrates deep into the dermis and has a moisturizing and pronounced antiseptic effect. The procedure perfectly rejuvenates and restores tissues.

Peeling causes severe peeling and redness of the skin. This should be taken into account when going to the procedure. It will be very difficult to hide such shortcomings.

gas-liquid

The technique gently exfoliates the epidermis, does not cause irritation and does not require long-term rehabilitation. Cleaning is carried out with a special mixture of abrasive and vitamins sprayed onto the face under high pressure.

Peeling perfectly cleans pores, knocking out sebaceous plugs from them, moisturizes and saturates tissues with oxygen.

Ultrasonic

Ultrasonic exfoliation is performed with a special apparatus - a scrubber. The device, sending waves, not only cleanses the skin of pollution, but also has a massage effect on the deep layers of the dermis. As a result, blood circulation improves, the removal of toxins and toxins is accelerated, and collagen production is activated.

Peeling does not require a long recovery. Usually all traces of manipulation disappear the next day.

Laser (carbon)

With this cleaning method, a carboxylic acid-based composition is applied to the face, which is then heated with a laser. As a result, intensive tissue detoxification occurs.

Before the procedure, make sure that you are not allergic to carbon, otherwise peeling can lead to unpredictable consequences.

Diamond

Diamond resurfacing or microdermabrasion helps to get rid of small wrinkles, age spots, post-acne and scars. Gentle exfoliation of the stratum corneum does not damage the skin and is considered one of the safest mechanical peels.

Rare species

In addition to well-known and popular techniques, there are less common types of exfoliation.

Facial peeling with Achatina snails

Cleansing the skin with snails belongs to the category of rare, so-called live peels. The procedure has a triple effect: cleanses, tightens and improves blood circulation. Crawling across the face, Achatina eat dead cells, massage the dermis and saturate the tissues with nutrients. You can rejuvenate in this way not only in the salon, but also at home.

Ozone

The oxygen exfoliation system is considered one of the best rejuvenation techniques in the world. Already after the first procedure, the skin is moisturized, brightened and visibly tightened. The released oxygen destroys many bacteria, improves tissue metabolism and increases local immunity.

Peptide

Peptide peeling has a pronounced rejuvenating effect on the skin and is especially recommended for women over 35–40 years old. The procedure causes cell renewal in all layers of the dermis, increases firmness and elasticity of tissues, and corrects the oval of the face.

Brazilian

Brazilian peeling refers to mechanical cleanings. The procedure is performed with a composition of coral powder, essential oils, Dead Sea salts and herbal mixture, which has healing properties.

Exfoliation does not cause allergies and irritation, it is well tolerated by women with thin and sensitive skin.

Alkaline

Alkaline exfoliants are suitable for ladies with a delicate dermis that does not tolerate the aggressive influence of acids. The procedure is especially good for sensitive skin with rosacea. After applying the drug, fats are quickly saponified, as a result of which the keratinized layer of cells is evenly destroyed without injuring the underlying tissues.

Choosing the type of peeling based on age, skin type and existing problems

The choice of cleansing procedure depends on the age of the woman, the condition of the dermis and the goals pursued. For example, up to 25 years, soft peels are more suitable - almond, enzyme or salicylic. Closer to 30 years, look for glycolic, retinoic or TCA. After 40 years, peeling with 30% trichloroacetic acid or phenol is indicated.

If you approach the choice of exfoliants from the point of view of the skin, then fruit exfoliation is more suitable for oily and problematic dermis, and an age-related, sluggish and tired face will be happy with glycolic peeling. Well, the ideal choice for any occasion will be almond and milk procedures.

Top best professional facial peels

Today there is a huge variety of all kinds of exfoliants, in which it is not surprising to get confused. To facilitate the choice and navigate the drugs, we will rank the most effective and popular.

