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What to do if bleeding during pregnancy. Bleeding during pregnancy - what to do. Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

Sooner or later, a long-awaited and responsible time for waiting for a baby comes in a woman's life. This period requires special care and attention to your body. Any changes may indicate an unfavorable course of pregnancy, and some of them can threaten the new life that has arisen in you. What is the evidence of early bleeding?

Causes and treatment of uterine bleeding in the early stages

A very dangerous symptom that can lead to an abortion is bleeding. Unfortunately, about 15–20% of women face this in the early stages.

The causes of bleeding in the early stages can be:

  • ectopic pregnancy;
  • frozen pregnancy;
  • miscarriage;
  • chromosomal abnormalities;
  • cystic drift;
  • hormonal bleeding.

Ectopic pregnancy

Sometimes it happens that a fertilized egg cannot reach the uterine cavity, as a result of which it develops outside of it (in the fallopian tube, cervix, abdominal cavity).

According to statistics, tubal pregnancy most often takes place.

At first, an ectopic pregnancy does not differ from normal symptoms in terms of symptoms. Observed:

  • delay of menstruation;
  • swelling of the breast;
  • toxicosis;
  • weakness.

The embryo develops, there is less and less space for growth. Starting from 6-8 weeks, symptoms appear that should greatly alert a woman:

  • pain in the lower abdomen on the left or right, where the attachment occurred;
  • pain in the middle part of the lower abdomen (with cervical pregnancy);
  • increased pain when turning, bending;
  • bloody discharge from the genital tract (with a cervical pregnancy, abundant discharge);
  • low hCG level (pale second line on the test).

HCG or blood test for pregnancy, when and how to donate:

A very dangerous condition is rupture of the fallopian tube, followed by bleeding into the abdominal cavity. This is accompanied by sharp pain, a drop in blood pressure, pallor, severe dizziness and even loss of consciousness.

In this case, it is necessary to consult a specialist as soon as possible for diagnostics and treatment.

Possible causes of an ectopic pregnancy:

  • adhesion process in pipes;
  • infectious diseases;
  • abortion;
  • abnormalities in the development of the fallopian tubes;
  • the presence of an intrauterine device;
  • age over 35;
  • inflammatory diseases;
  • low sperm motility;
  • in vitro fertilization.

Diagnostics:

  • examination by a gynecologist on a chair;
  • clinical blood test;
  • hormonal screening;
  • HCG - analysis;
  • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
  • puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina;
  • laparoscopy.

In the early stages of pregnancy, the treatment of ectopic pregnancy is carried out by the method of laparoscopic surgery to remove the ovum from the place where it was attached, while preserving and restoring the functioning of the reproductive organs.

In cervical pregnancy, the bleeding is first stopped by surgical methods, and then the ovum is removed bloodlessly. If it is impossible to preserve the organ and the inefficiency of the measures taken, the cervix and the body of the uterus are removed while preserving the appendages.

Bleeding after curettage and the rehabilitation period:

Complications and consequences of an ectopic pregnancy:

  • relapse;
  • adhesions in the small pelvis;
  • infections;
  • intestinal obstruction;
  • infertility;
  • rupture of the fallopian tube and bleeding into the abdominal cavity;
  • death.

Frozen pregnancy

A frozen pregnancy is understood as stopping the growth and development of the fetus. This happens for up to 13 weeks.

Basically, fetal freezing occurs at 7-9 weeks.

It is still not fully understood why the fetus stops in its development. But some provoking factors have been investigated that contribute to this:

  • infectious processes;
  • gene mutations;
  • in vitro fertilization;
  • hormonal imbalance;
  • bad habits;
  • stress, fatigue, heavy physical exertion;

Only a doctor will be able to diagnose a frozen pregnancy, but there are symptoms that should be alerted to:

  • the disappearance of toxicosis;
  • cessation of breast swelling and disappearance of pain in it;
  • hCG analysis does not increase over time, but, on the contrary, may decrease;
  • the appearance of pain in the lower abdomen.

Bleeding may indicate a spontaneous miscarriage that has begun. So the body gets rid of the frozen fetus. You should immediately call an ambulance for hospitalization.

Diagnostics includes:

  • examination on a gynecological chair;
  • blood test for hCG in dynamics;
  • ultrasound (no fetal heartbeat).

Basically, a frozen pregnancy ends with curettage of the uterine cavity. In the early stages, the vacuum aspiration method is used. After all the interventions, the woman is prescribed a course of antibacterial, hormonal and vitamin therapy.

Many women, unfortunately, neglect drug therapy after curettage, as a result of which inflammatory processes in the uterine cavity begin to progress, intrauterine adhesions are formed, which further lead to infertility.

Miscarriage

Miscarriage refers to the spontaneous termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks.

In the early stages, an incomplete miscarriage mainly occurs when the embryo leaves, and the amniotic membranes remain inseparable from the uterine cavity.

