Learn everything: how to do an abortion. Surgical abortion - curettage

22.06.2019

Pregnancy is not a reason for joy and happiness for all girls: there are times when, for medical reasons or because of her own unwillingness to have a child, a woman decides to have an abortion. Any method of removing the fetus is accompanied by a risk of complications and may affect the patient's reproductive functions, her health, and the longer the period, the more traumatic the procedure. This explains why a woman is required to learn about all the subtleties and possible consequences of an abortion, as well as how an abortion is performed, at what time the operation can take place.

What is an abortion

This is an artificial termination of pregnancy, which is done in different ways, the scale of the consequences for the woman's health depends on the choice of method. Aspiration methods practiced today include:

abortion with the help of special drugs;
vacuum termination of pregnancy;
surgical intervention.

The first two methods of abortion are recognized by WHO as less traumatic. As a rule, the removal of the embryo occurs before the onset of 12 weeks, subsequent procedures (at 12-18 weeks) are called late abortions. After 28 weeks, the termination of an unwanted pregnancy is called preterm birth. Each term implies a certain procedure. However, there is no universal way for all women to terminate a pregnancy - the optimal method is selected for each patient.

Indications

The abortion procedure should be performed exclusively in specialized medical institutions. For invasive medical intervention, the following indications apply:

Statement of the death or pathological conditions of the fetus based on the results of the examination.
A wise choice for a woman. Up to 12 weeks, according to the law, a pregnant girl has the right to have an abortion.
Confirmed ectopic pregnancy.
Unforeseen dangerous complications for the life of a baby or a woman that arose during pregnancy.
Serious changes in the girl's health that require immediate treatment that is inconsistent with pregnancy: the need to perform an organ transplant, chemotherapy or radiation therapy against a background of cancer.
Pregnancy due to rape. According to the law, a woman has the right to interrupt her up to 22 weeks of the term.

Contraindications

The procedure is carried out solely at the discretion of the woman, however, there are factors that prohibit certain methods of abortion. Contraindications include:

Rhesus conflict during the first pregnancy;
the presence of infections of the genital tract in an acute form (inflammation of the uterus, etc.);
a period exceeding 12 weeks (except for medical indications);
low blood clotting;
acute pathologies of other organs.

How often can you do

Doctors consider this question incorrect, and the only correct answer to it is as often as the female body can withstand. Any doctor, at the same time, will talk about the dangers of abortion for health and advise against this measure, but not everyone can comply with this recommendation for various reasons. So, it is possible to talk about the permissible frequency of the procedure only from the point of view of minimizing the harmful effects of this medical procedure on the girl's body.

It should be understood that an abortion is done after the patient has completely recovered from a previous abortion. This period depends on individual factors:

General health. Sleep, nutrition, medication, physical or psycho-emotional stress, stress - all this affects the speed of recovery.
age. The older the woman, the slower tissue regeneration occurs and the immune system copes worse.
Qualifications of the specialist who did the previous procedure.
Type of previous abortion. After medical or vacuum aspiration, the recovery time is shorter than after surgery.
Heredity. The endurance of women depends on the genetic potential.

What doctor does

If there are medical indications, doctors perform a procedure to terminate the pregnancy. Aspirations are done in gynecological clinics equipped with their own laboratory. Before performing an abortion, you need to pass a series of tests prescribed by a gynecologist (obstetrician), who previously examined you and confirmed the fact of pregnancy. Examination and aspiration should be done as soon as possible after a missed period.

Preparation

Before doing aspiration, the patient is sent for examination. Only on the basis of their results, the doctor decides whether the procedure is acceptable. The training includes the following diagnostic techniques:

blood tests for HIV, viral hepatitis, syphilis;
gynecological examination;
biochemical and general blood tests, urinalysis;
cardiography;
coagulogram;
analysis of the level of chorionic gonadotropin;

How is it done

In some cases, a mild pregnancy can have negative consequences - spontaneous abortion occurs (miscarriage occurs). It can be caused by various factors, as a rule, infections, nervous conditions, poor lifestyle, complications of a number of diseases, etc. Other types of abortion are called artificial and involve third-party intervention. When a woman decides to go for it, in no case should you independently perform home abortions, because in doing so you will endanger your life and the child.