Name of the exfoliant	Peculiarities	Cost, rub. for January 2018	Instant lifting Promoitalia PQAge (Pikyuage)	The procedure is aimed at biorevitalization of the face, neck and décolleté. Gently exfoliates, deeply moisturizes and regenerates the dermis.	Bottle 3 ml - 5200 rubles.	Jojoba Exfoliant Jojoba Peeling Cream Dr.Spiller	Professional peeling cream for all skin types, including sensitive ones. Reduces sebum secretion, improves blood circulation, rejuvenates.	Bottle 50 ml - 2400 rubles.	Cranberry exfoliant for mature skin Bark New Line	The drug corrects age-related changes, eliminates signs of photoaging and hyperkeratosis.	Bottle 100 ml - 1169 rubles.	Raspberry exfoliant for oily skin Bark New Line	Peeling is designed specifically for problematic, acne-prone skin. Evens tone, normalizes sebum secretion, reduces the severity of wrinkles, has an antibacterial effect.	Bottle 100 ml - 1059 rubles.	Nightly micropeeling, Kiehl's Nightly refining micro-peel concentrate	Evens out the relief, absorbs well, brightens and refreshes the face. Not suitable for sensitive skin.	Bottle 150 ml - 4130 rubles.	DermaQuest C-Infusion Gel Peeling	All-season exfoliant with vitamin C and a pronounced lifting effect. Recommended for aging dermis, ideal for men's skin care as a shaving gel.	Bottle 473 ml - 7193 rubles.	DermaQuest Pumpkin Pulp Exfoliant	The drug is designed for oily and combination dermis. Cleanses, dissolves black spots and sebaceous plugs, eliminates acne, has a sebum-regulating effect.	Bottle 118 ml - 15670 rubles.	Bio Phyto Peeling Enriched Christina	Herbal mask of diverse effects. It has a cosmetic and therapeutic effect. It improves blood circulation, strengthens blood vessels, saturates tissues with oxygen, enhances the effect of other means.	Bottle 150 ml - 6764 rubles.

We reviewed the newest and most interesting of modern peels. They should be done in the cabin, as many require neutralization. With independent use, it is desirable to have the skills of practical cosmetology or to have at least a little experience in carrying out such manipulations.

Skin care after the procedure

Facial care after superficial and medium peels is basically the same. In the early days, it is necessary to actively moisturize and protect the irritated dermis, protect it from sunlight, wind and frost.

When performing post-peel care at home, be sure to follow all the recommendations of the beautician. This will reduce the risk of side effects and improve the outcome.

A universal recovery method includes applying a regulating and anti-inflammatory cream 2-3 times a day, as well as daily use of moisturizing and nourishing masks. They can be purchased at a specialized store or prepared independently.

From professional post-peel care products, it is recommended to try the Deeply moisturizing cream-mask from New Line, Lipacid masks from GIGI and Rose de Mer Peel & Renew from Christina.

A good recovery effect is given by homemade moisturizing masks made from mashed banana with grape seed oil or a solution of vitamins E and A. A mixture of fresh cottage cheese and yolk quickly restores the hydrobalance of tissues. This composition perfectly soothes irritated dermis and relieves inflammation.

For washing, you can use ordinary, slightly acidified water or an infusion of medicinal herbs.

The Best Homemade Facial Peeling Recipes Based on Age and Skin Type

At home, acid or mechanical peels are most often performed. Solutions for their implementation can be bought at a pharmacy or a specialized store. Well, the most cautious can use natural peels based on folk remedies. The result from their use will, of course, not be as pronounced as from salon exfoliation, but homemade mixtures are harmless and suitable even for pregnant women.

For additional treatment of the skin between peeling procedures, use a mulberry mitt. Such a mitten will not only cleanse the face of dirt and flakes, but also give it a light massage.

Dry skin

For dehydrated and sensitive dermis, rice peeling is suitable. This procedure has long been part of the spa care of all Eastern women. To prepare the mask, combine rice powder with honey and ground oatmeal. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and apply on a pre-steamed face. Do a light massage using a peeling mitt. Wash off after 20 minutes.

To enhance the effect, replace oatmeal with semolina or sugar.

For a young dry-type dermis, Oriflame's NovAge two-phase acid complex is ideal.

Oily skin

Berry peels work well on oily skin. They perfectly eliminate greasiness, narrow and clean pores.

Any sour fruits are suitable for the mask - raspberries, lingonberries, strawberries, cherries. Mash them to a puree state and apply a thick layer on the face. After 15-20 minutes, massage the skin and wash your face.

A mixture of salt and soda in equal parts will help get rid of black dots. Apply the composition on the face and carefully massage the problem areas - forehead, wings of the nose, chin. Wash off with cool, acidified water.

Combined type

Skin of this type responds well to masks made from fermented milk products. Pour yogurt or yogurt into a bowl, soak gauze in the liquid and apply a compress on your face. Wash your face after 10 minutes.

Not bad cleanses the combined dermis peeling-roll of calcium chloride. Apply the solution for injection to the skin and cover with soapy foam. Massage the mixture until pellets appear, rinse. After the procedure, use a moisturizer.

