What determines the width of the hips in women. Waist size in women. The norm is how to measure the girth, reduce the waist. Exercises. To do this, there are a number of sequential steps
The waist-to-hip ratio is considered a more accurate health indicator than BMI because it can show the difference in body shape between two people with the same BMI.
What does the waist-to-hip ratio show?
The waist-to-hip ratio shows how much smaller the waist is in relation to the hips.
Waist - hips for men and women
Waist-to-hip ratios are interpreted differently for men and women. This ratio is usually higher for men than for women.
What is the optimal difference between waist and hips
For women, the best ratio is considered to be less than 0.8 (narrow waist - wide hips), for men - 0.9 (wider waist). For both men and women, the risks of heart disease and other problems associated with being overweight increase dramatically with a waist-to-hip ratio greater than 1.
Ideal hip to waist ratio
Since ancient times, 0.7 has been considered the ideal waist-to-hip ratio.
Waist-hip index for determining body type
Based on the size of the waist and hips, the main types of figures are determined - an apple, a pear, an hourglass.
Waist size
Some research shows that waist-to-hip ratio is the most accurate predictor of risk. But other studies have found that waist circumference excluding hips is more reliable. The calculator provides both indicators so as not to miss the possible risk.
Waist size and body mass index
With a normal body mass index, even an increased waist circumference does not increase the risk. Whereas with a high body mass index, even a smaller waist size increases the possibility of health problems. A large waist size is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease with a body mass index of more than 25. Values in the high-risk zone are waist more than 102 cm for men and more than 88 cm for women.
According to doctors, in men and women, every extra five centimeters, when measuring the waist, can lead to an increase in the risk of premature death (in men by 17%, in women by 13%). Many people simply do not quite understand why fat is so dangerous and they continue to consume unhealthy foods until the last, and lead an incorrect lifestyle. It should be noted right away that this sign directly indicates the presence of the most dangerous type of obesity, and it is abdominal. It is the waist indicator (for men) that characterizes the state of health, it can indicate what level of longevity should be expected from a particular person.
It is worth noting that people who are of normal height, weight, but extra centimeters in the waist area, are in a very dangerous position, in fact, a key risk zone. Most often, in men, this indicates directly a hereditary lifestyle, which is relevant, given the ratio of the hip and waist circumference only in 50% of cases. In the remaining half of the cases, the reason for this manifestation is the direct negative impact of the lifestyle, completely incorrectly selected nutrition.
Dimensions in the belt, what to look for
As statistics show, for men, the size in the belt should be about half of the total height. For example, if an index ratio of 0.53 is observed according to measurements, therefore, there are already excess fat deposits in the body, with which something must be done immediately. Analyzing the general indicators of how many centimeters the waist should be in women and men, the following indicators should be noted:
- If the waist volume is set with a coefficient of up to 0.50 of height - this is a normal state, then the amount of fat in the body is minimal, therefore, there is no need to make any additional attempts to lose it;
- With a coefficient of 0.53, you need to think about revising your own diet, these are the first signs that there are all the prerequisites for subsequent obesity;
- In turn, an indicator of 0.58 centimeters already indicates the fact that this is the first stage of obesity, therefore, if the waist has reached the level of this indicator in its values, then mortality increases by about 50%, and this must be avoided by any possible means ...
You can summarize a little by establishing that the optimal value is the indicator of the circumference in the waist area at a level of up to 94 centimeters. The subsequent increase to 102 centimeters already indicates directly the presence of dangerous body fat, and if this value is also exceeded, it means that the first signs of obesity are noticeable and it is necessary to take specific steps in order to solve this problem and not let your body risk so much. Consequently, the more the indicator increases, the more dangerous it will be for a person to live. Even when the overall weight remains normal, a large belly will become a real problem that will be very difficult to solve.
Such manifestations can easily indicate that the risk of the formation of cancer cells, heart disorders, due to which virtually the entire body of a man suffers, is high. It is worth noting the fact that not only the body as a whole, but also the skeleton will suffer from an excess of fat in the abdominal area, an additional load is placed on it and this can lead to very serious consequences. At the same time, there is a significant decrease in the indicators of male strength, which will immediately need to be paid attention to, so as not to cause complications even in relationships with women.
