Autumn hairstyles for long hair. Autumn hairstyles. Creation options and tips. Autumn hairstyles for long hair

On all sunscreens, you can see the abbreviation SPF followed by a number. To choose the right sunscreen, you need to know what SPF is. SPF is a sun protection factor. The number that usually stands behind the SPF factor indicates the strength of the protective function of the given sunscreen. The higher this number, the more intensely the product protects the skin from sun damage. The SPF value ranges from 2 to 50.

How to choose the right SPF value

In order to choose the right sunscreen for yourself and correctly determine the SPF value that is suitable for you, you need to know which phototype you belong to.

Among our population, there are four phototypes of appearance.

4 phototypes of appearance

You belong to the first phototype of appearance, if your skin and hair are very light, there are freckles on your skin. Hair can have a red tint, blue or green eye color.

If you belong to the 1st phototype, then remember that your skin is not inclined towards a saturated tan, your skin can easily get sunburn, so you need to use sunscreens with a high SPF value: SPF from 40 to 50, especially at the beginning of summer season, in the future you can switch to a sunscreen with an SPF value of 30, but not lower.

You belong to this phototype, with light skin, brown or blue eyes, light blond hair. The second phototype of appearance differs little from the first, so people who belong to it also easily get sunburn if they are in the sun for a long time without using sunscreens. But their skin can still be gradually taught to be in the sun.

If you belong to the second phototype, then in the first stages of getting a tan, use products with a high SPF - factor: SPF from 30 to 35. Then you can gradually lower the level of sun protection even to a value of 15. You yourself will feel to what SPF value - factor can go down.

This phototype of appearance is the most common among the inhabitants of our strip. You may have fair skin, but if your hair is light brown or brown and your eyes are dark, then a tan is for you. You can very easily get a bronze skin tone without knowing what redness is. But you still need sunscreens because they protect the skin not only from redness, but also from the harmful effects of the sun on the skin, as discussed in the previous article. It will be enough for you to purchase a product with an SPF - factor: SPF from 8 to 15, even in the early stages of tanning.

This phototype of appearance includes people with dark skin, dark hair and dark eyes. If you have these characteristics of appearance and do not know at all what freckles are, then you belong to the 4th phototype.

You are not afraid of a sunburn, you also do not suffer from reddening of the skin, but, again, I repeat that sun exposure to the skin is not just getting a bronze tint, but also ultraviolet exposure that ages our skin, and it should be protected from this. ...

You just need to purchase a sunscreen with an SPF value of up to 8.

Now you know what SPF is and how to choose the right SPF when buying sunscreen.

If someone else does not know, the sun is not only warmth and vitamin D, but also a powerful source of ultraviolet radiation, which causes at least skin aging, at most - cancer.

Sunburn is a very dangerous pleasure. But what summer is without sunbathing? In order to minimize the risks as much as possible, there are various sunscreens, lotions, and sprays. The main indicator of their effectiveness is SPF.

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a sun protection factor, a substance that absorbs ultraviolet rays to prevent sunburn. The degree of protection is always indicated on the packaging of cosmetic products against sunburn, that is, a person can choose a suitable product in accordance with the type of skin and the tendency to burn, - explained Olga Mashkova, dermatologist-oncologist of the Medicina clinic.

Products with SPF provide different degrees of protection - for sure everyone has seen the numbers 10, 20, 30, 50 on the packaging of sunscreen. They show, firstly, the approximate duration of the drug. For example, a cream with SPF 10 should protect the skin for about two hours. And with SPF 50, ideally, up to five hours.

The second indicator that these numbers demonstrate is the approximate amount of ultraviolet rays that will be neutralized by this tool.

Basic protection - products with SPF from 2 to 4, which neutralize from 50% to 75% of ultraviolet rays entering the skin. The average degree of protection is SPF 4–10. Usually, SPF with such low values ​​is found in simple moisturizers, powders or foundations.

