How to remove a bruise under the nail. Subungual hematoma: causes of appearance, treatment options, possible complications, photo. Treatment and course of the disease, will it go away by itself

26.06.2020

Dark or blue spots under the nail periodically appear in most modern people, regardless of the level of physical activity. There are a lot of reasons for this phenomenon. However, most often there is a logical explanation for this - a hematoma under the nail. Sometimes quite serious diseases manifest themselves in this way. Therefore, it is important to find out the cause of blue discoloration in a timely manner and eliminate such a problem.

Treatment features

The presence of a hematoma under the nail, as a rule, does not require special treatment. This is due to the fact that currently no specialized therapeutic techniques have been developed. After all, even severe discomfort that interferes with normal functioning disappears after a few days.

If the pain is extremely noticeable, a lot of blood has accumulated, then the nail plate is pierced at the site of the hematoma. This can be done even at home. A regular thin paper clip is heated red-hot over the burner. Then the nail is treated with iodine. After that, a red-hot end of a paper clip is applied to it. Then you need to attach a cotton pad, which is pre-moistened in hydrogen peroxide. But the likelihood of an infection directly under the nail is high. In addition, the procedure is extremely painful. It can deform the nail.

The easiest way to prevent a hematoma. To do this, after the impact, you immediately need to apply ice to the injured finger. This versatile remedy will help if you apply it every half hour for about five minutes. This will avoid swelling and sometimes bruising.

A hematoma under the nail is the formation of a blood clot that appears as a result of severe injury to the nail plate.

The force of the blow will depend on whether there is a likelihood of rupture of blood vessels under the nail. Hematoma is manifested by acute pain, blue discoloration of the damaged area. Sometimes the toe under the nail may turn black and slightly swell.

A hematoma under the toenail can most often form for the following reasons:

kicking while walking;
falling on the toes of various heavy objects;
walking in tight, uncomfortable shoes.

Hematoma on the toenail

Most often, hematomas can appear when a person wears tight, uncomfortable shoes. It compresses the foot and small bruises form under pressure, which cause discomfort and pain. On the hands, hematomas appear much more often. They usually form when a hand is bruised or when a finger is pinched in a door. How quickly the bruise goes away depends on its size and the force of the blow. If the force of the blow was small, then the bruise may disappear within 2-3 days.

If the bruise appears on its own and does not go away for a long time, then you should go to a specialist to identify the causes of the disease.

Why do bruises appear?

Before starting treatment of the injury, you need to make sure that the patient has a hematoma. After all, darkening under the nail can form for other reasons:

Physiological impact. Usually, blue discoloration appears after pinching a finger in a door or when hitting a heavy object. When hit hard, blood vessels can burst, causing hemorrhage under the skin. As a result, a hematoma appears. If the blue discoloration is very large, then you urgently need to go to the doctor.
Wearing uncomfortable shoes. If you wear uncomfortable shoes. It turns out that there is a lot of pressure on the foot and toes, which leads to a strong blueing of the legs. Before purchasing new shoes, you need to make sure that it really suits you.
Medicines. Some drugs affect blood clotting. Therefore, minor bruises may appear.
Heart failure. Due to the lack of oxygen in the blood, the shade of the nail plate may change.
Onychomycosis. , in which there is a flaking of the nail, severe pain, itching, induration.

Injuries are the cause of hematomas

If a severe hematoma appears, then the doctor prescribes a certain treatment. But you can identify the causes of the injury and determine the treatment yourself at home. A hematoma is a stoppage of blood in the vessels. It stagnates and clots form at the site of the injury. Since the nail plate is very strong, hemorrhage occurs under it. Blood does not leak out, but accumulates under the skin. Therefore, the hematoma may turn dark blue or black. The damaged area may swell slightly. Most often, a hematoma under the thumbnail appears within a couple of hours. If a bruise appears due to a bruise or uncomfortable shoes, and it is not the cause of any ailment. Then the hematoma will disappear within a week.

The speed of disappearance depends on how quickly the blue discoloration under the nail passes. After all, blue discoloration can disappear on its own, but the blood clot itself may need to be removed from under the nail plate from a specialist.

Hematoma scheme

Hematoma under the nail treatment

If the bruise under the big toenail is slightly swollen after the impact, place a cold object on the site of the pain. The cold will reduce the painful shock and prevent clots from forming. In addition, if the pain is very severe, then it is best to take a pain reliever. It will help relieve discomfort and relieve pain.

If, during the impact, the nail plate cracks or breaks off, then the wound must be treated with an antiseptic. The wound can also be treated with alcohol or hydrogen peroxide.

After the wound is treated, you need to determine the location of the pain. If it has covered most of the nail, then it is best to go to the doctor. Since this may indicate a fracture or crack in the bone. You may need medical attention.