Measuring the waist of women
It's no secret that women are valued for their perfectly thin waist, which in itself indicates not only the attractiveness of the fair sex, but also her health. It is worth noting that there are simply no specific methods for measuring the waist and deriving the optimal calculation according to the formula, but some indicators can be cited. According to many doctors, for women of average height (170 centimeters), the optimal waist value should be at the level of 80 centimeters.
It is possible to disagree a little, given that the usual model ratio is set as 90-60-90 (but it is model, in order to reflect the state of public opinion on a particular problem and indicate quite generalized values). In this regard, we can single out the formula that the optimal waist ratio for a woman is her height, divided in half, 15 is still subtracted from this indicator. Therefore, if a woman is 170 centimeters tall, her ideal waist ratio will already be 70 centimeters. This is the best option, but what to do in cases where this value is slightly higher:
- If the resulting figure for the same 170 centimeters is set as 80, it means that the body already has fat and it is necessary to start fighting with it in all possible ways so that one can count on "entering the ideal shape";
- When a woman has a slight increase in this indicator, in other words, the waist is slightly more than the established 80 centimeters, this may already indicate the need to search for a special approach to the subsequent disposal of accumulated fat. It is quite easy for the fair sex to do this, it is only necessary to normalize their daily nutrition, lifestyle, after which the first steps towards gaining physical health and longevity will be noticeable.
What is visceral obesity
In order to be able to establish what the current status of body fat is (in fact, to check if there is visceral obesity), it is necessary to accurately measure the waist and own hips. So, as has already been established, a circumference with a value of about 94 centimeters and above is considered a signal that problems with excess fat in the waist area begin. The measurement of the waist itself must be measured directly in the area a couple of centimeters above the navel, and the circumference of the hips is measured directly at their widest part, which will make it possible to determine the optimal indicators. After that, the ratio of these two quantities is established, which should have a final value in the following form:
- If the specified ratio of values is 1.0 or more, then you need to take care of the state of your lifestyle, nutrition, so that you can seriously talk about the fact that you have to get rid of excess fat;
- When the value is 0.9, this indicates that the man is in optimal shape, has a fairly good potency and does not risk getting prostate cancer in the future, which many representatives of the strong half of humanity are exposed to.
Alternatively, you can try a few different methods of measuring the level of fat in the waist area. To do this, you need to try to squeeze a fold of fat with two fingers, measure its current state. For example, if the indicator is set at the level of two centimeters and above, it means that the body has certain kinds of problems that need to be eliminated before it turns to obesity with serious consequences. A size of less than two centimeters indicates the absence of the need to take certain measures, but to be content with the established way of life, to accept oneself as it is without any adjustments.
The shape of the abdomen - features and appearance
In men, the very shape of the abdomen is also different, which cannot be the same. For example, the belly can be loose and shapeless, this in itself makes it clear that under a thick layer of skin there are certain fatty deposits that will need to be removed in the future. A hard belly deserves special attention, which in itself resembles a ball, even an egg, it is also called "beer". In fact, all this directly indicates the presence of visceral obesity in the body, and this manifestation is the most dangerous for the human body.
It is noted that abdominal obesity manifests itself in a characteristic form directly in men, it is considered one of the most dangerous for the state of the whole organism. It is customary to understand it as the deposition of fat directly around the internal organs, it may indicate that there is a metabolic disorder. In the future, this causes the formation of a kind of tolerance towards glucose, the likelihood of diabetes mellitus increases several times and becomes a real problem for an unsuspecting person. Consequently, there is an increase in the total proportion of cholesterol, and it already leads directly to the development of numerous vascular diseases, atherosclerosis. This type of obesity becomes the most dangerous for men during the period of direct production of testosterone itself, which begins to occur after the turn of thirty years.
A few words about how to reduce your waist
It is worth noting a few simple methods, thanks to which it is possible to solve the issue of the presence of fatty deposits that are present on the waist of a man. Any diets in this case are contraindicated, at most, you can slightly reduce the amount of food intake and its calorie content. For example, a 300 calorie reduction would be optimal. It is actually necessary to eat quite often and little by little, but to reduce the total energy value of your own food. If this approach is carried out abruptly, there are many side effects that you should definitely take into account in order to avoid the problem. For example, if a sharp dump was made in the diet, we can say that the full and normal work of the cells will be disrupted, this forces them to make extra reserves for the most "unforeseen" case. As a result, it turns out that sharp jumps can help, rather, gain a couple of extra pounds, rather than talk about how to reduce your weight.
