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Blood during early pregnancy that. Is bleeding dangerous for the unborn baby? Bleeding with mechanical damage to the cervix

Vaginal bleeding does not necessarily indicate any abnormal pregnancy. As the placenta grows, many blood vessels form, so it should come as no surprise that one of these tiny capillaries can sometimes rupture. In this case, discharge or even slight bleeding is possible. About 20 percent of women with normal pregnancies have vaginal discharge or bleeding in the first weeks of pregnancy.

When you shouldn't worry. The bleeding, which shouldn't bother you, is usually painless, short-lived, not very profuse, or other symptoms. The blood is red or pinkish in color and contains no tissue fragments.

The three most common causes of safe bleeding in the first months of pregnancy are:

  • "Implant" bleeding. It occurs two to four weeks after fertilization, when the embryo is introduced into the lining of the uterus rich in blood vessels. This bleeding can be mistaken for menstruation, especially if you have irregular periods.
  • Menstrual bleeding. The developing placenta produces hormones that suppress menstruation, but in the first weeks, the level of these hormones may not be high enough to completely prevent periods. Therefore, in the first and second months of pregnancy, at the right time, you may experience slight bleeding.
  • Bleeding after intercourse. Bleeding after intercourse is quite common and is not dangerous.
When should you worry. Anxiety should be caused by vaginal bleeding with pain or cramps, profuse or persistent bleeding, and brownish blood with clots and tissue fragments. Report these symptoms to your doctor immediately. This bleeding could be a sign of a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. What to do with bleeding. If the bleeding leaves only one or two spots of red or pink color on your underwear, is not painful, and is not long-term, consult your doctor by visiting during your regular office hours. This is not an emergency. If this type of bleeding begins after exercise or sexual intercourse, skip these activities before consulting your doctor. If tissue fragments (greyish pink or brownish in color) come out with your blood (red or dark brown), store the fragments in a clean container (plastic bag or jar) and call your doctor. The tissue fragments can help determine if there is an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage, and sometimes the cause of the miscarriage.

If the bleeding is profuse enough to soak the sanitary napkin, painful, prolonged, accompanied by cramping abdominal pain, weakness, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention. Lie down and wait for a call from your doctor. Store the blood-soaked pad and fetal tissue in a clean vessel.

When talking with your doctor, try to remain calm to give him all the information he needs; only then will he be able to determine whether you need medical attention or whether it is too early to worry. The doctor needs to know how the bleeding began (suddenly or gradually), how profuse it is, how long it lasts and what is its nature (blood is bright red, brownish, pink, contains clots), have you noticed tissue fragments, is the bleeding accompanied by pain, spasms or other alarming symptoms.

In most cases, infrequent bleeding or vaginal discharge early in pregnancy is not a sign of trouble and you are more likely to have a healthy baby. If the doctor does not find any reason for concern during the phone conversation, and you continue to worry, make an appointment with him the next day to get rid of your anxiety. The doctor may order an ultrasound scan to determine if the baby is at risk of bleeding or not.

Sears W. & M. Waiting for the baby. Eksmo, 2009

Bleeding during pregnancy can be very frightening for the expectant mother, but it is important to know that blood loss does not always mean that a miscarriage is taking place at the moment.

Discharge of blood from the genital tract while waiting for a baby is more common than you might think. Approximately 20-25% of women have this problem. The doctor diagnoses a miscarriage in about half of women, but the other half of women will be able to maintain the pregnancy. The most likely time for bleeding to occur is in the first trimester.

For some women, blood loss may be one-time; others may experience it for the entire 40 weeks. These can be small blemishes, smudging discharge, and stronger discharge.

Do I need to report this fact to the gynecologist?

Necessarily! Any, even minor, bleeding should be reported to your gynecologist at the antenatal clinic. Any loss of blood of this nature will be considered "threatened" or "threatened with termination of pregnancy".

It is especially important to see your doctor within 72 hours of the onset of bleeding if you have a negative Rh factor. Usually, during the first pregnancy, the Rh-conflict is not very acute, but it is worth playing it safe.

Why can bleeding occur during pregnancy?

There are a number of reasons that are not always dangerous for the woman and for the fetus. Some arise in the early stages, others at later stages, but you should definitely pay attention to any sensations you do not understand. Remember that if your discharge is accompanied by cramps and pain, you should seek professional help as soon as possible.

Reason # 1: Implant bleeding

Reason # 2: Menses during pregnancy

Some women have what is popularly known as "washing of the fetus" - the discharge occurs at a time when menstruation usually should go.

In addition to discharge, the usual sensations that you experienced during menstruation also appear - back pain, stretching of the abdomen, heaviness in the pelvic region, a feeling of bloating in the lower abdomen.