For a safe beach holiday, a product with a high SPF is more suitable. Protection 10–20 neutralizes 95% of UV rays. There are also more serious shields from the sun: with an SPF of 20 to 50 - they protect almost 100% from the negative effects of the sun.

For those whose skin is prone to burning, it is better to use products with an SPF above 20. Swarthy sunbathers can choose a product with SPF-10. For every day (and at any time of the year, if you are often in the sun), creams with basic protection against solar radiation are suitable.

An important point - do not think that if you put on sunscreen in the morning (even with SPF 50), then you will be out of the risk zone all day. If you plan to relax on the beach for several hours, then the sunscreen should be "renewed" every two hours (if you swim a lot - even more often).

As you can see, any SPF sunscreen will protect against UV damage. Moral - a little SPF is better than without it at all.

It is better for young children not to sunbathe at all. Future mothers should be especially careful, - noted Olga Mashkova. - Avoid sunburn. Dark tanning is just a fashion statement, it is not a sign of health. It is very important to protect various skin formations and age spots from the sun's rays, which, as a result of intense sunburn, can degenerate into malignant tumors.

According to the specialist, fair-skinned and fair-haired, red-haired people with blue and gray eyes should dose exposure to the sun. The risk group also includes those who have a lot of freckles, age spots and moles.

You can read more about why the sun causes cancer and what beach fans should not forget.

Summer ... Each of us loves to soak up the rays of the gentle sun, lie on the beach, getting a beautiful, even tan. And just walking the streets in clear weather during the hot season (or even all year round, if it happens somewhere in Australia or the countries of Southeast Asia), we find ourselves at risk. Why? Because in addition to sunburn, they can cause significant damage to our skin. The result of their excessive exposure is dryness of the skin, especially the area of ​​the face, arms, shoulders - that is, those places that are not hidden under clothes in hot weather; the appearance of freckles and age spots; and in severe cases, the sun's rays can cause one of the most difficult to treat cancers, melanoma. How to protect yourself and your child? Use a product with SPF. What it is, how to choose the right one depending on your skin type, as well as which brands you should trust, we will tell you in our article. By the way, the sun is quite active in winter, so protection should be used on clear winter days, applying it on the face under make-up.

All about SPF: what it is, its levels and the definition of which indicator you need

So, SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a special substance, the main purpose of which is to absorb and neutralize the effects of sunlight. The level of this factor is usually indicated on the packaging of the product and can range from 5 to 100-120 (the scale is from weak to strong). Manufacturers produce sunscreen products in the form of lotions, sprays, wipes. Also, you may find SPF and lip cream. Usually, the SPF level of a product is indicated on the package. But which factor factor should you choose? There is a simple rule: you need to determine how long it takes for your skin to turn red under the scorching sun - usually this period is 10-15 minutes (although dark-skinned women can turn red in half an hour, while natural blondes of the "Scandinavian" type are enough and 2-5 minutes ). So, the indicated interval, let it be a quarter of an hour, you need to multiply by the SPF indicated on your product, for example SPF 20. 15 x 20 = 300 minutes, that is, you can safely spend 5 hours in the sun. As simple as that.

SPF: select according to skin phototype

So, if you have just started sunbathing, for example, in the first few days at the resort, dermatologists recommend purchasing products that have a slightly higher SPF than you need. If you are the owner of light skin and hair, you will need SPF 50. But at the beginning, in the very first days, it will still be better to use a product with an indicator of 70. If you have a moderate choice of products with SPF 15-20. For children, especially the smallest ones, whose skin does not yet produce the protective pigment melanin in sufficient quantities, use creams or lotions with SPF 80-100.

SPF products: application rules

Keep in mind that creams and lotions need to be applied 15-20 minutes before sun exposure so that they can be absorbed into the skin. When spreading, pay special attention to the face, shoulders, and hands. Also, don't forget about your back. Lips also need protection - you can use a special hygienic lipstick with a protective factor. Although many manufacturers claim that their products are water-resistant, it is still not worth the risk: if, after applying the SPF product, you swim in the sea or the pool, do not be lazy and use the lotion again. Better to spend a few minutes on it than suffer after a few days.

