Development of fine motor skills of the child's hand. Adults need fine motor skills just as much as children. Diagnostics and norms of fine motor skills in children

14.05.2019

Is it possible to work with a nursing baby or is it worth waiting until he grows up? The answer is unequivocal - it is possible and necessary.

Why do we need dexterous fingers? Perhaps every mother can easily answer this question. First, to cope with a variety of everyday tasks (zip up, unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, eat with a spoon). Then in order to successfully master the writing of sticks and hooks in a notebook. And later, in order to skillfully hold any necessary tool in his hands and perform even the most delicate work. But it turns out that exercises for the development of fine motor skills are needed for a baby not only for this. Domestic physiologists, in particular V.M.Bekhterev, proved in their works that simple hand movements improve the pronunciation of many sounds, develop the child's speech. This is because the nerve endings on the fingers are directly connected to the speech center of the brain. But finger games don't only affect speech. They have a positive effect on the entire brain as a whole.

But there is another great benefit of finger play and exercise. They have a positive effect on the health of the child! Interestingly, in Japan, a special finger massage technique is used in preschool institutions. And this is no accident! The Japanese believe that massage of each finger stimulates and improves the work of a specific organ, improves health, and has an immunostimulating effect.

So how can we help our little one? How to make his hands and fingers more dexterous, skillful and trained? Let's look for ways!

1-3 months: first massage

Very soon the time will come when your son or daughter will touch the beads on toys with his fingers, fold puzzles and mosaics, sculpt from plasticine and dough, string beads, button up the buttons on his shirt on his own, tie the laces on sneakers, repeat after you all the movements of funny finger nursery rhymes and perform many other such simple and at the same time difficult actions for little fingers. But so far all this is inaccessible to the crumb. He was just born and knows little to do himself. But developing fingers is easy even in a newborn baby! To do this, we will do a simple finger massage to the baby.

You can massage your fingers at any suitable time: when you play with your baby, when you change your clothes, you bathe. And the most convenient way to do massage is while breastfeeding. Everything is very simple here: gently stroke each finger of the child, running your fingers along it in the direction from the palm to the ends. Then gently knead your fingers, paying special attention to their tips. You can bend and unbend the fingers of the crumbs, stroke, knead in circular motions and tickle the palm and the whole brush. The baby's fists are still tightly clenched. Open them carefully by straightening your fingers. The main thing is that such a massage does not cause negative emotions in the baby. You can stretch your fingers several times a day for 2-3 minutes.

3-5 months: first games

At the age of about three months, an important and interesting event occurs in the baby's life: he begins to notice his pens, and a little later he will actively use them! Such progress, of course, must be used by offering the baby the very first games and toys that will make his fingers more dexterous.

Useful toys. Choose lightweight rattles in bright colors for your toddler. When the baby is in a good mood, put the rattle in his right or left handles. Even if the crumb only holds it for a few seconds, and then drops it, it's okay. He's just learning! Gradually, the rattle will linger in the small fist longer and longer, the baby will examine it, shake it, rattle, try to put it in its mouth. These very first rattle games are very important for the development of baby's motor skills.

Try to select toys so that they are different in volume. Then, every time, playing with them, the baby will train different types of gripping: one toy needs to be grasped with a palm, the other - taken only with two or three fingers. Different shapes of toys are also important, because to hold each of them, you need to open your fingers and turn the brush in different ways. And different materials from which toys are made and various surface textures will also add variety. Playing with them will become an additional massage for small fingers, they will develop both motor skills and tactile sensitivity.

Make a homemade toy for your baby that he will be happy to play for many months. On strong laces of different lengths, string large buttons, beads, empty wooden spools, knuckles from old accounts, toys made of chocolate eggs (holes must first be drilled into them), etc. so that the whole thing can move easily. Tie the ends of the laces. For safety reasons, you need to fasten the ends very securely so that the baby cannot untie or break the lace. In addition, the resulting "beads" should not be too long so that the child cannot put them on the neck. Such beads can be given to the baby in the arms, hung in the crib and stroller. Fingering different objects with your fingers, the baby will develop motor skills and massage the fingers.

Hand games. At about the same age, you can start playing with your baby in the first games with pens and fingers. Try in every possible way to stimulate the baby's desire to reach for toys, various objects, your face. To do this, bend down so that the baby can reach your face and touch it. Take the baby by the handles and bring it to your face, put your palms on your cheeks. Hang toys in the crib so that the baby can reach out and take them. Put a bright sock or a large bright elastic band on one of the baby's arms. Noticing an unusual object, the baby will try to reach it with his free hand. And grabbing one handle with the other is a very useful skill. Next time, slide the sock over the other handle. And then the time will come for the legs, let the baby try to catch them with the hands. At first, help the baby by pulling the legs to the handles so that he can grab them. In this case, you can sentence the nursery rhyme:

Legs, legs, where have you been?
- We went to visit grandma!
Hey you pens! Good luck, good luck!
Try to catch us!