During pregnancy, hormones prevent your period from occurring. But sometimes it happens that their level is not yet high enough to stop the cycle. In most cases, by the age of 3 months, the placenta takes over the production of hormones and this problem ceases to bother a woman. But it very rarely happens that a woman may have a "washing of the fetus" during the entire pregnancy and they give birth to healthy children on time, but it is important to always be under the close supervision of their gynecologist.

This situation is not normal for a healthy woman; the causes of the disorders must be looked for in the hormonal background.

Reason # 3: Threat or miscarriage

Studies show that about 30% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage (the medical term is spontaneous abortion). This usually happens in the first 12 weeks, and the woman may not even know about her situation. The main cause of miscarriage is fetal anomalies.

Once you have reached the threshold of 14-16 weeks, you can relax and be confident that your pregnancy is safe. That is why it is considered the norm not to tell acquaintances about your situation earlier than this period, until it is precisely known about a favorable outcome.

Common signs of miscarriage include bleeding, cramping, and back and abdominal pain. Women who have experienced this argue that if the signs of pregnancy continued, then usually fetal loss could have been avoided. But when, before the miscarriage, the woman sharply felt the disappearance of all the symptoms (nausea, bloating, chest pain), then in most cases grief could not be avoided.

Reason # 4: Sexual intercourse

Spotting spotting very often occurs after a stormy night with a partner. It is completely harmless and is caused by increased blood supply and softening of the cervix. Although this form of bleeding is not serious, tell your doctor about it. You do not need to completely end the love relationship with your husband, but you should reduce your partner's overly active movements.

Reason # 5: Ectopic pregnancy

It occurs when your fertilized egg becomes attached outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. You may experience severe pain in only one side of the abdomen, or general pain, which causes feelings of weakness and nausea. If the pipe ruptures, the pain may disappear for a few hours or days, but then it will return and the situation will become even more complicated.

An ectopic pregnancy must be treated urgently as it can rupture the fallopian tube, causing internal bleeding and tube damage. In such cases, the fallopian tubes are removed along with the ovum, but this does not mean that now the woman will never be able to have a child. The chance remains fairly high if the second ovary and fallopian tube are healthy.

Reason # 6: Problems with the placenta

Painless vaginal bleeding can be caused by abnormal placement of the placenta. Sometimes this organ is implanted very low on the wall of the uterus, right above the cervical canal. This is called and occurs in about 2% of expectant mothers. Presentation will inevitably lead to bleeding at some point in pregnancy, usually after 20 weeks. There are several degrees of severity of this condition, it will require a second ultrasound to accurately diagnose it.

Another problem that occurs in 1 in 200 expectant mothers is partial or complete detachment of the placenta from the walls of the uterus. Symptoms: Severe pain and blood loss. To learn more about the degree, causes, treatment of detachment, read our article.

What to do?

  • Don't use tampons, only pads.
  • Regardless of the gestational age and the diagnosis that you suspect, see your doctor as soon as possible.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, is quite common, but at the same time 80% of women who have it, carry on pregnancy. Therefore, you should not panic at any appearance of discharge - small specks of blood (this is often what happens). But it is necessary to pay attention to this and strictly control the situation. So, what kind of discharge should be during pregnancy?

What should be alarming if discharge appears during pregnancy?

Such an increase in the intensity of discharge that you have to change the pad every hour. In any case, this speaks of the threat of termination of pregnancy, and a serious threat. Therefore, you need to urgently visit a doctor or at least consult by phone.

What can cause spotting during pregnancy?

Small placental abruptions, under which blood accumulates and is subsequently excreted. If the discharge did not last long and disappeared, there is no reason to fear for the preservation of pregnancy.

Slight brown discharge (daub) can be on days when you had your period before pregnancy, this is hormonal and not dangerous. Usually, in such cases, the discharge is accompanied by pulling pain in the lower back and lower abdomen.

Discharge may not come from the uterus at all, but from the vagina and lower genital tract - this happens in the case of mucosal injury during sexual intercourse, especially if there is a vaginal polyp or erosion. Although erosion often disappears on its own during pregnancy - this is a hormonal disease - but not in everyone.

There are discharge with some genital infections - a smear is necessary to exclude.

And the most common case of spotting in the early stages is the threat of termination of pregnancy. It is determined quite simply, sometimes - during a routine examination by a gynecologist, and in this case it is necessary to meticulously carry out all appointments, including hospitalization. The possibilities of medicine in relation to the preservation of pregnancy are great.

And in the end - about the sad. It is sad, but 20% of those who were diagnosed with the threat of interruption due to discharge during pregnancy, still lost their baby. It's hard to come to terms with this, especially if it was not easy. I know pregnant women who categorically refused to terminate their pregnancy and until the term of fetal viability - up to 28 weeks - lay in a layer and even periodically stood on their heads. And some managed to give birth to a viable child. But this heroism makes sense only in a situation where pregnancy is developing - you can find out by the dynamics of the hCG hormone, and later - by ultrasound and fetal heartbeats. Otherwise, the body gets rid of the foreign body, and to resist this is not only unnecessary work, but also a danger to the life of the mother.

