Preparations 

Fungal and non-fungal toenail diseases - symptoms and characteristic signs, treatment methods. Try professional restoration. Treatment of sick nails: traditional medicine

Gel nail polish is one of the most beloved beauty trends of the fair sex. And she is one of the most controversial. Whatever the manicure masters in beauty salons say, complications after it are much more common than we would like. Is it always the fault of the woman who did the manicure, or does the manicure master also bear the blame?

Gel polish dries under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, which is emitted by special lamps. From a safety point of view, LED lamps are more preferable, as they complete the task much faster, thereby reducing the risk of skin damage.

Experts note that if a woman regularly repeats the procedure, each time exposing her hands to ultraviolet light, she may encounter such troubles as premature aging of the skin of her hands, the appearance of age spots and wrinkles on them. It also increases the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is always worth putting on special gloves with open fingers before starting to dry the coating.

Long wear of gel polish is also unsafe. When manicurists say that a manicure should be done at least once every 4 weeks, you should listen to their words. These tips are dictated by concern for the client, and not by the desire of the master to “enrich” his wallet. Exceeding the period recommended by the manufacturer for wearing the coating is fraught with the appearance of chips and cracks on the nails, delamination and thinning of the nail plate, peeling of the skin of the hands and cuticles, the appearance of fungus and other diseases.

The blame for spoiling the client can also fall on the shoulders of the master. Gel polishes of the latest generation are usually very resistant, which is both a plus and a minus. The bad news is that removing gel polish without consequences is not always possible. Especially if the master uses cheap, low-quality bases from AliExpress. Twenty-minute soaks of nails in acetone or in solutions based on it also dry out the cuticle. Therefore, they become every time weaker and thinner.

Dermatologist from New York - Dana Stern says: “Nails are made up of cells called keratinocytes. Under the microscope, they look like tiles on a roof that fit snugly together. When you remove a gel polish, you not only remove the coating, but also the top layers of these cells, which can lead to textural bumps and white dots on the nails.” An alternative to the manual method of removing gel polish can be a hardware method that removes the coating more safely and delicately.

If, when removing gel polish, you find fragile nail plates, the surface of which is uneven, there are delaminations, the color has changed, there is an unpleasant smell, and the cuticle is dry - know that your nails need to be restored, which, depending on the type of problem, may require 1 ,5-3 months.

Expert comment

Every woman wants the manicure to remain neat for as long as possible, the varnish to hold well, retain its color and not lose its appearance under the influence of water or any mechanical influences. Therefore, recently gel polishes have become especially popular.

Gel polish adheres very well to nails. Firstly, because of the method of its application, and secondly, because of the composition. Nail plates are pre-prepared for coating. The top layer of each nail is sawn off, after which a gel polish is applied, which hardens under the influence of UV rays. Since the protective layer is broken, the product adheres firmly to the nail. Gel polish lasts an average of three weeks.

When it comes time to remove the cover, some women, due to cost savings or lack of time, decide to do it themselves without having the specific knowledge to do so. In such cases, a solvent or acetone is often used. An aggressive agent dissolves the varnish and removes it from the nail plate. But during this time it also affects the nail itself, dries it out, makes it brittle, due to which the nail plate begins to exfoliate. Some women chip off the old coating, as if “tearing it off” from the nail. Since the nails were initially damaged, they become thinner even more.

After removing the coating, the nails become dull, easily broken and exfoliated. May take on a yellow tint. There are even cases when the plate completely moves away from the nail bed and the nail comes off completely. There are risks that an unhealthy nail will grow in place of such a nail.

Before planning treatment procedures for nails, it is necessary to consult a dermatologist to exclude fungal and dermatological diseases. In addition, you should enlist patience - the result will be only on the condition that you follow all the recommendations on a regular basis.

1. Change your diet

Not the most obvious advice, but one of the most effective. Nutrient deficiencies in your diet can be the cause of wavy nails. In addition, a balanced diet supports the health of nails, stimulating their growth and contributing to a speedy recovery. Try to include more meat, fish, eggs and cheese in your diet, as they contain the protein that nails need.