The baby's arms are still clenched into fists. To help your fingers relax and straighten faster, continue to massage and play simple finger games with your baby. Tell a rhyme and unbend your fingers one by one:

A squirrel is sitting on a cart
She sells nuts:
Little fox sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
To the fat-headed bear,
Zayinka mustache ...

5-7 months: we continue to develop!

The baby's fingers are already quite developed. Perhaps he even manages to press the buttons, or he is about to learn it ...

Useful toys. For the development of hands, children of this age need toys with a large number of all kinds of rings or large beads that can be fingered with their fingers (rings connected together, rods with rings, etc.). You can please your kid with a whole play center, where there will be many useful finger development tools. Let him feel the details of the toy, move the rings, beads, grab the protruding handles ...

Be sure to offer the baby toys with buttons and keys: developmental panels, a children's piano, etc. Lay the baby on his tummy with a toy in front of him. Press the buttons so that the baby listens to sounds. Then it will try the path itself. At first, he will simply clap his palm on the buttons. Take his finger, press a button or key, and then admire the result: “Well done! Happened!" Gradually, the baby will learn to press the buttons on its own. This will not only entertain him, but will also strengthen his fingers.

You can make toys for developing motor skills and tactile sensitivity yourself. For example, sew several bags from fabrics of different textures and fill them with different fillers (semolina, peas, pasta, buckwheat, etc.). These bags can be hung in the baby's crib or simply given to the baby from time to time in the arms so that he crumples and feels them. You can additionally sew large buttons and beads, empty wooden spools, rosary details, etc. to the bags. It will be interesting for the kid to grab them with his fingers and pull. The main condition: the bags must be securely sewn up, and the buttons must be tightly sewn so that loose small parts do not fall into the baby's hands and then into the mouth.

Finger games. When playing with your baby, be sure to pay attention to finger games. While the baby is small, he will not be able to perform movements on his own. But for him, mom will do it just fine. There are many popular and original finger games. But for now, choose the simplest and shortest of them so that they do not have time to bother the baby. Tell the rhyme clearly, rhythmically and cheerfully and bend and unbend the baby's fingers, trying to evoke an emotional response from the little player.

- Finger-boy, where have you been?
- I went to the forest with this brother.
I cooked cabbage soup with this brother.
With this brother - I ate porridge.
I sang songs with this brother!
This mouse is sitting in a mink,
This mouse is running in the field,
This mouse counts ears
This mouse collects grain,
This little mouse shouts: “Hurray!
Everyone get together, it's time for dinner! "

Another useful exercise for this age is “brushing”. Lift the baby's arms one at a time and run it back and forth over the head, as if the baby were combing his own hair. Exercise strengthens the muscles in the palms and fingers.

7-9 months: grabbing fingers

"Stepping over" in the second half of the year noticeably changes the behavior of the baby. If earlier the little one liked "conversations" with his mother more, now his favorite pastime is to grab everything that comes to hand, be it mother's hair or various objects within reach. In addition, the baby already knows how to act with both hands at the same time. These features of the crumbs must be actively used, offering him a variety of toys and non-hazardous household items for play: a comb, boxes, food dishes, lids, clothespins, foam sponges, plastic bottles, etc. Let him grab them, feel them, squeeze them, study them with your fingers.

Useful toys. From about this age, the first pyramid should appear in the baby's toy arsenal. This is a wonderful toy that develops the baby's thinking, and his motor skills, and coordination of movements. But in order for the pyramid to benefit the baby, choose it correctly. The toy should be large, with a thick shaft and large, easy-to-put rings. The kid will be able to cope with such a toy, and, therefore, it will not bore him after half a minute of playing. Toys and play centers where you need to grab, move, rotate, press, touch something are still relevant. For example, a game labyrinth in which colored balls move along curved wires.

Be sure to purchase a few rubber squeaker toys for your baby. For them to make sounds, they need to be squeezed well in your hand. And this is a completely new movement that will strengthen the fingers and the hand. Such a baby expander turns out to be! Toys should not be too "hard", otherwise the baby will not be able to cope with them and will quickly lose interest. The first constructors and cubes consisting of several large parts will come in handy. Have your toddler try to grip the parts with his hand and, under your guidance, stack them one on top of the other.