Pregnancy is the most responsible and important time for every woman. The expectant mother is very sensitive and closely monitors changes in her condition, any deviations in the direction of a deterioration in well-being are alarming and alarming. Bleeding is what scares expectant mothers the most. Why does bleeding occur in the first half of pregnancy?

Why does bleeding occur in early pregnancy?

Bleeding, especially early in pregnancy, is a dangerous symptom that can have irreversible consequences. Even if there is very little blood, you cannot ignore the discharge, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice and medical help. Statistics say that about 20% of pregnant women experience bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy, and about 100 Russian women die every year from related complications.

Early bleeding can be both harmless and indicative of serious complications of pregnancy.

Discharge with blood can be for various reasons. Among them are the following:

  • risk of termination of pregnancy;
  • miscarriage;
  • ectopic pregnancy, when a fertilized egg attaches and begins its development outside the uterus;
  • undeveloped or frozen pregnancy, in which the fetus dies in utero;
  • implantation (introduction) of an egg into the inner layer of the uterine wall;
  • cystic drift;
  • inflammatory processes - erosion of the cervix, uterine fibroids, polyps of the cervical canal, endometriosis;
  • anomalies in the development of the embryo (chromosomal abnormalities);
  • hormonal disruptions - a deficiency of progesterone (the so-called pregnancy hormone);
  • trauma (blow, bruise) of the abdomen;
  • rough sex.

Causes of bleeding

Ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy is a phenomenon in which a fertilized egg is attached outside the uterus - on the cervix, ovary, fallopian tube, abdominal cavity.

The main cause of ectopic pregnancy is obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Such a deviation can occur due to various diseases in the history:

  • infections (chronic or transferred) of the uterus and appendages;
  • tumors;
  • adhesions and scar tissue as a result of inflammatory processes;
  • adnexitis - an inflammatory disease of the appendages;
  • endometriosis - inflammation of the mucous layer of the uterine cavity;
  • operations on the female genital organs;
  • abortion;
  • hormonal disorders;
  • abnormalities in the development of pipes;
  • intrauterine device.

The risk of ectopic pregnancy increases with age.

One of the options for the location of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity

Another reason for bleeding is missed pregnancy. This is an abnormal cessation of the growth and development of the embryo, which most often occurs before 3 months. Factors provoking the fading of pregnancy:

  • pathology of the internal genital organs;
  • intrauterine infections leading to fetal malformations:
    • herpes,
    • rubella,
    • toxoplasmosis,
    • cytomegalovirus;
  • autoimmune disorders such as antiphospholipid syndrome;
  • hormonal disbalance;
  • IVF (in vitro fertilization);
  • severe stress;
  • hard physical labor;
  • some medications;
  • bad habits - alcoholism, tobacco smoking, drug taking.

Uterine bleeding may indicate a threat of spontaneous abortion or a miscarriage. The factors that provoke miscarriage can be:

  • hormonal imbalance - a lack of progesterone or an excess of androgens;
  • Rh factor conflict;
  • immune disorders;
  • genetic failures - chromosomal mutations;
  • sexually transmitted infections;
  • diseases of the genital organs - uterine fibroids, endometriosis;
  • isthmic-cervical insufficiency, which can develop due to mechanical trauma to the cervix during abortion, difficult childbirth or hormonal abnormalities;
  • infectious and inflammatory diseases:
    • viral hepatitis,
    • angina,
    • rubella,
    • pyelonephritis,
    • appendicitis;
  • chronic diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys;
  • abdominal trauma;
  • severe stress, which cannot become the root cause of a miscarriage, but are a predisposing factor;
  • endocrine diseases.

One of the reasons for heavy bleeding during pregnancy is spontaneous abortion

Bubble drift is another cause of profuse uterine bleeding. This is a pathological condition in which the normal development of the embryo does not occur (it may be completely absent), and the trophoblast (the outer layer of the cells of a fertilized egg) grows. From the trophoblast during the normal course of pregnancy, the placenta is formed; in the case of cystic drift, this does not happen. The reason for such a pathological deviation is considered to be the absence or incomplete set of the mother's chromosomes in the presence of the father's double chromosome set. This phenomenon can occur if 2 sperm at the same time fertilized an egg with developmental abnormalities - a nuclear-free or with a delayed chromosome set. Viral or infectious diseases, estrogen deficiency, genetic mutations are considered the provoking factors of skidding. Until the end, the cause-and-effect relationships of cystic drift have not been studied.

Vesiculate mole - tumor formation that causes profuse uterine bleeding

Implantation bleeding is observed in approximately 30% of pregnant women and is not particularly dangerous. They look like scanty menstruation. Such bleeding occurs a few days after ovulation or 7 days before the expected date of the onset of menstruation. The fertilized egg is introduced into the epithelium of the inner layer of the uterus, thereby damaging the vessels.