Problem skin

To eliminate inflammatory processes, reduce pustules and accelerate tissue healing, use pearl peeling with aloe juice. Combine the ingredients in equal parts and apply on the face. Shake off the dried composition or wash it off.

Get rid of stagnant spots and post-acne marks, mixed with hydrogen peroxide or cream (for sensitive dermis).

After 30 years

At this age, the first wrinkles appear, the skin loses moisture and elasticity. Cinnamon will help improve blood circulation and nutrition in the tissues.

To prepare peeling, take:

• lemon juice - 1 tbsp. l.;
• cinnamon powder - ½ tsp;
• kefir - 2 tbsp. l.

Mix the ingredients and apply a thick layer on the face. Do a massage, wash your face after 20 minutes.

For dry and sensitive dermis, replace kefir with sour cream or cream.

After 40 years

It is at this age that a woman begins to feel the influence of hormones. The skin becomes dry and thin, covered with a network of wrinkles. A honey scrub will help improve blood circulation in the tissues and nourish them. Massage your face with a clean product or mix a sweet cleanser with your coffee.

After 45 years

Mature skin becomes more and more flabby and sluggish, loses its tone and sags. Peeling of coffee grounds with sour cream or cream in a ratio of 1: 1 is able to restore elasticity and moisturize the tissues. Mix the mixture thoroughly and apply on the face, rub gently. Leave for 5-10 minutes, wash your face.

After 50 years

At this age, the dermis needs not only enhanced nutrition and hydration, but also careful handling, so exfoliating products should be soft, and movements should be gentle and calm. For the best effect, take a steam bath before peeling.

Scrub recipes for mature skin:

1. Butter and sugar - mix a spoonful of sugar with almond or sea buckthorn oil.
2. Apricot Salt Scrub - Add apricot kernel oil and a few drops of vitamin E to crushed sea salt.

Do not apply scrub around the eyes, avoid massaging moles and warts. Prepare a fresh formulation before each use.

Answers on questions

How often can face peeling be done by a beautician and at home?

The frequency of use of professional products is set by a specialist, based on the depth of penetration of the compositions and the condition of the patient's skin. In general, acid exfoliation is carried out in a course no more than once every 12 months.

At home, the frequency of cleansing depends on the type of skin:

• dry - no more than 1 time in 10-14 days;
• oily and mixed - once every 5-7 days;
• normal - once a week.

In any case, you should not get too carried away with cleansing procedures. You can overdry the dermis, which will lead to its irritation and inflammation.

What kind of peeling is suitable for the skin around the eyes?

The area around the eyes is the most vulnerable area on the face, so the usual peeling on the eyelids and infraorbital area is not applied. For this purpose, special tools have been developed, for example, the Italian exfoliant ENERPEEL EL. The product is hypoallergenic, perfectly improves the elasticity of the epidermis, rejuvenates and moisturizes.

At what time of the year can you do a chemical peeling of the face with a beautician?

After exfoliation, especially acid exfoliation, the skin becomes susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, so they try to perform the procedure in winter. But there are a number of all-season peels that can be performed throughout the year - these are almond, milk and alkaline exfoliation, snail cleansing. The only condition is that post-peeling care should include sunscreen.

What facial peel is better after 45 years?

At this age, the withering of tissues can no longer be hidden by cosmetics. To help tired and toneless skin can only deep exfoliation - laser resurfacing or peeling with carbolic acid. The last method is the most effective, but has many contraindications.

Recommend an effective face peel without skin peeling

Usually, mild superficial exfoliations do not cause peeling - glycolic, milky, almond. Alkaline exposure and facial cleansing with Achatina pass without a trace.

Literally a century ago, it was believed that simply washing with cool water is enough to give the skin a feeling of cleanliness and freshness.

Since then, a lot has changed, from the rapidly developing cosmetology, which has given humanity a huge amount of a wide variety of cosmetics, ending with the environment, which has deteriorated greatly over the past century, which, no doubt, affects the health and youth of human skin.

However, even today, many are fully convinced that the usual washing with water and wiping the skin with tonic can make the skin clean and fresh. In principle, if we are talking about care for every day, then this is quite enough, however, from time to time, it is still extremely important to exfoliate the skin of the face. What it is?

Let's figure it out. In fact, you have probably come across this concept more than once, but simply did not know what it is called from the point of view of science. And here it is: exfoliation is a process of deep cleansing of the skin from the outer keratinized layer of cells.

Thanks to such procedures, the skin is cleansed, gets rid of various roughness and irregularities, begins to breathe, the pores open, and the surface becomes smooth and velvety.