Finger games. The kid grows up, and finger games begin to give him more and more pleasure. If you haven’t played Crow Magpie with your baby yet, it’s time to give it a try. Despite the seeming simplicity, this is a very useful game for the kid. But for the effect to be more effective, you should not just bend your fingers, but massage them lightly, starting with the little finger and ending with the thumb. We will also "cook" porridge on the palm of your hand quite intensively, kneading your palm in a circular motion. Remember to alternate between right and left sticks. Closer to the year, the baby will learn to perform some of the movements on his own. For example, "cook" porridge with your finger. Everyone probably knows the nursery rhyme about forty. And here is a similar rhyme for a change with the same movements:

Our Masha
Cooked porridge, (we run our finger on the palm)
I cooked porridge
The kids were fed: (bend fingers in turn)
I gave this,
I gave this,
I gave this,
I gave this,
But she didn’t give it to him.
He was naughty a lot.
He broke his plate.

Here is another finger nursery rhyme that you can offer your baby. Squeeze its handle into a cam. While pronouncing the rhyme, unclench your fingers one at a time, and at the end again hide them in a fist.

One, two, three, four, five,
The bunnies went out for a walk.
One, two, three, four, five,
They hid in the house again.

Fun fun. You can develop motor skills even while swimming. Throw small toys and objects (spoons, kinder surprise toys, shells, large pebbles, etc.) on the bottom of the bathroom. Toys that float on the surface are also suitable. They will certainly interest the kid, and he will want to get them. To grab small items, he will have to especially try. After all, grabbing them with your whole palm is not very convenient, it is better to take them with your fingers. This means that the fingers will be able to practice new movements. Show the baby that the caught items can be put in a plastic bowl floating on the water. Teach your toddler to spank open palms on the surface of the water. Of course, this will cause a lot of splashes, but it will massage your palms well, which is very useful.

9-12 months: we can do a lot!

Closer to the year, the baby's skills and thinking are developing with such impetuosity that literally every day a little clever girl presents us with something new. Expand the range of educational toys, offer new games to your baby. This will bring invaluable benefits to its development.

Useful toys. The little fingers are becoming more and more dexterous, just a little more - and they will learn to open a variety of boxes. We need to help them with this! To do this, add to the baby's toy arsenal all sorts of toys that are associated with opening and are inserted one into one. For example, a large nesting doll with a whole team of smaller nesting dolls hiding inside. And also a set of plastic caps that can be inserted into one another or build a high tower out of them. If you have a selection of different sized food pans, they make a great toy too. Let the baby insert them one into the other, trying to remove the covers from them (he will learn how to put on the covers a little later). In order to stimulate the child's desire to remove the lids from the vessels, place a small toy in each. Give the baby a bottle with a screw cap, a jar of cream (for interest, you can also put something in front of the baby's eyes, for example, a cookie) - and let him train in unscrewing and twisting. Several cloth handkerchiefs of different sizes will be no less useful. You can perform a variety of manipulations with them: pick up, cover yourself, your mother, or “hide” a toy, wrap a little doll or car.

At this age, it is already possible to offer the baby large insert frames and all sorts of sorters, where you need to push different parts into the corresponding holes. The choice of such toys is huge.

Finger games. Keep playing your kid's favorite finger games and add new ones of course. For example, about cabbage. If you train actively, closer to the year the baby will learn to perform all the movements on his own.

We chop-chop the cabbage, (alternately we hit the edges of our palms on the surface of the table),
We salt-salt the cabbage, ("salt" with small pinches of the left and right hand)
We are three or three cabbage, (we rub our palms),
We squeeze-squeeze cabbage (squeeze-unclench our left and right hands into fists)

Fun fun. While bathing, run all kinds of containers into the bath: plastic cups, bowls, bottles, spoons. Show your baby how to pour water from one glass to another, how to pour liquid from a small bottle. It doesn’t matter if the water stream doesn’t immediately hit its destination. Everything requires training. Give your child a toothbrush and have him run his finger over the bristles. Help him massage each finger in turn.

Useful ideas

There are many activities you can think of to develop your toddler's motor skills without even using expensive, store-bought toys. For example, give crumbs a few sheets of white paper. Let them crumple the paper in their hands, unfold it and crush it again. For the same purpose, a pack of paper napkins is suitable. It's so much fun to tear them apart! And at the same time exercise your fingers. Just do not give your baby magazines and newspapers to be torn apart. If you don't follow it, the paper can get into your mouth. Let it be just white, no ink.