Breakthrough bleeding (breakthrough menstruation) early in pregnancy indicates hormonal imbalance. Sometimes this happens repeatedly in the first months of gestation, while the discharge resembles ordinary menstruation, which is why the expectant mother may not even guess about her special situation. This phenomenon occurs due to a sharp hormonal change in the female body.

Minor bleeding can be triggered by an exacerbation of gynecological diseases, such as cervical ectopia, polyps, uterine fibroids and others.

Symptoms of bleeding during pregnancy

The leading symptom, regardless of etiology, is vaginal discharge with blood, they are scanty or abundant, with mucus, clots or without them. Depending on the factor that triggered the bleeding, other manifestations join.

The danger of an ectopic pregnancy is that it proceeds in the same way as an ordinary one, that is, a woman experiences signs characteristic of a healthy pregnancy:

  • nausea;
  • fatigue;
  • malaise;
  • swelling of the mammary glands;
  • weakness;
  • delay of menstruation.

The embryo develops, grows and there are manifestations that are already characteristic of ectopic pregnancy:

  • intense pain, almost unbearable, in the lower abdomen or on the side where the egg is attached;
  • pain syndrome increases with movement, tilt;
  • bright red blood - in case of cervical pregnancy;
  • with tubal pregnancy - brown discharge;
  • feeling lightheaded;
  • loss of consciousness.

If the pregnancy is cervical, then the bleeding is very profuse, prolonged, since this place is rich in blood vessels.

Symptoms of a missed pregnancy

At the very beginning of gestation, especially if the pregnancy is the first, a woman may not immediately understand that something is wrong with the fetus. Most often, pregnant women go to the doctor when heavy bleeding begins - the uterus spontaneously tries to reject the dead fetus. When the pregnancy fades, it does not begin to bleed immediately. The first symptoms of this condition are:

  • the manifestations of toxicosis stop, if it was observed before;
  • the mammary glands stop swelling and hurting;
  • pulling pains of moderate intensity are felt in the lower abdomen.

Then the pains may intensify, become cramping, and spotting bleeding begins.

Risk of miscarriage

This condition manifests itself in three main symptoms:

  • bleeding from the uterus (from a light pink daub to significant discharge, reminiscent of menstruation);
  • hypertonicity of the uterus, which is determined by ultrasound;
  • pulling pain in the abdomen, can radiate to the lower back.

Increased bleeding and deterioration of the general condition most often indicates that a miscarriage is beginning. In this case, the pregnant woman feels severe weakness, dizziness, nausea, increased pain. The discharge is initially small brownish or red with mucus, after 1–2 days it becomes abundant, with large clots. Bleeding worsens with exertion and movement.

There are several stages of miscarriage:

  1. Threat of abortion - weak spotting and painful sensations are observed. At the same time, the child can be saved.
  2. The beginning of a miscarriage - the pain becomes cramping, the bleeding increases. Pregnancy can still be saved.
  3. Spontaneous abortion is in progress, the main symptoms are intense pain and a lot of blood with clots. It is no longer possible to maintain pregnancy.

Video - signs of an early miscarriage

Signs of a cystic skid

Along with bleeding, a woman experiences symptoms characteristic of early toxicosis:

  • nausea;
  • fatigue;
  • change in taste;
  • vomiting;
  • dizziness;
  • weakness;
  • an increase in symptoms of liver failure.

In the secretions, you can often find characteristic vesicles that have come off the chorionic villi (the embryonic part of the not formed placenta). Discharge with blood with cystic drift is frequent, abundant, they lead to the development of anemia.

Vesicular drift can be complete (simple), incomplete (partial) and destructive when altered chorionic villi grow into the uterine wall. This form is the most severe and often causes formidable internal bleeding, and the growth itself acquires a malignant course.

Implant bleeding

This type of bleeding does not affect the normal course of pregnancy and is characterized by scanty discharge or a small amount of pure blood. The discharge caused by the implantation of an egg into the uterine wall is never dark in color and can last literally from one hour to 2-3 days. At this time, the pregnant woman may feel mild pain in the lower abdomen, but most often no pain is noted.

Signs of breakthrough bleeding

The discharge resembles normal menstrual blood, only in a smaller volume. This phenomenon occurs once at the very beginning of gestation or can be repeated for another 3-4 months.

Bleeding in gynecological diseases, for example, erosion, is usually mild and is not accompanied by other symptoms.

Bleeding with mechanical damage to the vagina or cervix during a gynecological examination or after intense sex also does not differ in intensity. Most often, they manifest themselves as light spotting secretions, quickly end and do not repeat.