Surgical abortion

The method involves scraping the uterine cavity with a special tool to remove the fetal egg during a miscarriage or to stop the pregnancy. During surgical termination of pregnancy, damage to the uterus occurs, which can lead to severe bleeding, however, surgery is considered the most reliable method of aspiration.

How is a surgical abortion done surgically? The process takes place between 6 and 12 weeks. The indications for the procedure are:

conception as a result of rape;
a woman's illness incompatible with pregnancy;
drug or alcohol addiction;
unwillingness to have a child;
infection with dangerous viruses that are transmitted to the fetus or may affect its development;
taking drugs with a teratogenic effect;
intrauterine death of the fetus, malformations of its development.

It is not recommended to resort to the procedure for women during their first pregnancy. because there is a high risk that fetal curettage will lead to loss of reproductive function. How is a surgical abortion performed? Intervention is carried out exclusively in a hospital hospital, while before the procedure, the doctor informs the woman about the possible risk and complications. Since the epithelium is removed from the walls of the uterus during aspiration, the woman feels pain. To avoid discomfort, doctors perform an abortion under general anesthesia.

A special probe is inserted into the cervix, with the help of which it is expanded, gaining access to the fetal egg. The remains of the embryo are removed with a tool - a curette, and the mucous membrane is carefully scraped out. Instrumental abortion lasts from 15 to 30 minutes. Since this method is very effective, a second procedure is rarely required. After surgical aspiration, which involves anesthesia, the woman remains under the supervision of the medical staff for some time (from a couple of hours to 3 days).

Vacuum

This method belongs to the instrumental category and is recommended by WHO as a safe way to terminate pregnancy at an early stage (up to 12 weeks). The effectiveness of this procedure is almost 100%, while the likelihood of infertility or complications does not exceed 0.1%. Indications for vacuum aspiration:

incomplete abortion, which was previously done with the help of hormonal drugs;
the desire of the patient to stop the pregnancy;
presence of medical indications.

How does an abortion work with a vacuum? The procedure is done in a specialized gynecological clinic, usually on an outpatient basis. In the course, local anesthetics are used, which remove discomfort. The process is carried out in stages:

a woman is seated on a gynecological chair, the genital tract is treated with an antiseptic and a local anesthetic;
a vacuum aspirator is inserted through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity;
using a special tool, the functional layer of the endometrium is removed along with the implanted egg.

The total vacuum aspiration time is about 15 minutes. After the procedure, it is required to be observed by a doctor for up to 2 hours so that he can respond in a timely manner to possible uterine bleeding. After the patient is released home, while the woman must observe sexual rest regime for 2-3 weeks. Possible complications of vacuum abortion are:

incomplete abortion (if it is impossible to carry out ultrasound control after surgery);
bleeding (stopped by drugs or through surgery);
nausea/vomiting, dizziness (temporary symptoms that go away on their own after a short time).

medical

The use of this method is recommended for up to 9 weeks, but not more than 49 days after the last menstrual bleeding. Medical interruption involves taking progestin and prostaglandin antagonist tablets. Modern clinics use a combination of medications such as misoprostol and mifepristone. Indications for drug removal of the embryo are:

the state of health of the girl;
the desire of the pregnant woman (if the term allows).

Contraindications to taking special medications that cause fetal rejection are:

ectopic pregnancy;
drug intolerance;
serious illness in the acute phase;
late pregnancy;
poor rheological properties of blood.

They do a mini-abortion in a specialized institution under the constant supervision of a doctor. As a rule, drug aspiration does not require a hospital stay, so medication is taken on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is needed only in case of complications - incomplete abortion, adverse reactions in the form of allergies, diarrhea, fever, etc. The effectiveness of this method is 92-98%, while it is considered a relatively safe type of aspiration and is psychologically easier to tolerate by women.

How long does it take

Like any other field of medicine, obstetrics has made great strides over the past decades. Termination of pregnancy does not cause difficulties for specialists, and the risk of complications due to modern technology and drugs is minimized. The duration of different types of aspiration starts from 10 minutes and goes up to 40 minutes. What is the duration of specific types of procedures:

vacuum - 10-15 minutes;
scraping - 20-40 minutes;
medical abortion - instantly, but requires a 36-48-hour interval between doses of drugs.