Show your kid how you can throw a variety of small objects into a five-liter plastic bottle: clothespins, small toys, candy wrappers and other pieces of paper, various rags, felt-tip pen caps and felt-tip pens themselves, pebbles, chestnuts ... In a word, everything that fits into the neck. This is a simple but very useful exercise for toddler's fingers. Just do not give the baby too small objects (beans, buttons, beads) and be sure to be nearby during the game!

Now, inspired by these simple ideas, you can certainly come up with many of your own games for training your son or daughter's fingers. Let these games be both fun and useful!

Today, only lazy mom didn’t hear. Sometimes this is presented as a kind of novelty, a discovery of modern psychologists and educators, but in fact, the connection between the work of fingers and the development of brain structures has been established for a very long time. Surprisingly, our great-grandmothers, to whom no one told anything about the scientific methods of raising and developing children, played "magpie-crow" with them. This is both a massage, a new tactile experience - and all this with musical accompaniment!

Motor skills are the movement of muscles. Accordingly, the large muscles of the arms and legs are worked out in the process of mastering the skills of walking, controlling cutlery. With this, everything is easier. But the small muscles of the hands often require more subtle and detailed work, which is what correctional teachers, educators and speech therapists pay attention to. Therefore, today we will talk specifically about fine motor skills.

Why should we develop it?

A reasonable question. The child crawls, takes everything in hand, studies, then begins to walk, the movements of his hands are improved and he is already able to perform more accurate movements. It seems that all the processes go by themselves. However, motor skills are a general concept. The human hand is a unique organ, the development of which has practically no boundaries. Therefore, the more attention you pay to this process, the better the child will develop in the future.

Hand - eye - brain

A small motorboat is not chaotic movements, but conscious, meaningful and verified. That is why it is extremely important for the development of brain structures in general and speech in particular. And this is not a myth at all, but a confirmed fact. Scientists were able to prove that about a third of the entire area of the motor surface of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hands, located very close to the speech area. Therefore, motor skills are not only about the development of grasping skills. Allowing your child to twirl something in their fingers, you also directly stimulate the development of speech.

In fact, the development of small movements is carried out with the help of sight. The eyes act as a coordinator here, this is the best link that corrects the accuracy of movements and gives feedback to the brain. Thanks to vision, movements are sharpened every time.

Thinking functions

And we go further, because motor skills are not only the key to the development of speech. In addition, it directly interacts with thinking, imagination, motor and visual memory, observation and attention. That is, now, at the age when your baby begins to gorgeously feel all the objects that fall into his hands, he is laying all the foundations for future successful activities, both educational and working. Therefore, before you take this or that toy from the crumbs or take it out of the sandbox, think, maybe this is much more important than your ideas about hygiene.

We start with the simplest

The development of fine motor skills of the hands does not require visiting special groups for babies, which are so fashionable today. Of course, this is quite convenient, the mother has several hours of free time to go shopping, and the child is busy with interesting games with professional teachers. But it must be borne in mind that the whole life of a little person is associated with the use of coordinated and precise movements of the hands and fingers. This is fastening and unfastening buttons and locks, tying laces, putting on clothes, opening various objects. Therefore, just give the child a field for activity, and the development process will go much faster.

Sometimes creative parents make unique manuals out of junk material. What is a piece of cardboard in which bottle necks are inserted! On the other hand, corks are attached to them on a string. It remains to arrange them in the form of multi-colored flowers and give the baby the opportunity to wind the cores to the petals. You can find a lot of similar examples.

When to start classes

In fact, the development of motor skills goes on during intrauterine development. The kid clenches his fists, sucks his thumb, which has a positive effect on the laying of brain structures. From the moment of birth, experts advise performing a gentle massage on the baby's palms. For example, you can do this while you feed. As he grows up, the baby should be offered objects of different shapes, textures and sizes for study. These can be toys, rattles, or just cotton socks with cereals poured inside. But if we talk about the period of active training, then this is the age from six to eight months.

Harmonious development

This is a very important point to consider. You can't just focus on fine motor skills and forget about everything else. All muscles of the body are subject to development. Fortunately, an active kid never forgets to crawl, run, climb, so he provides himself with the necessary physical activity. Mom's job is often to provide a safe space for activities. The main thing is not to interfere with the baby, and then motor skills will develop normally. This is very important for children. Massage and swimming are excellent for this. If in your city there are activities in the pool for the little ones, then be sure to enroll your baby. And massage can be done at home, in the evenings, it is not difficult at all.