Diagnosis of uterine bleeding

Diagnostics always begins with an examination of the pregnant woman, an objective assessment of her condition, the nature of the discharge, anamnesis collection in order to establish the presence or absence of diseases that provoked bleeding. Laboratory and apparatus examination of the patient gives the doctor a clear idea of ​​the cause of the bleeding and determines the further treatment tactics. Routine examination of a pregnant woman with bleeding includes:

  • clinical blood test;
  • determination of blood group and Rh factor;
  • blood chemistry;
  • blood test for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis;
  • clinical analysis of urine;
  • coagulogram (blood clotting test);
  • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs, preferably a transvaginal method.

Further additional examinations depend on the identified pathologies. It can be:

  • blood for hCG;
  • hormone analysis;
  • analysis for TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, herpes, cytomegalovirus, rubella);
  • smear for sexually transmitted infections.

Ultrasound is one of the main methods of examination and diagnosis in early pregnancy

Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy always begins with a chair examination. The doctor, by the type of bloody discharge, can determine the place of attachment of the ovum. A blood test is performed for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) over time. With a healthy pregnancy, the level of the hormone doubles daily, with an ectopic pregnancy, not. Ultrasound is prescribed by the transvaginal method, when the sensor is inserted through the vagina. The method allows you to determine the place of attachment of the fetus. In doubtful cases, culldocentesis is used - a puncture of the posterior wall of the vagina. By the nature of the aspirate (extracted during the puncture of the fluid), the doctor can diagnose an ectopic pregnancy.

The doctor determines a frozen pregnancy by collecting and analyzing complaints and anamnesis (how long ago the discharge and other symptoms, concomitant gynecological diseases, the functionality of the reproductive system began). A gynecological examination indicates that the uterus is smaller than it should be at this time. In a blood test for hCG, the indicators lag significantly behind the level with a normal pregnancy. With the help of ultrasound, it is determined that the size of the fetus is smaller than it should be and there is no heartbeat.

Diagnostics of the threat of miscarriage and spontaneous abortion consists in collecting anamnesis and complaints. Ultrasound shows hypertonicity of the walls of the uterus. With a threat, separate areas of the uterine tone are clearly expressed, with the onset of the abortion process, a reduction in all walls of the uterus and detachment of the ovum are visible. If you suspect that a miscarriage has begun, the doctor conducts an examination on a chair with a two-handed vaginal examination, that is, by touch, he determines the size and tone of the uterus, whether there is an opening of the cervix.

It is quite easy for a specialist to diagnose cystic drift. The doctor conducts an examination and ultrasound examination. On an ultrasound scan, a specialist observes a picture characteristic of a cystic drift. This examination is often enough to make the correct diagnosis.

Bleeding treatment

The reasons that caused bleeding can be completely different and the consequences can be completely unpredictable, therefore, when bloody discharge appears, you should immediately seek medical help.

If the discharge is very insignificant and not accompanied by pain, you can independently contact the gynecologist of the antenatal clinic, provided that it is nearby. In case of profuse bleeding, pain, deterioration of health, you must call an ambulance immediately! Before the arrival of the brigade, you need to lie down, put a pillow or a soft roller under your feet. You can not take any medications so as not to blur the clinical picture. The most dangerous condition that can cause bleeding is ectopic pregnancy. In this case, every minute counts.

Treatment of uterine bleeding is carried out depending on the reasons that caused them. In any case, the patient needs rest and strict bed rest.

Therapy with the threat of spontaneous abortion and the initial stage, if there are no abnormalities in the development of the embryo, is aimed at preserving the ovum. The following drugs are prescribed:

  • hemostatic - Ditsinon, Tranexam, Vikasol, aminocaproic acid;
  • antispasmodic drugs to reduce the tone of the uterus - No-shpu, papaverine, magnesium sulfate;
  • progesterone preparations - Utrozhestan, Duphaston;
  • vitamin products - MagneB6, folic acid, Iodomarin, vitamin E.

Medications used to treat bleeding in early pregnancy - gallery

Dicinon is used as a hemostatic drug Tranexam is effective for uterine bleeding Vikasol is prescribed for bleeding of various etiologies No-Shpa is used as an antispasmodic for increased uterine tone Magnesium sulfate is used to relieve spasms, with increased uterine tone Duphaston and Utrozhestan - with hormonal drugs that are prescribed progesterone Complex preparation for pregnant women with magnesium and vitamin B6 in the composition
Folic acid belongs to the group of B vitamins, is used as a hematopoietic stimulator

If treatment is started on time and all medical recommendations are followed, pregnancy can often be saved. Emotional peace, refusal to have sex play also an important role in this case. After the normalization of the condition of the pregnant woman and the cessation of bleeding, the doctor may prescribe a tincture of valerian or motherwort for a sedative effect.