Popular brands of SPF products

What it is, we have already found out: products with a protective factor are presented in the form of all kinds of creams, lotions and sprays. The most popular manufacturers, whose products have an excellent price-quality ratio, are Garnier, Nivea, Sunlight and Krasnaya Liniya. These are inexpensive, democratic brands. Keep in mind that your hair also needs protection, so on the beach it is best to hide it under a cap or kerchief, or use special sprays. So, now you have basic information about the SPF factor: what it is, how to calculate it correctly and which remedy to choose. Now your rest will not be overshadowed by sunburns, and your skin will acquire an even, intense, but at the same time not harmful to health tan.

The sun's rays have a beneficial effect on the human body, but at the same time, their prolonged exposure causes burns and other negative reactions. Can sun protection help to make tanning safe with a special product?

Sunburn is a natural defense reaction, manifested by the production of melanin (pigment) in the skin. It should not be forgotten that the scorching rays of the sun can damage the skin and cause it to dry out. They can even lead to premature aging of the skin and the development of malignant diseases. However, if you take proper care of your skin during the time, neither burns nor premature aging of the skin can prevent you from getting a beautiful tan. Today there is a wide range of special sunscreens with SPF for safe tanning. It remains only to find out which one is suitable in a particular case.

What is SPF?

SPF stands for "sun protection factor" (""). Many people think that SPF shows how long you can sunbathe without harm to your health. In fact, SPF is a parameter that shows how much sun protection you can expect from a particular product. In other words, SPF shows how much UV radiation a person can receive without the risk of developing a burn when using a particular sunscreen. That is, SPF does not characterize the time, but the degree to which the skin's resistance to the sun's rays increases. For example, when using a sunscreen with SPF10, a person can withstand a dose of ultraviolet radiation 10 times greater than without using it without risk to health.

It should be borne in mind that when calculating SPF, averaged indicators are used. This is due to the fact that the critical dose of ultraviolet radiation depends on many factors, and the duration of the tanning session is only one of them. So, the time of day, latitude, weather conditions and, of course, the skin phototype play a significant role. Taking into account all these parameters, especially your own skin phototype, you can choose a sunscreen with the most appropriate SPF.

SPF10, SPF30, SPF50 - which one to choose?

On the packaging of sunscreen products, their main characteristic is always indicated - the degree of protection from the sun. Currently, on store shelves, you can find products with various degrees of protection - from the weakest (SPF2-10) to the maximum (SPF60-100). Naturally, one can make the assumption that it is better to choose the sunscreen that has the highest SPF. However, it is not.

First of all, it should be borne in mind that the SPF value does not directly depend on the capabilities of the sunscreen. For a better understanding, the following analogy can be drawn: one tablet of an antipyretic drug can reduce an elevated body temperature to normal, but it does not follow that five tablets will lower it to zero. Therefore, it is not worth choosing between high and very high SPF. Typically, SPF scores above 50 are referred to as 50+. However, SPFs of 60 to 100 do not provide "supernatural" sun protection. In fact, SPF50 sunscreens are already capable of absorbing 98% of UV rays, and all SPF50 + products provide the same 99% protection.

SPF2 sunscreens are believed to provide protection from 50% of harmful radiation, and SPF4 from 75%. Products with SPF10 block 90% of UV rays from reaching the skin, with SPF15 - approximately 93%, with SPF20 - 95%, with SPF30 - 97% and SPF50 - 98%. The difference between 95%, 97%, and 98% protection may seem insignificant. However, if the skin is very sensitive and reacts painfully to the rays of the sun, or if the person suffers from photodermatosis or has a predisposition to skin diseases (especially malignant ones), a few additional percentages of protection can play an important role. Also, in the first months after plastic surgery or aggressive cosmetic procedures (for example, peeling), the skin requires special protection from the sun.

