Presentation Designing and modeling of wood products. Lesson "The sequence of designing and modeling products from wood" (grade 6). Reading assembly drawing
Slide 1.
MBOU Znamenskaya School №1 Minusinsky District Krasnoyarsk Territory Technology lesson in grade 6: "Fundamentals of design and modeling of wood products» Teacher Technology Vitutnov Nikolay AnatolyevichClade 2.
Examine with students elements and sequence of designing and modeling products. Equipment: Samples of wood products, Tables with graphic images, Kits "Designer" Duration of the lesson: 2 lessons for 45 minutes. Type of lesson: Combined.
Slide 3.
What is the drawing detail? What types of images except drawing are used in the design of products? What is a sketch? Technical drawing? What drawings are called assembly?
Slide 4.
Slide 5.
Drawing Details "Cutting Board" What do you think? What sizes required for the manufacture of this product are missing in the drawing?
Slide 6.
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Slide 9.
Reading the assembly drawing Reading the assembly drawing starts with the study of the main inscription content and the specification:
Clade 10.
2. Didactic exercise "We read and discuss wise thoughts" better perfectly perform a small part of the case than to do bad ten times more. Aristotle who works with love, he contributes poetry to any work. N. G. Chernyshevsky Aristotle -
Clade 11.
"We read and discuss wise thoughts" True treasure for people - the ability to work. Esop only labor gives the right to enjoy life. N. A. Dobrolyubov
Slide 12.
P. The presentation of software material in the technology is very important, if not the main thing - to develop a perfect technical design. Constructive solution of the thing performs engineering design. Designing is the development of the design of the product. The design is the structure, the device, the relative position of the parts of the object defining its purpose.
Slide 13.
Designing Design is a complex and multi-operation technological process, which includes: a visual representation of the product; drafting sketches, technical drawings, drawings; selection of the required material; Making a prototype; Test for strength and efficiency; elimination of defects
Slide 14.
When designing the product, it is necessary that it is: a durable - the ability of the product to perceive certain loads, not destroying. Reliable - product ability to perform a given assignment while maintaining the main characteristics. Technological - the compliance of the product with the requirements of the economical technology of its manufacture. Economical - the compliance of the product is the smallest work and materials in its manufacture. In the manufacture of several parts from one billet, it is important that they work as much as possible, and for this it is necessary to take into account their correct (economical) accommodation and markup.
Slide 15.
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Slide 18.
Constructing principles: To get a fashionable, beautiful, comfortable and safe product, the designer has to consider many product options, take into account the complex of functional conditions and requirements: convenience of use; maximum compliance with the operating conditions; Creating a harmonious holistic form, high aesthetic qualities.
Slide 19.
Designing a combination of all product properties determines its quality. The quality product is durable, reliable in work, for a long time does not require repair, a few materials spent on it.
Slide 20.
Modeling One of the conservation techniques is modeling. Modeling is the process of manufacturing according to the drawing of the model of any object. The model is a reduced or enlarged copy of the product designed to display its device and the principle of operation.
Clade 21.
Modeling creates a model, as well as the present product for sketches, technical drawings and drawings.
Clade 22.
Crab variability and design variability - change of individual items of the product while maintaining its base for the purposes of the most successful solution of the design task. The variability inherent in the design of the product - its design and appearance ("design" in translation from English means "plan, project, drawing").
Slide 23.
Slide 24.
Slide 25.
Clade 26.
Clade 27.
Slide 28.
Clade 29.
What is the difference between design from engineering design? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Slide 30.
Let's try to answer together: the designer is looking for harmony of functions and forms in accordance with the peculiarities of human perception. His approach to things is much wider than the designer. It takes into account the diverse functions of the thing: the appointment is the ability to satisfy a certain human need; For example, a spoon - a device for meals, a tape recorder - a sound playback device; Communicative function of things - as it were, a collective message of the manufacturer to future consumers; products will judge the descendants of the level of development of our production; The decorative function (as part of the objective environment) is a scenery, against which our activities and other functions take place.
Slide 31.
Let's try to answer together: if engineering design gives a constructive solution of the thing, the artistic design is organized by the form of the subject on the basis of all its connections and functions. The form of the product has a certain independence, it is designed not only to show the function, but also make an aesthetic effect.
Slide 32.