Recovery period

The girl should avoid heavy physical exertion, monitor changes in body temperature, in addition, the doctor after aspiration may recommend periodically doing pregnancy tests to make sure that the level of gonadotropin in the urine decreases. After surgical curettage, it is necessary to take drugs that stimulate uterine contractions for some time. For 2 weeks after the abortion, it is forbidden to swim in hot or cold water (a moderately warm shower is allowed), in addition, you should not relax in open water.

Sexual life can be resumed from the moment the discharge stops, but not earlier than 14 days after the aspiration - this will protect you from infection of the uterus. It is extremely important to eat right after surgery, as weight gain is possible. Some girls who are very worried about what happened should visit a psychologist. 2 weeks after the intervention, it is necessary to see a doctor and undergo an ultrasound scan to make sure that the removal of the embryo was successful. The doctor will also advise the patient on a reliable method of contraception.

Consequences

Before deciding on an aspiration, you should find out not only how an abortion is done, but also what problems can arise after this. Surgery and medication can cause hormonal imbalances and other more serious consequences. After the removal of the fetal egg, the following complications may occur:

Infection. When pathogenic bacteria enter the uterine cavity, an inflammatory process or blood poisoning occurs.
Heavy bleeding. In severe cases, removal of the uterus is necessary.
Injury to the cervix. Such a consequence is reflected in the course of the next pregnancy, increasing the risk of miscarriage.
incomplete abortion. The fetal egg remains in the cavity of the organ, continuing its development. In this case, there is a high probability that the child will be born with defects.
Infertility. The lining of the uterus is damaged during the operation, so it can be difficult for the embryos to attach to it later on.
Perforation of the uterine walls. In this case, the damaged area is sutured, but there is a risk of loss of the reproductive organ due to the bleeding that has opened.
The formation of a placental polyp. If a certain number of chorionic villi remain inside the uterus, being fixed on its walls by connective tissue, pathology begins. It is often accompanied by pain, vaginal bleeding.

Is it possible to get pregnant after an abortion

Approximately on the 25th day after the operation, menstruation begins. Until this moment, the girl must protect herself, since it is highly likely that a new fertilization will occur immediately. At the same time, it is possible to bear a child before childbirth, however, there is a risk of miscarriage or premature contractions, since the female body has not yet grown stronger after the intervention.

Many doctors prescribe hormonal contraceptives to patients who have undergone aspiration. They stimulate the production of mucus in the cervical canal, which subsequently serves as additional protection for the tubes and uterus from infection. This is necessary to protect the vulnerable organism from pathologies and give it the opportunity to recover after an abortion. As a rule, this period takes six months, during which the menstrual cycle is established and the uterine mucosa is completely renewed, after which the female body is again ready to bear the fetus.

Video

Our life often throws us quite unpleasant surprises that we have to deal with with greater or lesser losses. So for many of the fair sex, the appearance of two stripes on the test is a real surprise, a huge problem, and sometimes a tragedy. In this case, the question of the need for an abortion is raised. Many years ago, such a procedure was extremely dangerous for health and life, but the modern development of medicine has made it safer. We will tell you how girls have an abortion now and have done it before.

How did you get an abortion before?

The problem of unwanted pregnancy is not new at all; since ancient times, mankind has faced the need to limit the number of offspring. Many of our ancestors did not have any information about the mechanisms of the birth of a new life, and they were simply not able to feed a huge number of children. That is why they had to invent all sorts of rather savage methods that could save them from an unwanted pregnancy.

So, our ancestors determined that miscarriage is often the result of aggressive exposure to high temperatures. Accordingly, in order to prevent the development of pregnancy and start the processes of its interruption, those who did not want the birth of a child visited the bathhouse, while heating the steam room to the maximum tolerable values. Needless to say, such experiments on your body often did not cause the desired effect, but provoked all sorts of health problems. The miscarriage that occurred under such conditions was often complicated by serious bleeding.