Puncture to remove blood

If ordinary bruises appear, therapy is not needed. Blue in the face will disappear after a week. For the blue discoloration to pass faster, it is necessary:

Remove the blood clot under the nail. Usually, the site of localization is pierced with a small (only disinfected) needle, the blood comes out through the hole. After the entire clot has come out, the wound is bandaged with a damp bandage. This method of treatment is not recommended for use at home. It is best if the whole procedure is done by a doctor. To avoid contamination of the wound. In addition, the fastest way to get rid of a hematoma is surgery. The old plate is removed so that after the bruise disappears, a new, even and strong one will grow.
After the pain is less noticeable and the bruise turns black, you can apply a manganese solution. The injured finger should be immersed in a manganese solution for 10-15 minutes. This procedure will help soften the nail plate and dissolve the thickened blood.
Reception Routine. The drug helps to strengthen blood vessels. To make the medicine better absorbed, it is recommended to take it in combination with vitamin C. All medicines can be purchased at pharmacies without a prescription. Before taking the drug, you should consult a doctor in order to avoid deterioration in health.
Ketorolac, Analgin, or Ibuprofen for pain relief. Medications will help eliminate pain for the first time, moments of injury. The medicine will help you wear the shoes without pain or discomfort.
Hyparin ointment. The ointment has an antithrombotic effect. For the best effect, you need to apply it three times a day to the injured nail plate. The ointment is used until the nail becomes pale pink.
If a small swelling is visible on the plate and sharp pains are felt on the phalanx of the finger, then a compress of Dimexidum and novocaine (1: 3) can be put in place of the lesion. Moisten the gauze liberally with the solution and apply to the lesion site for 20-30 minutes. In order for the compress to hold, it must be secured with a bandage.

Gel Indovazin relieves pain and treats hematoma

What to do if the treatment does not go away? If there is a large hematoma, it remains under the nail after a week. And after removing the clots, the bruise remains the same. Then you need to urgently go to the hospital. The doctor will determine the cause of the lesion and, if necessary, prescribe treatment. Perhaps, it is not the hematoma itself that should be treated, but the problems in the body that caused such actions. Sometimes the appearance of blue discoloration is a consequence of serious diseases.

Conclusion

Thus, a hematoma under the nail can form for various reasons. Most often this is due to a bruise or a strong blow from a heavy object. But sometimes there may be other reasons that can only be identified by a specialist. Ordinary bruises do not require treatment and will disappear on their own within a few days. Large bruises take a little longer to heal. If the bruise was severe, then some therapy may be required, which is prescribed only by the doctor.

Hematoma is a limited accumulation of blood, hemorrhage that forms when exposed to a traumatic factor.

A hematoma on the leg is formed by a fall, twisting of the legs, bruises, blows inflicted with a blunt heavy object.

Depending on the cause of the injury and the type of hematoma, treatment is performed. Timely treatment helps to avoid complications.

In this article, you will learn how to treat a hematoma on the leg after a bruise.

Symptoms and classification

By localization, hematomas of the thigh, lower leg, foot, hemarthrosis of the knee and ankle joints are distinguished. According to the depth of location, hematomas are divided into:

Subcutaneous;
Soft tissues;
Intra-articular - hemarthrosis.

Subcutaneous hematoma on the leg outwardly looks like an ordinary bruise. It usually occurs after a bruise.

First, there is pain, swelling, redness (hyperemia) of the bruised area, then "cyanosis" of the bruised area.

After a few days, the swelling of soft tissues becomes less, the "bruise" acquires a greenish tint (people say "blooms").

Soft tissue hematoma can form when muscle fiber particles break. With minor damage, the blood soaks into the soft tissue. When palpating (feeling) the damaged area, soft tissue compaction will be observed.

When a significant area of muscle tissue is ruptured, the ends of the torn muscle contract, a muscle defect is formed, which, upon palpation, is felt as a void. Blood rushes into the resulting defect from the ruptured vessels. A hematoma is formed. It is limited in nature. On palpation, fluid movement (fluctuation) is felt.

With intra-articular hematoma(joint hemarthrosis) hemorrhage occurs in the joint cavity. The joint looks edematous, its contours are smoothed out. The joint becomes hot to the touch.

On palpation of the joint, the “float symptom” is determined - when pressing on the patella (the bone located above the patella), it descends, when the hand is released, it “floats up”.

First aid for trauma

Seeking medical help is compulsory. It is necessary in order to exclude a more serious pathology, for example, a fracture of the bones of the lower limb.

First aid should be provided as early as possible, even before the arrival of the doctor. It is necessary to create rest for the injured limb. To do this, lay the victim on a flat, hard surface.

The affected limb must be given an elevated position.(put a roller, pillow or any other means at hand under it).

Then an ice pack should be applied to the site of the injury.

For this purpose, a regular plastic bottle of water, which has been in the refrigerator for some time, is suitable.

Keep the cold for 15-30 minutes, then take a break for 1 hour, then you can apply cold again. Cold for hematomas can be applied within 3 days after injury.

Treatment of hematoma on the leg after injury

In the treatment, you can use traditional medicine and folk methods. Combines general and local treatment.

General treatment includes taking painkillers, vitamin therapy... Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is especially indicated for strengthening the vascular wall, reducing capillary fragility.

Local treatment: rest of the affected limb, applying cold to the site of the hematoma during the first 3 days after injury, fixing bandages.

Then, if necessary, add warming compresses, an iodine net, physiotherapy methods of treatment, ointments.

Fixing bandages are used when walking in order to relieve the damaged area as much as possible. For this, elastic bandages are used.

Compresses with Dimexide give a good effect, which reduce swelling, pain syndrome, and contribute to the resorption of hematoma.

It is necessary to apply Dimexide by diluting with water in a ratio of 1: 3. With good tolerance (no redness, burning sensation at the point of contact with the skin), Dimexide can be used at a dilution of 1: 2.