A pregnant woman should eat fully and balanced. In her diet must be food rich in protein - dairy and fermented milk products, meat, liver, eggs, fish. Every day, the expectant mother needs to eat fresh vegetables and fruits, especially those rich in vitamin C - citrus fruits, apples, currants, tomatoes, bell peppers, zucchini, potatoes, cauliflower. It is very important to include in the diet vegetable oils and fish of fatty varieties - to strengthen blood vessels and the harmonious development of a healthy pregnancy.

Of the physiotherapeutic methods, gynecologists prefer electrophoresis with magnesium to reduce the tone of the uterus. For the same purpose, acupuncture, an electro-relaxator device or endonasal galvanization are sometimes used - exposure to certain areas with a galvanic current.

Magnesium electrophoresis is used to tone down the uterus

If spontaneous abortion still could not be prevented, an operation is performed - removal of the remains of the fetus, the uterus is scraped out. After surgery, Oxytocin is prescribed - a drug for reducing the walls of the uterus and hemostatic agents. After the operation, antibiotics are indicated for the prevention of bacterial complications, a course of hormonal and vitamin therapy. During this period, the prescribed medication cannot be neglected, otherwise there is a risk of complications in the form of inflammatory processes, which can ultimately lead to the formation of adhesions and infertility.

Ectopic pregnancies are always treated surgically. A laparoscopy or laparotomy is performed with the removal of the ovum and fallopian tube if it is significantly damaged and the organ cannot be preserved. In cervical ectopic pregnancy, bleeding is stopped and the embryo is removed. In some cases, it is necessary to remove the cervix and even the uterus itself while preserving the appendages.

If the bleeding is caused by a frozen pregnancy, then doctors choose the appropriate treatment tactics:

  • observation (may be relevant only for several days after the death of the embryo) - due to a sharp drop in the level of hCG, the uterus begins to contract and expels the frozen fetus on its own;
  • interruption with medication (can be used up to 8 weeks) - progesterone antagonists and other drugs that stimulate miscarriage are prescribed;
  • operation - removal of the ovum by scraping the uterine cavity with a curette or vacuum aspiration.

After the operation, a course of antibiotic therapy is carried out, immunomodulators and fortifying agents - vitamins are prescribed.

Treatment of cystic drift also has its own characteristics. In more than 50% of patients, tumor tissue is isolated without medical intervention. Overgrown formations from the uterus are removed by one of the methods:

  • up to 12 weeks, manual removal is carried out, and then instrumental revision of the uterus;
  • up to 20 weeks use the method of vacuum aspiration. Curettage scraping is used only for small lesions, otherwise there is a risk of perforation (violation of the integrity) of the walls of the uterus.

The removed tissues are sent for histological examination. If the cystic drift has a destructive form, especially with severe bleeding, the threat of uterine perforation, proliferation in the vagina, an operation is performed to remove the uterus. After such an operation, a course of chemotherapy is prescribed. Radiation therapy is sometimes given for metastases to other organs.

Bleeding caused by hormonal changes in the body in the early stages of bearing a child does not require special treatment. In some cases, doctors will prescribe hormonal medications.

If we talk about alternative medicine, then in addition to tinctures of valerian and motherwort, other herbs are not recommended to drink, since they are most often ineffective and can even aggravate the situation.

Video - bleeding during pregnancy, therapy

Complications and consequences of uterine bleeding

The most serious complications can be with an ectopic pregnancy:

  • rupture of the tube - entails severe bleeding into the abdominal cavity, which can be fatal;
  • tubal abortion, when the fetus enters a sterile abdominal cavity, can threaten the development of purulent inflammation of the peritoneum - peritonitis.

The hardest consequence of an ectopic pregnancy is the loss of reproductive organs during surgery and further infertility.

A miscarriage with late seeking medical help can threaten:

  • large blood loss;
  • inflammatory processes - salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis;
  • spikes;
  • difficulties in conceiving and carrying a healthy baby;
  • infertility.

The loss of a child is a huge stress for a woman and it can provoke depression and serious psychological disorders.

Bubble drift is fraught with the following consequences:

  • amenorrhea - absence of menstruation;
  • high risk of complications in childbirth - abnormalities of labor, bleeding;
  • sepsis;
  • metastases in a malignant course;
  • infertility.

A frozen pregnancy is dangerous with endometritis, the decomposition of a dead fetus can cause peritonitis and sepsis.

Prevention of bleeding in early pregnancy

Pregnancy needs to be planned. Before thinking about conceiving a child, you need to undergo a full examination of the body, eliminate all foci of infection, special attention, of course, should be paid to the health of the reproductive system. During pregnancy, it is necessary to visit the antenatal clinic in a timely manner, regularly undergo gynecological examinations, and take the prescribed tests. It is imperative to maintain a positive emotional background, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, drink clean water. It is worth giving up bad habits long before the planned pregnancy. You can not take any medications without a doctor's prescription, and if you have suspicious symptoms, you should immediately contact a gynecologist.