Another option, which our great-great-grandmothers often resorted to, is the introduction of various foreign bodies into the body. So for abortion, it was customary to use knitting needles, various plants and other completely strange substances that were injected directly into the uterine cervix. These methods of interruption very often provoked the most serious bleeding, sepsis, etc., which usually became the cause of death.

Also, our ancestors actively used various properties of herbs that can cause early termination of pregnancy. Such properties are possessed by a flattened club moss, barberry, watercress, gentian, as well as periwinkle. On their basis, infusions, tinctures and decoctions were prepared, which were taken orally and used for douching. Such funds not only rarely have the desired effect, but in the absence of an effect, they can cause various kinds of disturbances in the development of the fetus.

Thus, the methods of abortion that were used by our ancestors significantly increased the mortality rate of a pregnant woman and various serious problems with her precious health. However, the development of medicine has helped all women to avoid most of these problems, and to maintain health during a forced abortion.

How do girls get an abortion now?

If you came to the doctor, and you were offered to have an interruption at any moment, without even verifying the state of your body, the presence and duration of pregnancy, you should not trust this clinic. A positive pregnancy test will not be enough for doctors, a qualified specialist will examine the patient on the chair, conduct an ultrasound examination and may recommend donating blood for hCG levels.

Up to six to eight weeks of pregnancy, the doctor may allow a medical abortion, if the period has exceeded this figure, but has not reached three weeks, a mini-abortion is practiced, which is performed using a vacuum device. Until the twelfth week of waiting for the child, the uterine cavity is scraped.
The choice of the appropriate method is carried out exclusively by the doctor, focusing not only on the term, but also on the individual characteristics of the patient.

With a medical abortion, the doctor prescribes a medicine in a certain amount - two or three tablets. The patient will need to drink them immediately or at a certain interval. Such a drug will provoke the development of bleeding, reminiscent of menstruation. In this case, the woman will be disturbed by unpleasant painful sensations, more intense than with ordinary menstruation.

In the event that there are indications for a mini-abortion or curettage, then for this the woman will have to visit the clinic. In this case, the patient will be asked to go to a separate room (small operating room). The anesthesiologist will clarify her state of health, followed by a special injection for anesthesia. Under general anesthesia, the woman's cervix is expanded. When using a vacuum apparatus, it is as if the fetal egg is sucked out of the uterine cavity. Curettage is carried out using special tools that clean the uterine cavity. With normal health after such a manipulation, a woman is allowed to go home relatively quickly - literally in a few hours. However, doctors strongly recommend staying in the clinic for a day in order to prevent and correct possible complications in time.

Regardless of the type of abortion performed, the woman will have to visit the gynecologist again and have an ultrasound scan done to confirm the termination of the pregnancy. In addition, the patient is prescribed certain medications and visits to physiotherapy. The doctor also helps to choose the optimal method of contraception. If you feel worse after an abortion, you should immediately consult a doctor to correct this condition.

Surgical abortion is an operation during which the uterine lining is scraped to remove the ovum in a miscarriage or to terminate a pregnancy. As a method of interruption, it is reliable, although it threatens with complications.

In gynecology, the scraping procedure is quite common and is also used to diagnose a number of diseases.

Surgical abortion is carried out for a period of 6 to 12 weeks. After the specified period, at the request of the woman, abortion is not done, this requires serious grounds.

Indications for surgical abortion on time are:

conception as a result of rape;
unwillingness of a woman to give birth to a child;
maternal diseases that prevent pregnancy (severe diabetes, oncology, heart disease, liver, kidney damage, etc.);
alcoholism or drug addiction in a pregnant woman;
infection with dangerous viruses transmitted to the child or affecting its development (HIV, hepatitis,);
taking drugs that have a teratogenic effect;
malformations of the embryo, identified by ultrasound;
intrauterine fetal death at an early stage.

Surgical abortion is not performed if a woman has a sexually transmitted disease. Also a contraindication is a violation of blood clotting, inflammation of the uterus or ovaries, an allergic reaction to anesthesia.

Due to the risk of infertility, this method is not recommended for terminating a first pregnancy.

How is a surgical abortion performed?

Termination of pregnancy is a surgical intervention that is carried out only in a hospital. Before starting the procedure, the doctor must inform the woman about the possible risks and complications.