Practical work "Precision Details for Drawing and Technology Map" You will need: Tooling lathe: Drawing Details and Technological Card for its manufacture; Billet, chisel groove semi-head, ruler, pencil, sewer, grinding squeezing. Security Rules: 1. Do not turn on the machine without the permission of the teacher. 2. Must secure the back grandmother of the machine. 3. Check whether the workpiece has a crack. 4. Long secure the workpiece. 5. Before working on the lathe, prepare the workplace: remove everything too much from the machine and around it, decompose only the necessary tools and devices. 6. Check out the working tool: the chisel knobs must be firmly planted and not to have cracks.
Slide 33.
7. Follow clothes. Button all buttons. Long hair is removed under the headpiece 8. Before starting the machine, put the protective glasses. 9. During the sharpening process, periodically stop the machine and press the detail with the rear center, eliminating the gaps. 10. Periodically, as the surface is sharpened, when the machine stops, we bring the girlfriend to the surface of the workpiece for 2-3 mm, turn the workpiece by hand to 2-3 turns and securely secure the girlfriend. 11. During work, do not distract, do not move away from the machine. 12. All configuration operations are performed only when the machine is turned off and stopped. 13. Do not handle the item near the trident. 14. Do not stop the workpiece with your hands. 15. Report all faults to the teacher.
Slide 34.
Reading a drawing read a sketch or drawing is, it means to imagine the device details and find out all the data necessary for its manufacture. You can read a sketch or drawing in such a sequence. First, find the name of the part in the lower right corner of the sketch and find out what material it should be made of it. Then consider the image of the part, present it form, find out the overall dimensions. After that, find all the items of the part on the image, submit their shape and set the dimensions. And in conclusion, explore the technical requirements specified in the drawing.
Slide 35.
Slide 36.
Procedure for performing work Procedure for performing work 1. Read the drawing and technological map for the manufacture of a cylindrical part (or products for your project). 2. Select the workpiece and plan work with it under the guidance of the teacher. 3. Follow, prepare and install the workpiece on the lathe. 4. Select and check the cutting tools. 5. Perform the draft struts with a grooved chisel, stripping - grinding skurt. Sharpen only with permission and under the control of the teacher! 6. Remove the workpiece. Check the dimensions and roughness of the surfaces of the processed part.
Short description
Purpose: study with students elements and sequence of designing and modeling products.
Tasks of the lesson: the assimilation of new knowledge and the development of cognitive societies, mastering the corresponding skills and skills, the development of creative thinking.
Recommendations for use: The lesson is carried out in conjunction with the presentation, as well as with the demonstration of various models.
Description
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Municipal budgetary educational institution Znamenskaya Secondary School №1 Minussky District, Krasnoyarsk Territory
Developed: Teacher Technology N.A. Vitutnov
Annotation to work:Plan-abstract lesson technology in grade 6
Purpose:
Tasks lesson:
Recommendations for use:
the lesson is carried out in conjunction with the presentation, as well as with the demonstration of various models.
Plan-abstract lesson technology in grade 6
Topic: Sequence of design and simulation of wood products
Purpose:examine with students elements and sequence of designing and modeling products.
Tasks lesson:the assimilation of new knowledge and development of cognitive abilities, mastering the appropriate skills and skills, the development of creative thinking.
Equipment in the classroom:
samples of wood products, tables with graphic images, sets for design and modeling, computer, projector, screen.
Equipment in the study workshop:
tD-120 wood processing lathes, measuring rules, squares, caliper, chisels for turning works - for the first link. Billets for brushes, ruler, pencils, sewn, drilling machine, kapron thread, chisels, hammers - for the second link.
Duration:
2 lessons for 45 minutes.
Structural stages of the lesson:
Greeting teacher, checking attendance class (3 min)
I. Introductory part. Repetition of the material passed (5 - 7 min)
1. Conversation on questions:
"What you need to know about the details for its manufacture? What types of graphic images do you know? What is the graphic image call a technical pattern? drawing? sketch? What do they differ from each other? After listening to the responses of students, the teacher clarifies, complements and evaluates them.
2. Didactic exercise "We read and discuss wise thoughts."
Description. On the board recorded statements about the work of outstanding personalities.
The teacher reads them expressively, then suggests students to independently reflect on them and express its opinion, attitude to their content, invested meaning.
On the desk:
Better perfectly perform a small part of the case than
make bad ten times more.
Aristotle
Who works with love, he makes poetry for all work.
N. G. Chernyshevsky
True treasure for people - the ability to work.
Aesop
Only work gives the right to enjoy life.
N. A. Dobrolyubov
3. Topics and lesson target.
P. Presentation of software material (8 - 10 min)
Illustrative story.
Teacher. In technology, it is very important if not the main thing - to develop a perfect technical design. Constructive solution of the thing performs engineering design.
