How is an ectopic pregnancy removed: what is done and how is the treatment carried out at different periods? Causes and mechanism of development. Ectopic pregnancy treatment methods

01.08.2019

An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal condition that poses a serious threat to a woman's life. The place of localization of a fertilized egg is normally the uterus. If fixation occurs in any other place, this is a pathology and requires immediate intervention from doctors. The first signs of an ectopic pregnancy, if you know about them, should alert the woman and stimulate to make an appointment with a specialist.

During ovulation, a mature and fully formed egg leaves the ovary. It enters the tube, where the process of direct fertilization takes place. After the completion of conception, the zygote migrates into the uterine cavity. This phenomenon is facilitated by measured peristaltic contractions of the fallopian tubes and undulating swaying of the villi of the mucous membrane.

The journey is long, migration lasts about 3 days. This time is enough for the embryo to form special cells responsible for the secretion of a number of enzymes. With their help, the process of attachment to the mucous membranes of the formed zygote takes place.

If at one of the stages listed above, the zygote encounters mechanical or hormonal obstacles, the fertilization algorithm will be disrupted. The main reasons for the development of an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages are discussed in the table below.

The main reason	Pathophysiological aspects of the problem
Inflammatory processes of the uterine appendages	If one tube or both appendages were previously exposed to inflammatory processes, their functional qualities will be impaired. In the lumen of the hollow organs, adhesions, fibrous cords, scars are formed, which act as specific barriers at the time of the passage of the fertilized egg to the uterus. The pipes are not able to fully provide peristalsis for the advancement of the zygote. As a result, cells with enzymes for attachment are formed, and the egg is forced to attach at another location.
Inflammatory processes of the fallopian tubes	The reason is similar to the inflammatory processes in the appendages. The zygote cannot move to the uterus, since the nerve endings are lost, and the villi is partially destroyed. The transport function is impaired, which means that the egg cannot move to the uterus.
Anomalies of anatomy and development of organs, tissues, structures	Problems with anatomy or functional potential can arise even during intrauterine development. The most common form of deviations is "extra" pipes, additional holes in the appendages. The development of anomalies is due to a negative effect on the fetus during pregnancy - smoking and alcoholism of the mother, taking illegal drugs, harm to ionizing radiation.
Operative interventions	Any surgical interventions, like inflammatory processes, lead to the appearance of an adhesion process. If a woman has repeatedly undergone surgery, the patency of the tubes can be completely impaired.
Hormonal dysfunction	Unfavorable hormonal background adversely affects the functioning of all structures. The menstrual cycle malfunctions, the muscles become immobilized, the ability of the egg itself to the implantation process suffers. This pathology is considered the most common among young women capable of normal conception and childbirth.
Missing one of the pipes	If ovulation occurs on the side where the appendage is absent, the zygote must travel a longer path to the uterus. The main type of complications in women who have undergone the procedure for removing one tube is the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.
Tumors	If there is a malignant or benign neoplasm in the uterus or one of the appendages, it will also prevent the zygote from migrating normally into the uterus. Moreover, hormone-dependent tumors can cause significant hormonal imbalances throughout the body, further exacerbating the problem. Often, small tumors were detected only when the ectopic pregnancy itself occurred.

The development of an ectopic pregnancy may be due to localized tuberculosis or external endometriosis. Moreover, long-term treatment of infertility with hormonal drugs can also cause this specific problem.

Classification of ectopic conditions

Ectopic pregnancy is divided into several categories based on its signs and symptoms. The classification is arbitrary, but rather complicated.

Types of pathological conditions for the localization of the ovum:

pipe;
ovarian (intrafollicular and developing on the surface of the glandular organ);
abdominal (primary and secondary);
interlinking;
cervical;
implantation in the rudimentary uterine horn;
interstitial pregnancy.

By the stages of the course and how exactly the ectopic pregnancy manifests itself:

progressive pregnancy;
interrupted pregnancy;
an interrupted pregnancy.

Signs of an ectopic pregnancy

The early period (5-6th week) does not allow a woman to independently determine whether an ectopic pregnancy has occurred.

Primary signs are typical for everyone:

delayed pregnancy;
enlargement of the mammary glands, soreness;
first trimester toxicosis (nausea, accompanied by vomiting).