It is believed that the first exfoliation procedures were carried out in ancient Egypt, in those days, alabaster and pumice stone were used to get rid of skin imperfections. Over time, many methods have been developed for cleansing the surface layer of the skin, using various kinds of exfoliants or, as we used to call them, peelings.

Such procedures are especially important for older people, in whom the cells on the skin surface are no longer so “active”, which means that it becomes much more difficult for young cells to “break through” through the stratum corneum to the surface. Usually, various kinds of peelings are recommended for people over 40 years old, as well as for those who have too oily skin.

Kinds

All peels are divided into two main groups - mechanical and chemical effects. Mechanical exfoliants, or better known as scrubs, act on the top layer of the skin and cleanse it with scrub particles, which, in turn, are divided into natural and artificial.

Such scrubs, one might say, “physically” erase the keratinized surface of the skin without any side effects.

It should be emphasized that the rule “the more natural, the better” does not apply here; in the case of facial peeling, scrubs with the addition of non-natural exfoliants should still be preferred.

They have an almost perfect spherical shape, thanks to which they literally “roll up” under dead scales and literally break off, but the process is very delicate and gentle compared to their “natural counterparts”. Chemical exfoliants remove dead cells by dissolving their outer cell membranes.

When used correctly, they are completely safe, since at small dosages they do not penetrate too deep into the surface of the skin, but only affect the uppermost layers.

This is usually due to the presence of fruit components in them: fruit or AHA acids. Sometimes, to achieve the desired effect in chemical peels, enzymes are used, for example, kiwi or papaya, which “eat” dead protein, due to which the stratum corneum is dissolved.

How is it happening?

In order for the procedure to be carried out correctly and bring the desired effect, the skin of the face must first be thoroughly cleaned: for this you need to wash and then wipe your face with a tonic.

Only after that you can proceed to the deep cleansing procedure: an exfoliant is applied to the skin, the volume of which may vary depending on its texture. For example, if it is very light, then it may have to be applied twice or even three times, but if it is a thick enough cream, then one good layer may be enough.

The application is made in circular motions along the massage lines, the area around the eyes should be avoided. Peeling on the face must be delayed for at least 3-5 minutes, since instant cleansing cannot occur. After the required time has elapsed, the face must be thoroughly washed with water, and then wiped with tonic again.

The frequency of such procedures may vary depending on the condition of the skin, but, in general, it should not be carried out more than 1 time per week. Too much use of exfoliants can lead to excessive stimulation of the sebaceous glands, as a result of which you are more likely to achieve the opposite effect.

In addition to home procedures, salons can carry out medium and deep chemical peels, which have a rather sharp effect on the epidermis. You can trust such procedures only to professional dermatologists who have special licenses for this.

Depending on the age of the person, a certain type of exfoliation is prescribed, some of them can be quite painful and have minor consequences in the form of temporary burning, redness or slight swelling.

There are different types of peels for facial skin, which have different effects and indications. However, they have one thing in common - an effective exfoliating action that promotes rejuvenation and improves appearance.

What is peeling

Facial skin is especially prone to aging, which is why caring for it is so important. The use of masks and creams helps maintain its condition, but does not prevent wilting. But, there are several more radical ways to restore skin that has been influenced by age and the environment. One of the most sought after cosmetic services to renew the dermis is peeling.

What is the essence of the method? This is a facial cleansing to remove the dead skin layer. This procedure is called exfoliation. During its implementation, the top layer of the skin is exposed to intense external influences. During the cleaning process, damage to the skin occurs. Exposed old cells begin to die. This stimulates the regenerative abilities of the cells hidden under the top layer of the epidermis. Their accelerated division contributes to the healing and renewal of the skin.

After exfoliating the dead layer, fresh skin is revealed, which has an increased absorbency. Moisture and oxygen are more easily absorbed and retained in the epithelium, which contributes to the normalization of nutrition, metabolic processes, and resistance to external negative influences.

In the post-peeling period, there is also an intensive production of elastin and collagen, which are necessary to maintain the elasticity of the dermis.

The effectiveness of peeling and indications for its implementation

Peeling helps to reduce the intensity of age-related changes, such as expression lines or deep wrinkles. Thanks to the restoration of the skin, their depth and severity are significantly reduced. Also, after the cleaning procedure, the regenerated skin layer gets rid of such defects as excessive pigmentation, scars or microscars left after acne. Cleansing the face helps to cleanse the pores and sebaceous glands, preventing the appearance of foci of inflammation and the rash of acne.