Design - This is the development of the product design. Designing is a complex and multi-operation technological process that includes:
visual representation of the product;
drafting sketches, technical drawings, drawings;
Test for strength and efficiency;
elimination of defects.
To get a beautiful product, at the same time, the simple and safe in operation, as well as fashionable, the constructor has to consider many product options, take into account the complex of functional conditions and requirements (ease of use, maximum compliance with the conditions of operation, the creation of a harmonious holistic form, high aesthetic qualities). Multivariate in design call variatives. Variability inherent design Products - its designs and appearance ("design" in translation from English means "plan, project, drawing").
The variability of possible design solutions and decoration is presented in Figure 12 Page 22 of the textbook.
Any thing, from a simple working tool to the most complex instruments, from children's toys to the spacecraft,it acts as an element of a complex system, in the center of which is a person. The design can begin with the modernization of the old or creating a new thing, but its work is completed by the aesthetic organization of the entire objective environment and the coordination of the "Second Nature" - the generation of technology with natural nature into one harmonious integer.
Try to answer the question: What is the difference between design from engineering design? (Responses of students.)
Now let's try to figure out together. The designer is looking for harmony of functions and forms in accordance with the peculiarities of human perception. His approach to things is much wider than the designer. It takes into account the diverse functions of the thing:
- Purpose -
the ability to satisfy a certain human need; For example, a spoon - a device for eating, a tape recorder - recording reproduction device;
- Communicative function of things - as it were as a collective message to the manufacturer to future consumers; products will judge the descendants of the level of development of our production;
- modeling function of things organizes consumer behavior; So, the conveyor sets one mode of operation, an individual machine - another; The same dishes for the festive and the everyday table causes a different attitude to it;
- typological function of things - sample row, it represents a whole class of things;
- Representative function of things -
representation of a person in the outside world;
- Decorative function (as part of the objective environment) Things is a scenery, against which our activity passes.
And if engineering design gives a constructive solution of the thing, the artistic design is organized by the form of the subject on the basis of all its connections and functions. The form of the product has a certain independence, it is designed not only to show the function, but also make an aesthetic effect.
When designing the product, it is necessary that it was:
1) technologicallythat is, manufactured with the lowest time, labor, means and materials;
2) durablethat is, to withstand a given load without destruction;
3) reliablethat is, perfectly work for a long time;
4) economicalthat is, in the process of manufacture does not require additional costs.
In the manufacture of several parts from one billet, it is important that they work as much as possible, and for this it is necessary to take into account their correct (economical) accommodation and markup.
Let's consider examples of marking and design options. Figure 13 page 23 tutorial.
What do you think, which one is optimal and why? (Responses of students.)
If the product is made of wood, then this is:
a) uneconomically;
b) fragile;
c) marked top.
Conclusion: the option of making from multilayer plywood is the best option.
One of the conservation of design is modeling.
Model- Reduced or enlarged copy of the product designed to show its device and the principle of operation.A model is created as this product according to sketches, technical drawings and drawings. Figure 14 page 24 textbook.
The teacher demonstrates various models (from the workshop available).
III.
Practical work (50 - 60 min)
Tasks:
1) from the groups proposed by the teacher for designing students need to construct the model (selecting models arbitrary), (5 minutes)
2) From the examples represented by the teacher, choose the best, in your opinion, the version of the handle for a joinery and plumbingtool and make it on wood turning machine, (40 min)
3) Invite other product options.
A teacher before starting to perform a practical task reminds of safety rules when working with cutting and stabbing tools and on safety rules when working on a turning machine.
1.
Carefully handle the cutters as having a sharp blade.
2.
Before turning on the machine, make sure that it is working and there is a protective casing, and the tool is correctly sharpened and has a firmly planned handle.
3.
The billet should be selected without cracks and bitch and is firmly fixed on the machine.
4.
It is necessary to work in protective glasses, in working clothes and fastened sleeves, in the headdress.
5.
During the operation of the machine, it is forbidden to measure the workpiece, move the girlfriend and clean the machine.
6.
It is necessary to hold the cutter at sharpening only with two hands.
The teacher reports the content of this lesson: students should familiarize themselves with the main tools used in the process of manufacturing the product to master the work of work, as well as consolidate the skills and skills of practical work.
In a conversation with six-graders, the teacher consolidates the concept of deformation as a process of changing the body shape under the action of the applied force. Pupils give the definition of force as a physical value that characterizes the effect of one body to another, recognize various types of deformation in the process of sharpening: at the first moment happenscompression material, thenshift and slice wood fibers. As a result of the occurrence of these deformations, the chips are removed. The essence of the turning process teacher explains on the basis of physical concepts:rotary trafficblanks I. protective trafficthe cutter causes the deformation of the material of the workpiece and removal of chips.