If the hematoma persists, consult a doctor to correct the treatment regimen.

Physiotherapy treatment:

Ultrasound;
Electrophoresis;
Magnetotherapy.

With the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, surgical methods of treatment are used.

Ointments for bruises and bruises on the leg

How to treat a severe bruised leg with a hematoma? Apply ointments containing heparin: thrombless, Lioton gel, heparin ointment. They contribute to the resorption of hematomas.

It is advisable to use ointments that strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improve blood circulation: troxevasinic, troxerutinic.

Anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, decongestant effects for bruises are provided by ointments: fastum gel, ketonal, diclofenac, nimesil, voltaren emulgel, nurofen gel.

Balsams Dikul, "Rescuer" are created on the basis of unique recipes, have a multicomponent composition, a wide range of therapeutic effects. These ointments work well for bruises and bruises on the leg.

Traditional methods of treatment

A leaf of burdock, white cabbage, plantain can be applied to the site of the hematoma. For this purpose, freshly harvested large leaves are used.

On the leaf of the plant, small notches are first made, applied to the site of the injury, and then fixed with a bandage. After use, the sheet is thrown away, reuse is ineffective.

A compress with bodyagi gives a good effect. It is prepared in dilution with water in a 1: 2 ratio. When using such a compress, the bruise quickly dissolves.

This tool is also used for cosmetic purposes (for quick resorption of "bruises").

For the treatment of hematomas, semi-alcohol compresses with lilac flowers are also used.

Baths with saline solutions at room temperature reduce edema and swelling. They can be applied several times a day for 15-30 minutes.

The use of "honey cakes" gives a good effect. The honey melted in a water bath is applied in the form of a cake on a gauze or cloth and applied to the area of injury.

Now you know how to treat a hematoma on the leg, but if the injury is serious, surgical treatment is possible.

Surgical treatments

With large hematomas, conservative treatment is ineffective, they resort to surgical methods of treatment.

During puncture, the contents of the hematoma are removed by puncturing with a puncture needle and "sucking" it with a syringe.

With intra-articular fluid accumulation in the knee joint (hemarthrosis), about 60 ml of blood can be removed in this way.

If hemarthrosis of the knee joint is caused by an intra-articular fracture of the bones that make up the knee joint, surgical treatment is performed - a suture of the patella, osteosynthesis (connection of bone fragments) using metal structures.

After surgery or joint puncture, a plaster cast is applied to create immobility (immobilization of the joint). If necessary, a second joint puncture is performed after a few days.

With soft tissue hematomas, it is possible to remove it by puncture, as well as by incision and washing the wound from blood clots.

In case of significant damage to muscle tissue, tendons (for example, a complete rupture of the Achilles tendon along the back surface of the ankle joint), an operation (tendon suture) is performed to restore the anatomical integrity of the tendon or muscle. During the operation, the hematoma on the leg is removed.

If the cause of the formation was damage to large vessels, then during the operation, the bleeding is stopped by imposing special (ligature) sutures on the vessels.

After surgery is completed, a drain is inserted into the wound to allow blood to drain... This prevents blood from re-accumulating.

Hematoma without external cause

Hematomas of the legs can form for no apparent reason - without injury or with minor bruising. This is possible with various diseases of the blood and blood vessels.

With hemophilia, with minor bruises, hemarthrosis of the joints, hematomas of soft tissues appear. This is due to a violation of the blood clotting process.

Hematomas of soft tissues can also form due to varicose veins and increased fragility of blood vessels due to various reasons (age-related changes, diabetes mellitus, vasculitis - inflammatory vascular diseases).

Treatment requires timely detection and treatment of the underlying disease.... Therefore, when a patient complains of a bruise for no apparent reason, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination and refer to the appropriate specialist.

Potential consequences of inappropriate treatment

With the wrong treatment tactics, suppuration is possible. This happens if the hematoma is not opened in a timely manner. Blood coagulation occurs with the formation of clots, the addition of a secondary infection and suppuration.

There is an increase in temperature, redness of the skin over the area of injury, bursting pains join.

In this case, it is necessary to open the abscess, rinse and apply a bandage with an antiseptic. In the future, dressings and antibiotic therapy will be required.

If rest is not observed, for example, after a joint puncture, a repeated accumulation of blood in the joint is possible.(hemarthrosis). For its treatment, it is necessary to re-puncture the joint.

Subungual hematomas or bruises under the nails are caused by the accumulation of some blood in the space under the nail plate.

Reasons for the formation of hematomas under the nails:

a blow to the finger;
pinching the finger by the door and other squeezing effects;
subungual bruises on the toes can be caused by wearing tight shoes;
bruising under the toenails can be caused by playing football in the wrong shoes or other injuries;
much less often, subungual hematomas are formed as a result of taking medications that affect blood clotting.

A small pink spot appears, the nail bed turns crimson, the nail turns blue. The person feels numbness, pain.
Formation of a large purple spot, pain relief.
After a few days, the hematoma turns blue, its edges become sharp, the area decreases, pain is present only with pressure, there is no discomfort.
After a week, the bruise turns black, reducing itself to 3-5 mm in diameter. The edges remain clear, there is no pain. Within a week, the hematoma can resolve on its own.

Use common sense and practice various safety measures - do not let your fingers get caught in doors or heavy objects from falling on your feet.