It is very important to track the nature and duration of spotting in early pregnancy. Although such secretion is considered normal in the first weeks of gestation, it can also be a signal of various diseases and problems with the fetus.

It should be noted that bleeding in early pregnancy occurs in 75% of cases and most often indicates natural processes in a woman's body that occur after conception. But situations are also possible, the outcome of which will largely depend on the timely visit to the doctor. Therefore, you need to find out which discharge in the first weeks of pregnancy is considered the norm, and which indicate problems.

The main causes of bleeding

Natural bleeding can occur for the following reasons:

  • attachment of the ovum (implantation bleeding);
  • hormonal changes;
  • active replenishment of the blood vessels of the genital organs.

Among the causes of bleeding at the beginning of pregnancy that require attention are:

  • minor damage due to a vaginal probe or speculum;
  • unsuccessful douching;
  • discharge after intercourse;
  • vanishing twin.

In these cases, brown or slight red leucorrhoea may appear in the twelfth week. There is no need to worry, but it will not hurt to consult a doctor once again.

The consequence of spotting in the first trimester of pregnancy can also be:

  • lack of progesterone;
  • gynecological diseases;
  • problems with the fetus;
  • detachment of the placenta;
  • placenta previa;
  • spontaneous abortion;
  • chorion peeling;
  • cystic drift;
  • cervical erosion;
  • papillomas.

In this case, the secretion may have an odor, does not stop for a very long time and is accompanied by severe pain. Doctors advise paying attention to additional symptoms of pathology.

Variety of secretion by color

Bloody discharge at 4 weeks of gestation and until the end of the first trimester can normally have the following options:

  • transparent with a few drops of blood;
  • brown smearing discharge;
  • color pink;
  • scarlet.

If in the first trimester of pregnancy such secretion is observed once and does not cause discomfort, then there is no reason for worry.

Let's consider the causes of red discharge during pregnancy in more detail, analyzing some of the questions and comments of women on the forums.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy without pathology

During pregnancy (especially in the first month of pregnancy), secretion into the blood may be due to natural or relatively harmless processes, each of which has its own specific symptoms.

Implant bleeding

Olya, 27 years old: “Hello! I suppose I have. Tell me, does this happen or is it that menstruation, delayed by 2 weeks, begins? "

Very often, the presence of bloody discharge at the 3rd week of pregnancy, women are mistaken for the next menstruation. It is worth noting that implantation of the ovum can occur both earlier and later, therefore, minor bloody streaks may also indicate a successful conception.

During this period, brown or red marks on the linen appear due to the introduction of the embryo into the lining of the uterus. It turns out that it is precisely minor damage to the blood vessels that causes bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. It can be:

  • mucous leucorrhoea with bloody streaks;
  • small drops of blood on the panty liner;
  • brown footprints.

Therefore, in the third week and earlier, such secretion without additional symptoms is considered the norm. But still, bloody streaks in the whites should not be ignored for any suspicion.

After visiting the gynecologist

On the Internet, there are quite popular questions about:

Anna, 30 years old: “Pregnancy 6 weeks spotting did not bother before, but after yesterday's examination at the gynecologist I noticed a couple of red drops on the pad. What to do? Is this a miscarriage? "

Bloody discharge at 6 weeks of gestation can sometimes occur as a result of micro injuries. Naturally, in such a case, women begin to worry, since it is too late for implantation bleeding. During pregnancy at 6 weeks, spotting may appear due to damage to blood vessels and capillaries with a vaginal probe or gynecological speculum. They will not be systematic, so they will immediately disappear almost on the same day. If you observe such a secret for more than a couple of hours or their intensity increases, then the phenomenon is most likely not associated with a doctor's examination. In this case, you should immediately seek medical help.

After intercourse

Bloody discharge in the early stages of pregnancy after sex is not considered a pathology, but in this case it is better to refuse sexual intercourse and consult a doctor, because you need to accurately determine the cause of their appearance, and whether there is a threat to the fetus. But in most cases, such secretion is the result of careless intercourse, so it makes sense to reconsider the postures and adhere to a calmer rhythm. You will find a complete answer to the question: “What do they mean?” In one of our articles.

The Vanishing Twin

Doctors found that almost every eighth person had a twin in the womb, whose development stopped at some point. Note that this process is very typical for artificial insemination. Here is what women write on the forums about this:

Zinaida, 36 years old: “I went through the IVF procedure because I had already lost faith in becoming a mother. Everything was fine, but soon there was bloody discharge at 12 weeks of gestation. I went for an ultrasound scan - one of the twins was found to freeze. I hope that everything will be all right with the second child, and the appearance of such secretion will not harm the gestation. "

  • cramping pains occur in the lower abdomen;
  • convulsions may occur.