Most often, the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy is made when the symptoms already indicate the development of tubal abortion or other abortion scenarios. Progressive ectopic pregnancy, in which the fetus develops relatively normally in the initial stages, is established during the ultrasound examination.

At the same time, the task of the diagnostician was not always to find exactly "signs of pregnancy." The abnormal location of the ovum is most often detected during diagnostic measures to identify completely different pathological conditions.

If the pregnancy was not in the uterus and abruptly terminated, the symptoms will be as follows.

- the first dangerous sign by which it is possible to recognize various forms of ectopic pregnancy. If the pain is dull and persistent, a progressive tubal pregnancy may be suspected. The fruit grows, and over time it will be too cramped. The risk of pipe rupture will increase every day. Constant cramping pain, radiating to the lower back, indicates that the rupture has occurred.
The first signs of a progressive ectopic pregnancy that has already been interrupted is often associated with specific pain or discomfort in the anus. Women experience unusual pressure, as at the start of labor or before having a bowel movement;
Bloody issues appear at the moment when the roof from the pipe found a way out. Small smearing discharge of scarlet, brown, beige, which cannot be described as menstruation, is a formidable symptom. A woman should see a doctor immediately;
Signs of rapid progression internal bleeding, - pallor of the skin, hypotension up to the development of collapse, severe weakness, severe dizziness. There is no time to determine the exact cause of this condition - you must immediately call an ambulance.

If, among other things, the patient develops hyperthermia prone to progression, there is every reason to believe that an inflammatory process has begun in the body. This is a particularly difficult case requiring immediate treatment and long-term rehabilitation.

What will the test show?

Considering the question of what symptoms an ectopic pregnancy gives, what early signs are characteristic of this condition, it is worth considering separately the nuances associated with the use of the test. This type of fertilization causes a delay in menstruation. In the first expected cycle, allocations may still be. As a rule, they are scanty, of a specific color. "Pseudo-mentruation" comes at the wrong time and lasts only a couple of days.

This alarms the woman, since a normal cycle, in any case, cannot look like this. Alerted, patients often purchase a pregnancy test.

The test will be positive. However, with ectopic localization of the ovum, the second strip is usually indistinct, blurred. Experts attribute this to the fact that the level is lower if the zygote is attached to the tissues of the tube.

However, there are tests that help to recognize the abnormal pregnancy, as well as assess the risk of tube rupture. However, in order to acquire and conduct such a specific test, a woman needs to be on the alert, distinguishing between the usual and abnormal variants of the course of pregnancy.

Sad consequences

The consequences of an ectopic pregnancy include:

rupture of the tube with subsequent migration of the ovum into the peritoneal cavity;
termination of an abnormal pregnancy in any other way;
massive bleeding due to detachment of the fetus from the walls of the epididymis;
bleeding due to actual damage to the pipe, which can be fatal for a woman;
development of peritonitis if blood enters the abdominal cavity with the subsequent development of inflammatory processes.

Patient treatment

Treatment of an interrupted abnormal pregnancy is carried out exclusively by the method of salpingoectomy. The deformed tube is removed if the gestation period is relatively early. There are two reasons for this:

stop massive bleeding that cannot be controlled in any other way;
get rid of an organ that has completely lost its functional potential.

Distinguish between laparoscopic and laparotomic scheme of surgical intervention. The intervention itself is quite traumatic and requires the appropriate qualifications of a doctor.

If the tube has retained its integrity, treatment of an ectopic progressive pregnancy is carried out in other ways. A chemical substance is injected into the ovum for the subsequent medical hardening of tissues. Then, the walls of the tube are excised, followed by the removal of the fetus.

The fabrics are carefully sewn up. No specialist gives a guarantee that the pipe will ultimately retain at least a minimum permeability. As for scars and fibrous cords, they are formed as a natural reaction of the body to surgical interventions.

Rehabilitation and subsequent preparation for pregnancy

All rehabilitation measures are presented below.

Immediately after the operation, intensive infusion therapy is prescribed in order to correct the water-electrolyte balance.
Antibiotic therapy to prevent a number of postoperative complications.
Stabilization of hormonal levels.
Contraception 6 to 12 months after surgery.
Prevention of adhesions using enzyme preparations.
Physiotherapy treatments for general health improvement.