To keep nails strong and hard, lean on foods rich in calcium - dairy products, nuts and legumes. Another element that matters for nail health is iron. It is found in red meats and especially in the liver. Don't forget about zinc! This element helps nails become stronger. You can find it in seafood, poultry and meat.

2. Minimize the length

The longer damaged nails grow, the more they are prone to cracking, splitting and damage. In this case, weak nails break, as a rule, very deeply. For a speedy recovery, you need to cut the length as much as possible, making small roundings along the edges of the nail.

3. Take care of your cuticles

The condition of the nails depends on the health of the cuticle. Apply cosmetic cuticle oil (or natural - castor, almond, wheat germ) to the skin around the nail two to three times a day. Then "seal" it with a thick fat cream. Thanks to such actions, the cuticle will receive all the nutrients it needs and moisture will not evaporate, but will remain under a layer of cream.

Resist the temptation to "correct" the ridges around the nail. The cuticle is designed to protect the new nails that form directly below it in the matrix. And this is another reason why the cuticle should always be moisturized.

5. Avoid nail polishing

No matter how much you want to "align" the nail plate, don't do it. Additional polishing will further damage the nails, due to which the recovery process will increase significantly.

6. Use repair varnishes

On sale you can find therapeutic nail polishes with vitamins A, E, D and B5, keratin and minerals. Choose ones that mask dull nail color and yellowness. They can be colored and with glossy tints, for daily wear and use several times a week.

This unique beauty product is specially designed for sealing nails. In addition to beeswax, the formula may include honey and other nutrients. After application, a thin film appears on the nails, which protects them from external damage and gives a beautiful natural shine. It is worth considering that beeswax is rich in resins, beta-carotene, minerals and propolis, which are good for nail health.

The technology of the procedure is simple: first you need to do a manicure, then apply a drop of wax on the nail plates and rub it well directly into the nails and the skin around them. Finally, polish the surface of the plates with a polishing file (1200 grit) until the nails are perfectly smooth.

8. Practice paraffin baths

Purchase cosmetic paraffin, heat it in a water bath to a pleasant warmth and apply the mixture generously on the skin of the hands and nails, then put on gloves, creating a thermal effect. The procedure treats peeling and dehydration of the skin, slows down the aging process and promotes the restoration of nails. You need to practice it 2-3 times a week, lasting 15-30 minutes.

9. Try a professional restoration

There are lines of professional products that are created directly for restoring nails after. They contain all the substances necessary for damaged nails. After application, they adhere firmly to the nail plates, thereby forming a resistant protective coating. The products fill in damage, glue cracks, help get rid of white dots on the nails, and allow you to have a beautiful manicure after the first procedure.

  • Where to remove the old coating?

Entrust this business to a professional. New generation coatings are now being used, rubber bases and protective coatings that are difficult to soak. And if you soak your nails 2-3 times, this will also lead to overdrying of the nail plate and the skin around it, so the masters mainly remove gel polish by hardware.

  • What to do with damaged nails?

It is necessary to restore the elasticity of the nail. To do this, the salons offer a wonderful procedure - a hot manicure. This procedure is for deep moisturizing of nails and skin of hands. There are also other types of restoration: therapeutic sealing and restoration of the nail plate with the IBX system.

Therapeutic sealing is more suitable for those who do not have a thin nail plate. IBX is suitable for the prevention of nail problems and their recovery.

  • What to do at home?

Heat any cosmetic oil, cream or hand lotion in a water bath to 38-40 degrees Celsius. Dip your hands into it (you can use the phalanges of your fingers), hold it in heated oil for 15-20 minutes. Then blot with a dry cloth and massage your hands and nails. Before the procedure, it is better to peel the skin of the hands and remove the delamination from the nails with a grinder.

If you decide to go without gel polish, you need to protect your nails from external factors while they are still weak. Use cuticle oil and wax. You can also apply medicated varnishes daily. By following these rules, you will save your nails from damage!