Nutrition should be reduced to the fact that the amount of proteins that a person simply needs for the full development of muscle mass, as well as vegetable fats, will gradually increase. Do not forget about complex carbohydrates, with their help the body begins to receive an additional supply of energy, and this allows us to talk about leading a full and measured lifestyle. In fact, such an approach will make it possible to talk about the subsequent decrease in the volume of fat cells, which will certainly become a key benefit of proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.
Separate nutrition will serve as a separate recommendation, which can help get rid of constipation, will be the first and very important step that has been taken towards bringing your waist back to normal, removing extra centimeters of fat from it. It is worth noting that a delay in defecation is accompanied by subsequent rotting of food in the body, rather dangerous intoxication and the formation of excess gases that harm a person. It is recommended to include in the diet a large amount of plant fiber, it is able to optimally have a stimulating effect on the work of the entire human body, as well as to remove the toxins formed inside, accumulated toxins and many other complications and contaminants that are in the human body.
It is recommended to do yoga, perform the Nauli exercise, which looks like wave-like movements of the abdominal muscles, capable of massaging it in the most correct way. Finally, it is also recommended to lead a full-fledged lifestyle, to be in motion, this will help save not only the waist, but also life.
The great Leonardo da Vinci was one of the first to study and define the ideal parameters of the human body. The anatomical proportions he presented are still taught in art schools around the world. From the theory of ideal proportions by Leonardo da Vinci, it follows that the volumes of the chest, waist and hips, taken separately, do not solve anything, it's all about their ratio.
In modern society, changes in the parameters of the human body (anthropometric data) are revised every 15 years, since during this period, as a result of the acceleration process, changes in sizes, proportions and shapes occur. figures person. Well-known to everyone 90 - 60 - 90, of course, are not the standard of ideal female proportions for everyone. Body proportions generally cannot be the same for all women, since there are different body types given to us genetically.
Basic body types
The main body types include asthenic (thin-boned), normosthenic (normostenic) and hypersthenic (broad-boned).
- In women with asthenic (thin-boned) body type, thin bone, long limbs, thin neck, muscles are relatively poorly developed. Representatives of this type are usually lightweight, energetic and mobile. Abundant nutrition for a long time does not lead to an increase in body weight, since they spend energy faster than they accumulate. If a woman of this type does not have a very thin waist and normal not narrow hips, everything seems petite because of the thin bone.
- The physique of women of normostenics (normostenic type) differs in proportion to the basic dimensions of the body, in the correct ratio. The most beautiful female figures are found with this type of physique.
- In representatives of a hypersthenic (broad-boned) physique, the transverse dimensions of the body predominate. Their bones are thick and heavy, their shoulders, ribcage and hips are broad, and their legs are sometimes somewhat short. Women of this type need to remember that they tend to be overweight.
You can determine the approximate body type by measuring the circumference of the wrist of the working hand. In normostenics, it is 16-18.5 cm, in asthenics - 16 cm, and in hypersthenics - 18.5 cm.
Quite often there are mixed types of physique with a predominance of the parameters of the above types.
Talking about gradations female height, then they are as follows: short height - 150 cm and below, below average height - 151-156 cm, average height - 157-167 cm, high - 168-175 cm, very tall - 176 cm and above.
True, in recent years, such a gradation needs to be changed, taking into account the acceleration of modern youth, therefore, normal growth can be considered for normosted and broad-boned from 166 to 170 cm, and for thin-boned from 168 to 172 cm.
Correct legs
There are certain proportions between the height and the length of the legs. Legs can be considered short if their length is less than half the height. Proportional can be considered figure when the length of the legs is more than half the height. Forlarge-boned, preferably 2-4 cm, for normal-boned 4-6 cm, for thin-boned 6-9 cm.For example, ifnormosseous body type with a height of 168 cm, the length of the legs is 90 cm, then this is ideal.
The length of the legs should be measured from the protrusion of the femur to the floor. In cases where the legs are somewhat shorter than the accepted norm, shoes with heels will help to change this ratio, since visually it eliminates the existing imbalance.
The diameter of the leg in the calf, depending on the physique, ranges from 36 to 40 centimeters, in the ankle from 16 to 20 cm. Experts even tried to draw up a table of the ideal shape of the legs, depending on the type of physique.