Provided that the woman has at least one tube with optimal patency, the likelihood of getting pregnant in the future is quite high. The optimal period for re-conception is 1 year after surgery. In general, the prognosis is favorable, but on condition that the ailment was identified quite quickly and really professional help was provided.

Ectopic pregnancy (ectopic pregnancy) is the attachment (implantation) of a fertilized egg (zygote) outside the uterine cavity, usually in one of the fallopian tubes.

In a normal pregnancy, a sperm cell fertilizes an egg in one of the fallopian tubes that connect the uterus to the ovaries. Then the fertilized egg enters the uterus, attaches to its mucous membrane (endometrium), begins to grow and develop.

In an ectopic pregnancy, the zygote is implanted outside the uterine cavity, most often in one of the fallopian tubes (so-called tubal pregnancy). This is usually due to pipe damage or dysfunction. Less commonly (about 2% of cases), the egg attaches to the ovary, remains in the abdominal cavity, or descends into the cervix.

As long as an ectopic pregnancy progresses (develops), it does not cause any noticeable complaints and is only detected during a simple pregnancy test. However, most women seek medical attention when pregnancy is disturbed and symptoms develop. This usually occurs over a period of 5-14 weeks.

Having a baby as a result of an ectopic pregnancy is not possible, and the loss of a fetus can be hard for a woman. But if the ectopic pregnancy is not terminated, the further development of the egg can lead to rupture of the fallopian tube, which is accompanied by profuse internal bleeding, life-threatening.

Most often, ectopic pregnancy occurs in women over 35 years old. In our country, this pathology ranks 5-6 among the causes of maternal mortality and occurs in approximately 2% of all pregnancies.

Ectopic pregnancy symptoms

The only sign of an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages may be a delay in menstruation. At this stage, pathology can only be detected during an ultrasound scan. Symptoms usually appear in the 5-14th week of pregnancy, when the fetus reaches a certain size and the fallopian tube ruptures or tubal abortion - rejection of the fetus.

Signs of a ruptured fallopian tube:

severe sharp pain;
dizziness and lightheadedness;
nausea and vomiting;
diarrhea;
shoulder pain.

The pain usually occurs on one side of the abdomen and can be extremely intense. Sometimes it is accompanied by loss of consciousness. The pain increases with urination and bowel movements. Also, dark, less often bright red spotting from the vagina appears. The bleeding may not be permanent. Some women mistake it for the beginning of their period and do not know they are pregnant.

Typical signs of pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is accompanied by hormonal changes characteristic of a normal pregnancy, and therefore its characteristic symptoms at an early stage:

painful sensations in the mammary glands;
delay of menstruation;
increased need to urinate;
increased fatigue.

A pregnancy test can show a positive result even if the pregnancy is ectopic.

Abdominal pain can radiate to the shoulder. It usually occurs while lying down and indicates internal bleeding caused by an ectopic pregnancy. It is believed that when bleeding occurs, irritation of the phrenic nerve, located in the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and participates in the breathing process. Irritation of the phrenic nerve causes reflected pain in the shoulder joint.

An ectopic pregnancy sometimes has similar symptoms to a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting.

The most severe symptom of an ectopic pregnancy is shock. It occurs with rupture of the fallopian tube and subsequent internal bleeding. Dizziness and fainting are signs of shock. The following symptoms may also occur:

sudden sharp pain in the abdomen;
nausea;
increased heart rate;
pallor;
diarrhea.

A ruptured fallopian tube requires immediate medical attention.

Call an ambulance on 03 from a landline phone, 112 or 911 from a mobile phone if you have spotting and severe abdominal pain after a delay in your period.

In very rare cases, rupture of the fallopian tube leads to death, but with timely medical care, bleeding can be stopped, and the damaged fallopian tube can be restored or removed.

Causes

Causes of an ectopic pregnancy

It is not always possible to answer the question of why an ectopic pregnancy has occurred. It is believed that the most common cause is a dysfunction of the fallopian tubes (fallopian tubes). Under the influence of a number of factors, the fertilized egg may not reach the uterus and is attached in the tube. The length of the fallopian tube is about 10 cm, from the inside it is covered with millions of cells with moving villi - cilia. If the fallopian tube is damaged (obstruction or narrowing), the cilia cannot deliver the egg to the uterus, and pregnancy develops in the fallopian tube.