Most often, a bruise under the nails is formed in the following cases:

If you accidentally hit the furniture with your foot, capillaries on your toes burst. Blood from damaged vessels instantly collects in the tissues under the nail plate.
A bruise under the nail may appear after accidentally pinching a limb.
Football players and basketball players are at risk of getting such an injury.
Wearing shoes that are too tight can cause bruising under your toenail.
Falling heavy object on the leg.
Hemorrhage may be due to increased vascular fragility.
Dislocations and fractures of the extremities are often accompanied by the formation of hematomas under the nails.
Blackening of the plate may be associated with infection with a fungal infection.

There are several stages in the formation of bruises:

Immediately after injury, blood from the damaged capillaries flows under the nail plate. The victim sees a small spot of a red tint. Gradually, the damaged area begins to darken. The patient complains of severe pain and numbness of the finger. The area of the blood stain under the nail increases. It takes on a purple hue.
In the future, the hematoma becomes dark blue.
In the process of restoration, the stain decreases. The victim practically does not feel pain.
After about 3-4 weeks, the bruise under the nail is completely absorbed.
The length of the recovery period depends on the degree of damage and the characteristics of the person.

When choosing winter shoes, keep in mind that you will be wearing them with insulated socks. Don't buy boots (like any other footwear) that make you feel uncomfortable.
Often people get bruised toe hitting the corner of the furniture with your foot. You need to be careful when moving around the house.
Don't skimp on sports shoes. This is especially true for people who play football or basketball professionally.
Don't forget to trim your nails regularly. Wearing tight shoes can damage the nail plate.
An improper diet can lead to poor nail health. They begin to crumble and can be damaged by even a slight mechanical impact.

Bruises under the toenails appear as a result of hemorrhage from ruptured blood vessels. If the injury was severe, then it leads to partial or complete flaking of the nail. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to see a doctor as soon as possible. If you cannot avoid losing your nail, do not be discouraged. This phenomenon is temporary: it gradually grows back, although it becomes uneven or thickened.

What does a bruise look like under a nail

According to external signs, a bruise under the toenail is characterized by blackening of the plate, there is a throbbing pain under the nail. As a result, the blood does not come out from under the nail, therefore it stagnates, the finger swells, most of it turns red.

Over time, these symptoms subside, but the hematoma cannot resolve on its own, it disappears only after the healthy plate has grown completely. Rarely, a bruise appears on the finger itself.

First aid in the event of a hematoma is to cool the bruised area to relieve pain. Wrap your finger in gauze, run it under cold running water, or place a plastic bag with ice cubes on the bump.

Let sit for 3-6 minutes, remove for 15 minutes and repeat the procedure. Apply until the pain subsides.

You can speed up the healing process by opening the nail (if the hematoma is small). You can do this with your doctor or on your own:

prepare the nail: disinfect the plate with iodine, potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide;
use antibacterial agents to treat the needle, heat its tip until a red color appears;
pierce the central part of the hematoma through the nail so that blood flows out of the hole;
fix a sterile plaster on the wound;
do not leave the house for three days or wear open shoes so that the foot does not suffer.

Drug therapy

Several methods are used to remove blood from under the nail. Options include removing part of the nail or trepanning the nail to drain (drain) the accumulated blood. For this purpose, the nail plate is perforated with a hot metal wire, either by screwing in a hollow needle, or the electrocautery method is used (not in the case of acrylic nails because of the risk of inflammation). All of these methods allow the blood under the nail to drain outward, which in turn reduces pain. Drainage does not occur immediately and in extreme cases can last up to one and a half days.

Immediately after the finger is injured, a purple spot appears, which gradually turns purple-black. It is clearly visible through the nail plate. Often the hematoma is round, less often - elongated. In addition to an unaesthetic appearance, a person experiences sharp pain and a sensation of pulsation in the affected area.

If a bruise appears as a result of wearing tight shoes, then the soreness is not so strong, but it does not go away for a long period, even if you take off your shoes or shoes. Swelling often appears on the finger. As it heals, the nail becomes greenish and yellow.

Causes and symptoms

A bruise is formed under the nail as a result of trauma, such as, for example, pinching a finger in a door, hitting it with a hammer, and the like. But on the toes, bruises under the nails can appear as a result of wearing narrow and uncomfortable shoes, which squeeze the fingers, thereby injuring them.

As a result of such an injury, the nail plate is damaged and a hematoma is formed, which we can see through the nail plate.

Blood under the nail is the main symptom of a hematoma.

After the injury, the natural color changes to a red, maroon or other dark color under the nail.

The most common symptom of a hematoma under the nail is pain.

The pressure created between the nail plate and the nail bed, where blood collects, is painful enough.

The pain that accompanies a subungual hematoma can also be caused by other injuries, such as bruising, sprains, a fractured limb, traumatic skin injury, and nail damage.

When a finger is injured, ice should be applied first.

If a finger is injured with damage to the nail, it is necessary to apply ice to the site of injury or pinching as soon as possible. If ice is not available, any available cooling method can be used. For example, use frozen food packaging.

To reduce the likelihood of the spread of the inflammatory process, you should take an anti-inflammatory drug. For example, Ibuprofen.

If, as a result of an injury, the nail plate has been removed, it is necessary to wash the lesion site with antibacterial soap, apply an ointment containing an antibiotic (Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Synthomycin, etc.) and apply a sterile bandage. With such an injury, the patient must definitely consult a doctor.