The anti-epidemic regimen during surgical abortion must be carefully observed. The patient must first undergo an ultrasound examination, gynecological examination, take smears, as well as tests for hepatitis C, syphilis and HIV.

Women are interested in how a surgical abortion is done and whether this procedure is painful. Despite the fact that the threshold of sensitivity is individual, after the expansion of the cervix and the removal of the epithelium from the walls, unpleasant, sometimes severe pain may occur.

The procedure is usually performed under general intravenous anesthesia, so the patient does not feel the process itself.

Using a special probe, the cervix is expanded. Through it, instruments are immersed into the cavity, which destroy the fetal egg. Its remains are removed with a special curette, and the epithelium on the walls is scraped off.

The operation can last from 15 to 30 minutes. Efficiency is high, so a second procedure is rarely required.

After a surgical abortion, a woman is under the supervision of medical personnel for some time (from several hours to 2-3 days). In the future, she is allowed to go home and prescribed drugs that stimulate uterine contractions.

Is it possible to get pregnant after an abortion?

Approximately on the 25th day after the procedure, menstruation begins. Until this time, it is necessary to carefully protect yourself, since a new pregnancy can occur immediately. It is possible to save the child, but there is a risk of premature birth, since the woman's body is not yet ready for such loads.

Many gynecologists prescribe hormonal contraceptives to their patients after surgery. Under their influence, the mucus in the cervical canal thickens and serves as an additional barrier that protects the uterus and tubes from infection.

So, when can you get pregnant after a surgical abortion? It will take at least six months for the body to fully recover from the operation. During this period, the menstrual cycle will improve, the uterine mucosa will recover and the woman, if there are no complications, will be ready for a new pregnancy and childbearing.

Recovery period

After an abortion, a woman should avoid heavy physical exertion and periodically measure her body temperature. Your doctor may recommend doing pregnancy tests at home to make sure that the level of gonadotropin in your urine is dropping and that the fertilized egg has indeed been removed.

Within 2 weeks after the abortion, a warm shower is used for hygiene procedures. Do not take a bath or swim in open water during this period. Sexual life can be resumed after the cessation of discharge, but not earlier than after 14 days. This helps prevent infection from entering the uterus.

It is possible to gain weight after a surgical abortion, so you need to eat right. Some women may need the help of a psychologist during this period.

2 weeks after the procedure, you need to come for a consultation with a doctor and undergo an ultrasound examination to make sure there are no complications. Also, the specialist will select a reliable method of contraception.

In what cases it is necessary to see a doctor?

You should immediately seek medical help if you have a fever, dizziness, or general malaise after an abortion. It is also worth going to the doctor for bleeding and severe pain in the abdomen or perineum.

A woman should be alerted by the fact that there is no discharge after a surgical abortion. This indicates a spasm of the cervix, as a result of which all the blood remains in the cavity and provokes inflammation.

Another indication for visiting a doctor is the presence of a positive pregnancy test within a week after an abortion or longer. If the stripes on it do not fade, this situation indicates that the abortion was incomplete.

Possible complications after an abortion

Surgery inevitably has an impact on a woman's health.

After a surgical abortion is done, a number of complications may occur:

Severe bleeding requiring immediate medical attention. In severe cases, removal of the uterus is indicated.
Infection. This is a common complication that occurs more often if the abortion was performed in non-sterile conditions. The entry of pathogenic organisms into the uterine cavity can lead to an inflammatory process () or to blood poisoning (sepsis). The latter is sometimes fatal.
Injury to the cervix, the cause of which is the unprofessional actions of the doctor who performed the operation. The resulting damage negatively affects the bearing of the next pregnancy, increasing the likelihood of miscarriage or premature birth.
Infertility. During the procedure, the inner surface of the uterus is damaged, which is why in the future the embryo cannot attach and dies.
incomplete abortion. In this case, after the procedure, the fetal egg remains in the uterine cavity and continues to develop. Re-curettage is required, since there is a high probability of the birth of a child with malformations.
The appearance of a placental polyp. This happens if a small amount of chorionic villi remains inside the uterus, attached to its walls by connective tissue. Pathology may be accompanied by pain and prolonged bleeding. Surgical removal of the polyp is indicated.
With an atypical structure or position of the uterus during a surgical abortion, its walls are sometimes perforated. In such a situation, the damaged area is sutured, but there is a risk of loss of the genital organ due to bleeding.