Closer to the year

Children like motor skills very much, and at the same time they are not time-consuming or expensive in terms of materials used. Anything at hand will do. Pebbles and buttons, beads and cereals - all these materials have a developing and tonic effect on a child. Of course, there must be an adult nearby who will not allow the child to eat or get hurt. The most fun games include:

Finger gymnastics

This is one of the most effective activities during which fine motor skills develop. Preschool age is remarkable in that the child is open to any creativity, he enthusiastically repeats various songs, teaches rhymes. You can start such classes from the age of one, with the usual "Magpie-crow". Gradually, you can complicate the conditions, connect balls with small pimples that you can squeeze in your hand, spoons to beat out the beat or any other objects.

Most of these games are accompanied by musical accompaniment or a certain, poetic saying. It stimulates the development of creativity, memory and imagination. Most of these games involve the use of two hands, so that children learn concepts such as "down" and "up", "left" and "right". It is important that isolated movements of all fingers are additionally involved.

Molding

In fact, the list goes on. The development of motor skills in preschool children includes all types of creativity that are available to him at the current stage of development. The guys are very responsive and ready to sculpt crafts with their parents ad infinitum. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to buy expensive sets for creativity, especially since they are usually designed for the manufacture of one toy. Show a little imagination: buy clay, plasticine, knead salty dough to which you can add food colors.

The smallest can be offered to decorate a previously prepared drawing with pieces of plasticine. For example, a simple landscape in which you want to depict snow or rain. With the help of plasticine, you can decorate a tree with apples, collect fruits in baskets and do many more interesting things.

Motor skills are a challenge to the creative skills of a parent. Try plasticine over glass bottles and shaping them into teapots or jugs. You can make prints on a piece of clay using various buttons or toys. And if you arm yourself with plastic knives, you can roll sausages and cut them into pieces, wrap them in wrappers and come up with a lot more.

Painting

This is another type of creativity that requires patience from parents, since everything around them will have to be washed. However, if you appreciate the benefits of these activities, then it is worth it. What techniques can you use? A small child does not yet know how to use a brush, so equip him with a sponge for applying prints, and also let him try to paint with his own fingers - one and two, as well as the whole palm. It is a fantastic experience that will kickstart a child's imagination.

As the child grows up, you can complicate the tasks, start using a brush and several colors at the same time, at the same time showing the possibility of mixing them.

Exercises with additional subjects

Here you can use everything that you have at home. Among these games, the most famous is mosaic.

Instead of a conclusion

Exercises for motor skills can be described indefinitely. You can include a learning element in almost any game, and it will only become more interesting from this. If your imagination is not enough, you can spy on the ideas of classes in modern methods, which are quite widespread. For example, this is a step-by-step system for classes with a child "School of the Seven Dwarfs", "One step, two steps" and many others.

Today we will talk about the importance of the development of fine motor skills of the hands in the development of children's speech, we will get acquainted with games and exercises with which you can develop the fine motor skills of the hands of a child.

Recently, most modern children have a general motor lag and a lag in the development of fine finger movements. It is found that the muscles of the fingers of the hands of children are often weak, they cannot accurately reproduce a given pose, cannot hold it, not to mention the fact that most children find it difficult to master skills such as buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, zippers, etc. ...

Even 20 years ago, parents, and along with them and children, had to do more with their hands, sort out cereals, wash clothes, knit, embroider, etc. Now there is a car for each lesson. Even now parents buy shoes for children with Velcro, so as not to take the trouble of teaching the child to fasten them, to tie the laces.

A consequence of the poor development of general motor skills, and in particular of the hand, is the general unpreparedness of most children for writing or problems with speech development. Unfortunately, most parents find out about problems with coordination of movements and fine motor skills only before school. This turns into a forced load on the child: in addition to assimilating new information, you also have to learn to hold a pencil in your naughty fingers.

After all, how it happens. The child does not speak. The child speaks badly. Each family has a different attitude to this phenomenon. Some are already worried that the baby speaks only 2-3 words by the year. Others are calm, despite the fact that a three-year-old child cannot compose the simplest phrase, he speaks only a small number of everyday words. Such parents believe that over time, their child will catch up with their peers, and will speak on his own. And they are very mistaken. Most often, the delay in the development of speech has a heavy effect on the general development of the child, does not allow him to fully communicate and play with his peers, complicates the knowledge of the world around him, burdens the emotional and mental state of the child. However, if you help the child in time, constantly use all the methods of development, activation of speech, these serious problems can be successfully solved.

Why do you need to develop fine motor skills?

The development of a child's fine motor skills - fine movements of the hands of the fingers - is one of the indicators of the mental development of a preschooler.
A high level of development of fine motor skills indicates the functional maturity of the cerebral cortex and the psychological readiness of the child for school.
Fine motor skills are the basis for the development of mental processes; attention, memory, perception, thinking and speech, spatial representation.