Saying technical information, the teacher notes that the markup is a responsible operation, the quality of the product obtained, as well as the amount of consumable material depends on its accuracy.
Then students mark the blanks for their parts. At this stage of the lesson, the teacher should pay special attention to the organization of the workplace, the correctness of the fulfillment of work techniques, compliance with the rules of safety of labor. In case of identifying the same type of errors, stop the work and carry out the current instruction. In the course of his students reported which types of marriage can occur when the workpiece is marked due to improper implementation of certain techniques, explain the causes of marriage and the way to warn it. It should be especially noted that poor-quality markup can make the impossible assembly of the product due to the inconsistency of the size of the parts of the details. Ultimately, this leads to great losses of materials and working time, a decrease in labor productivity, therefore, students submit to the conclusion that the production markup profession is very important and responsible; it requires deep technical knowledge to work with complex devices and adaptations high-performance tool.
After the teacher was convinced that the students correctly completed the markup, he gives them permission to install blanks into the lathe for the first group and on the drilling on the boring machine the second group.
Then students proceed to practical work. Before starting, her teacher reminds how to correctly fix the workpiece on the lathe, shows how to keep the cutter and install the girlfriend of the machine. It demonstrates the working position, explains what should be the movement of the cutter at different stages of work, what safety safety rules must be observed during operation.
Noting the difficulty of performing individual operations, the teacher stops on the role of adaptations in the process. The use of them allows to increase labor productivity, improve the quality of products, make the work more interesting and less tedious. You can call some of the devices that will use and students in their work, explain their purpose and device.
After making sure that students learned the rules for the safety of labor, the teacher allows them to start performing the task: at a pre-performed markup, make the turning of blanks (drilling).
During work, the teacher is bypassing jobs, monitors the correctness of work techniques, compliance with the rules of labor safety, etc., if necessary, assists with separate students. In case of identifying errors or difficulties characteristic of many guys, stops and conducting the current instruction.
In addition to the skills of the right labor actions, students should be formed by the ability to evaluate the quality of individual operations. In part, this can be done by conducting a special briefing during practical work. However, one teacher is not able to provide the necessary assistance to each student in identifying and eliminating their mistakes. Practice shows that one of the effective methodological techniques that contribute to the achievement of this goal is the interconnection of students by the teacher. For example, in the manufacture of handles for the tool, schoolchildren can with the help of the measuring line and caliper to check the dimensions of the parts manufactured by them indicated in the drawing.
Slowing blanks in length, students according to technological maps perform their sharpening and markup under the specified size. However, before proceeding to the last operation, they must check the correctness of the markup.
During the practical work on the strip of wood, the student establishes the causes of the heating of the cutter and the parts during wood processing, determine the methods of heat transfer: heating of the cutter and blank- thermal conductivity; Cooling - theyconvection.
When working according to the drawings of the details, the teacher checks the skills of students to read the drawings and analyze the design elements of products. For example, reading the drawings of six hundred students must be performed in such a sequence: defining drawing inscriptions, a common part of the part, its elements and sizes.
When analyzing the structural elements, teenagers determine the ends, ledges, spikes, borders, chamdes and other parts. As well as geometric shapes of ends and ledges, burtics, conical chamishes and shaped surfaces formed by a combination of various surfaces.
At the end of the class teacher, together with several students (they perform the functions of controllers) checks the accuracy and quality of surface treatment and sums up. He marks the guys who have successfully completed the task, shows the most successful products, as well as products with separate disadvantages, explains the reasons for their appearance.
IV. The outcome of the lesson.
·
Estimate the answers and work of students,(5 minutes)
·
Cleaning the premises of the workshop,(10 min)
Homework:
choose the material and prepare small messages on the topic "It is useful to know and be able to". Develop sketches in your product options.
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plan Abstract Technology lesson in grade 6.docx
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Znamenskaya Secondary School №1
Minussky District, Krasnoyarsk Territory
Developed: Teacher Technology N.A. Vitutnov
Annotation to work: Plan-abstract lesson technology in grade 6
Purpose:
Tasks lesson:
Plan-abstract lesson technology in grade 6
Topic: Sequence of design and simulation of wood products
Purpose: examine with students elements and sequence of designing and modeling products.
Tasks lesson: The assimilation of new knowledge and development of cognitive abilities, mastering the appropriate skills and skills, the development of creative thinking.