Separate complications may appear several years after the procedure in the form of hormonal imbalances or patency of the fallopian tubes.

Despite the abundance of systemic and local contraceptive drugs in the pharmacy network, the question of how to terminate an early pregnancy on your own is still open. Why do such thoughts visit modern women when there is an opportunity to solve the problem with the least consequences for the body? Perhaps there are situations when a woman needs to hide an unplanned pregnancy. Although private clinics or gynecological offices guarantee absolute anonymity to their patients, not all women dare to go to the doctor with a similar problem.

What is special about home methods?

The ignorance of some women about the existing humane methods of abortion, young age, the desire to remain anonymous and other reasons make the weaker sex think about how to have an early abortion on their own. A hastily made decision threatens not only with the likelihood of all kinds of complications, but also poses a real threat to forever lose the happiness of motherhood.

Modern medicine provides an opportunity to prevent the development of pregnancy with the help of medical abortion. A consultation with a gynecologist will prevent you from making the wrong decision. Manipulations carried out under the strict supervision of a qualified doctor are less dangerous than abortion at home.

If a woman nevertheless made a different decision and is thinking about how to get rid of the pregnancy, then she should be sufficiently aware of the risk of losing fertility.

Termination of pregnancy at home occurs with the help of:

the use of hormonal contraceptive pills;
the use of decoctions prepared from medicinal plants with high toxicity and contractile characteristics;
performing heavy physical exercises with weight lifting.

It is not even necessary to remember such brutal methods as punctures of the uterus with pointed objects, blows to the stomach, douching with various caustic substances. "Grandmother's" methods, used at a time when medical abortion was prohibited at the legislative level, left a woman permanently disabled or took her life. Any abortive measures carried out by folk remedies do not exclude the risk of bleeding or sepsis.

Termination of pregnancy with drugs

How to terminate a pregnancy with hormonal (contraceptive) pills at an early stage at home is widely described on the Internet. But the desire to remain anonymous should not cloud common sense. In any case, it is desirable to consult a gynecologist, which pills can be used to terminate a pregnancy.

Drugs that reject a fertilized egg include:

Pencrofton (Mirolute, Mifolian, Enzaprost-F);
Mifeprex (Mifepristone, Genale, Mifegin, Agesta, Ginestril, Esmya).

At what time it is possible to prevent the process of fertilization or terminate the onset of pregnancy with pills, only a doctor should advise. The effectiveness of the listed contraceptives in the early stages, especially in the first week, has been proven.

If you take 2 tablets of Norkolut for 3-5 days, you can cause bleeding in the first days of delay. However, it should be remembered that the drug can disrupt the further rhythm of the natural cycle. The drug is contraindicated during puberty. It should not be taken by young girls in puberty. The question of how to terminate a pregnancy in the first week of delayed menstruation should be decided only by a doctor.

Tablets Postinor referred to as means to prevent pregnancy "the next morning." If the probability of pregnancy is in question, then taking 2 Postinor tablets within 36 hours will give a noticeable result. The drug is taken as soon as possible. The standard dose should not be exceeded, since the high content of gestagen present in the tablets increases the contractility of the uterus, threatens the development of heavy bleeding, followed by a violation of the hormonal background. High toxicity of the drug can provoke vomiting, intense headaches, lethargy. For any suspicious symptoms, seek medical attention. It is impossible to predict the further development of complications.

Pencrofton used to terminate uterine pregnancy at a short time. To achieve a positive result, you need to drink 3 tablets at a time. A woman terminating a pregnancy should not be alone during this period. The presence of a loved one nearby will prevent possible consequences. The first two hours after taking the drug are especially critical. There is a high probability of heavy bleeding, severe pain in the uterus and appendages, dizziness, weakness. After 10-14 days after taking the drug, a control ultrasound should be done. If rejection of the fetal egg does not occur, vacuum aspiration or surgical abortion is required. Pencrofton has many contraindications, so a preliminary acquaintance with the instructions is mandatory. The drugs Mirolut, Mifolian, Enzaprost-F have a similar effect.