Let your nails be elastic, strong and with a healthy shine!

The presence of cracks, peeling, delamination indicates that the nail is damaged. This causes severe discomfort, which is difficult to endure. However, nail problems are often easy to treat even at home.

There are several factors that can contribute to nail damage, and therefore they can say a lot about your health. According to Hindustantimes.com, “The condition of our nails can be a warning sign of hidden diseases. A certain shape, color and size of the nail plate is the first sign of the underlying disease. Unfortunately, nail damage can be permanent, in which case the abnormal growth will persist forever.

Causes

Bad nails can have a number of possible causes.

Infections – fungal, bacterial and viral

The most common cause of nail damage is infection, usually fungal or bacterial. The fungus can lead to the separation of the nail plates, their thickening and discoloration to white or yellow.

When an overgrowth of bacteria called Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) occurs, the nails take on a greenish-black tint, a condition known as hyperpigmentation.

The presence of viral periungual warts can also lead to deformation of the nail plate and affect the skin under the nail.

Infection can lead to serious damage, up to the complete loss of nails, but there are a number of signs by which it is easy to determine its presence on the nails.

Bacterial infection (caused by Pseudomonas)
fungal infection

Heredity

Nail plate deformity can also be a genetic problem. This can affect members of the same family, that is, if the parents had deformed nails, most likely this will also affect their children.

Diseases

There are many diseases that can lead to nail damage. They can limit the level of oxygen in the blood, lead to the accumulation of toxins and other unpleasant manifestations. Here is a complete list of diseases that can lead to nail damage:

  • kidney disease
  • lung disease
  • Thyroid diseases
  • Severe illness or surgery usually results in horizontal dents in the nail
  • Hutchinson's Sign (Progeria)
  • Wilson's disease
  • Melanoma

 Leukonychia - partial or complete (total) whitening of the nail plate. May be a sign of internal diseases and disorders. It is an erroneous outdated opinion that this is due to a lack of useful elements.

Each of the above diseases has a different effect on the nail. Some limit the level of oxygen in the blood (or impair blood circulation), others lead to dehydration, while still others cause disruptions in the hormonal background. All these factors negatively affect the nail plate.

physical injury

Physical impact can easily damage the nails and even cause their irreversible deformation. There are many types of nail damage, but the damage will depend on how severe the injury was. As a rule, people injure fingers and toes, and damaged places include the root and body of the nail. This, as a result, will cause abnormal growth of unsightly shaped nails.

Constant exposure to the cuticle, such as cutting it, can lead to trauma to the nail bed, which can eventually cause nail dystrophy. Prolonged exposure to moisture or polish is another cause of nail damage.


 Hematoma

Dehydration

Usually dehydrated or dry nails are prone to splitting and cracking. This is due to insufficient moisture in the nail plate or due to a disorder caused by an infection. Other causes of dry nails include exposure to harsh weather conditions. Therefore, it is very important to moisturize your fingernails and toenails to avoid damaging them.

Some medicines

Taking certain medications can also cause damage to the nails due to their side effects. They can upset the balance of hormones in the body, leading to impaired nail growth.

Skin diseases

There are also certain dermatological conditions that can lead to nail problems. Among them are psoriasis, warts, lichen planus. Psoriasis can lead to complete detachment of the nail plate from the finger. Lichen planus is a chronic itchy rash that usually affects the skin under the nails and can damage the nails themselves.


 Psoriasis
Lichen planus

In fact, there are many more skin disorders that can affect the nail plate. And also a lot of ways to treat them. Therefore, do not self-medicate, seek qualified medical help.

Poor diet

Nail damage can also be caused by a lack of certain nutrients. An iron deficiency (anemia) causes the nails to take on the shape of a lodge, a condition called koilonychia. The accumulation of iron or nitrogen, severe protein deficiency can also lead to damage to the nails. Therefore, the best solution is to consult with a nutritionist to draw up a correct, balanced diet.