With deficiencies in the development of fine motor skills of the hand, children:

Unable to draw a straight line (vertical, horizontal).
Experiencing difficulty in forming the correct trajectory of movements when performing a graphic element (numbers, geometric shapes).

3. There is no desire to draw, sculpt, engage in manual labor.

At school, writing is very slow.

Dear parents, children's health and their future are in your hands.

Hands are a delicate instrument, and they "tune" over time. The more the baby works with his fingers, the better the development of fine motor skills of the hands occurs and the earlier and better his speech develops, since in the cerebral cortex the motor and speech areas are close. Moreover, speech is actively formed under the influence of impulses coming from the fingers. So it turns out that the level and pace of development of the baby's speech directly depends on how developed the fine movements of children's fingers are.

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands.

Modeling from clay and plasticine. It is very useful. If it's winter in the yard, what could be better than a snow woman or snowball games. And in the summer you can build a fairy-tale castle from sand or small stones.
Drawing or coloring pictures is a favorite pastime for preschoolers and a good exercise for developing fine motor skills of the hands.
Making paper crafts. For example, cutting out geometric shapes with scissors yourself, drawing up patterns, making appliqués.
Making crafts from natural materials: cones, acorns, straw and other available materials. These activities also develop the imagination, the fantasy of the child.
Construction. Develops imaginative thinking, imagination, fine motor skills of hands.
Fastening and unfastening buttons, buttons, hooks. A good workout for fingers, dexterity is improved and fine motor skills of the hands are developed.
Tying and undoing ribbons, laces, knots on the rope.
Twisting and unscrewing can lids, bubbles, etc. also improves fine motor development and dexterity in your baby's fingers.
Stringing beads and buttons. In summer, you can make beads from mountain ash, nuts, pumpkin seeds and cucumbers, small fruits, etc.
Weaving braids from threads, wreaths of flowers.

All kinds of handicrafts: for girls - knitting, embroidery, etc., for boys - chasing, burning, art sawing, etc. Teach your children everything that you can do yourself!

How to keep your child busy in the kitchen in order to have time to cook everything.

Groats on a platter. Place two or three types of cereals on a large flat plate. The child goes through, feels it, compares, and you tell where it comes from and what you can do with it (porridge, for example).
Cover a sheet (cardboard, plastic) with a thin layer of plasticine. Pour buckwheat, rice, peas into different plates for the baby and show how you can lay out patterns by pressing food into plasticine. 10 - 15 minutes of silence is guaranteed for you.
The most delicious games are to put together two or three varieties of raisins, nuts, different in shape, color and taste. And let him take them apart.
We take different jars and lids for them. The child must match the lids to the jars. It is desirable that the caps are of different sizes, then it is easier for the child to pick them up. Caps can be dressable, twist-on. These can be small plastic bottles, baby food jars, and others that you can find in your kitchen. By closing the lids, the child trains his fingers and the development of fine motor skills of the hands is improved.
Pour some juice from the berries onto a plate. Give your child some refined sugar cubes. Let the baby take turns dipping the pieces into the juice and watching the juice gradually rise up and color the sugar in a beautiful color.
Place two cups in front of your child. Pour cereals into one, and leave the other empty. Show your child how to spoon the grits in one cup and pour them into the other. When there is not enough cereal left in the first cup, show how to tilt the cup to collect all the cereal.
Give your baby ice cube trays, an eyedropper, and water. To make it more interesting, the water can be tinted with juice. Have the child draw liquid into a pipette and pour it into molds. This game perfectly contributes to the development of fine motor skills of hands and concentration of attention.
Sprinkle semolina or other cereal onto a flat dish or tray. Have the child draw on the rump with his finger, leaving different shapes. Show your kid how to draw the simplest shapes: squares, rhombuses, circles.
Give your baby a piece of dough. He will be happy to sculpt from it, while improving the development of fine motor skills of his fingers.
Educational game "Making beads". You will need pasta with a large gap and a long string. The task for the child: string the pasta on a string.

Remember that any learning process requires a lot of patience and work. Be wise, considerate, and loving parents. Do not neglect the passing time forever - use it rationally. After all, it is such happiness to watch how your child grows and develops! And take a direct part in this exciting process.

Educator MDOU № 4 Lukhmanova N.A.