Mifepristone prevents the implantation of a fertilized egg and, due to the contractility of the myometrium, contributes to the removal of the fetal egg in the presence of pregnancy in the first weeks. One tablet is drunk at a dose of 600 mg, the second (repeatedly) - 400 mg (to enhance the effect). A miscarriage that has occurred can be judged by a reduced level of human chorionic gonadotropin and bleeding that has appeared. The drug is strictly contraindicated in suspected ectopic pregnancy. A great many side effects make you think about the need to terminate a pregnancy in this way. Control ultrasound is mandatory. If rejection does not occur, vacuum aspiration is performed. Mifeprex, Genale, Agesta, Esmya, Mifegin, Ginestril have a similar effect.

A woman terminating a pregnancy at a short term should verify her presence with a pregnancy test. The level of the gestational hormone - chorionic gonadotropin - begins to increase from the moment of fertilization. Every day his figures are increasing. A visit to the gynecologist is mandatory after 10-14 days after the miscarriage. Ultrasound examination of the uterus will confirm or refute the presence of a fetal egg. If rejection does not occur, the gynecologist will prescribe curettage followed by antibiotic therapy. This fact determines the negative attitude of doctors to medical abortion.

You can prevent the implantation of the fetal egg with the help of vaginal suppositories. The local effect of Epostan suppositories, administered daily into the vagina, is observed after 14 days. This method is less efficient (up to 60-70%).

The listed methods of abortion using pills are effective up to 3 weeks after intercourse. It is impossible to terminate a pregnancy for a long time with the help of birth control pills. This is stupid and irrational.

You can get rid of an unplanned pregnancy with folk remedies. In the old days, there were no synthetic hormonal agents, and women used herbal decoctions from medicinal plants to terminate pregnancy.

These plants include the following:

Watercress. Its fresh juice, diluted in a ratio of 1 to 2 and additionally boiled, take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
Carnation field. From 10 g of dried clove flowers and 250 ml of water, a decoction is prepared for 5-7 minutes. Take 3-4 times a day.
Marsh ledum. 1 st. l. Herbs are brewed in 1 cup boiling water. Take on an empty stomach 3 times a day.
The club is flattened. A decoction prepared from 0.5 tbsp. water and 1 tbsp. l. herbs, take 2 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.

These plants are highly toxic. If the dose is exceeded, unpleasant symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract can be observed in the form of nausea or vomiting, diarrhea. With the appearance of severe headaches and general weakness, the decoction should be discontinued in order to avoid dire consequences. It is better to make a choice in favor of synthetic analogues - hormonal agents.

The effectiveness of folk methods is the higher, the earlier they were taken (no later than 1 week after the delay of menstruation). At later dates, there is a possibility of incomplete abortion.

An equally common folk method is a mustard bath. A hot bath with mustard powder stimulates blood circulation. I would like to note that such manipulations threaten with an allergic reaction and skin burns. And in most cases they do not bring the expected result.

When a woman is preparing to become a mother, the body tries with all its might to preserve the fetus. There is an active production of the hormone of pregnancy, physiological changes in the reproductive organs. It makes no sense to take shocking folk remedies, most of which threaten disability.

Home abortions are criminal. A rash decision can forever change the fate of a woman. This is not only physical, but also mental suffering throughout life. Many women of mature age regret the mistakes made in their youth. Let the decision be agreed with the gynecologist, and not with friends or correspondence on the Internet.

Medical abortion is the termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks of pregnancy. Depending on the timing, it is customary to divide it into two types:

early - up to 12 weeks;
late - from the 13th to the 22nd week.

This division is associated with the technique of abortion.

Necessary tools

Answering the question of how an abortion occurs, we must first consider what tools are needed for this. So, for the production of a medical abortion you will need:

bullet forceps, which fix the cervix;
Gegar dilators, which expand the cervical canal;
a probe that determines the length of the uterus;
a set of curettes that scrape the walls of the uterine cavity;
vacuum aspirator.