Extreme weather

The weather can also lead to different types of nail damage. Firstly, it can cause dry nails, and therefore they will peel and crack. On the other hand, it can cause a certain skin condition at the base of the nail, resulting in deformed growth. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the optimal level of moisture in the nail plate.

Ingestion of poisons

There are substances that pose a threat to the human body and can potentially damage nails. Arsenic poisoning can cause horizontal bumps and white lines. If the nails turn blue, this may be a symptom of silver ingestion. For more information about poisoning, see your doctor.

Other reasons

In addition to the above reasons, nail damage can be caused by aging. As we age, the balance in the body is usually disturbed, and therefore the skin is prone to diseases and conditions, such as dryness, which can lead to damage to the nails. Nail biting (may be a symptom of compulsive disorder) is another cause of nail deformity.

Symptoms

Bad nails are usually immediately noticeable to their owner and often causes panic and embarrassment, especially when there is a chance that others will notice it. Symptoms will mainly depend on the causes of nail destruction. Some of them can be so severe that they lead to complete loss of the nail. The main symptoms of nail damage include the following:

  • Peeling, cracking, delamination, thinning and brittleness
  • Formation of transverse lines
  • Small hole formation
  • Formation of longitudinal, pronounced tubercles
  • hyperpigmentation
  • fragility
  • Club fingers or fingers of Hippocrates
  • Appearance of new or dark bands
  • Separation of the nail from the nail bed
  • Minor or severe cuts to the nail bed and cuticles
  • Lack of gloss and discoloration – a condition called onycholysis
  • Blue nails
  • Thickening of the nail plate
  • Terry's nails - two tone nails (pink front and white back)
  • Whitening under nails
  • Fully straight, flat nails

Treatment

Many conditions that cause nail damage can be effectively treated with home remedies, medications, or combinations thereof. However, first of all, it is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis in order to select the correct treatment technique.

Traditional means

The selection of medications for damaged nails definitely depends on the cause of the development of this condition, as well as the severity of the symptoms. In the event of an infection, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral drugs may be used. Your doctor may prescribe oral and topical antibiotics. If the cause is a nutritional deficiency in the diet, a vitamin B complex and dietary supplements will be prescribed. There are many ways to treat damage to the nail, each of them corresponds to a specific disease. If home treatment does not work, seek medical attention.

home remedies

Folk recipes for the treatment of defects in the nail plate are the use of products available to everyone for the treatment and prevention of the development of further damage. Most of them can be easily fixed at home. Here are proven home treatments:

  • Moisturize nails: Using essential oils such as olive oil, coconut oil, or lavender oil. Aloe vera can also be used for this purpose. Apply these products to your nails regularly. In addition to the listed products, other vegetable oils can be used to avoid dryness and cracking of the nail plate.
  • Do not forget about the cuticle. It also needs to be moisturized regularly. Burt’s Bees lemon butter cuticle cream, which has a lot of positive reviews, is well suited for this, for example. The product contains vitamin E, which effectively moisturizes the skin.
  • A consultation with a nutritionist will help you establish a diet and make it complete and balanced. Foods rich in biotin will be a good prevention of nail diseases. In addition, the right diet will eliminate the possibility of deficiency or excess of iron in the body.
  • The key is proper nail care. Trim your nails regularly to prevent them from drying out and cracking. When cleaning, gardening, or washing dishes, wear rubber gloves to protect your nails from household chemicals and other external factors. Regular soaps and personal care products can also dry out the nail bed.
  • Having noticed abnormal growth, shape, color of nails, or other damage, it is recommended to consult a doctor in order to exclude serious diseases as the cause of this condition. Otherwise, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate medication.

findings

Bad nails are a fairly common problem that can be effectively dealt with at home. However, if the symptoms become chronic or worsen despite treatment, you should visit your doctor as soon as possible, as the cause may lie in a serious underlying disease.

A competent professional master will never make mistakes, which we will tell you about today. After all, they can harm the nails and damage them. Alas, not all manicure specialists do everything right, so you should be more careful.