Fine motor skills is a physical process based on a combination of actions of the body's muscular system and psychological control. The nervous system is responsible for the implementation of this work, connecting the limbs with the brain center. The use of fine motor skills of the hands is sometimes not noticeable, at the level of using gestures during verbal communication. The development of motor skills is directly related to the development of speech, these sectors touch in the cerebral cortex.

The development of fine motor skills in children

With the birth of a child, the development of the surrounding world begins, its own organism. To stimulate the development of crumbs, special toys are used. Suspended, floor attributes can be touched, tested for strength. With this, the child does not consciously train his motor skills. Tactile sensations of roughness, softness of surfaces help to improve the perception of the environment.

From the age of one, for a small motorboat, you can use:

The cereals are poured onto the table, sorting out the peas, shifting small objects from one vessel to another will improve coordination.
Plasticine, dough, all the nerve endings of the fingertips are involved in the sculpting process.
Parents carry out hand and palm massages on their own, telling rhymes about the magpie-crow, finger games.

Working on motor skills in adulthood

In adulthood, the apparatus of motor functions must continue to be developed, the stagnation of this activity leads to atrophy of brain cells. Everyday activities have a beneficial effect, among them: writing with a pen, pen, drawing. Working at a computer does not apply to this load. Good memory, delivered speech is also trained by hand massage.

On the palm there are points used to influence the organs of the human body, stimulation of the surface of the hands activates the impulses of the cerebral cortex. The dictum of the German thinker "A hand is a brain flowing out" accurately conveys the importance of exercises for the development of limb motor skills.

Activities that promote stimulation, motor development:

Different types of handicrafts stimulate both limbs and brain activity at the same time, focusing on small details. In the old days, all women were engaged in fabric business, knitting, which helped maintain the clarity of movements in old age. Beadwork, weaving stimulates the development of memory.
Men can turn to modeling technical objects (ships, cars, planes) to activate the necessary zones.
Clay is a universal object of massage character. The flexible structure acts on the entire arm, involving the muscles of the wrist and hand.
During the working day, you can carry out a number of exercises that strengthen motor skills by drawing in a notebook or notebook. The main rule for drawing exercises is orderliness. A series of repetitive loops, oblique lines, will resemble the use of words in primary grades, will have a huge positive effect on fine motor skills of the hands.
Finger gymnastics. The set of exercises for the phalanx of the fingers consists of flexion, extension. You can even do this activity on public transport. It is not necessary to select a specific sequence. To stretch your fingers, you can click your thumb on the middle one, cross one after the other, just clench your fist.
Universal tool for warming up the wrist expander. This device is round in shape and fits easily in the palm of your hand. For use, it is enough to periodically strain your fingers so that the ring is compressed.

Recovery of hand motility after a stroke

Any injuries not only of a local nature, but also of the brain area harm the entire body. A stroke has the same effect. The nerve connections of the human body cease to work harmoniously, the impulse is lost and does not always reach the designated place. People who have undergone similar diseases suffer from difficult perception and reconstruction of information, impaired motility of the body, including the hands.

Rehabilitation centers help people with reduced mobility to recover. To perform a set of exercises, it is not necessary to resort to the help of specialists, among them:

Gymnastic exercises... Unlike regular training, during recovery, control is key. The limbs stop obeying, they may not respond to brain signals. Therefore, the main principle of training is to closely monitor the performed manipulations, controlling them.
Creative classes... As in classic drawing options, repetitive lines, stucco moldings are very productive for the development of motor skills. In addition, the psychological aspect becomes important for the stroke survivor. Immersion in inner nature. Expressing your self through art.
Ball exercise... This technique is used in kindergartens and special institutions. Balls of different shapes help to train dexterity by fixing an object with your hands. The ball is transferred from hand to hand, rolled on the table. There is self-massage with a sword, which will allow you to use several parts of the cerebral cortex at once, which are responsible for perception and performance of actions. Balls should be used from different materials: cloth, rubber, pimples.
Improvised means... For gymnastic exercises, take a few nuts and touch them in the palm of your hand. Everyday activities stimulate motor skills well and bring the brain into working capacity. A lamp, a TV remote control, an elevator button require concentration of thoughts.
High concentration is required for sorting through, collecting such small details as puzzles, mosaics. Working with them to constantly improve dexterity, memory, fine motor skills of hands.

Olga Raevskaya

Perhaps every modern parent knows about the need development of fine motor skills... But not everyone finds the time and desire to seriously engage in this funny and useful process. But each skill group needs develop at the right time... It is very important to understand that fine motor skills will help your child in the subsequent time to perform various everyday activities (buttoning buttons, washing hands, wiping, learning (writing, drawing, playing.