Equipment in the classroom: Samples of wood products, tables with graphic images, sets for design and modeling, computer, projector, screen.
Equipment in the study workshop: tD-120 wood processing lathes, measuring rules, squares, caliper, chisels for turning works - for the first link. Billets for brushes, ruler, pencils, sewn, drilling machine, kapron thread, chisels, hammers - for the second link.
Duration: 2 lessons for 45 minutes.
Structural stages of the lesson:
Greeting teacher, checking attendance class(3 min)
I. Introductory part. Repetition of the material passed (5 - 7 min)
1. Conversation on questions:
"What you need to know about the details for its manufacture? What types of graphic images do you know? What is the graphic image call a technical pattern? drawing? sketch? What do they differ from each other? After listening to the responses of students, the teacher clarifies, complements and evaluates them.
2. Didactic exercise "We read and discuss wise thoughts."
Description. On the board recorded statements about the work of outstanding personalities.
The teacher reads them expressively, then suggests students to independently reflect on them and express its opinion, attitude to their content, invested meaning.
On the desk:
Better perfectly perform a small part of the case than
make bad ten times more.
Aristotle
Who works with love, he makes poetry for all work.
N. G. Chernyshevsky
True treasure for people - the ability to work.
Aesop
Only work gives the right to enjoy life.
N. A. Dobrolyubov
3. Topics and lesson target.
P. Presentation of software material (8 - 10 min)
Illustrative story.
Teacher . In technology, it is very important if not the main thing - to develop a perfect technical design. Constructive solution of the thing performs engineering design.
Design - This is the development of the product design. Designing is a complex and multi-operation technological process that includes:
visual representation of the product;
drafting sketches, technical drawings, drawings;
selection of the required material;
making a prototype;
test for strength and efficiency;
elimination of defects.
To get a beautiful product, at the same time, the simple and safe in operation, as well as fashionable, the constructor has to consider many product options, take into account the complex of functional conditions and requirements (ease of use, maximum compliance with the conditions of operation, the creation of a harmonious holistic form, high aesthetic qualities). Multivariate in design callvariatives . Variability inherentdesign Products - its designs and appearance ("design" in translation from English means "plan, project, drawing").
The variability of possible design solutions and decoration is presented in Figure 12 Page 22 of the textbook.
Any thing, from a simple working tool to the most complex instruments, from children's toys to the spacecraft,it acts as an element of a complex system, in the center of which is a person. The design can begin with the modernization of the old or creating a new thing, but its work is completed by the aesthetic organization of the entire objective environment and the coordination of the "Second Nature" - the generation of technology with natural nature into one harmonious integer.
Try to answer the question: What is the difference between design from engineering design?(Responses of students.)
Now let's try to figure out together. The designer is looking for harmony of functions and forms in accordance with the peculiarities of human perception. His approach to things is much wider than the designer. It takes into account the diverse functions of the thing:
Purpose- the ability to satisfy a certain human need; For example, a spoon - a device for eating, a tape recorder - recording reproduction device;
Communicative function of things - as it were, a collective message of the manufacturer to future consumers; products will judge the descendants of the level of development of our production;
The modeling function of the thing organizes the consumer behavior; So, the conveyor sets one mode of operation, an individual machine - another; The same dishes for the festive and the everyday table causes a different attitude to it;
The typological function of the thing is a sample of a row, it represents a whole class of things;
Representative function of things- representation of a person in the outside world;
The decorative function (as part of the objective environment) is a scenery, against which our activity passes.
And if engineering design gives a constructive solution of the thing, the artistic design is organized by the form of the subject on the basis of all its connections and functions.The form of the product has a certain independence, it is designed not only to show the function, but also make an aesthetic effect.
When designing the product, it is necessary that it was:
1) technologically that is, manufactured with the lowest time, labor, means and materials;
2) durable that is, to withstand a given load without destruction;
3) reliable that is, perfectly work for a long time;
4) economical that is, in the process of manufacture does not require additional costs.
In the manufacture of several parts from one billet, it is important that they work as much as possible, and for this it is necessary to take into account their correct (economical) accommodation and markup.
Let's consider examples of marking and design options. Figure 13 page 23 tutorial.
What do you think, which one is optimal and why?(Responses of students.)
If the product is made of wood, then this is:
a) uneconomically;
b) fragile;
c) marked top.
Conclusion: the option of making from multilayer plywood is the best option.
One of the conservation of design ismodeling.
Model - Reduced or enlarged copy of the product designed to show its device and the principle of operation.A model is created as this product according to sketches, technical drawings and drawings. Figure 14 page 24 textbook.