1. Cutting the cuticle

Although often this type of manicure - edged, is offered by nail studios, however, professional nail masters are categorically against such a procedure. After all, the cuticle stands on the protection of the nail from all kinds of infections and infections, and by cutting it, you expose the nail.

What to do? Gently move it with an orange stick, use cuticle oil, remover.

2. Improper use of the nail file

Unfortunately, often girls really saw their nails, in both directions, without thinking about the consequences. And filing nails incorrectly means destroying the nail plate, creating cracks, which leads to brittle nails.

What to do? File the nail plate strictly in one direction.

3. Shaking the polish before use

Many people continue to shake the varnish before applying it to the nails. The general misconception that the varnish supposedly lays down more evenly after that is just a misconception. In the bottle, when shaken, air bubbles form, which will then bulge on your nails.

What to do? Warm the varnish by rolling in the palms.

4. Too thick layer of varnish

Applying varnish like bread on butter in thick layers means creating a lot of bubbles and bumps. It also takes a long time to dry.

What to do? Apply varnish in several thin layers.

5. Unpainted edges of nails

To apply varnish on the nail and not grab the edges means to ensure its quick chipping.

What to do? Capture the edge when staining, this will ensure its long durability.

6. Lack of fixative in manicure

Applying a fixer badly means depriving the varnish of its functionality. Even if it is transparent, its not careful application will spoil the whole look of the manicure after the varnish dries and shorten its days.

What to do? Very high quality and neatly cover the nails with a fixative.

7. Incorrect drying of varnish

Drying nails in ice water is wildness. despite its popularity, this method is extremely inefficient. After all, the varnish simply hardens in water, and does not dry.

What to do? Do not use water for drying, dry only in the air or with the help of special lamps. But it is better to wash your hands with a manicure not in hot, but in cold water, so nail art will live longer.

8. "Wadding" adjustment

Often we make mistakes during a manicure, most often this is corrected with a cotton swab dipped in nail polish remover. But acetone has a bad effect on the skin, in addition, it is very easy to ruin a manicure.

What to do? Use a special manicure brush designed for nail art.

9. Using a file to remove gel polish

Removing gel polish with a nail file is barbaric. This is extremely damaging to the nail plate. Such procedures thin the nail and weaken it.

What to do? Use professional gel polish removers.

When choosing a manicure master, pay attention to whether he makes such mistakes. and if so, think about the level of his professionalism and find a real master. If you do a manicure yourself, now you know exactly what not to do.

Shellac, gel polishes and other resistant coatings that are dried with an ultraviolet lamp made a splash: finally, a resistant manicure for 2-3 weeks! But after removing the coating, many girls noted that the nails look terrible: they exfoliate, break, become thinner ...

We figured out why this happens, and how to restore health to the nails.

The gel that is applied to the nails is a complex chemical compound based on hydrated collagen, which is “fused” into the top layer of the nail plate using ultraviolet light. When removing the coating, it is removed along with the very top layer of the nail plate. Therefore, when a new manicure method was invented, heated discussions arose among specialists about how safe the technique is. In fact, the controversy has not subsided so far, so the first piece of advice that is unanimously voiced by leading manicure experts is that resistant coatings cannot be applied all the time. Recommended mode - 2 manicures with a resistant coating - 3 months break (without coating or with regular varnish).

But there are still some things you need to know before you decide.

1. The ultraviolet light used during the procedure is very aggressive to skin cells. If you have moles on your hands, be especially careful. And for owners of sensitive skin, a UV lamp can even cause a burn!

2. Under a resistant coating, the nail plate is completely devoid of oxygen and moisture, which is an additional factor causing the plate to dry out, become brittle and delamination.

Popular

3. When removing the coating, an aggressive solution is used, which is applied to the nails under foil or a special impervious material for at least 20 minutes. It also destroys the nail.

If you still think that a permanent manicure is worth it, take care to properly restore your nails after removing the coating.

1. Nutrition

You will be surprised, but this is the most important stage, and not at all medical varnishes or masks. Eat more oily fish, eggs, and cheese before removing permanent nail polish. The calcium they contain is a building material for the nail, and the thicker the nail plate, the less noticeable the damage caused by resistant coatings.