The most common risk factors for ectopic pregnancy are described below.

Inflammatory disease of the pelvic organs. It is a bacterial infection of the female reproductive system. Usually, the inflammation begins in the vagina or cervix and spreads to the higher genitals.

Postponed ectopic pregnancy. If you have had an ectopic pregnancy in the past, your risk of getting the disease again increases and ranges from 10% to 25%, depending on the underlying cause.

Prevention of ectopic pregnancy

You can reduce the risk of ectopic pregnancy by preventing pelvic inflammatory disease.

Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs are considered the main cause of ectopic pregnancy, as the infection can disrupt the function of the fallopian tubes.

Usually, inflammatory diseases are associated with genital infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, which first affect the vagina and then spread to the higher reproductive organs.

The most effective method of preventing sexually transmitted diseases is the use of a male condom. It is also necessary to undergo regular examinations in the following cases:

the emergence of a new sexual partner;
unprotected intercourse;
sexual intercourse with a person who may have a sexually transmitted infection;
the appearance of symptoms of genital infections.

If you suspect a genital infection, you can seek medical help from a gynecologist or venereologist. With the help of our service, you can find these specialists by clicking on the links.

Pregnancy is called ectopic when a fertilized egg is implanted in the fallopian tube, ovary, abdomen, or cervix. In this case, it is impossible to bear and give birth to a child, in addition, pathology poses a danger to the health and life of the woman herself. Therefore, it is important to detect the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy as early as possible, to diagnose and treat.

The severity of the signs can be different. Sometimes women already in the early stages determine the manifestations of pathology. But there are situations when it becomes known about the ectopic fixation of the ovum after a sharp deterioration in health and calling an ambulance.

But there are several signs that may indicate an ectopic embryo fixation:

Often the test is triggered later than in a normal pregnancy. This is due to the fact that the concentration of hCG rises slowly. With an ectopic embryo, the timing of the diagnosis is shifted by 2-3 days compared to normal.
After the first day of delay, a second strip of test appears. This is also due to the slow rise in urinary hCG levels.

If a specialist suspects the development of an ectopic pregnancy, the following studies are prescribed:

Laboratory blood test for hCG ... Human chorionic gonadotropin in blood increases more dynamically than in urine. Therefore, pregnancy can be confirmed in this way at an earlier date: 5-6 days after fertilization. To find out if it is ectopic, it is necessary to compare data from several studies. In normal pregnancy, the level of hCG doubles every 2 days, with pathological changes insignificant.
Transvaginal ultrasound ... With the help of an ultrasound examination, the position of the embryo can sometimes be determined from the 3rd week of pregnancy, but most often it is detected only by 4-5. If the doctor suspects an ectopic pregnancy, but the ovum is not visible (its size is extremely small), then a second examination is prescribed or the woman is hospitalized so that she is under constant medical supervision. Transvaginal ultrasound is the most reliable method for diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy, but it also gives an error in 10% of cases: the ovum is considered as a clot of blood or fluid. Therefore, the examination is always carried out in combination with a blood test for hCG.
... The procedure is carried out as diagnostic only according to indications: when there are serious suspicions of an ectopic pregnancy (symptoms, hCG dynamics), but it cannot be confirmed using ultrasound. Laparoscopic surgery is performed under general anesthesia, small punctures are made using special instruments, a tube with a camera and light is inserted, and the doctor examines the organs through the image on the monitor. If an ectopic pregnancy is detected, then therapeutic measures are immediately performed (removal of the ovum, etc.).

Symptoms

Since an ectopic pregnancy proceeds in different ways, specific symptoms may appear gradually, with a delay or absent altogether until an emergency condition develops (with bleeding, rupture of the fallopian tube, etc.). Therefore, it is not worth hoping only for a deterioration in well-being, it is necessary to carry out diagnostic procedures in parallel: determination of hCG, ultrasound.

The first symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy coincide with those of an ordinary pregnancy: general weakness, drowsiness appears, the mammary glands swell. Pathological implantation does not manifest itself at first. A woman may also experience: nausea, vomiting, dizziness.