Here are the approximate parameters: with a height of 156 and a weight of 50 - 55 kg - the circumference of the leg at the thigh is from 48 to 54 cm, in the calf 31-32 cm, in the ankle 18-20 cm; with a height of 160 and a weight of 55–58 kg - the circumference of the leg at the thigh is from 50 to 56 cm, in the calf 32–35 cm, in the ankle 19–22 cm; with a height of 167 and a weight of 56-65 kg, the leg circumference at the thigh is from 52 to 58 cm, in the calf 33-36 cm, in the ankle 22-23 cm.
And above all, ideal legs should have three gaps between them. To do this, you need to stand in front of a large mirror and put your feet in a position - heels together, socks apart. You should see the first gap under the knees, the second at the ankles, and the third at the top near the thighs. In other places, the legs should converge.
Correct weight
Body weight depends on the type of physique, height and, which is very important, the age of the person. One of the options for calculating weight is the Quetelet index. According to this index, women with a thin-boned body type should have 325 g for each centimeter of height, for norm-boned ones - 350 and for large-boned ones - 375 g. Then the index is multiplied by height, and the weight corresponding to your parameters is obtained.
It should be emphasized that the ideal weight of women, especially those whose height is below 160 cm, should be less than normal by 10-15%. Stunted women, at least up to 20 years old, it is desirable to have a weight of 3-5 kg less than normal, i.e. calculated by the Quetelet index.
As mentioned above, body weight also depends on age. The table shows the ratio of weight to height (weight in g divided by height in cm) for women aged 15 to 40 years.
|
Age |
Body types |
||
|
Thin bone |
Normosteal |
Broad-boned |
|
|
15-18 |
315 |
325 |
355 |
To determine your normal weight, you need to multiply your height in cm by the weight-for-height factor corresponding to your age and body type.
Excess weight can be tracked by measuring the fat fold on the abdominal wall, above the navel, 3 cm from the midline. Its thickness should normally be from 1 to 2 cm.
Hips, waist and chest
Knowing the circumference of the body - chest, waist and hips - also helps to determine the correctness of the physique. Suchthe indicator is called "whites".
Normal indicators of whites for young women (18 - 28 years old) of a normosthenic body type can be considered if the chest circumference is equal to half the height plus 2-5 cm, for the bust - chest circumference plus 8-10 cm, for the waist - standing height, minus 100, hips should be
more than the waist circumference by about 25-30 cm. For thin-boned women, it can be considered normal if the circumference of their chest is within 84-86 cm, and their bust is plus 4-6 cm to the indicated figures.
Their waist is usually thin, and is in the range of 60-64 cm, and the hip circumference is approximately 25-30 cm larger. chest - another 8-10 cm. Waist circumference with a height of 166-168 cm is in the range of 70-76 cm, and the hip circumference is larger by the same 25-30 cm.
Devendra Singh, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas at the beginning of the nineties, came to approximately the same conclusion. Only he calculated the proportion between the hips and the waist as a percentage. According to his theory, proportions are considered ideal when the waist is 60 to 70% of the hips.
To do this, you need to divide the waist volume by the hip volume, the resulting coefficient should be from 0.6 to 0.7. By the way, the ideal beauties in this ratio are Venus de Milo - 70% and Nude Rubens, the same 70%. But among real women, the waist-hip ratio is ideal: Marilyn Monroe 0.61 (56 / 91.5), Brigitte Bardot 0.66 (58.5 / 89), Demi Moore 0.72 (66/91), Claudia Schiffer 0.67 (62/92), Cindy Crawford 0.69 (58/84), Gisele Bundchen 0.70 (61/86), Kylie Minogue 0.70 (63/89).
Doctors believe that the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference should not exceed the coefficient of endocrine equilibrium, which is 0.85. If your waist does not exceed 85% of your hips, then your figure in perfect order both from an aesthetic and a medical point of view.
Time moves forward, new criteria for evaluating the beauty of a woman's figure appear. The latest analysis of the results of an anthropometric examination of women, carried out in our country in the early 2000s, showed significant changes in body proportions. Young women have longer arms, legs, a higher level of the waistline, wider shoulders with the same size of the body, and improved posture. So we can conclude that the young and middle generations of women have become taller and slimmer than the previous generation. Well, if your parameters do not match the ideal, do not worry! Still, the most important thing in a woman is her individuality and, of course, a well-groomed look.