Only a doctor can confirm or deny such a condition using an ultrasound scan. As for the time of occurrence of secretion, spotting at 10 weeks of gestation, but not earlier, may indicate a "disappearing twin".

A similar phenomenon most often passes without consequences for the health of the woman and the unborn child.

Possible pathologies with spotting in the early stages

Unfortunately, spotting at the beginning of pregnancy can be dangerous not only for the fetus, but also for the mother. That is why doctors advise to go to the hospital for any doubts and ailments. The first trimester of pregnancy allows in most cases to correct the situation, but only with timely diagnosis.

Lack of progesterone

In some patients, doctors note a lack of progesterone, which casts doubt on the normal bearing of the fetus to term.

Victoria, 22 years old: “Pregnancy 5 weeks, spotting began to smear. I went to the hospital, where the doctor prescribed Dufaston. After taking the drug, everything stopped, but it's still scary. "

Valentina, 31 years old: “At the 7th week of pregnancy, the daub began. Will I be able to save the baby with just progesterone injections? "

Bloody discharge at 5-12 weeks may well be caused by a lack of progesterone, but you cannot take drugs without permission, because the wrong dose may be useless or even aggravate the situation.

If the discharge at the 5th week of pregnancy began to bother, and there are traces of blood on the daily, then you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe such drugs as: Duphaston, Utrozhestan, and also select their optimal dosage. Additional treatment may be prescribed. In this case, it is better not to self-medicate, but if you do not pay attention to this problem, then the situation may end in spontaneous abortion. Before using the listed drugs, find out which ones may be in the article at the link.

Placental abruption

Larisa, 35 years old: “8 weeks of pregnancy and spotting appeared unexpectedly, and they are more scarlet. I did an ultrasound at the hospital. The diagnosis is minor placental abruption. Previously, the stomach ached, but now it has stopped. Of the drugs, only papaverine was injected. I am worried and do not know what will happen next. "

Bloody discharge at 8 weeks of gestation, especially those with a scarlet hue, may indicate placental abruption.

This negative process is caused by stress, trauma, allergies, high blood pressure, and bad habits.

As for the intensity of secretion, everything will depend on the area and place of exfoliation.

It is worth noting that the 7th week of pregnancy is an early period in which timely medical assistance can correct the situation and keep the baby.

Various injuries

Olga, 26 years old: “I was 7 weeks pregnant and I fell down. I didn't go to the hospital because there was no pain or bleeding. What a stupid I was, because then I had to lay on preservation for almost the entire period. "

Such a situation can occur at any time during the gestation of a baby, because during pregnancy, a minor injury or blow can cause damage to the blood vessels. In this case, it will not hurt to consult a doctor who will examine the fetus and give recommendations.

Placenta previa

Svetlana, 34 years old: “I’m only nine weeks old, but the gynecologist diagnosed me with placenta previa. Is the placenta already formed by this time? "

Many women think that placenta previa can occur only at a later date. In fact, spotting at the 9th week of pregnancy, and at any time, can be caused precisely by placenta previa. The main difference is systematic bleeding, which can be painless at first. In the first trimester, bleeding is mild, but it is at this time that actions must be taken to exclude a threat to the life of both the mother and the child.

Spontaneous abortion

Rejection of the embryo can be caused by stress, infections, trauma, etc. Also, spontaneous abortion can occur if the body considers the embryo incapacitated, especially in the presence of genetic abnormalities.

Blood may appear in small amounts without additional sensations, and sometimes severe bleeding may open. If you consult a doctor at the first smearing secretion, then the likelihood of saving the fetus is very high. At a later stage in this process, practically nothing can be done.

Chorion peeling

It is from the chorion that the placenta is formed during the second trimester. The chorion provides a bond between the mother and her baby, so its detachment threatens the fetus. This process may be accompanied by a small amount of brown secretion.

"Bubble drift"

A very rare pathology, which is accompanied by the proliferation of placental tissue. A woman may not feel anything until the development of the fetus stops.
Soon there is an abundant secretion of red. In this case, it is impossible to save the fruit. It is believed that this abnormality is genetic in nature. As a rule, it appears from the 11th week of pregnancy.

Erosion of the cervix and polyps

The increased blood flow to the uterus can cause vascular damage. As a result, minor bleeding occurs, which may appear for no reason or after sex. If this process quickly and spontaneously stopped, then it may be cervical erosion, which is exacerbated precisely during gestation.

All about this pathology and about, read by clicking on the link.

Another reason may be polyps of the cervical canal and decidual polyps. These growths most often themselves disappear, but if removal is prescribed, then the doctor also prescribes concomitant treatment.

If you are planning a pregnancy or are already in a position, it does not hurt to familiarize yourself with all the causes of red secretion. It is very difficult for a woman to associate the discharge during early pregnancy with a certain violation herself, therefore, keeping calm, it is necessary to go to the hospital at the first ailments. Remember that self-medication is dangerous to your health.