2. Trace elements

Bioadditives or vitamin complexes with a high content of iron and zinc are an excellent help to nails, these elements make them elastic, elastic, smooth and return a healthy pink tone.

3. Vitamins

Vitamin C is famous for its whitening effect, so a couple of citrus fruits a day will have a positive effect on the condition of the nails. No, not inside, but in the form of a mask: grind the pulp of a lemon, orange or grapefruit into a pulp, apply on your nails and put on gloves for half an hour.

And now - what to do when the coating is removed.

1. Cut your nails short.

The shorter the plate - the less it exfoliates and breaks.

2. Polish

A regular polishing file will remove the remnants of the damaged layer and open air to the undamaged layers of the plate. Let your nails breathe!

3. Buy gloves

And in the next 2-3 weeks, do all the housework related to water with gloves. Give your nails a break from the chemicals!

4. Treat your cuticles

In the morning and in the evening, massage the cuticles (and the nail at the same time) with jojoba, apricot or olive oil. Oil for nails and cuticles will restore the structure of the nail and reduce its fragility.

5. Use healing polishes

Formulas with protein complexes are especially good.

6. Make a gelatin mask

Dissolve a tablespoon of gelatin in a glass of hot water and dip your nails into it as soon as the temperature of the solution becomes comfortable. Hold for 20 minutes, blot with a napkin.

7. Try an iodine bath

Do not be afraid: if you do it in the evening, by morning the iodine will evaporate, and the color of the nails will not suffer. So, dissolve in 200 ml of water 2 tablespoons of ordinary salt and half a tablespoon of iodine. Dip your hands in water for 15 minutes, then rinse with running water, apply cream and go to bed. This bath stimulates the growth of the nail and improves its structure.

8. Prepare the paraffin wrap

Melt the paraffin candle, let the paraffin cool to a comfortable temperature, dip your nails into the viscous mass and let it cool completely on your hands.

Healthy nails are not only beautiful, but also considered a sign of a healthy body. Unfortunately, more and more problems arise with nails, many of which cannot be solved without a qualified specialist.

All diseases of the nails on the hands and feet can be divided into two main groups: fungal and non-fungal. But before proceeding with their definition, it is necessary to understand not only the causes and factors contributing to the violation of the nail plate, but also the structure and growth of a healthy nail.

The structure of the nail

Nails act as a protective shell for our fingertips. They have three main components:

The root is located under the skin, the body is the nail plate, and the edge is the regrown part of the nail. Growth begins with the root, which gradually lengthens and forms the nail plate. The cuticle, or nail skin, helps hold the nail against the skin. Many people probably know that cutting the cuticle is harmful, but, nevertheless, this does not stop anyone. But in vain, because it plays an important role in the development of the nail.

The reverse side, which connects the nail plate to the fingertip, is called the nail bed. Its upper part (white) is called the nail hole. The nails themselves should be transparent, but this hole creates a visual effect of white.

Nail growth

Nails grow one centimeter every hundred days. Hand nails grow faster than toe nails. That is, in order to completely change the nail plate, it will take about six months. But given that toenails grow 50% slower, they will need a whole year. In general, the figures given are approximate, because everything depends on a number of factors:

    the man himself,

    his age

  • physical activity,

    heredity.

It will take time for you to grow long healthy nails.

Causes of non-fungal diseases

Skin and nails are a mirror reflecting the state of the human body. What are the causes of nail diseases?

    improper care;

  • unhealthy diet;

    infectious diseases;

  • heredity;

    dermatitis;

  • disease of the heart, nervous system, thyroid gland.

Most of the causes are created by ourselves, so we should seriously think about eliminating them.

Also, if deep grooves suddenly appeared on the nails, it means that a yeast infection has occurred. The appearance of yellowness, delamination, breakage are the consequences of serious diseases, impaired metabolism, contact with chemicals that adversely affect nails, poor-quality varnishes and other cosmetics, and bad shoes.