Fine motor skills can be developed with the help of various board games (mosaic, puzzles, lotto, dominoes, finger games and exercises, massage, special techniques.

There are many different in stores now educational games and manuals... However, having shown imagination, it is quite possible to do with the materials at hand. To interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game, do not retreat if the tasks seem difficult, do not forget to praise the child.

Games on development of fine motor skills in children

using scrap materials.

An excellent effect is given by beans, peas, cereals "Baths"... Pour dried peas, beans, or buckwheat into a saucepan or large bowl. Then we hide among the legumes or cereals small subjects: toys from "Kinder surprises", constructor details or something else. The child's task is to find and take out funny toys.

Take a bright tray. Sprinkle any small cereals... Run your finger over the child's rump. You will get a bright contrasting line. Let your little one draw some chaotic lines himself. Then try to draw some objects together (fence, rain, waves, letters, etc.)

Pour 1 kg of peas or beans into a saucepan. The child puts his hands in there and depicts how the dough is kneaded, sentencing:

"Knead, knead the dough,

There is a place in the oven.

Will-will be out of the oven

Rolls and rolls ".

Give your child a piece of cardboard and a pencil and ask him to draw a simple drawing. Then give him glue and beans. Have the child smear the cardboard with glue along the pencil line, and then stick the beans on it - you get a volumetric applique.

Choose buttons in different colors and sizes. Lay out the drawing yourself first, then ask your child to do the same on their own. After the child learns to complete the task without your help, invite him to come up with his own versions of the drawings. From a button mosaic, you can lay out a tumbler, butterfly, snowman, balls, beads, etc.

Give your child a round hair brush. The child rolls the brush between his palms, sentencing:

"By the pine, by the fir, by the Christmas tree

Very sharp needles.

But even stronger than the spruce forest,

The juniper will prick you. "

The child rolls a walnut between his palms and condemns:

“I roll my nut,

To become the roundest of all. "

The child holds two walnuts in one hand and rotates them one around the other.

Take your sink grate (usually it consists of many cells)... The child walks with the index and middle fingers, like legs, along these cells, trying to take steps for each stressed syllable. "Walk" you can alternately with one or the other hand, or you can - with two at the same time, speaking:

“We wandered in the zoo,

Each cage was approached

And watched everyone:

Cubs, wolf cubs, beavers. "

We take the dumplings. Its surface is like a honeycomb. Child with two fingers (index and middle) depicts a bee flying over honeycombs:

"Fingers, like bees, fly over the honeycomb

And each one comes with checking: what is there?

Will there be enough honey for all of us until spring,

So that you don't have hungry dreams? "

Pour dry peas into a mug. For each stressed syllable, the child puts the peas, one at a time, in another mug. First with one hand, then with both hands at the same time, alternately between thumb and middle fingers, thumb and ring, thumb and pinky. Any quatrains are selected.

We put two stoppers from plastic bottles on the table with the thread up. It - "skis"... The index and middle fingers fit into them, like feet. Moving on "Skiing" step by step for each drum syllable:

“We are skiing, we are racing down the mountain,

We love the fun of a cold winter. "

You can try the same thing with both hands at the same time.

The child collects matches (or counting sticks) with the same fingers of different hands (with pads): two indexes, two middle, etc.

We build "Blockhouse" from matches or counting sticks. The higher and smoother the frame, the better.

Clothespin (check on your fingers so it isn't too tight) alternately "Bite" nail phalanges (from forefinger to pinky and back) on stressed syllables verse:

"The silly kitten bites heavily,

He thinks it's not a finger, but a mouse. (Change of hands.)

But I'm playing with you baby

And you will bite, I will say you: "Shoot!".

We pull the rope at the level of the child's shoulders and give him a few clothespins. For each stressed syllable, the child clings a clothespin to rope:

“I'll pinch the clothespins deftly

I'm on my mother's rope. "

We cut out blanks of different shapes from colored cardboard and invite the child to complete the work - attach clothespins of the corresponding color along the edges. For example, turn the yellow circle into a sun with rays, the green triangle into a herringbone, etc.

We take the rope (as thick as the little finger of a child) and tie 12 knots on it. The child, fingering the knots with his fingers, for each knot names the month of the year in order. You can make similar devices from beads, buttons, etc.

The child crumples, starting from the corner, a handkerchief (or a plastic bag) so that it all fits into the cam.

Stringing beads and buttons. In summer, you can make beads from mountain ash, nuts, pumpkin seeds and cucumbers, small fruits, etc.... e. Interesting activity for development of imagination, fantasy and fine motor skills of hands.

Be sure to supervise your child when playing with small items!