For many years, the inhabitants of the entire planet have been asking the question: "What are the ideal proportions of the female body?" It turns out that the 90-60-90s we are used to were not always a model of an ideal figure.
The proportions of the body should not be identical for all individuals of the fair sex, because there are different types of body constitution that Mother Nature has awarded us.
Studies have shown that there are three main types of female body:
- Asthenic, that is, thin bone.
All owners of such a body, as a rule, have elongated legs and arms, a thin neck, muscle mass is practically absent. Girls of this physique are not inclined to be overweight, energetic and very mobile. - Normosthenic - normostenic.
This type is considered to be as close to ideal as possible, because all parts of the body look proportional and harmonious. - Hypersthenic - broad-boned.
The girls of this constitution are characterized by increased transverse dimensions of the body: the shoulders, hip bone and chest have a slightly broad appearance. The skeletal system is thickened, and therefore heavy. It is very often said about such people that they have a "heavy hand", but this is actually the case. Usually people with this physique are endowed with slightly short legs. And they are prone to being overweight.
If you want to know which type you are, then quickly find a measuring tape and measure the circumference of your wrist. If your centimeter showed a figure less than 16 cm, then you belong to asthenics, an indicator in the range from 16 to 18.5 cm indicates a normo-bone type, but if you saw the number 18.5 cm on a measuring tape, then you became the owner of a hypersthenic about physique. Sometimes you can find mixed types of body constitution.
Ideal proportions: are there any?
The attractiveness of a female body is a very difficult question, therefore it is impossible to unanimously assert that the proportions of the body should be the same. Because one man likes a woman with a magnificent bust, while another will be absolutely indifferent to her.
But, despite this, there are still some ideal proportions that are considered the most attractive for the stronger sex. These indicators have been collected over the years, through lengthy research and numerous social surveys, in which only men took part. 
Slim waist that attracts men
As you know, many men love slender girls who boast a slender waist.
The table below will help you find out if you are the lucky owner of a wasp waist.
| Height (cm) | Waist circumference (cm) |
| 148-150 | 55 |
| 151-152 | 56 |
| 153-154 | 57 |
| 155-156 | 58 |
| 157-158 | 59 |
| 159-160 | 60 |
| 161-162 | 61 |
| 163-164 | 62 |
| 165-166 | 63 |
| 167-168 | 64 |
| 169-170 | 65 |
| 171-172 | 66 |
| 173-174 | 67 |
| 175-176 | 68 |
| 177-178 | 69 |
| 179-180 | 70 |
| 181-182 | 71 |
| 183-184 | 72 |
| 185-186 | 73 |
| 187-188 | 74 |
| 189-190 | 75 |
Again, we are talking about averages based on social surveys. There are men who are not delighted with sophisticated forms, but, on the contrary, love ladies with curvaceous forms.
What should be the hips and chest in order for the figure to be perfect?
If you know the circumference of your chest and hips, it will also help you determine the "correctness" of your body. This indicator is also called "wiles".
If you have a normal-bone physique, then indicators that can be calculated as follows: we take the circumference of the chest and add 80-100 mm, while the “ideal” hips should be 250-300 mm larger than the waist circumference. 
If you have a thin-boned body constitution, then with a chest circumference of 840-860 mm, the bust norm will be 40-60 mm more than these values.
Psychology professor Devendra Singh achieved the same success in research in the early 90s. But only its proportionality between the hips and the waist was calculated as a percentage. If you rely on his theory, then the ideal waist is considered to be one that is 60-70% less than the volume of the hips.
If you want to independently calculate your proportions, then you need to divide the waist by the hips, and if the resulting coefficient falls within the range from 0.6 to 0.7 - rejoice, you have perfect shapes. And by the way, Venus de Milo and Nude Rubens had ideal proportions of the female body - they had 70% each. But among the people we know, such proportions were awarded to Claudia Schiefer - 68%, Cindy Crawford - 68%, Kylie Minogue - 69%.
From a medical point of view, the proportion of the waist circumference to the hip circumference should not exceed the endocrine balance coefficient, which, in turn, equates to 0.85. Therefore, if your waist is not more than 85% of the hips, then the indicators of your figure are in perfect order both from an aesthetic and medical point of view.