A healthy nail is...?

A healthy nail should look like this:

    Have a pinkish color

    smooth surface,

    Must be unsealed.

These are three important criteria for healthy nails. As soon as the deformation of the nail plate (yellowing, for example) begins, this is the first signal that something wrong is happening in the body. It is important to respond to the disease in time, because if you do not start treatment, then a simple disease can develop into something more.

The relationship between health and human nails

As already mentioned, nails are a kind of indicator indicating health or “malfunctions” in the body. And this is good, because thanks to their function, it is possible to detect the disease early and start its treatment in time.

So, white spots indicate liver disorders. If the nail is white and pink at the same time, then there are problems with the kidneys. Red nail bed? It is worth checking the heart. Yellowish color of the nails and at the same time their compaction is observed? Possible lung problems. A pale nail bed is characteristic of anemia. If the nails are not only yellow, but also have a bluish base, then this indicates diabetes.

Diseases of the body can be reflected on the nail plate

Less serious signs also indicate human health:

    white spots: a common problem. Causes are trauma or impact. Specialized treatment is not required, as everything will pass by itself;

    thickening of the nails: the causes can be both psoriasis or a fungal infection, as well as age-related changes or injuries;

    vertical cracks: the reason is too frequent interaction with water, so you should pay attention to foods rich in zinc and iron;

    exfoliation of the nail: the main reason is frequent interaction with chemicals and substances, in this regard, you need to protect your hands with gloves.

Now you can move on to the main diseases of the nails.

Non-fungal nail diseases

There are many such diseases, but the most common are the following types.

Leukonechia

The nail becomes cloudy white. And the main reason for this is psoriasis. Also, long-term use of low-quality varnish.

Onycholysis

The nail first becomes white, and then the nail plate exfoliates from the nail bed. Causes: psoriasis, trauma.

Melanonychia

Nails blacken. A disease appears due to injuries or swelling of the nail bed.

Hyperkeratosis

The nail bed gradually thickens, due to the development of psoriasis, lichen planus, eczema and dermatitis.

Chromonychia

Nails turn yellow. Occurs due to age, drugs, poor circulation, smoking, cheap nail polish, liver disease, poor quality detergents.

Paronychia

Its causes are allergies or infections, and at the same time, the periungual roller becomes inflamed.

Grooves on the nails

The grooves can be transverse and longitudinal. They arise due to malnutrition, lack of vitamins, anemia, stomach problems, as well as poor-quality manicure and pedicure and nail injuries.

Delamination of nails

There are many reasons: lack of calcium, diseases of the heart and endocrine system, the use of very hard nail files and improper processing of the nail.

Other nail diseases

Other diseases include those associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, that is, mainly household injuries and non-serious diseases.

Nail discoloration

Causes: anemia, smoking, general deterioration in health, cheap varnish. What to do? Wait until the nail grows back and continue to avoid cheap varnishes from unknown manufacturers that are absorbed into the nail plate and do not come out.

bitten nails

It's not a disease, it's just a bad habit. But it also leads to the destruction of the nail plate. To get rid of addiction, you can smear your fingertips with pepper and do a manicure as often as possible.

Yellow nails in smokers

Nails are even not just yellow, but brown. They can be bleached with hydrogen peroxide or contact a specialist for help.

grooved nails

Cause: injury. But the defect is covered with varnish or polished with pumice powder.

Hypertrophy

This is a thickening of the nail, which can hardly be called a normal phenomenon. The cause is usually a local infection.

Atrophy

On the contrary, it is an abnormal thinning of the nail. It becomes not only thin, but also white, easily bending. The nail plate is bent, separated from the nail bed. Reason: chronic disease.

Onychotrophy

Reason: injury, illness. Consequences: disappearance of shine, flaking of nails.

Pterygium

In this case, the cuticle is attached to the nail and grows forward. It must be carefully removed and lubricated with almond oil.