At this stage, it is sometimes possible to determine an ectopic pregnancy using a test for the level of hCG in the urine. As noted above, in this case, its results may be delayed by several days, since the hormone is produced more slowly than usual. Therefore, if a woman notes signs of pregnancy in herself, but the test gives a negative result, it is likely that the ovum is fixed outside the uterus.

An early ectopic pregnancy has the same symptoms as a normal pregnancy, but their nature is somewhat different:

... Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy before menstruation are delayed are spotting or slight bleeding. When an embryo is implanted into the wall of the uterus, they are short-lived, lasting several hours. But if it is entrenched beyond its borders, this symptom will be more intense and prolonged.
... Often such sensations occur in the lower abdomen. During normal pregnancy, they are pulling, develop due to the increased tone of the uterus. With an ectopic, they accompany the process of implantation and development of the embryo, they can be localized in different areas - where the fertilized egg is attached. Later, the pain spreads to the entire abdomen. Its intensity is constantly increasing - from barely noticeable at first, to sharp, cramping after a few days.
General malaise ... A normal early pregnancy may be accompanied by decreased performance, increased sleepiness, and fatigue. With an ectopic, all these symptoms are more pronounced, in addition, dizziness, fainting develop.
Toxicosis ... Nausea and vomiting often accompany a normal pregnancy. In a pathological condition, these manifestations are more pronounced, intensifying every day.

At a later date, the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy increase faster, and in a critical situation, rapidly. A woman's blood pressure drops sharply, dizziness is frequent, and her body temperature rises. Sometimes there are signs of anemia due to a decrease in hemoglobin levels.

If there is a rupture of the fallopian tube and internal bleeding develops, then this is manifested by very severe pain, shock, loss of consciousness. Urgent medical attention required.

For each type of pathological fixation of the ovum, there are characteristic symptoms:

Pipe An ectopic pregnancy is manifested by pain on the left or right side, depending on where the fertilized egg was implanted. If it is fixed in the wide ampulla part, then the symptom appears at 8 weeks, if in the narrow (in the isthmus) - then at 5-6. The pain intensifies during walking, turning the torso, and sudden movements.
Ovarian ectopic pregnancy for a long time does not show any pathological symptoms. This is because the follicle can stretch to fit the size of the embryo. But when the limit of elasticity is reached, a strong point pain in the lower abdomen appears, gradually it spreads to the lower back and the area of the large intestine. The defecation becomes painful. The attack lasts from several minutes to hours and is accompanied by dizziness, lightheadedness.
Cervical and cervical-isthmus ectopic pregnancy is pain-free. Spotting comes to the fore - from smearing to profuse, profuse, posing a threat to life. Due to the increase in the size of the cervix, urination disorders (for example, frequent urge) develop.
Ectopic pregnancy in the abdomen in the early stages, it has symptoms that are no different from those in the usual one. But as the embryo grows, there are dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract (constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), signs of an "acute abdomen" (sharp pain, bloating, fainting).

What is an ectopic pregnancy and what symptoms are typical for it? With this pathology, the fertilized egg is fixed outside the uterus: most often in the fallopian tube, less often in the ovary, abdominal cavity, and cervical region.

It is possible to determine an ectopic pregnancy from 4-6 weeks using a blood test for hCG and ultrasound. Symptoms in the early stages are almost the same as during normal pregnancy, but gradually they become more pronounced and specific (localization and intensity of pain, bleeding, disturbances in the work of other organs).

Helpful Video About Ectopic Pregnancy Symptoms

Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancies without signs are rare. What to look for in order to avoid formidable complications?

When a fertilized egg is attached to the ovary, abdomen, fallopian tubes, or anywhere else but the uterus, the pregnancy is called an ectopic pregnancy. In this case, carrying a fetus is impossible, and an ectopic pregnancy cannot end with the birth of a child.

In obstetric practice, the diagnosis of "ectopic pregnancy" always sounds intimidating, threatens a pregnant woman with a sudden deterioration and unpredictable consequences. Alas, sometimes there is a particularly "insidious" ectopic pregnancy, the symptoms of which may not appear for a long time and declare themselves only as an emergency.