It is also believed that every person should have two sunscreens: one with an SPF of at least 30, and the other with an SPF10 or slightly lower. At the same time, it is recommended to use funds with SPF30 in the first days of the beach season, and with SPF10 it is advised to use it after a while, when the skin is already adapting to sunlight and tanning a little.

The right sunscreen that matches your phototype and other parameters will help protect your skin and get a safer tan. In addition, on hot summer days, do not forget that in addition to special products, headwear, sunglasses, clothing and shade also provide protection from the sun.

Darina Kataeva

All girls treat their skin with special trepidation. What kind of cosmetics they do not use! Of course, in the summer, the skin of the face becomes more vulnerable, so it needs careful care, and with special means. They are especially popular. But what does it mean? How to choose such a cream? And what are the features of its application?

What is SPF?

Sun Protection Factor is the decoding of the mysterious three letters on creams with such an inscription. It means "sun protection factor". Such an inscription indicates that the cream contains a substance that absorbs ultraviolet rays and protects your skin from their negative effects. The number that follows the inscription tells you how long you can stay in the sun and not be afraid of damaging your skin. The degree of protection is weak (5-15 SPF) and strong (60-100 SPF).

There are SPF creams, lotions, sprays and even wipes on sale. Each girl selects an option that would be most convenient for her to use!

SPF cream protects the skin from the following types of radiation:

UVA. This type of rays is considered to be the most dangerous for human skin. Under the cover that every girl dreams of, they have negative effects and even cause many skin conditions. What are the consequences? Skin cancer or premature aging.
UVB. These rays are less dangerous, but they can cause burns on the skin. UVB rays interfere with the production of a substance called melanin. He is responsible for the color of the tan. When there is too much sun exposure for a particular skin type, these rays cause severe burns.

How does the cream protect the skin? Thanks to special SPF filters. It is they who absorb and scatter the rays so that they do not have a detrimental effect on the skin. There are two types of such filters:

Chemical. Here, such substances are essential: avobenzene and benzophenone. Their role is to absorb the sun's rays until they get burned.
Physical. In this case, the leading positions for such substances: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. They form a film on the skin that reflects the rays and prevents them from penetrating the skin.

These substances and filters endow the cream, lotion or SPF spray with unique and beneficial properties.

How to choose an SPF cream?

The sunscreen is chosen according to your skin type. Therefore, first you should determine what color you have, and then proceed with the purchase. There are 6 main types:

Type of. Light skin, which is more common in blondes or redheads. The eyes are blue. Freckles are sometimes observed. Such skin burns quickly enough, 15-20 minutes is enough for it.
Type of. Light skin, however, it is already found in people with brown or. She burns for half an hour.
Type of. Olive skin. It is light, but at the same time it does not burn at that speed. It takes up to 40 minutes, so such people may well get it.
Type of. Typical for people with dark hair and eyes. It is quite easy for owners of this type to get tanned. Sometimes, when exposed to the sun, the skin begins to turn pink. This takes 60-90 minutes.
Type of. In appearance, the skin of such people is already tanned. It is most commonly found in people who are originally from the Middle East. To change your skin tone, you need to stay in the sun for up to 2 hours.
Type of. This skin is black in itself, so it does not burn. A dark color is a natural shade.

Keep in mind that prolonged exposure to the sun is bad for any skin type. Age spots, freckles and even skin cancer appear.

Now that you know your skin type, it will be much easier for you to choose and use sunscreen correctly. It is important to remember this formula: the time for which you burn, we multiply by the degree of SPF and we get the duration of the cream in your particular case. Consider the example of 1 and 4 skin types.

Type 1 skin is light and burns in 20 minutes. Therefore, the following calculations should be carried out: 20 minutes multiplied by SPF 15, you get 300 minutes or 5 hours of cream protection. This indicator changes depending on the degree of SPF.

Type 4 leather is medium tan and takes 60 minutes to burn. Therefore, you need to multiply 60 by SPF 15. You get 900 minutes or 10 hours of protection.