For the fastest resorption of the hematoma, you can use ointments, gels - Troxevasin, Venitan, Venoruton, etc.

A fairly common consequence of a bruise under the nail is its detachment. The reason is quite simple: after the disappearance of the hematoma, free space remains under the nail and its attachment to the tissues of the finger is disrupted.

As a result, nail rejection. There is nothing terrible in this, since the nail grows constantly, so it will soon grow back completely.

The only thing is that it can change its shape a little or become more rigid and rough.

If the nail has peeled off, you must immediately fix it with a plaster or sterile dressing to avoid accidental snagging or undermining. Excessive exercise should be avoided if possible, especially if a toenail is peeling.

Apply a cool object to the bruised nail. This will reduce pain and help stop the development of the hematoma.

After a strong blow, the nail can easily peel off. The injured place under the nail plate must be immediately lubricated with an antibacterial agent. Be sure to apply a bandage to prevent infection. In case of severe damage, you cannot do without the help of a qualified specialist.

What is the danger of hematoma

The risk of nail detachment after receiving a strong blow is quite high. The damaged area is not protected from various microbes. Fungal lesions are especially difficult to treat.

Sometimes there is a deformation of the new nail that has grown after exfoliation. Even the most professional pedicure specialist cannot hide such a defect.

When a hematoma appears, it is necessary to immediately engage in the prevention of mycosis.

Most often, hematomas on the limbs do not pose a threat to life. They are fairly easy to heal or go away on their own. But in some cases, you need to see a doctor urgently:

the hematoma is large and takes up almost the entire nail;
the patient has unbearable pain, which may be the result of a fracture;
when the color of the nail has changed without injury.

To find out if the joint is damaged, the trauma doctor will order an X-ray examination. If the bruise is not due to an injury, additional diagnostic methods will be performed.

First aid for nail injury

In the event that the hematoma is small (no more than a quarter of the area of the nail plate) and there is no severe pain, home treatment can be dispensed with.

However, there are cases when you cannot do without medical help. You need to contact a medical institution if:

The hematoma is widespread and occupies more than a quarter of the area of the nail plate.
If the patient feels acute pain. Intense pain can be a sign of a broken finger.
If the discoloration of the nail occurs without injury.

Cool the site of injury immediately after injury.

You need to apply ice, a cold compress to your finger, or simply substitute it under a stream of cold water. In particularly urgent cases, you can even use frozen food packages. The cold at the site of the injury should be no more than 3-5 minutes. Then a break is taken for 15 minutes, if necessary, the procedure is repeated. The cold is applied until the pain subsides.

Then the damaged area must be disinfected with an antiseptic: iodine, hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate solution. A cotton swab dipped in the product is used to wipe the nail and soft tissues around it. The simultaneous use of an anti-inflammatory drug will help slow down the development of the inflammatory process.

If the injury is too serious, resulting in a rupture or complete removal of the nail, you should quickly rinse the wound with an antibacterial agent. Then you need to apply a sterile bandage, after having lubricated the wound with antibacterial ointment, and take the victim to a doctor.

The formation of a large hematoma that occupies the entire area of the nail is the reason for contacting a specialist. To treat such patients, doctors resort to emergency treatment. To remove accumulated blood, the specialist performs drainage.

With a special tool, he pierces the nail plate in the center of the hemorrhage. After that, a sterile bandage is applied to the sore finger.

In especially difficult cases, it is necessary to remove the nail plate. The procedure ends with sutures. Intense pain may indicate a broken toe.

About prevention

As a preventive measure to help avoid bruising on the nails of the big toes, use the following:

wearing loose shoes;
avoidance of injuries, accuracy when closing the door;
short nail clipping;
eating foods rich in vitamins;
timely examination by doctors in the presence of diabetes mellitus, the first signs of ailments;
the requirement to comply with the rules in the profession associated with an increased risk of injury to the nails.

You can protect yourself from minor injuries and bruised fingers if you are careful in everyday life and in the workplace with heavy objects. There are other steps you can take to avoid bruising under your nails for other reasons. Wear comfortable shoes and do not put undue stress on your feet. If the problem is caused by wearing high-heeled shoes, skip them.

It's important to eat right. Include in the diet the required amount of vitamin C, which helps to strengthen blood vessels. If bruises appear on the body that are not related to injuries, urgently visit a doctor. These may be symptoms of diseases of the circulatory system or other pathologies that need to be treated immediately. Be careful and take care of your health!

Treatment with folk methods

It is possible to use treatment with alternative methods only with small subungual hematomas and full confidence that there is no damage to the bones.

The best remedy for hematoma, including subungual hematoma, is cold. The sooner a cold object (ice) is applied to the site of the injury, the less bruising will be.

For the treatment of subungual hematoma, a solution of potassium permanganate is used.

If the hematoma has already turned black, and the pain has subsided, you can use a solution of potassium permanganate. To do this, prepare a strong (dark cherry-colored) solution of potassium permanganate and heat it. The mortar should be hot, but not scalding. A finger is immersed in the solution and kept for 15 - 20 minutes. Such a bath promotes softening of the nail plate and the release of caked blood.

To relieve the "jerking" pain, a white cabbage leaf can be tied to the injured finger.