Graceful growth
If we talk about this component, or rather about ideal growth, then it is divided into five groups: low growth - 1.5 m and below, below average height - 1.51-1.56 m, average height - 1.57-1 , 67 m, high growth - 1.68-1.75 m, very tall - from 1.76 m and above.
However, these indicators are a little outdated today, as there has been an acceleration of modern youth. As a result, the following figures can be noted: for normosthenic and hypersthenic physique it is 1.66-1.7 m, and for asthenic it is 1.68-1.72 m. 
What should be the legs perfectly?
Now let's talk about "flawless" legs. It turns out that there is a certain pattern between human height and the length of his lower limbs. Short legs are those that are less than half of the entire body in length. Legs that are slightly larger than half of the body are generally considered to be close to the ideal.
For girls who belong to the hypersthenic type, ideal legs are half the body plus 20-40 mm, for the normosthenic constitution - half the height plus 40-60 mm, and for those who have an asthenic physique - half the length of the whole body plus 60 -90 mm. For example, you have a normo-bone constitution and a height of 170 cm, now we consider: 170: 2 = 85, 85 + 6 = 91, it is these legs that are considered ideal.
It is necessary to measure the length of the legs from the floor to the protrusion of the hip bone. If you are endowed with legs that are slightly shorter than the above norm, then this can be corrected by using shoes with heels or a platform. And by the way, adjust the heel height based on the ideal size, this will help you attract the attention of the opposite sex.
As for the circumference of the gastrocnemius muscle, thigh and ankle, these indicators also depend on the build of the body.
The table in which we present these proportions is shown below.
In addition, if the legs are "reference", then three gaps should be visible between them. To test this, stand in front of a long mirror so that you can be seen full-length, and close your legs, pressing your heels together, and put your socks apart. If you are the owner of perfect legs, then you should see one gap between the knee joints and calves, another between the knees and thighs, and the third between the calves and ankle. And in other places, the legs should be tightly pressed against one another.
So we figured out a question so important for us women. As you can see, ideal proportions are far from a reference standard that everyone should be equal to. Each girl has her own ideal legs, chest, waist and hips, you just need to determine what type of physique you are.
Therefore, girls, don't be equal to prototypes. We sincerely wish you to have perfect proportions!
Central(also called abdominal, visceral or top)obesity(eng. central obesity, abdominal obesity) - a type of obesity in which the main fat deposits are located on the patient's abdomen.
Central obesity rates
Indicators of the presence of central (abdominal) obesity are the waist circumference (OT) and the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference (OB). Measurement of the waist circumference is widely used as an indicator to assess the dynamics of body fat. The indicator of the ratio of waist to hip circumference (W / H) is a reliable marker of the risk of death, regardless of body mass index. The highest mortality, especially from coronary diseases, was noted in the group of people with the highest value of the OT / O ratio (Konev Yu.V. et al.).Various sources name slightly different cutoff values for OT and OT / OT, at which the presence of central obesity is determined:
A. The following criteria for the presence of central obesity are widespread (these criteria are adhered to, for example, by the US National Cholesterol Education Program, eng. National Cholesterol Education Program):
- waist circumference more than:
- 102 cm for men
- 88 cm for women
- or the ratio of waist circumference to thigh circumference FROM / ABOUT, more:
- 0.9 in men
- 0.85 in women
WITH. According to the Obesity Guidelines of the World Gastroenterology Organization:
- the presence of central (abdominal) obesity is established when the waist circumference is more than:
- 94 cm for men
- 80 cm for women
- there is an increased risk of cardiovascular and other diseases with a waist circumference of more than:
- 100 cm for men
- 87.5 cm for women
- measuring the waist is not meaningful for patients with a body mass index over 40
Gender differences
Excessive accumulation of fat in the abdominal region with its predominant deposition in the abdominal cavity is more typical for men, as a result of which central obesity is sometimes called "android". With the same body mass index, central obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing comorbidities than peripheral obesity. That is why complications of obesity are more common in men than in women.Professional medical publications dealing with central (abdominal) obesity
- Zvenigorodskaya L.A., Bondarenko E.Yu., Churikova A.A. Features of therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with abdominal obesity // Appendix Consilium Medicum. Gastroenterology. 2012. No. 1. S. 11-14.