Causes of miscarriage:

  • developmental defects;
  • gene mutations;
  • hormonal imbalance;
  • stress;
  • taking medications;
  • bad habits;
  • genital tract infections;
  • inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system;
  • tumor formations;
  • pathology of the kidneys, heart and blood vessels;
  • increased tone of the uterus;
  • rough sex and orgasm after it.

The most common cause of miscarriage is fetal malformations that are incompatible with life, and attempts to preserve the pregnancy are pointless and ineffective.

Miscarriage symptoms:

  • nausea and diarrhea;
  • lower abdominal pain;
  • back pain;
  • dizziness;
  • drop in blood pressure;
  • small smearing red and brown discharge with mucus from the vagina for two days (at the beginning of a miscarriage);
  • bleeding (blood with clots, increased bleeding with movement).

If such symptoms appear, it is necessary to urgently consult a specialist, and if blood flow increases, immediately call an ambulance.

Diagnostics is carried out by examining a pregnant woman. The doctor evaluates the tone of the uterus, the nature and intensity of the discharge.

On ultrasound examination, with the threat of miscarriage, single areas of the uterine tone are well expressed. And when the process has already begun, an increased contraction of all uterine walls is visualized and detachment of the ovum is observed.

The methods of therapy with the threat of termination of pregnancy and with the onset of miscarriage differ.

  1. The threat is treated with medication (in the absence of a result, it is possible to suture the cervix or to impose a special ring on it, which is designed to prevent miscarriage). Most often they are prescribed:
    • hormonal agents containing progesterone;
    • antispasmodics that reduce uterine tone;
    • vitamin preparations, in particular folic acid;
    • if necessary, sedatives to reduce anxiety.
  2. If it was not possible to avoid a miscarriage, the following options are possible:
    • lack of treatment, since the body itself gets rid of the fetus and membranes;
    • taking medications that will help remove the remaining parts of the fetus and membranes;
    • scraping of the uterine cavity.

Complications and consequences:

  • great blood loss;
  • repeated miscarriage;
  • inflammatory diseases;
  • adhesions;
  • infertility.

Chromosomal abnormalities

The exact reasons for the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities are still unknown, but some of the provoking factors are:

  • bad habits (smoking, alcohol and drug use);
  • the effect of radiation;
  • exposure to toxic substances;
  • taking medications.

As a rule, a fetus with severe defects does not stay in the mother's body, and everything ends with a spontaneous miscarriage, which was described above.

Bubble drift

Bubble drift is nothing more than an overgrowth of the trophoblast (the outer layer of cells of a fertilized egg, from which the placenta should form in the future). This disease belongs to tumor. If the overgrown tissues do not extend beyond the uterus, then they are benign and respond well to treatment. If they begin to grow into the inner layers of the uterine wall, then the tumor is already becoming malignant. The exact reasons have not yet been established. Duplication of paternal chromosomes and loss of maternal chromosomes occurs.

A woman should be alerted:

  • severe toxicosis;
  • weakness;
  • dizziness, headaches;
  • increased blood pressure;
  • the appearance of bloody discharge;
  • protein in the urine.

Bubble drift is easily diagnosed. On examination, the gynecologist will determine the discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the gestational age (it is tightly elastic to the touch). On ultrasound, a characteristic picture for the disease will be observed. Conduct a study of hCG in dynamics.

Treatment is carried out under the supervision of an oncologist.

  1. With a benign course, removal is carried out by vacuum aspiration.
  2. With a malignant woman, she undergoes a course of treatment with chemotherapy drugs.

The methods of modern diagnostics and treatment preserve the functioning of the female reproductive system as much as possible. But if you do not contact specialists in a timely manner, the following consequences are possible:

  • amenorrhea;
  • sepsis;
  • thrombosis;
  • infertility;
  • metastasis;
  • death.

Implant bleeding

Implantation bleeding occurs as a result of damage to the intramural vessels of the uterus, when a fertilized egg is introduced into the cell epithelium of its wall. In this case, minor pulling pains in the lower abdomen may occur, but, as a rule, this does not bother a woman. Fears are caused by discharge, which is sometimes confused with the onset of menstruation, but only they are rather meager and last a maximum of 2-3 days, and sometimes go unnoticed at all, since they have a barely noticeable pink color. They do not pose any threat, therefore, no treatment is required.

Implantation bleeding occurs in about 30% of pregnant women.

Hormonal bleeding

As a rule, such bleeding also poses no danger. They arise as a result of hormonal changes in the body. The first 2-3 months are considered the norm. They are quite scanty, smearing, red-brown in color. No treatment is required.

Hormonal bleeding in the beginning is often combined with implantation.

Another type of hormonal bleeding occurs due to a lack of progesterone in the body of the expectant mother. There may be a threat of termination of pregnancy. Discharge scanty, smearing with streaks of blood. In this case, the gynecologist should prescribe a progesterone-containing drug to normalize the hormone levels.