Many people develop a subungual hematoma at least once in their lives. There are several reasons that can cause bruising. In the event that a person has prolonged and severe pain in the nail area, it is important to immediately seek help from a specialist. The doctor will prescribe effective medications to help improve the patient's health.

The main causes of bruising

Before starting therapy, it is important to undergo a thorough diagnosis in order to identify the cause of the subungual hematoma. In frequent cases, a bruise occurs due to:

Physical impact. Dark spots under the nail form most often if a heavy object falls on the finger or a person squeezes it with the phalanx door.
A ruptured blood vessel. Hemorrhage occurs under the nail, as a result of which a hematoma is formed.
Wearing uncomfortable shoes. If the shoes are not chosen correctly, they will put pressure on the toe, so a bruise may appear under the nail. Before you buy boots or shoes, you should try them on. It is important to evaluate the convenience of the purchased product.
Treatment with drugs that affect blood clotting.
The presence of diseases that are associated with the cardiovascular system. Heart failure often causes an oxygen deficiency in the body, as a result of which the skin under the nail can change color.

With onychomycosis, the nail often exfoliates. For this reason, it thickens, hurts and itches. Only a doctor can determine the true cause of the appearance of a hematoma, after a thorough examination of the patient.

Treatment methods

Subungual hematoma (ICD-10: S 60.1) is the result of a finger injury. If, after an injury, a hematoma appears under the nail, it is urgent to apply ice to the affected area. It is important not to overdo it, as you can provoke hypothermia of the skin. For severe pain, it is recommended to take an anesthetic drug. In the event that after the impact the nail peeled off, it is imperative to treat the place with an antibacterial agent. For this, you can use hydrogen peroxide or "Chlorhexidine". In the event that the bruise is localized under the entire plate, it is important to consult a doctor in order to rule out a fracture or crack in the finger. In the event of a common subungual hematoma, it is not necessary to carry out enhanced treatment, since such bruises disappear on their own (after a few weeks).

How to speed up the process of nail restoration?

Pierce the impact area and release thickened blood under the nail. It is important to use only a cleaned needle to avoid introducing infection into the body. After the procedure, a special wet bandage must be applied to the affected area, which will prevent the penetration of harmful microorganisms into the wound. At home, it is not recommended to use this method of therapy.
A solution of potassium permanganate will help get rid of the subungual hematoma on the thumb. It is necessary to lubricate the finger with a substance and rinse off after 20 minutes (you can prepare a bath with the addition of a solution). A systematic procedure will ensure softening of the nail plate, as a result, the hematoma will disappear.
Thanks to the "Rutin" drug, the functioning of blood vessels is improved. For the body to better absorb the medicine, it is recommended to take vitamin C. You can buy the drug at the pharmacy.
Using "Ketorolac", "Analgin" or "Ibuprofen" in the course of therapy, you can get rid of the painful sensations that arise on the first day after the injury.
Heparin ointment has an antimicrobial effect. It is necessary to apply the product to the affected area (several times a day) until the bruise turns pale pink.

In the event that there is severe soreness for a long time and general well-being has worsened, it is important to immediately consult a doctor, since a subungual hematoma on a toe may indicate the development of a serious pathology.

Development of a hematoma

After an injury to the leg, the foot often swells and reddens. After a few hours, a hematoma may form, since the vessels under the nail plate are damaged. Medical professionals divide this process of hematoma formation into several stages:

first, there are unpleasant sensations after a blow - numbness and severe pain;
a pink spot forms under the nail;
after a while, the pink spot acquires a purple tint;
soreness dulls a little;
after a few days, the bruise may decrease and turn blue, soreness occurs only during pressure on the hematoma;
the spot turns black and decreases;
painful sensations are absent.

After a week, the signs of bruising disappear. A subungual hematoma on the big toe (without punctures) may resolve within a month.

Traditional methods of therapy

You should know that any recipe for traditional medicine should be used strictly as directed by a doctor, since self-medication can be harmful. Among the most effective recipes that will help get rid of a hematoma under the nail, there are:

It is necessary to prepare a compress from plantain leaves. To do this, finely chop the plant. With the help of the herb, inflammation and swelling are eliminated.
Baths with sea salt help bruises to dissolve faster (for 2 liters of water, you need to take 1.5 tablespoons of salt). You can add a couple of drops of essential oil. The procedure should be carried out within 20 minutes.

St. John's wort tincture will help eliminate pain and improve the patient's well-being. You can buy the product at any pharmacy. The dosage is determined strictly by the doctor (depending on the individual characteristics of the person).

An effective remedy for badyagi

To prepare a mask for the treatment of subungual hematoma, it is necessary to dissolve the dry powder in warm water. Stir the ingredients until a homogeneous gruel is obtained and spread over the sore spot. After 30 minutes, wash off with chamomile broth. Make a mask for several days.

The occurrence of a hematoma is easier to prevent than to cure. Therefore, it is important to follow all the recommendations of the bruise prevention specialist. These include:

carefully transfer the severity;
wear good quality shoes (of the right size);
eat right (proper nutrition has a positive effect on the functioning of blood vessels).

If painful sensations are present for a long time, it is important to seek help from medical personnel. It is not recommended to independently pierce the nail plate with a needle, since the risk of infection is high.