Various types of facial peels help keep the skin youthful, maintain its tone and health. The cleaning procedure is recommended for both dry and oily or normal skin. It can be done in the following cases:

• renewal of the skin;
• tightening of sagging skin;
• elimination of the effects of acne;
• removal of age spots.

The use of peeling will effectively eliminate these defects, provided that the procedure, as well as the rehabilitation period, pass in compliance with all the rules. To prevent complications, facial cleansing should be performed by a qualified specialist. Choose a salon that has not only an excellent reputation, but also certificates for cosmetic procedures.

ADVICE! It is recommended to start peeling cleaning not earlier than 18 years.

Contraindications and side effects

Since peeling is a rather traumatic procedure, there are several limitations for it. It is not recommended to carry it out under such conditions as:

• pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
• especially sensitive skin;
• the presence of herpes or acne, in the acute stage;
• wounds or abrasions on the face;
• individual intolerance, allergic reactions.

In case of violations, during the peeling and during the healing period, the manifestation of various complications is possible. It can be spider veins, hyperpigmentation or scarring of tissues, in place of burned or severely damaged skin.

Types of facial peels

There are several types of skin, each of which has its own defects. Dry skin ages faster, oily skin often suffers from various inflammations. Properly selected peeling helps to effectively solve these problems.

There is a special classification that helps to deal with many areas of peeling. It is distinguished by two parameters:

1. Method of carrying out. It depends on what means or devices are used for cleaning:

• mechanical, with abrasive substances;
• hardware, which is performed using instrumental technology;
• chemical, using acid-base compounds;
• thermal, is a high-temperature effect on the skin.

2. Depth of impact. There are the following types, according to the degree of impact on different layers of the skin:

• superficial, on the outer epithelial layer;
• median, acts in all layers of the epidermis, slightly affecting the upper layer of the dermis;
• deep, the deepest, affecting the stratum corneum of the epidermis.

Since the types of peels are very diverse, it can be quite difficult to choose a procedure for facial skin renewal on your own. In this case, it is better to consult a beautician. The specialist makes a selection, focusing on the individual characteristics of each client, taking into account existing defects, negative physiological changes and the functionality of the skin.

Mechanical peeling

The easiest way that is used to clean the face is the mechanical removal of the top layer of the skin, using abrasive products. This type of peeling is very popular because it can be performed both at home and in a beauty salon. Use this method for superficial cleansing of the face. With its help, remove surface impurities, smooth out minor wrinkles and refresh the skin.

Mechanical cleaning can be manual or hardware. Manual processing of leather can be easily done at home, using the following tools:

1. Scrub. This is a combined product that consists of a soft base (gel or creamy substance) and fine hard particles, with an abrasive effect.
2. Gommage. The composition has gentle cleansing properties, due to the rapid dissolution of soft abrasive elements, as well as fruit or lactic enzymes that promote nutrition and cellular regeneration.
3. Brossage (brushing). This cleaning is carried out with soft brushes made from natural raw materials, without additional products. When they rotate, exfoliation and massage of the upper layer of the skin occurs.
4. Salt peeling. The abrasive substance, with this method of cleaning, is sea or edible salt, enriched with micro and macro elements.
5. Film mask. This is a silicone composition that gradually hardens after application to the face.
6. Coral sanding. In this product, the abrasive is dust, which is made from corals at different stages of their growth.

Mechanical peeling does not require special preparation. It is carried out after the removal of decorative cosmetics and external sweat-fat contamination.

NOTE! Brossazh can be performed both manually and by hardware.

Hardware peeling

The use of some types of peeling in cosmetology requires the use of special devices. Such procedures can only be done in a beauty salon in order to completely eliminate the negative consequences for the skin of the face.

Microcrystalline dermabrasion

Peeling is carried out using Peel Professional, MS-07, EASY PeelTM devices. The abrasive substance, with this method, are:

• alumina or magnesium oxide powder;
• baking soda;
• salt;
• crushed fruit pit powder;
• diamond dust.

Microparticles directed at the skin under high pressure polish its surface. The procedure is quite gentle and does not cause pain, so it does not require anesthesia. It allows you to effectively treat the top layer of the skin, removing dead skin cells and smoothing the surface. This method is unique in that it can be used for women who have sensitive skin or allergic reactions to the constituent parts of other peels.

Microcrystalline cleaning does not have a special traumatic effect. But, to achieve the full effect, it must be carried out in a full course, which can consist of 3-12 procedures.