The teacher demonstrates various models (from the workshop available).
III . Practical work (50 - 60 min)
Tasks:
1) from the groups proposed by the teacher for designing students need to construct the model (selecting models arbitrary),(5 minutes)
2) From the examples represented by the teacher, choose the best, in your opinion, the version of the handle for a joinery and plumbingtool and make it on wood turning machine,(40 min)
3) Invite other product options.
A teacher before starting to perform a practical task reminds of safety rules when working with cutting and stabbing tools and on safety rules when working on a turning machine.
Carefully handle the cutters as having a sharp blade.
Before turning on the machine, make sure that it is working and there is a protective casing, and the tool is correctly sharpened and has a firmly planned handle.
The billet should be selected without cracks and bitch and is firmly fixed on the machine.
It is necessary to work in protective glasses, in working clothes and fastened sleeves, in the headdress.
During the operation of the machine, it is forbidden to measure the workpiece, move the girlfriend and clean the machine.
It is necessary to hold the cutter at sharpening only with two hands.
The teacher reports the content of this lesson: students should familiarize themselves with the main tools used in the process of manufacturing the product to master the work of work, as well as consolidate the skills and skills of practical work.
In a conversation with six-graders, the teacher consolidates the concept of deformation as a process of changing the body shape under the action of the applied force. Pupils give the definition of force as a physical value that characterizes the effect of one body to another, recognize various types of deformation in the process of sharpening: at the first moment happens compression Material, thenshift and slice wood fibers. As a result of the occurrence of these deformations, the chips are removed. The essence of the turning process teacher explains on the basis of physical concepts:rotary traffic Blanks I. protective trafficthe cutter causes the deformation of the material of the workpiece and removal of chips.
Saying technical information, the teacher notes that the markup is a responsible operation, the quality of the product obtained, as well as the amount of consumable material depends on its accuracy.
Then students mark the blanks for their parts. At this stage of the lesson, the teacher should pay special attention to the organization of the workplace, the correctness of the fulfillment of work techniques, compliance with the rules of safety of labor. In case of identifying the same type of errors, stop the work and carry out the current instruction. In the course of his students reported which types of marriage can occur when the workpiece is marked due to improper implementation of certain techniques, explain the causes of marriage and the way to warn it. It should be especially noted that poor-quality markup can make the impossible assembly of the product due to the inconsistency of the size of the parts of the details. Ultimately, this leads to great losses of materials and working time, a decrease in labor productivity, therefore, students submit to the conclusion that the production markup profession is very important and responsible; it requires deep technical knowledge to work with complex devices and adaptations high-performance tool.
After the teacher was convinced that the students correctly completed the markup, he gives them permission to install blanks into the lathe for the first group and on the drilling on the boring machine the second group.
Then students proceed to practical work. Before starting, her teacher reminds how to correctly fix the workpiece on the lathe, shows how to keep the cutter and install the girlfriend of the machine. It demonstrates the working position, explains what should be the movement of the cutter at different stages of work, what safety safety rules must be observed during operation.
Noting the difficulty of performing individual operations, the teacher stops on the role of adaptations in the process. The use of them allows to increase labor productivity, improve the quality of products, make the work more interesting and less tedious. You can call some of the devices that will use and students in their work, explain their purpose and device.
After making sure that students learned the rules for the safety of labor, the teacher allows them to start performing the task: at a pre-performed markup, make the turning of blanks (drilling).
During work, the teacher is bypassing jobs, monitors the correctness of work techniques, compliance with the rules of labor safety, etc., if necessary, assists with separate students. In case of identifying errors or difficulties characteristic of many guys, stops and conducting the current instruction.
In addition to the skills of the right labor actions, students should be formed by the ability to evaluate the quality of individual operations. In part, this can be done by conducting a special briefing during practical work. However, one teacher is not able to provide the necessary assistance to each student in identifying and eliminating their mistakes. Practice shows that one of the effective methodological techniques that contribute to the achievement of this goal is the interconnection of students by the teacher. For example, in the manufacture of handles for the tool, schoolchildren can with the help of the measuring line and caliper to check the dimensions of the parts manufactured by them indicated in the drawing.
Slowing blanks in length, students according to technological maps perform their sharpening and markup under the specified size. However, before proceeding to the last operation, they must check the correctness of the markup.
During the practical work on the strip of wood, the student establishes the causes of the heating of the cutter and the parts during wood processing, determine the methods of heat transfer: heating of the cutter and blank- thermal conductivity; Cooling - theyconvection.