Danger of ectopic pregnancy

What is the reason for such a high danger of this pathology? The fact is that if a fertilized egg for some reason stops, say, in the fallopian tube, attaches to its mucous membrane and begins to develop there, this will sooner or later lead to an increase in the diameter of the tube. Considering that the structure of the appendages is not designed for such a load, after a few weeks stretching will become critical, signs of ectopic pregnancy will appear, and if you do not pay enough attention to them, the membrane of the fallopian tube may rupture. In this case, blood, mucus and ovum will enter the abdominal cavity, which must be absolutely sterile, infection will occur and very severe, almost unbearable pain, peritonitis will develop. In addition, vascular damage often leads to massive bleeding into the abdominal cavity. This is a critical condition in which treatment is carried out only in intensive care, under constant medical supervision.

A similar situation arises if not a tubal (most frequent) but an ovarian or abdominal ectopic pregnancy develops, the symptoms of which will differ, but there will also be a danger of peritonitis.

See a doctor at the first sign!

Fortunately, not every case ends so hard. In more than 60%, symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy such as bleeding or pain make a woman see a doctor before complications arise. This is the most favorable outcome of the situation, implying the timely detection of pathology and surgical or drug treatment. It is worth noting that if several decades ago the affected organ was removed, often together with the uterus, now very gentle methods are used in medical practice, which in some cases allow preserving the integrity of the structure. Of course, the earlier the abnormal position of the ovum is detected, the more chances of successful therapy are. Therefore, knowing the first signs of an ectopic pregnancy is very important for every woman.

It is noteworthy that in about a third of cases, complications arise against the background of excellent health, but most often the patients simply do not pay attention to the first signs of an ectopic pregnancy or do not attach due importance to them.

Ectopic pregnancy symptoms

So, any pain in the lower abdomen at the initial stage of pregnancy must be alerted - these are the most common symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy. Usually painful sensations arise on one side of the abdomen, at the site of the affected fallopian tube, but sometimes, in the case of a cervical pregnancy or the location of the fetus in the abdominal cavity, the middle part of the abdomen can hurt. Pain is often associated with a change in body position, aggravated by walking, turning the body. The period at which these signs of ectopic pregnancy appear depends on the location of the fetus. If it develops in the ampulla, the widest part of the fallopian tube, the pain begins to bother at about 8 weeks of gestation, when located in the narrowest part of the tube - the isthmus - already at 5-6 weeks. If there is an ovarian or abdominal ectopic pregnancy, symptoms may be absent for the first four weeks. Cervical pregnancy, in which implantation occurs in the cervix, is accompanied by pain very rarely and can go unnoticed for a long time.

Early signs of ectopic pregnancy include spotting. Cervical pregnancy leads to profuse, prolonged bleeding from the vagina, since the attachment of the ovum occurs in an area very rich in blood vessels. Sometimes the blood loss is huge and poses a threat to a woman's life, in addition, with such an arrangement of the embryo, there is a great risk that the uterus will have to be removed to save the pregnant woman.

Much more common is a tubal ectopic pregnancy, the symptoms of which also include bleeding, indicating damage to the wall of the fallopian tube. The most favorable situation when the tube does not rupture, and the ovum spontaneously detaches itself, is called a tubal abortion and is always accompanied by bloody vaginal discharge.

Methods for determining ectopic pregnancy

Other, most reliable methods for determining the abnormal location of the embryo are also relevant. It is known that a normal pregnancy proceeds with a more significant increase in hormones than an ectopic pregnancy, the signs of which can be detected in the laboratory (read the article ""). Already when determining pregnancy with a test strip, a woman sometimes pays attention to a weak second strip. This may indicate about - a hormone that appears during pregnancy. Quantifying the level of hCG in the blood will help clarify the situation - when the embryo is located in the uterus, the concentration of the hormone correlates with the period and increases every day, and deviations from normal values suggest an abnormal location of the embryo.

However, the most indicative method for determining the position of the embryo is ultrasound, when using a vaginal probe, the position of the ovum in the uterus is visually confirmed. By the way, in the abdominal cavity or the appendages, the embryo is determined with difficulty, but the fact that with positive laboratory tests for pregnancy, the ovum in the uterus is not found, makes it possible to establish the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy.