Hanging nail

The nail just cracks at the base. Reasons: dryness of the cuticle, deep cutting, sloppy manicure. Possible consequences: infections.

bruised nail

Dark purple or almost black spots are characteristic. The reason for its appearance: injury and bleeding in the nail bed. The blood dries up and does not detach. You should try to avoid excessive pressure, as the nail can peel off.

Ingrown nail

A fairly popular problem that occurs due to improperly done manicure. For example, if the nails did not have time to grow and they were cut off on the sides. As a result, it turns out that the nail grows into the side ridges, instead of growing straight. This leads to inflammation. If the case is severe and neglected, then it is necessary to resort to an operation performed under local anesthesia. If this is noticed at the initial stage, then finger massage can help.

barbs

Burrs appear as a result of careless attitude to your hands and improper care. They cannot be torn off and chewed. You can get an infection. You need to carefully cut them with small scissors, lubricate the place with iodine. Burrs are not a disease of the nails, but, nevertheless, you should not leave them unattended. This is a kind of tear of the cornea. Causes of appearance: the use of irritants and poor hygiene. Their danger lies in the fact that they are conductors of infection, which leads to inflammation of the periungual roller. It is for this reason that they must be removed, but in no case should they be cut off so as not to form open wounds, which become the site of infection.

fungal diseases

These are more serious infectious diseases that should be treated immediately.

Getting rid of a fungal disease is not too easy.

Candidiasis of the nail folds

How to understand? Red, sore and swollen skin around the nails. Causes: cuts during the manicure process. What's happening? A fungus gets under the back nail roller and begins its reproduction.

Epidermophytosis

This fungal infection affects not only the nails, but also the skin. The skin becomes inflamed, begins to peel and itch. You can’t do without a dermatologist here, because the use of conventional ointments and creams is unlikely to be limited. Treatment involves not only external influence, but also internal. The obvious signs include: compaction of the nail plate, the presence of tuberosity, loosening and lamination of the nail, a change in shape and color.

Ringworm

Also called a fungus. It is characterized by the appearance of white spots that are removed from the surface. Sometimes the signs are different: yellow and white stripes appear. The infection moves from the edge of the nail to its root. The infected part becomes thick and colorless.

Felon

Pyogenic microbes get into small cracks and wounds, thereby causing inflammation of the finger and nails. This disease can be deep (bone, subcutaneous, articular and tendon) and superficial (subungual, periungual and skin).

To keep nails healthy, all they need is just the right care. So, what can be done, and what is strictly not recommended to do.

    Don't file your nails too often. And it's better to do it in one direction to avoid delamination.

    Manicure is best done on steamed hands, so as not to get inflammation.

    If the nails are brittle, then magnesium, iodine and calcium should be included in the diet.

    Of the products you need to eat fruits, pork, vegetables and fish more often.

    After washing the feet, they must be thoroughly wiped so as not to leave a chance for the spread of fungal infections.

    No bad habits of nail biting!

    Do not use acetone based nail polish remover.

Treatment of sick nails: traditional medicine

There are many ways that traditional medicine offers, but the most effective are those that are presented below.

    Infusion: parsley, celery, dill are cut, poured with oil, everything is infused for two days, taken in a tablespoon once a day.

    1. Moisture spreads fungal infections, so hands, feet, and fingernails should be kept dry at all times.

      Once again, back to such a bad habit as biting your nails. Not only will this not add aesthetics to the hands, but rather the opposite, dangerous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract will then not be counted. By the way, this habit is a symptom of nervous diseases. It may be worth contacting a specialist.

      Try to moisturize your cuticles and nail plate every day with a lotion that is designed for this purpose and contains vitamin E, which is an antioxidant.

      And again: avoid using acetone to remove nail polish. Or at least keep it to a minimum.

      Eat right, lead a healthy and active lifestyle. Maximum vegetables, fruits, vitamins, liquids (about 1.5-2 liters per day).

      Do not self-medicate if the nails have begun to grow.

      Do manicures and pedicures only in trusted salons.

    The tips are simple, but following them will help keep your nails healthy, strong, well-groomed and beautiful!