When working according to the drawings of the details, the teacher checks the skills of students to read the drawings and analyze the design elements of products. For example, reading the drawings of six hundred students must be performed in such a sequence: defining drawing inscriptions, a common part of the part, its elements and sizes.
When analyzing the structural elements, teenagers determine the ends, ledges, spikes, borders, chamdes and other parts. As well as geometric shapes of ends and ledges, burtics, conical chamishes and shaped surfaces formed by a combination of various surfaces.
At the end of the class teacher, together with several students (they perform the functions of controllers) checks the accuracy and quality of surface treatment and sums up. He marks the guys who have successfully completed the task, shows the most successful products, as well as products with separate disadvantages, explains the reasons for their appearance.
IV . The outcome of the lesson.
Estimate the answers and work of students,(5 minutes)
Cleaning the premises of the workshop,(10 min)
Homework: choose the material and prepare small messages on the topic "It is useful to know and be able to". Develop sketches in your product options.
R E C E N Z E N T
C O S T A V I T E L b
Yu. V. Slakin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department "Technology of Industrial and Artistic Treatment of Materials"
The educational and methodological benefits formulated the requirements that exchange work on the discipline "The technology of manufacturing artworks from wood and wood materials", determined the volume and procedure for performing settlement and graphic works, instructions on the design of the drawings, the principles of calculating the necessary materials and components on Unit of product.
© Izhevsky State
technical University, 2014
© Sanokin Yu. V., Drawing up 2014
Introduction
The appointment of the course work on the discipline "Technologies for the manufacture of articles of wood and wood materials" is to consolidate the knowledge of students obtained at lectures according to these courses, and give them some skills in the design of art products from wood and wood materials.
The purpose of the discipline is to study the methods of designing and technologies of their application in the development of various types of furniture and interior items.
When studying disciplines, the following tasks are solved:
Familiarity with the constructive and technological features of the manufacture of furniture items;
Justification of the choice of type of compounds, their design and calculation;
Drawing up drawings and other design and technological documentation for the product;
Assessment of the artistic and aesthetic significance of the decision.
Having received a task to fulfill the course work, deciding with the topic, students represent the options for artistic products in the form of sketches, sketches, sketches. Rational, technological and durable compounds are selected. As a topic of the course work, it is necessary to offer real draft products that can be used in a person's life, carry a functional or decorative role in the interior or exterior.
Each work should differ in uniqueness, exclusivity. But at the same time, the projected product can be offered in small-sector or mass production. The product being developed should be safe, ergonomic, aesthetic, easy to operate, repair and maintain for the buyer.
When developing a product, the following requirements must be taken into account:
Relevance, novelty, relevance of the product;
Modern design;
Durability, reliability, durability;
Manufacturability;
Functionality;
Efficiency (use of available materials and simplicity of manufacturing products).
When designing, students should rely on various design methods, methods for processing materials, use modern materials and technologies, take into account the latest developments in the design and design of furniture. In the process of designing, students attend consultations, report on the work performed before the head that verifies the correctness of the decision, assists and provides recommendations on constructive design, manufacturing technology, drawing up drawings and other design documentation.
General provisions
Design objects are various types of furniture, interior items. When studying the course "The technology of manufacturing art products from wood and wood materials", a student is a term work, which contributes to the deepening of the theoretical knowledge of the student, the acquisition of the design of products from wood and wood materials, working with standards, regulatory reference and practical solution of the engineering profile tasks .
Course work consists of several sections that are performed in the following sequence:
1) development of the product design;
2) calculation of materials on one product;
3) development of the technological process;
4) Choosing technological equipment.
When designing furniture products, students should solve a number of tasks, such as:
a) selection of the type of product and its architectural and decoration;
b) product dimensions;
c) applied materials;
d) the design of the product, the manufacturability of its production under conditions of individual and small-sector industries;
e) ease of use of the product;
e) strength and durability, etc.
Before proceeding with the design of the product, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the designs and features of similar products, as well as know various types of parts of wood and wood materials.
The task may be a research and research and must be associated with modern developments in the field of various technologies for the manufacture of furniture, its elements, decoring methods, equipment for the manufacture of products or furniture elements.
Course work begins with the preparation of the technical task on the designed product or device.
Having received the task of the course work, students on literary sources, gta stations, typical projects, catalogs, journals, exhibits of exhibitions and museums, patents and copyright certificates for industrial samples get acquainted with the designs of similar products.