There are also the most critical signs of ectopic pregnancy that occur at any place of attachment of the ovum and indicate significant organ damage - rupture of the tube, ovarian surface, intestines or bladder during abdominal pregnancy. Internal bleeding occurs, extremely life-threatening. It can be determined by such signs as sharp, intense pain in the lower abdomen, sudden or gradually growing severe weakness and pallor of the skin, sweating, loss of consciousness or dizziness, discharge from the genital tract of blood. This condition requires immediate hospitalization.

Details about the causes of ectopic pregnancy.

Among the reasons leading to this pathology, one can single out those that the woman is unaware of. As, for example, the inactivity of sperm, or congenital constitutional features of the structure of the genitals. However, according to statistics, most often such a pregnancy occurs in those women who are either hereditarily burdened - their mothers, aunts or grandmothers faced similar problems, or resorted to abortions, or suffer from inflammatory diseases of the appendages, which led to adhesions, scars, irregularities walls and kinks of the fallopian tubes. In addition, it should be borne in mind that with age, the risk of anomalies increases, and signs of ectopic pregnancy in women over 35 years of age should be evaluated with redoubled attention. These categories constitute the so-called "risk group", and they can be recommended to perform an ultrasound scan two weeks after a positive pregnancy test result to reliably confirm that the ovum is in the uterine cavity. In addition, it is advisable to undergo an ultrasound examination at 3-4 weeks of fetal development for every woman who has symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy. This preventive measure will help prevent possible complications in time, and a positive result will instill in you confidence in the normal development of the unborn baby.

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Showed one pale and one bright streak, but after two weeks ...

Sex during menstruation, after sex there were pains in the lower abdomen, and ...

The last monthly 7.11.15 is now a delay, I did 3 tests in different ...

I'm worried about pains in the lower abdomen .. chest pains started ...

We are protected! After ovulation for 3 days, there was a brown daub! ...

Can we say that pregnancy is uterine? Or you need to pass more ...

Positive, on the ultrasound there is a corpus luteum (right), the uterus is up to ...

I passed hGC 502 yesterday. I went for an ultrasound scan today, the doctor does not see ...

The day of the delay is still a test, positive. On the 7th day, the delays began ...

How did I know about it. On the day when menstruation was supposed to go, and ...

The last day is the beginning of the cycle. Pregnancy test positive ....

The test is positive, on the same day I did an ultrasound, pregnancy did not ...

It hurts, especially on the left. Was at the doctor, she said that the uterus ...

I stayed inside, I pulled it out, just in case I drank the "escapade" ...

Education (fetus egg?), The gynecologist cannot understand what it is. Tests ...

But during these I have pain in the lower abdomen. menstruation has passed, and ...

On the "salty", increase and increased sensitivity ...

Pregnancy is positive. The ultrasound was sent for control in 10 ...

Urologist) menstruation became scarce, black caked blood, pain in ...

Blood. the doctor says, as it were, pregnancy. there is nothing ultrasound ...

Days, from 18.02. beginning to smear: pinkish discharge ... test for ...

The abdomen occasionally and in weight has added, maybe it's an ectopic ...

I made 2 tests from different companies - negative. there is discharge, ...

Allocations. We have not used contraception for 1.5 months. Sometimes nauseous ...

There was a delay for 16 days already. I had pains in the lower abdomen not so ...

Large pinkish discharge, yesterday was the 5th day like ...

Days.test negative.cycle 30-32 days.before such long ...

Normally, on 12/11/12 my periods started again ....

Increased blood pressure, mood swings, depression. Is it possible to...

Stomach ache as before menstruation, but menstruation was 10 days ago ...

September I arrived on a long business trip 1100 km to the south ...

We went the other way around, the test again shows two stripes ...

Test, every three days, negative. Chest hurts, pains ...

Bleeding and daub, on the 3rd day of bleeding there was a temperature ...

Personally, it was difficult, tk. menstruation passed, but continued very ...

Dear Priest: Remaining Monthly Boules 01.07. Zavagitnila ...

B tests show negative results, dizziness, ...

Visions. delay 12 days. what could it be?...

This month, your period came a week earlier, your period went away, and ...

Test - showed a negative result. Could it be ...

Which ended in a spontaneous abortion. No medicine ...

The pipe. now the test shows 2 strips, they are bloody ...