To prevent bleeding during pregnancy, you must strictly follow all the recommendations of your obstetrician-gynecologist. But if it was not possible to avoid this, you need to contact a specialist for advice. When full bleeding has opened, you should put a cold on the lower abdomen and immediately call an ambulance for hospitalization. Under no circumstances should you take hemostatic medications on your own.

There are a huge number of factors that can cause discomfort in a mother-to-be. Early pregnancy bleeding raises the most questions and concerns. Why it happens, how to act in such situations and whether it is possible to warn yourself against this, every woman needs to know.

As soon as a fetus begins to develop in a woman's womb, her body undergoes tremendous changes and any unusual sensations make you very nervous, which will negatively affect the course of pregnancy. Blood during early pregnancy always makes the expectant mother nervous. Sometimes this phenomenon can be observed on those days when menstruation should begin, but due to the onset of pregnancy, it should no longer be.

In the event that bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy is not accompanied by painful sensations, then there is no reason for concern. In addition, small bleeding associated with the fact that the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus does not pose a danger to the fetus and mother. Simply put, do not worry if about 7-9 days have passed since fertilization, the discharge itself is not abundant and is of a short-term nature.

In medicine, this phenomenon is called "implantation of the ovum." A similar process is accompanied by "loosening" of the uterine mucosa and the development of new vessels.

Of course, a woman should inform her doctor about the presence of any changes in the body, who, in turn, can establish the true cause of bleeding in the early stages of pregnancy and exclude unnecessary anxiety on the part of the expectant mother.

Advice! If for any reason it is not possible to contact a health worker personally, then inform him about your condition, at least by phone. And it will be easier for you after talking with your doctor and, if necessary, you will be able to solve the problem as soon as possible.

It should be understood that during the period of fetal development, the woman's body becomes especially sensitive to various kinds of external stimuli. For example, the usual "daily", the usual intimate remedy can already cause discomfort, itching and even bloody "daub".

Causes of the appearance of spotting during early pregnancy

Blood during early pregnancy can be triggered by a number of reasons. I would like to remind you once again: if you have a brown "daub", accompanied by painful cramps in the abdomen, do not hesitate to visit a gynecologist.

Ectopic pregnancy

The occurrence of bleeding in early pregnancy may be associated with an ectopic pregnancy. It occurs when a fertilized egg is attached outside the uterine cavity, and in its tube, which can further cause it to rupture, which is a threat to the woman. In this case, the woman experiences severe pain on one side of the abdomen or general painful sensations, accompanied by a feeling of weakness and nausea.

If timely assistance is not provided, the tube, due to the growth of the egg, breaks, the pain intensifies, and after a while the woman's health situation worsens.

In the presence of an ectopic pregnancy, the fallopian tube, in the overwhelming majority of cases, is removed along with the fertilized egg. At the same time, the probability of natural fertilization is halved.

Miscarriage

According to statistics, every third woman expecting the birth of her child loses it due to a spontaneous abortion. As a rule, this phenomenon occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy.

The main cause of miscarriage is fetal malformation. As soon as the gestation period is more than 16 weeks, the threat of miscarriage disappears. Further, problems with bearing a baby may be associated with other reasons.

The signs of a miscarriage are:

  • bleeding;
  • increased uterine tone;
  • cramping;
  • back and abdominal pain.

As for the causes of spontaneous miscarriage, it can be anything, from poor attachment of the ovum and the individual characteristics of a woman's body to enduring severe stress.

With the onset of a spontaneous abortion in the early stages of pregnancy, all the symptoms of this process disappear - there is no nausea, bloating, and the chest stops filling. Often, a miscarriage is not accompanied by abdominal pain and bleeding, but the hCG level stops rising. In this case, it is possible to establish the fact of spontaneous abortion only during the ultrasound examination.

Sometimes the ovum does not leave the woman's uterus, so it becomes necessary to carry out the so-called "cleaning", because if you do not remove the already developing fetus from the uterus, it will start to rot, causing infectious processes in the woman's body that threaten her health and even life.

Frozen pregnancy

In the case of a frozen pregnancy, there are bloody discharge from the uterus, painful sensations in the abdomen, and a sharp weight loss. In this case, the growth of hCG stops, and the chest stops filling. Of course, the only way out of this situation will be "cleaning" or medical abortion.

Now you know why genitals can bleed during pregnancy. Read on to find out what else could be the causes of bleeding in early pregnancy.

Other causes of early bleeding

Brown discharge in early pregnancy can occur for a number of other reasons. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Reason # 1 - infections, polyps

Polyps can develop against the background of changes in hormonal levels and can also produce bloody smears. And if polyps do not interfere with the development of pregnancy, then an infectious disease needs immediate therapy in order to protect the unborn child from possible infection. Moreover, sometimes failure to provide timely treatment threatens spontaneous abortion.


Reason # 2 - breakthrough bleeding

Breakthrough - bleeding that occurs as a result of the onset of hormonal changes and coincides with the onset of the menstrual cycle. Due to hormonal surges, a pregnant woman may start having periods, but their intensity will be much less and not long. This phenomenon can be repeated both in the first month of pregnancy and in several subsequent months.