It is easy to carry out such calculations, the main thing is to correctly determine the type of skin and the time of risk.

It is important to choose the right cosmetic product and know the nuances of its use. Consider the following factors:

Duration of sun exposure. The longer you are in the sun in time, the more SPF you will need.
The amount of cream. Do not be greedy, because the health and beauty of your skin completely depends on the correct application of the cream. For full protection, it is recommended to cover all skin that is not covered by clothing with one but dense layer until completely absorbed.
Where do you plan to stay. If you use SPF on the beach, then choose waterproof products that last even after swimming.
Consider your skin type and texture. For those with thin skin, a lotion or spray is suitable that will not burden the dermis.
For a base for makeup, not a cream, but a sunscreen powder with the SPF level you need is suitable.

How to apply SPF cream?

In order for sunscreen to have the desired effect, you need to know the main rules for applying it to the skin. Remember that it must be completely absorbed before you go outside in the sun. So it is recommended to apply it 15 minutes before leaving. The average amount comes out - 1 tsp. on the face and 1 tbsp. l. on the body. The procedure for applying the cream should be repeated every 2 hours, since it is washed off with sweat and moisture and loses its beneficial properties.

The shelf life of SPF cream is no more than one season, although a longer time may be indicated on the package.

The whole truth about SPF cream

There are various rumors about means with a degree of protection from the sun's rays, which confirms the irrefutable statement: "how many people, so many opinions." However, dermatologists and cosmetologists know much better what is true and what is false about using SPF. But what should you personally know about this term?

SPF does not affect cancer

This is the main and sore subject of many blogs and forums, where the role and effect of SPF creams on the health and appearance of cancer cells is discussed. However, statistics and studies by dermatologists suggest otherwise. It is important to remember that in the composition of such cosmetics there is not iron or titanium itself, but molecules that are not able to penetrate deep into the dermis. They remain on the surface of the skin, as their main role is in UV protection. Without such substances, it will not be possible to achieve the desired result and properly protect the skin.

The best protection is SPF 30

Of course, there are also higher rates - up to 100. However, their effect on the skin is not so significant. Anything above 30 SPF is nothing more than a marketing ploy, because they provide only 2% higher protection! If you are using a cream for going to the beach, then SPF 15-30 is suitable for you, and for a regular walk in the summer, use SPF 8-10.

Dermatologists believe that the best option for protecting girls' skin is SPF 30 cream.

SPF products aren't just for sun protection

Today, when cosmetology is reaching a new level, the border between sunscreens has disappeared. There are more and more universal creams and lotions that can be used for different purposes. These products contain amino acids, vitamins, oils, hyaluronic acid and antioxidants that help moisturize, nourish and restore the skin. They smooth out wrinkles, even out the complexion and prevent premature aging. Such beauty assistants should be in every woman's cosmetic bag!

SPF products do not fight freckles or age spots

The appearance of freckles and age spots is influenced not so much by the sun as by stress, skin characteristics, genetics and diseases. Therefore, creams with an SPF index do not affect such skin in any way, because their main purpose is to protect against UV radiation.

No SPF without chemical ingredients

Connoisseurs of everything natural and healthy look negatively at the composition of many sunscreens. However, when deciding in favor of this or that remedy, it is worth remembering the strong negative effect of sunlight and the consequences that await the skin without proper protection. That is why the packaging of a cream or lotion should indicate what the action of this product is directed to: UVA or UVB rays. The composition must include the following ingredients: salicylates, cinnamates, silicones. These are chemical components, but physical ones are also necessary: ​​zinc and titanium oxide, which cover the skin and protect it from harmful rays.

Now, knowing the truth about SPF products, you will find a cream that will suit you personally and protect you from the harmful effects of the sun's rays. Don't forget that SPF is not only about creams. There are also foods that protect the skin from burns. These include dark chocolate, tomatoes, salmon, watermelon, potatoes, and carrots. Their use will protect you from radiation!

January 18, 2014 12:49 pm