Ultrasonic peeling

With this method, exfoliation is carried out under the influence of ultrasound. The sound waves penetrate the skin through the water barrier applied to the face before starting the treatment, creating micro jets. High-frequency acoustic vibrations interrupt intercellular connections in the epithelium, removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, opening pores and providing moisture.

Ultrasonic cleaning refers to delicate types of peeling. It does not injure the epidermal integument, and the procedure can be performed quite often (2 times a month). Ultrasonic micromassage is performed in a pulsed mode. This stimulates the synthesis of its own collagen, which smoothes and tightens the skin on the face.

INTERESTING! For ultrasonic peeling, thermal water or special solutions enriched with useful substances are used.

Vacuum peeling

Facial cleansing, using a vacuum machine with negative pressure, is indicated for oily or mature skin. The vacuum peeling device is equipped with removable nozzles that can perform the following actions:

• opening pores, to remove sebaceous plugs and blackheads;
• smoothing wrinkles;
• smoothing of the epidermis.

Under the influence of vacuum, the nozzle is attracted to the face, pulling out various impurities from the pores. The vacuum apparatus allows not only to treat the skin, but also conducts a drainage massage that stimulates the circulation and outflow of lymphatic fluid.

Laser peeling

One of the most modern methods of cleansing and renewing all layers of the skin. The impact is made using a laser beam that penetrates to a predetermined depth. The laser pulse evaporates some of the cells, triggering enhanced regeneration of the skin.

The process of photothermolysis contributes to the complete renewal and rejuvenation of the face, due to intensive regenerative processes. There are several ways of laser peeling, with their own characteristics:

1. Carbon dioxide carbon peeling, which is performed through a nano-helium mask. Warms up the skin to correct imperfections such as moles, warts, scars and scar tissue.
2. Erbium cold peeling. It is used on thin fabrics, for delicate treatment around the eyes, in the neck and décolleté area.
3. Fractional thermal peeling. It produces a point high-temperature effect, bringing the skin into a state of thermal shock. Helps to correct defects of any complexity.

Laser cleaning is the most traumatic method of treatment, with a long rehabilitation period and the risk of various complications. But, if the procedure is carried out qualitatively, its action lasts for a long time, up to several years.

Chemical peel and its types

Skin cleansing, performed using various acid-base agents and preparations, is called chemical peeling. When applied to the skin, a burn occurs, which provokes emergency tissue repair. Cell regeneration contributes to the renewal of the entire skin structure and corrects such defects as:

• scars and scars (after acne or mechanical damage);
• excessive pigmentation, skin formations (warts, moles);
• enlarged pores.

The dry cleansing procedure evens out the surface of the skin, refreshes it and gives it a healthy color and appearance. In modern cosmetology, there are a number of chemical types of peels that are used for different types of facial skin, and are also designed to deal with various skin problems:

1. Yellow retinol treatment. Synthesized retinoic acid, an analogue of vitamin A, is used here. The use of retinoic peeling does not damage living cells, but stimulates metabolic processes, retains moisture and restores tissues.
2. Salicylic peel. Effective for problematic oily skin, with acne and focal inflammation.
3. Glycoic acid. It helps to remove the stratum corneum, making the skin thinner and fresher.
4. Almond cleaning. As an active substance, an extract from bitter almonds is used. This is the most effective way to deal with scar tissue and similar skin imperfections.
5. TCA peel. A drug based on trichloroacetic acid.
6. ANA peeling. The product consists of natural fruit acids or lactic acid. Use it for dry, as well as normal skin, not prone to problems.
7. Deep phenol cleaning. It is carried out by a means based on carbolic acid.
8. Enzymatic and natural peels. This is a biological enzymatic cleaning. It is carried out with the help of biologically active enzymes produced in the body of animals, in plant or bacterial sources. Under the influence of enzymes, proteins break down, which leads to easy exfoliation of the stratum corneum.

Means for chemical peeling are used for both superficial and median, or deep cleaning. They are more economical than some types of hardware cleaning, but are not inferior to them in efficiency.

IMPORTANT! Chemical peeling can only be carried out in the salon, as its improper use leads to burns. This entails subsequent irreversible defects, in the form of scars or scar tissue.

Peeling choice

Peeling can not only cleanse the skin, but also damage it if the requirements for the procedure are violated, or rehabilitation measures are not followed. To choose the right procedure for cleaning the skin, you need to follow some recommendations:

• before you start cleansing your face, consult a qualified cosmetologist and dermatologist;
• when choosing peeling products, consider your skin type, as well as its individual characteristics and the presence of damage;
• check contraindications and follow exact recommendations for use.