Reason number 3 - problems with the placenta

Bleeding that is not accompanied by painful sensations can be caused by improper attachment of the ovum or placenta. It happens that the latter is fixed very low on the wall of the uterus. This phenomenon is often called placenta previa, according to statistics, such a fate can be expected by 2% of expectant mothers. Immediately we can say that it can bleed due to placental abruption.

And this is exactly the case when presentation causes bleeding and can provoke premature labor after 20 weeks.

What measures to take?

As is clear from the above, not in all cases bleeding implies a threat to the unborn baby and his mother. However, this does not mean that when a bloody spot that is not accompanied by pain appears, you can let everything go by chance and not inform your gynecologist about what happened.

The visit to the doctor cannot be postponed. Not a single woman can diagnose herself, even if she is a doctor herself. And this is very dangerous in this situation, because we are talking not only about her life, but also the life of her unborn child.

If during the examination it turns out that bleeding can provoke a miscarriage, then it depends on the promptness of taking measures whether it will be possible to maintain the pregnancy or not.

So, in case of profuse bleeding, you need to call an ambulance and take a horizontal position, placing a small pillow under your knees or heels. In this case, rest is the most important recommendation, non-observance of which can cause enormous harm.

When the pregnant woman is taken to the gynecology department, first of all, the forces of doctors will be directed to stop the loss of blood. And only after that, the patient is examined, which means taking tests and conducting an ultrasound scan. Based on the results obtained, in fact, treatment is prescribed.

Depending on the severity of the condition of the pregnant woman, she may be allowed to stay at home and receive treatment at home. In the case when doctors insist on undergoing treatment within the walls of the hospital, it is better to listen to their opinions and not risk the health of yours and your baby.

The most important thing in situations like this is not to get nervous. Excessive nervousness contributes to the aggravation of the situation. In the overwhelming majority of cases, with a timely visit to the doctor, it is possible to maintain the pregnancy.

Outcome

Summarizing all of the above, let's summarize. Bleeding during early pregnancy can be attributed to a number of reasons. In some cases, they are insignificant and do not pose a threat to the health of the unborn baby and mother. But there are also situations when the lack of timely medical care threatens to disrupt pregnancy and can harm the health and life of a pregnant woman.

To reduce the risk of bleeding and minimize the likelihood of developing any pathologies, doctors recommend:

  • planning a pregnancy - leading a healthy lifestyle in advance, excluding the presence of infections in the body, etc.;
  • walk more often in the fresh air;
  • get as much positive emotions as possible;
  • to refuse from bad habits.

Have you or someone you know faced similar problems? What measures were taken in this case? Share useful information with us and our readers.

For 9 months, a woman can constantly face all sorts of difficulties and pathologies. Some people manage to bear the baby without any problems, while others have a constant risk of losing the baby. One of the main causes is vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. In this article we will figure out why blood can flow during pregnancy at different periods. In addition, we will tell you what you can do in such cases to preserve the pregnancy.

In the first weeks of pregnancy, there is a high probability of bleeding, and it is especially dangerous at this time, because the risk of losing a baby is 20%. Allocations can be of a different nature:

  • they can be smearing;
  • abundant;
  • take the form of clots.

The causes of blood in early pregnancy include the following pathologies:

  1. Implantation bleeding - in fact, this is not a pathology, it is a common phenomenon, which is manifested by the appearance of several drops of blood on the underwear due to the fact that the fertilized egg has successfully attached to the wall of the uterus. Some girls confuse this type of bleeding with the onset of menstruation, although no pain, which usually occurs in the lower abdomen, does not arise.
  2. The most common cause of bleeding in the first weeks of pregnancy is the threat of miscarriage. At the same time, blood is released abundantly, and this whole process is accompanied by cramping pains in the lower abdomen. This can be due to an infection that enters the uterus through the external genitals or after intercourse. At the same time, the embryo remains in the walls of the uterus, but whether the pregnancy can continue to develop or not, only a qualified doctor can determine.
  3. Miscarriage is the most common cause of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. If a miscarriage did happen, then the bleeding gradually ends, the pain subsides. Only a doctor can determine a miscarriage using an ultrasound scan.
  4. Incomplete miscarriage is a condition when there is no longer any chance of saving the pregnancy. Tissues and blood clots come out of the uterus, while the cervix is ​​open. So that the woman's life in this case is not in danger, the gynecologist performs curettage of the uterine cavity.
  5. Frozen pregnancy - while there may not be blood at an early stage of pregnancy, a woman simply stops hurting her breasts, and toxicosis passes. Bleeding occurs when the uterus rejects the fetus because it is not developing. In this case, as a rule, doctors still perform curettage.
  6. An ectopic pregnancy is another reason why blood begins to flow from a woman's genitals during pregnancy. As a rule, with this pathology, the discharge is insignificant, because bleeding occurs mainly in the abdominal cavity. The woman feels cutting pains in the ovarian area. They are so strong that the pregnant woman is in shock. In this case, it is impossible to do without surgical intervention.
  7. Bubble drift is the cause of bleeding, which occurs if the pregnancy does not develop correctly - the embryo does not develop, tissue grows instead. Why this happens, doctors cannot explain. He does not pose any danger to the life of a woman.