Medical abortion technique

How an abortion is done depends on the gestational age, since the technique of abortion up to 12 weeks is different from the technique for a period of more than 12 weeks. In the beginning, let's look at how an early abortion goes, which is also divided into mini-abortion up to 6 weeks.

A mini-abortion can be performed on an outpatient basis. It usually lasts a few minutes. This requires a manual vacuum aspirator. This technique does not require anesthesia. However, this abortion can be performed up to 6 weeks of pregnancy. This is one of the new ways to terminate a pregnancy.

Medical abortion up to 12 weeks is performed according to the traditional method. It consists of several stages. At the first stage, the cervix is fixed with bullet forceps. At the second stage, probing of the uterine cavity is done. Its purpose is to determine the length of the uterine cavity and the position of the uterus relative to the axis of the cervical canal (the uterus can be tilted anteriorly or backwards, as well as to the sides). Determining the location of the uterus reduces the risk of uterine perforation to a certain extent. The next stage involves the expansion of the cervical canal with Gegar dilators. This is necessary in order to be able to introduce instruments directly designed to remove the fetal egg from the uterus. Therefore, the last step is the use of a vacuum aspirator or curettes. If a medical abortion is performed with curettage, then after the complete removal of the fetal egg, a characteristic sound of “crunchy snow” appears. It indicates that there is nothing in the uterus.

How long does a medical abortion take? Usually, an abortion up to 12 weeks is carried out in 5-10 minutes, depending on the gestational age. It takes place under intravenous anesthesia, while the woman breathes on her own, that is, respiratory support is not required.

Abortion in the period from 12 weeks to 22 weeks is carried out according to a technique that resembles childbirth, therefore, among the people, termination of pregnancy at this time is called artificial childbirth. How long does it take and what is this technique? It takes several days to terminate a pregnancy at this time. It is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, it is necessary to prepare the cervix with the help of drugs from the group of prostaglandins or progesterone antagonists. At the second stage, it is necessary to induce contractile activity of the uterus. After this, the birth of the fetus and afterbirth occurs. Since the integrity of the placenta is always in doubt, after termination of pregnancy, it is imperative to curettage the uterine cavity according to the method discussed above, but using a large curette (Boom's curette).

Indications for medical abortion

Abortion up to 12 weeks can be performed both at the request of the woman, and taking into account medical indications. The latter include all those cases when the pregnancy cannot be continued due to a threat to the life of the mother or fetus. Usually these are diseases of a woman in the stage of sub- and decompensation, anomalies in the development of the fetus that are incompatible with life, oncological diseases, etc.

Abortion beyond 12 weeks can be performed only upon the conclusion of a medical commission. Medical and social indications must be taken into account. In turn, the medical indications are the same as discussed above. The social ones are:

the unemployed status of a woman;
loss of a husband during pregnancy;
finding a woman or husband in prison, etc.

That is, in order for an abortion to be performed at such a time, the woman’s desire alone is not enough.

After a medical abortion, it is necessary to adhere to certain recommendations that contribute to a smoother post-abortion period. Consider them:

how long should antibiotics be taken? To prevent infectious complications, antibiotics must be taken from five to seven days;
How long should you limit your sex life? On average, this is one month;
how long can you take a bath? Depending on the period, this time can vary from a week to a month (the longer the period, the longer the restriction).

Complications of medical abortion

Abortion, like any invasive intervention, can have certain complications. They may be early or late. These include:

perforation of the uterus, that is, perforation of its wall with instruments;
bleeding;
infectious complications;
violation of the ovarian-menstrual cycle;
infertility due to the development of an adhesive process in the uterine cavity or due to a very thin endometrium.

Alternative to medical abortion

An alternative to medical abortion is medical abortion. How is an abortion done in this case, what is its technique? This type of abortion involves the use of special drugs that help terminate the pregnancy. They are applied in two stages, taking into account the mechanism of their action. How long does an abortion last in this case? Usually it takes 2-3 days to carry it out, in external manifestations it resembles menstruation.

In conclusion, it should be noted that abortion is not a method of birth control and should only be performed as a last resort. In order to avoid an unplanned pregnancy, it is necessary to use contraceptives. Ideally, medical abortion should only be performed for medical reasons, when the pregnancy poses a risk to the woman or may result in the birth of a defective child.