All types of peelings for facial skin renew the cellular structure of the skin, causing intensive tissue regeneration. As a result, the skin becomes smoother, more elastic, radiant and healthy looking.

The choice of peeling depends on age-related changes, as well as existing problem areas and defects on the skin. At a young age, up to 25 years, it is recommended to use light mechanical means (scrubs and gommages), fruit chemical peels, brushing, ultrasonic cleaning.

Mature age is accompanied by more radical changes, so the skin can be restored with the help of more aggressive means. These include laser and deep chemical peels, vacuum treatment.

Facial cleansing cost

The cost of the procedure depends on the type of peeling. Also, the price is made up of such factors as the status of the salon in which the service is provided and the qualifications of the beautician.

Remember that quality service cannot be cheap. Do not save on the procedure, in order to avoid complications.

The most economical peeling can be done at home. This is a facial cleansing with scrubs and gommages, the price of which is affordable for any budget. Also, such products can be made independently, from such simple ingredients as coffee, salt, soda and similar abrasive substances.

In salons, the price of mechanical cleaning is from 1500 to 3000 rubles.

The cost of hardware peels depends on the type of procedure and the number of treatments. Ultrasonic and vacuum cleaning will cost 3,000-5,000 rubles per session, micropolishing - up to 2,500 rubles, laser cleaning - from 1,500 to 8,000 rubles. Chemical peels are not that expensive. Its cost fluctuates, within 3000 rubles.

ADVICE! You can purchase a personal miniature apparatus for ultrasonic or vacuum cleaning. In this case, you will only need an initial investment, from 5,000 to 9,000 rubles.

It promotes skin rejuvenation as cells are stimulated and regenerated faster due to superficial damage. Thanks to scrubbing, the pores of the sebaceous glands are cleansed and the scars caused by acne are smoothed out.

Skin exfoliation: principle of action

Chemical peels work in three ways:

• Firstly, due to the cleansing of the dermis from keratinized particles, the growth of the epidermis is stimulated.
• Secondly, with the removal of several layers of the skin surface, the existing imperfections also disappear.
• Thirdly, skin tissues begin to rebuild due to a short inflammatory reaction.

In order to understand in detail the principle of this procedure, it is necessary to consider the structure of the skin.

The epidermis consists of five layers, where the top layer is stratum corneum and the bottom layer is basal. Young cells live in the basal layer, which gradually age and pass through all layers to the stratum corneum - this is how the skin is constantly renewed.

Average, a cell in the dermis lives for twenty-eight days.

Dead cells tend to accumulate on the surface of the skin, which ultimately leads to clogged pores. For this reason, nutrients hardly penetrate the epidermis, skin renewal slows down, which leads to premature aging.

Chemical peeling is necessary in order to rid the skin of the stratum corneum and renew the epidermis. In this cosmetic procedure, various acids are used that remove layers with dead cells.

Most often, organic acids are used for exfoliation, namely:

• dairy;
• pyruvic;
• fruit;
• trichloroacetic (for deep peeling).

A specialist cosmetologist independently determines which acid is better to use in a chemical peel based on the characteristics of the patient's skin.

Kinds

1. Super superficial peeling- the most gentle exfoliation option.

Acid solutions up to 15% are commonly used here. It can be done at any age because it causes only a mild cleansing effect that lasts only a few days. This procedure can be carried out independently at home.

2. Superficial chemical peeling of the face- here the concentration of acid can reach 50%.

Typically, salicylic, fruit, lactic, mandelic and glycolic acids are used for this procedure. Immediately after the procedure, there is a slight redness, which disappears after two hours.

Superficial exfoliation also has a mild effect on the skin: as a result, the complexion improves, pores shrink, the skin becomes more even and acne spots disappear.

3. Median or superficial-median peeling- has a deeper effect on the epidermis.

In this case, trichloroacetic acid is used, as well as glycolic acid with a high concentration and a low Ph content. This also includes retinol (yellow), coral and Jessner peels.

This procedure can be carried out only qualified specialist. The results after the procedure are as follows: acne scars are reduced, pigmentation disappears and pores are significantly narrowed, skin rejuvenation occurs.

4. Deep chemical facial peel performed in a hospital under general anesthesia.

It is characterized by a long recovery period (up to a month). This type of peeling affects the deeper layers of the skin. It is used to correct scars, wrinkles and pigmentation.