Why does it bleed during late pregnancy?

If blood comes out of the vagina during pregnancy starting from the 13th week, this only indicates the presence of some serious problem that urgently needs to be treated urgently. Most often we are talking about an emergency situation, when medical assistance cannot be dispensed with. We propose to understand in more detail why blood can flow during pregnancy in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters:

  1. Abnormal placenta previa in the uterus - when the placenta is located very close to the uterine pharynx, due to which the muscle layer cannot hold the placenta. As a consequence, small detachments of the placenta begin to occur. The woman notices that she is bleeding during pregnancy, but at the same time she does not feel pain. It happens that there is no bleeding at all (during pregnancy, it can only smear with blood during placental abruption), because blood accumulates between the placenta itself and the uterine wall.
  2. If the placenta is completely exfoliated long before delivery, although most often it partially exfoliates, it is no less dangerous for the life of the child and the mother. This is a very dangerous and rare occurrence that can occur in 1 in 200 women who are pregnant. In this case, dark blood clots come out of the vagina during pregnancy, and this whole unpleasant process is accompanied by cramping pains in the lower abdomen.
  3. If the umbilical cord or the vessels of the membranes of the fetus have torn, then the woman has streaks of blood in the vaginal discharge during pregnancy. In this case, the baby may die, and doctors most often resort to emergency delivery in order to save the baby's life.

How to stop bleeding during pregnancy?

  1. Before a pregnant woman excretes scarlet blood from the vagina, she usually feels a sharp pain in the lower abdomen. At this moment, you need to be near the bed or any other piece of furniture in order to lie down.
  2. Then you should definitely call an ambulance. Ask the one who is nearby to put a roller under your feet and give 2 tablets of drotaverine and valerian to drink.
  3. In addition, before the arrival of an ambulance, you should put a heating pad with ice wrapped in a cloth on your stomach.
  4. In no case do not try to douche or wash. It is important for the doctor to see what kind of discharge you have in order to determine why the bleeding began.
  5. Place a pad on the laundry, but do not use a tampon.
  6. Do not try to stop the bleeding yourself with hormonal drugs.
  7. When the doctor arrives, he, most likely, will offer you hospitalization, which is best not to refuse. You definitely need to go to the hospital to be under the supervision of doctors for some time.

Prevention of bleeding during pregnancy

To avoid bleeding during pregnancy, a woman should take care of her health long before her onset. Of course, no one will give you a 100% guarantee that you will be able to prevent the negative impact of external factors on the development of the embryo, especially since most often problems arise against the background of genetic abnormalities of the fetus, from which no one is immune.

However, all the same, precautions must be observed. These include:

  1. Pregnancy planning. You must treat any infectious diseases you have before you decide to get pregnant. Because of them, miscarriages often occur and various defects develop in the child.
  2. You must live in a calm psychological environment. Eliminate any stress, depression, because all this has an extremely negative effect on the hormonal background of a woman, on which the favorable course of pregnancy and the health of the child depend.
  3. Be in the fresh air as often as possible, take a walk, rejoice, because this is very important for the emotional component of your health and the normal development of the child, if the pregnancy has already begun.
  4. Don't drink unfiltered water. If heavy metals or radionuclides get into your body during pregnancy, then all this can have a very negative effect on the health of the child.
  5. Do wellness exercises so that you do not have gestosis during pregnancy and other problems.
  6. Give up any bad habits. Because of them, not only bleeding may open, but the embryo will not develop correctly.
  7. Do not take medicines that your doctor does not prescribe for you. Taking any medications should be agreed with the gynecologist.

Let your pregnancy not be burdened with complications! We wish you an easy delivery and a happy meeting with your long-awaited baby!

Video: "Blood during pregnancy"

Waiting for a baby without complications is a cherished desire of any woman. During this period, the expectant mother should most of all take care of her health, because now she is responsible for two lives. Unfortunately, bloody discharge during pregnancy can cloud the happy 9 months, making a woman worry about the preservation of the fetus.

The causes of spotting can be both physiological and pathological.

Mechanical damage

Bloody discharge after sex does not occur so often and is not a particular danger. At the onset of pregnancy, the cervix becomes looser, edematous, it is most susceptible to any pressure and careless actions. Therefore, blood after intercourse appears precisely because of the microscopic damage that it receives during intimacy.

Similar damage to the cervix can be obtained upon examination by a doctor. Bloody discharge at 4 weeks of gestation may be due to injury from a mirror, because it is at this time that most women turn to a gynecologist with suspicion of pregnancy due to the absence of menstruation. Such injuries do not pose a threat - already at the initial stage, the doctor sees a closed cervix, and will not carry out further manipulations in the vagina.