Notes to the patient

Many people are worried about what complications can arise if a hematoma appears. A bruise under the nail is not a serious pathology, but you still need to be extremely careful. It is important not to self-medicate, as this can provoke the onset of pathology. As medical practice shows, home treatment exacerbates the problem. Before using any method of therapy, you should consult with your doctor. Traditional methods of treatment have exactly the same power as medications, so you should take a responsible approach to therapy.

Blue or dark spots under the nail can occur periodically in almost all people. There can be many reasons for them, but most often it is the presence of a hematoma under the nail. But sometimes, and much more serious diseases can manifest themselves in a similar way, and therefore it is important to correctly determine the cause of the blue discoloration of the nail.

general information

A bruise under a fingernail or a toenail is the result of some kind of mechanical injury. If we are talking about the leg, then the injury is most often associated with strikes against a door or furniture. On the hands, hematomas occur as a result of pinching the fingers with something. As a result, the vessels under the nail burst and hemorrhage occurs under the nail with blood congestion. This blood then changes color, becoming first bluish, then purple, and then black.

In the event of such an injury, a bruise under the nail can be formed as a result of the release of blood that does not drain. In this case, if the nail plate is cracked during the impact, then the blood can be separated and, thus, a bruise does not form. This process is in any case accompanied by significant swelling and redness of the entire finger.

Over time, redness and swelling diminish and disappear altogether. The hematoma itself resolves only in exceptional cases. More often than not, a bruise on the big toe nail can be eliminated only as a result of the complete regrowth of the nail plate. In rare cases, a large bruise appears on the finger itself, which does not disappear for a long time.

Development dynamics

The subungual hematoma usually does not appear immediately after the impact. Swelling and redness of the finger may appear, but a hematoma will not form until a couple of hours later. During this time, the blood from the ruptured vessels will have time not only to stand out, but also to accumulate under the plate. After about the same period of time, swelling and bruising on the finger occurs, although it can be much faster. The hematoma then appears last.

At first, it appears only as a small pink spot, which then causes the nail bed to change its color from pink to crimson. Then the nail begins to turn blue, which is accompanied by a feeling of numbness and pain. After that, a fairly large purple spot is formed. The pain begins to diminish little by little and can completely disappear. However, with severe injuries, it usually still persists.

After a few days, the stain begins to actively darken. It turns from purple to deep blue. Over time, the edges become even sharper, and the area of the dark spot decreases. Further, it also continues to decrease. The pain by this time passes completely or is present only with pressure.

By the time about a week has passed after the injury, the hematoma is black in color and about three to five millimeters in diameter. Moreover, its edges are clearly defined and there is no pain. After that, within about another week, it can completely dissolve and disappear.

However, most often this does not happen and the hematoma remains on the plate. Although initially it was a collection of blood under the nail, during its development, blood is absorbed into the plate and stains it. Therefore, most often, the hematoma does not disappear anywhere and is located on the plate in the form of a black dot or spot. It can be masked by covering the nails with a dark varnish, as this will not bring any harm. As the nail plate grows back, the hematoma will move towards the free edge and, as a result, you will be able to cut it off completely.

Polishing will not help you get rid of the bruise. It is located on the side of the plate that adjoins the stock, and therefore only regrowth can save you from it. By the time the spot is completely localized, it is no longer painful at all.

Diseases with the same symptoms

In essence, a subungual hematoma on the big toe or hand is an absolutely safe disease. In the early days, of course, it gives a certain discomfort, like any other injury, but it does not carry any real harm to health. Much more unpleasant is that some serious illnesses can have similar symptoms. It is very important, if you find a dark spot on your nail, to conduct a thorough diagnosis, as well as to analyze the past for the presence of any injuries.

In particular, localized darkening of nails can cause fungus in its later stages of development. Such spots can be of very different types, but they all resemble hematomas at one stage or another of development. Since they appear far from the onset of the disease, it is quite possible to carry out a high-quality and complete diagnosis. If you remember for sure that you have not had any injuries relatively recently, then it is very likely that the disease is caused by a fungus.

Bruising under the toenails remains very painful for almost a week after the injury. Even if your finger itself is hardly injured, the nail will still hurt when pressed, or severe throbbing pain will be present all the time. The fungus, although it can cause mild pain, is not at all so much reminiscent of itself and is characterized mainly by itching.

If, in addition to the blue discoloration of the plate, you notice at least some of the signs listed below, then you should consult a doctor for the treatment of nail fungus. All these signs directly or indirectly indicate the disease.

Itchy skin;
Peeling of the skin;
The appearance of painful cracks between the fingers;
Brittleness and fragility of the nail;
Delamination of the plate;
Unpleasant smell;
Yellowing or blue discoloration of the plate.

Also, a blue nail may indicate the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Usually, in this case, the nails turn blue completely and all at once, which occurs as a result of insufficient saturation of the fingertips with oxygen. In this case, all the fingertips acquire a bluish tint, and the blue discoloration of the nail is not local, but total.

However, the presence of blue spots can be explained quite simply. Perhaps you used a dark varnish without using a protective base. The nail may not be completely colored, for example, if the varnish was applied after polishing. A darker color will appear in areas where sawing was most intense.

Treatment

If you have a hematoma under the nail, then special treatment, as such, is not required. This is due not only to the fact that, due to the low availability of damage, effective methods of treatment have not been developed, but also the fact that such an injury does not pose any real danger to health. Even severe discomfort that interferes with normal functioning disappears after a couple of days.