Video procedure

A must see for anyone who is afraid of even the mention of chemical exfoliation. In this video, the doctor does a light peeling right in the studio, which you can do yourself at home. In this case, you will see what exactly happens after applying the drug.

For those who are thinking about deep peeling - watch to the end! The 78th woman with skin like a baby will be invited to the studio!

Indications and contraindications

Like any medical procedure, exfoliation of the skin of the face has its indications and contraindications.

Indications:

• It is recommended for age-related changes and loss of skin tone, with the appearance of flabbiness and wrinkles.
• Suitable for the treatment of acne, smoothing scars and scars after acne ( only at the stage of non-inflamed skin).
• It helps to restore the skin with pigmentation disorders of various types, including freckles, melasma, juvenile and senile lentigo and chloasma.
• It will be useful for improving the appearance of the skin and cleansing it from dead cells of the epidermis.
• Serves as a preparatory stage for photography and .

Contraindications:

• categorically forbidden to do to people with hypersensitivity who have active allergic reactions to the drugs used in the procedure;
• if the skin has recently been exposed to ultraviolet rays (tanned skin);
• during pregnancy and lactation;
• contraindicated in people with viral and infectious skin diseases;
• hypertension and oncological diseases;
• with diabetes;
• when taking estrogens, sulfonamides, retinoids, neuroleptics and tetracycline antibiotics.

Results and aftercare

The specialist, having carefully studied the skin on problem areas, prescribes a course of peeling sessions. Sessions can be performed depending on skin type. 6 to 10 times.

The effect after the course lasts from 5 to 7 months, so this procedure is recommended to be carried out 2-3 times a year.

Chemical peeling can be done at any time of the year, if you are not planning a vacation at sea. However, doctors recommend planning for the autumn-winter period.

After chemical exfoliation, it is necessary to carefully care for the skin. First of all, avoid exposure to ultraviolet rays. In no case can touch and remove the resulting crusts, otherwise new scars will appear. It is also necessary to moisturize the skin more often, using special nourishing creams.

In the first days after medium and deep peels, peeling, redness and dryness of the face are observed.

In this case, the result will not appear immediately. Over time, the skin will acquire a healthy color and radiance, become softer and fresher.

Photos before and after

These photographs show people who, with the help of deep peeling, have reduced or completely got rid of skin defects, wrinkles, and also returned a healthy tone to their faces.

Our body has the property of constantly changing, updating - some cells are born, some die. The skin, as one of the organs of the body, is also involved in this process, and skin cells are subject to the process of death and regeneration.
Everything in the world needs care. So is our skin. : dead cells remain on its surface, and if they are not removed in time, the skin becomes clogged, acquires a dull unhealthy shade. A natural conclusion suggests itself: in order to stimulate skin renewal, to make it soft, clean and healthy, you need to clean the skin, remove dead cells. There is an affordable and simple method of skin cleansing - exfoliation, which allows you to quickly and efficiently remove the dead layer of cells.

What do you need for exfoliation?

• special exfoliating cosmetics,
• brush or special gloves for the body,
• body lotion,
• pumice.

How to properly exfoliate?

• Remember one necessary rule: you need to start the procedure from the bottom, from the fingers and soles of the feet, gradually rising up.
• One more rule: if the skin is “burnt” due to a sunburn (re-tanned) or if the skin has wounds, cuts, exfoliation should not be carried out.
• To soften the skin, you need to make yourself a foot bath with warm milk half an hour before taking a shower (one glass of milk per basin of water).
• Even before taking a shower, dry skin should be cleaned with a body brush. This simple procedure will help prepare our skin for the exfoliation process.
• Use a pumice stone to remove rough skin.
• Apply an exfoliating scrub to the skin with gloves. Starting from the feet, massage the skin in circular motions. Be careful with the bikini area - there the movements should be softer, more gentle.
• To cleanse your back, you can take a body brush with a long handle.
• The skin of the face should be massaged with gentle circular movements of small amplitude, trying to avoid the area around the eyes and mouth. For the face, you need to use a separate cosmetic product - softer, since the skin on the face is much more sensitive than on the rest of the body.
• Next, you need to wash off the exfoliator, first with warm, and then with cold water. You can pre-apply shower gel on the skin.
• After a shower, the skin needs to be softened and soothed. To do this, apply an emollient cream or moisturizing lotion. The best option is to use moisturizers containing alpha and beta hydroxy acids.
• Remember that exfoliation leads to drying of the skin, and the loss of moisture must be replenished with moisturizing cosmetics.
• For exfoliation, you can use natural scrubs: sugar,