Pathology of the uterus

Another common cause of pregnancy discharge. For example, women often have myomatous or fibromatous nodes, and if the embryo is attached close to such a node, bleeding is possible.

As a rule, bright spots of blood are not observed on underwear, but smearing secretions can last several hours.

After IVF

Discharge during pregnancy, similar to menstruation, appears after the procedure. They are called the "vanishing twin" - when fertilized eggs are transplanted, not all take root, so the rest are rejected naturally. Women undergoing IVF are warned in advance about such bleeding, so they just need to consult a doctor.

And in some cases, if the second child stopped developing at the seventh or eighth week, then he completely dissolves in the amniotic fluid, and discharge at 8 weeks of gestation does not occur.

After IVF, there are frequent cases when twins or triplets are born, and only the third or fourth "extra" egg comes out.

Frozen pregnancy

It can occur at any time, often the discharge begins already at the 6th week of pregnancy. Their causes lie in the body's recognition as a threat to a woman's health. If the embryo stops developing, toxins begin to be produced that trigger the mechanism of miscarriage.

The appearance of bloody discharge during pregnancy should be an immediate signal for going to the clinic, because in 80% of cases, the fetus can be saved by timely removing the threat to its development.

The second trimester of pregnancy: secrets and threats

Most often, bleeding appears in the early stages of pregnancy, in the first trimester, but this does not mean at all that at 12 weeks a carefree time comes for the mother and you can not worry about the baby. If there are pathologies, then discharge occurs in the second trimester.

Most often, bleeding occurs for two reasons: due to improper formation or premature.

If bleeding occurs in this period, hospitalization is necessary, after which the doctor decides on further actions: monitoring the patient, abortion for medical reasons, emergency delivery.

Pathology of the third trimester

Pathologies in the third trimester are not as terrible as spotting at the 7th week of pregnancy, because even with an emergency delivery, the child can be saved by connecting it to the devices to support the basic vital functions. And sometimes women with severe pregnancies already at 10 weeks know that they cannot bear a baby for the entire period, and they need to prepare for an early birth, for example, at 35 weeks.

In the third trimester, the following are the current causes of bleeding:

  • lack of progesterone;
  • incorrect position of the placenta;
  • early placental abruption.

However, the third trimester has its own characteristics, namely. The causes of late toxicosis are different, but the manifestations of this condition make doctors worry about the condition of a pregnant woman, therefore, if pain in the lower abdomen occurs, an urgent need to consult a doctor. If these symptoms are ignored, a borderline state can occur not only for the mother, but also for the fetus. Bleeding in this case will be evidence of fetal rejection, and you may not have time to save the child.

The birth of a baby

The birth of a child is invariably associated with the appearance of bleeding. The expectant mother should not worry about this, because in fact, the birth of a baby is not much like scenes from TV shows, where blood sprinkles almost like a fountain. In fact, only about one glass of blood is lost during normal labor.

Already at 38 weeks in a woman, which indicates the imminent birth of a baby. Turning its head down, the baby creates pressure, and the abdominal muscles are no longer able to maintain their rounded shape. For such, doctors warn a woman about the upcoming delivery in the coming weeks.

Usually, the imminent birth of a child is indicated, in which there may be small bloody streaks - in this case, a woman needs to collect things and go to the hospital. You should not be afraid of bloody discharge at 40 weeks of pregnancy - this is a normal process. By this time, the baby has passed all the periods of its development, is sufficiently protected to stay in a new environment, and there is no need to worry about his life.

Severe bleeding: first aid and danger to the fetus

Heavy bleeding during pregnancy occurs at any time. It would seem that the ovum attached and began to develop, but here, for example, at 9 weeks, bleeding began. What to do?

When significant volumes of blood appear, the following measures should be taken:

  • call an ambulance;
  • to provide peace;
  • go to bed, raise your legs;
  • with severe pain, take;
  • apply cold to the lower abdomen;
  • do not use tampons, do not use the bathroom.

After delivery to the hospital, the doctor will determine the cause of the complication and prescribe treatment.

As for the danger to the fetus, in most cases, with timely hospitalization, doctors manage to maintain the pregnancy. Now in their arsenal there are a number of hormonal drugs that can replace the deficiency of the main female hormones - thanks to this, doctors successfully bring even complex pregnancies to a natural end. If there is a real threat of miscarriage, the woman is hospitalized and treated.

If the threat to the fetus is so great that decisive measures have to be taken, doctors always try to save the child, but still the final choice is made in favor of the life and health of the mother.

Discharge with blood during pregnancy is not always a cause for panic. If you find red spots on your underwear, do not worry - if you follow all the doctor's instructions, you can endure and give birth to a healthy baby without complications. The main condition is to consult a doctor as soon as possible if you detect bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy.