In the event that the injury is very severe, a lot of blood has accumulated and the soreness of the hematoma is extremely noticeable, the blood must be released. This is done by piercing the nail plate at the site of the hematoma. You can do this at home on your own, however, the likelihood of infecting under the nail in this case is extremely high. In addition, the procedure is extremely painful and can result in deformations of the nail.

It is much easier to prevent hematomas. To do this, immediately after the impact, apply ice to the injured finger. This versatile bruise remedy works in this case as well. Apply ice to your finger every half hour for five minutes. This will help prevent swelling, and possibly a bruise.

A bruise under the toenail is the result of internal hemorrhage with blood soaking nearby tissue structures. A subungual hematoma occurs due to shock, in which small vessels located subcutaneously are ruptured. In the area of damaged vessels on the big toe nail, a hematoma formation gives a person soreness, bruises under the nails can reach large volumes.

Why arise

A hematoma under the nail plate can form due to numerous reasons.

Some of the few causes of bruising on the nails are:

On the human body, subcutaneous hemorrhage can occur in any area that has been subjected to external shock. It is impossible to insure yourself against a bruise under a nail on your hand or foot. You can be injured as you like: when closing doors, hammering nails, falling tools, dragging heavy objects. The bruise under the toenail is very painful due to the injury, it is unpleasant to look at such a nail. Trauma and the resulting hematoma under the big toe nail can become deformed.
A bruise on the nail appears when a person is badly hurt or his limb is dislocated. With this option, hematomas spread to large areas of the body, they can form even under the toenails.
Hemorrhage on the big toe can appear due to wearing shoes that are not matched to size.
Hemorrhages of the big toes appear due to weakened vascular walls. Such hemorrhages also occur on any areas of the body and cause pain.
Angiopathies due to diabetes mellitus cause bruising of the subungual area.
If a person is engaged in ballet, dancing for a long time, then this will also cause hematomas of the subungual area.
Sometimes bruises are formed under the nail zone due to taking medications that increase blood clotting.
Heart and vascular failure, oncological processes, mycoses and other pathologies also provoke the appearance of bruises in the subungual region.

How does a hematoma appear under the nail

Why did a bruise appear under the nail plate? When an impact has occurred, then from the damaged vascular tissues, blood accumulates under the nail plate. This blood does not flow out of the nail area due to the fact that it is too dense, so the blood is under the nail. Blood clotting occurs, after a certain period its color changes until it is completely absorbed.

A few minutes after a person is injured, the nail area turns red, after a certain period it turns blue. When the blood coagulates, the nail plate will turn black.

The process of resorption of the blood clot is long, the nail slides off and is replaced by a new nail plate. Accumulated hemorrhage under a burst nail, if the injury has not been treated, is the reason for the addition of an infectious process, which will lead to the destruction of tissue structures.

The soles of the feet and hands with nail plates are covered with black spotted formations with mycoses, skin melanoma. They are similar to hemorrhages, but with the growth of nails, they do not disappear, but destroy the nail plate.

About treatment

How to treat thumbnail hemorrhages? If the leg is damaged and the entire nail zone is captured by the hematoma, the entire hematoma is treated, and not just the damaged nail. At the moment when the finger was injured, apply cold exposure to it through the tissue surface.

The duration of such exposure should not exceed 20 minutes, then a pause is required. This manipulation will reduce pain and the area of the area with hematoma.

The doctor prescribes medications to relieve pain.

Pain relief gels can be applied locally. A few days later, an ointment containing a heparin component is used. Also, unconventional methods of treatment can complement the main therapeutic measures, which should be applied in consultation with a doctor.

About alternative methods of treating a bruise

How to remove a bruise? To do this, the following methods will help:

The use of a compress with finely grated onions in the form of a gruel will help cure the bruise.
The plantain compress will cool the injured area. Finely chopped leaves will remove edematous changes and inflammation.
St. John's wort is used. The proportion of its preparation is as follows: one tablespoon of flowers for the same volume of boiled water. Take 3 times a day until the pain disappears.
If you use baths that contain essential oils and sea salt, then the blood clots under the nail will dissolve faster.

When the nail is opened

If there is an extensive bruise in the subungual area, then you can get help at a hospital. Such help is appropriate only until the time when blood clotting under the nail occurs. The nail plate is perforated with a special drill or surgically removed.

For this purpose, a medical needle or a wire heated by the fire of a burner is also used. The hot needle melts tissue structures without painful sensations and blood loss from under the nail. The operated finger is tied with a sterile bandage, after a certain period the nail plate will slide off.

Thanks to this manipulation, a healthy nail will grow faster. If necessary, use agents that destroy bacteria and relieve inflammation.

About prevention

It is better to prevent the appearance of hemorrhages under the nail plates, and the following measures can help prevent these hemorrhages:

You need to eat a balanced diet rich in ascorbic acid. Vitamin C will strengthen vascular tissues.
Shoes should be worn in a size that does not pinch your toes.
Strong overloads on the legs are unacceptable.
Be sure to observe safety precautions at work.
Be careful when lifting heavy objects.
High-heeled shoes are not allowed.
If hemorrhages appear in any area of the body, then you should consult a doctor.

Preventive measures will always help prevent bruising. But if an injury occurs and a bruise forms on the nail area of the thumb or just a person's body is covered with bruises for no apparent reason, then it is better to consult a specialist and get appropriate treatment.

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