Useful video on spotting as a sign of a threatened pregnancy

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Bleeding during pregnancy belongs to the group of obstetric bleeding, that is, those that occur during gestation and childbirth, as well as after childbirth. They are considered a serious complication, as they are often the cause of maternal death.

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Bleeding during pregnancy: features

Blood discharge in a given period of a woman's life is characterized by certain criteria:

  • sudden onset of bleeding;
  • massive blood loss;
  • first of all, the fetus suffers (therefore, emergency delivery is often practiced);
  • except in some cases, blood loss is accompanied by severe pain;
  • bleeding during pregnancy forms a rapid depletion of the defenses and compensatory reactions of the woman's body;
  • a sharp decrease in the BCC (circulating blood volume) with disturbances in the work of the heart;
  • the risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation (disseminated intravascular coagulation) increases significantly.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy in the first and second trimesters

There are a lot of factors that can provoke the development of bleeding during this period of pregnancy. The reason directly depends on in which trimester it happened.

Bleeding in early pregnancy occurs due to the following reasons:

  • spontaneous miscarriage;
  • cystic drift;
  • implantation bleeding;
  • frozen pregnancy;
  • gynecological diseases.

Medical tactics, algorithm and treatment regimen depend on the cause that triggered the bleeding before the 20th week of pregnancy.

Symptoms and treatment of bleeding during an ectopic pregnancy

It is also called ectopic pregnancy, in which the egg is implanted after fertilization and begins to develop outside the uterine cavity. Typical places of its localization are tubes, abdominal cavity, ovaries, cervix, rudimentary horn (one-horned uterus).

An ectopic pregnancy is formed as a result of such pathologies in the anamnesis:

  • adnexitis;
  • abortion;
  • genital infantilism;
  • endomyometritis;
  • surgical interventions on the internal genital organs;
  • hormonal imbalance.

It can be progressive and disrupted due to a ruptured tube or ovary. In some cases, this condition ends with a tubal abortion.

The main symptom in this case is bloody discharge during pregnancy, which is "smeared", women have a delay in menstruation, she complains about. An ectopic pregnancy can also cause an acute abdomen, a medical emergency due to a ruptured fallopian tube. This type of pregnancy can develop up to a maximum of 8 weeks, and after that the tube ruptures and bleeding (internal and external) opens.

A gynecological examination and an ultrasound scan must be performed in order to correctly verify the diagnosis.

Further treatment tactics are as follows:

  • assessment of a woman's condition;
  • determination of the degree of blood loss;
  • collection and specification of anamnesis (gynecological and obstetric);
  • urgent hospitalization in the gynecological department;
  • transportation of a woman should be carried out in a horizontal position, the head end must be lowered;
  • it is important to maintain blood pressure figures at an optimal level;
  • in case of massive blood loss, the patient is hospitalized by the resuscitation and surgical team;
  • all further measures are developed and taken already in the hospital.

Causes and symptoms of bleeding during early miscarriage

The correct name for this condition is spontaneous abortion, which is considered to be the termination of pregnancy before 28 weeks. With it, a woman's cervix opens, and the ovum is partially or completely expelled from the uterine cavity.

The reasons that can provoke an early miscarriage are as follows:

This pathology is accompanied by pain with localization in the lower abdomen, increased tone of the uterus, bloody discharge, turning into bleeding. The condition of a woman directly depends on the amount of blood loss, the duration, the presence of anemia and other diseases.

Important: in case of spontaneous miscarriage, it is necessary to stop bleeding in time in order to avoid hemorrhagic shock, which occurs with the loss of a large volume of blood (individually for each patient). If the pregnancy cannot be saved, they resort to scraping.

Bleeding at 12 weeks gestation is considered an early abortion and is often due to an unexplained cause. From 13 to 28 weeks we are talking about late abortion. 2-8 pregnancies out of 100 end in spontaneous miscarriage due to various causative factors.

Bloody discharge has a different characteristic (from smearing to profuse), as well as pain syndrome (from aching to dull pain in the lower abdomen). Pregnancy is usually saved in the event of a threatening and incipient abortion, but the more blood is lost, the worse the prognosis.

Spontaneous abortion has a gradual course:

  • Threatened miscarriage. This condition can be accompanied by very scant bloody discharge, the pain is mild and has a dull aching character with localization in the lower abdomen.
  • Started abortion. With it, the release of blood will also be scarce, and the pains are cramping. This stage of spontaneous miscarriage usually proceeds with satisfactory health. The woman should be taken to a gynecological hospital to resolve the issue of the feasibility of maintaining the pregnancy. The prognosis in this case may be favorable, but it all depends on the amount of blood loss.
  • Abortion in progress... The patient has massive bleeding and cramping pain in the lower abdomen. This condition requires immediate hospitalization and appropriate measures (curettage of the uterus, blood transfusion to replace lost blood).
  • The abortion is incomplete. The blood is secreted in clots and has a dark tint, it can be a lot. Pain is necessarily present. In this case, it is impossible to maintain pregnancy, therefore, they resort to scraping the uterine cavity.
  • Complete spontaneous miscarriage. It most often occurs very early in pregnancy. The clinical picture is as follows: uterine contraction, opening of the cervical canal, removal of the ovum with some blood from the uterine cavity, closure of the cervical pharynx and cessation of bleeding. A complete spontaneous abortion does not require emergency care, but the woman is still hospitalized. Diagnostic curettage is performed in the hospital. This procedure allows you to make sure that there are no particles of the ovum left in the uterine cavity.

Treatments for early spontaneous abortion

The outcome of the treatment of bleeding during pregnancy largely depends on the timely treatment of a woman in a medical institution and her strict observance of all the doctor's prescriptions.

The complex of therapy for such conditions includes:

  • The first and foremost rule for a woman who is at risk of early miscarriage is strict bed rest.
  • Full emotional peace.
  • If necessary, hormone therapy agents are prescribed (Progesterone, Utrozhestan).
  • Infusion therapy is also carried out (intravenous infusion of solutions according to the prescription of the attending physician).

Treatment should take place in a hospital under the supervision of the attending gynecologist. If the cause can be eliminated and at the same time also maintain the current pregnancy, then the woman should be under medical supervision until delivery.

Early bleeding through clots: causes, symptoms, prognosis

The presence of clots in bloody discharge during pregnancy is, with a high probability, the release of fragments of tissue from the embryo. Often a woman notices clots when visiting the toilet or after lifting weights. The process itself is accompanied by cramping pains (similar to labor pains). This bleeding is an early miscarriage and is very common during the first 12 weeks. Doctors will not maintain such a pregnancy, especially if the blood is red and there are clots.

Note:the appearance of the blood clots themselves (brown, scarlet, red), as well as the proposed symptomatology, can be symptoms not only of a miscarriage, but also of such pathologies:

  • frozen pregnancy;
  • detachment of the ovum;
  • cervical or tubal pregnancy.

These conditions are very dangerous for the life and health of a woman, therefore, they require urgent care and hospitalization.

Bleeding in early pregnancy with cystic drift

This pathology is a type of trophoblastic diseases that are formed from derivatives of female and male germ cells. Bubble drift can develop both during physiological and ectopic pregnancy, after childbirth, artificial abortion, with inflammatory processes of the reproductive system, hormonal disorders. This disease is characterized by the presence of modifications in the chorion: there is an increased size of the villi with the formation of vesicle-like elements on them. It affects mainly women at a young age from 20 to 30 years old.

Symptoms of cystic drift:

  • delay in menstruation up to 2-4 months (a woman considers herself pregnant);
  • bloody discharge (they appear as a result of the rejection of bubbles) with the presence of the very bubbles in them;
  • during a gynecological examination, the uterus does not correspond to the expected gestational age;
  • when performing ultrasound at week 20, the fetus in the uterus is not visualized, but a picture of a "snow storm" is visible;
  • the clinic of early toxicosis is very pronounced;
  • the titer of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood is 1000 times higher than normal;
  • bleeding can only be stopped by scraping the uterine cavity.

note: This pathology is an indication for constant observation in the antenatal clinic for 2 years with a systematic test for chorionic gonadotropin. Re-pregnancy is allowed only after 2 years with negative research results.

First trimester implantation bleeding

It is considered a variant of the norm, since it does not pose a danger to the embryo. The mechanism of its development is as follows: the ovum is implanted into the lining of the uterus, during this process a vessel can be affected, which causes minor bleeding in women in the early stages of pregnancy. This usually happens on the days when the expected next menstrual cycle was supposed to begin. Therefore, women often take implantation bleeding for the next menstruation, since they simply do not know about pregnancy yet.

The clinical picture in this case will be as follows:

  • scanty discharge;
  • the duration of the discharge from several hours to 2 days maximum;
  • bleeding does not increase.

Note:if the discharge is more abundant and accompanied by pain, then these are signs of another pathology, and not implantation bleeding.

Early bleeding due to a frozen pregnancy

With this pathology, the fetus freezes in the early stages up to 12 weeks. The reason usually lies in genetic disorders of the embryo, hormonal deficiency, acute infectious pathologies, which can be diagnosed. Sometimes this condition is asymptomatic for a woman.

In other cases, these symptoms are observed.:

  • scanty discharge of a bloody nature;
  • lack of signs of fetal activity on ultrasound;
  • lower abdominal pain;
  • a sharp disappearance of signs of pregnancy;
  • softening of the mammary glands;
  • discrepancy between the size of the uterus and the gestational age.

Therapeutic tactics for a frozen pregnancy and accompanying bleeding is reduced to hospitalization of a woman and curettage of the uterus.

Early pregnancy bleeding: what to do?

Given that the causes of bleeding can be different, if they appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

  • If the bleeding is insignificant, there is no pain and it is not far from the antenatal clinic, you can seek help there yourself.
  • When the blood is bright or the bleeding is strong, you need to call an ambulance and wait for it.