In the process of familiarization refer to:
Appointment of the product, the conditions for its operation;
The design of the product and its main nodes, the materials of the product details and the nature of their processing;
Types of compounds, options for performing compounds of individual parts, their advantages and disadvantages;
Methods of calculating furniture and its assemblies for strength;
Sequence of assembly (disassembly) of the product;
Selection of protective and decorative coating;
Product manufacturing technology;
Packaging, transportation of the product;
Graphic design and composition of the project.
The technical task can be selected from the sections:
- "Furniture from wood materials";
- "Furniture from natural wood";
- "Furniture using metal elements (on metal frame)";
- "Transformed Furniture";
- "Foldable Furniture";
- "Furniture with the use of bent or bent-glued elements."
Exemplary topics for coursework:
- "Development of a chair design" (for example, bar design, with turning elements, with soft elements, folding chair, etc.);
- "Development of the structure of the shelf" (for example, with bent or bent-glued elements, an open design or with doors, etc.);
- "Development of a chair" (for example, a rocking chair, a soft chair, a wicker chair, with bent or bent-glued elements, etc.);
- "Development of the design of the table" (for example, sliding, kitchen, written, bedside, journal, etc.);
- "Development of the design of the serving table."
Having studied the materials, students constitute the technical task on the designed product. The technical task establishes the main purpose, the technical characteristics of the projected product, quality indicators and technical and economic requirements for the product being developed, the fulfillment of the necessary stages of development of design documentation, its composition, as well as special requirements for the product. Based on the official purpose, production of production and manufacturing manufacturing is given a choice of the design of the product, the materials of its details. The loads acting in the connecting places of individual nodes and elements are considered. The parameters of the product taken in the technical task, its parts are confirmed by calculations.
Course work consists of an illustrative and graphic part and the calculating and explanatory note.
Illustrative-graphic work includes a drawing, a sketch or three-dimensional model of an artistic product, its assembly drawing (with an accommodation on the assembly drawing of axonometric projections of the product), 2-3 drawing of assembly units, drawings of parts (as agreed with the manager) and the layout made in reduced scale (M 1: 5 or 1:10). Assembly drawing can be modified and presented in the form of product templates in three projections and in full size.
The volume of the calculation and explanatory note should be at least 30-40 sheets of format 210 × 297 mm (A4). The text is dialing on a computer Times New Roman font, font size 14, one-time interval.
The explanatory note should include the following sections:
"Introduction";
"Art section" (technical description of the product);
"Project section" (design and materials);
"Technological section" (Structural scheme and specification of components of the product);
"Calculation of materials and components for one product";
"Conclusion (conclusions for work);
"Bibliography";
"Appendices" (sketches, search versions of the product being developed, design and technological documentation, etc.).
In the introduction, the relevance of the developed artistic product is justified, the relevance of its design and production based on the study of the market situation, the prospects for the development of supply and demand. The purpose of the project development, the basic requirements for the product: modern design, convenience of assembly and ease of operation, manufacturability of manufacturing and efficiency of production.
The artistic section discusses similar subjects of the course of the product, their design, methods of connecting elements. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of prototypes, it is proposed its own idea that is distinguished by the novelty, modern design, efficiency, technologicality, etc. The technical description of the product is performed. There is a general view and main dimensions.
The design section substantiates the design of the product, taking into account the requirements of the task for design - aesthetics, functionality, technological and efficiency of production. The device is described and, if necessary, its work. The materials of the parts of the product, compounds, protective and decorative coatings are selected. The sequence of assembling the product, individual nodes, the method of packaging and transporting the product.
The technological section describes the technological processes of manufacturing the product, equipment and tools for manufacture are selected, the technology of obtaining compounds is considered, compound calculations are carried out.
In the section "Calculation of materials and components for one product" are given: cutting of slab and sheet materials; Calculation of adhesive materials, hardware products, components.
In conclusion, it is described which artistic and technical solutions adopted in the course work ensured the requirements of the design task: the demand of the product, modern design, manufacturability, etc. The conclusions are given.
The list of literature indicates those sources that were directly used in the design and design of the product. Registration of the literature is carried out in accordance with the Bibliographic Description Standard (GOST 7.1-2003).
The appendix provides drawings and product specifications, search options, etc.
Registration of the settlement and explanatory note
Insert the manuscript in the text documents, individual words, formulas, conditional signs, as well as perform illustrations should be black ink, paste or ink.
Sections, as well as subsections, may consist of one or more items.
If the document does not have subsections, the numbering of items in it should be within each partition and the point number is divided by a point. At the end of the point number, the point is not placed, for example:
1. Types and main sizes
Numbering of the items of the first section of the document
2. Technical requirements
Numbering of the items of the second section of the document
Tables must be placed in the text after paragraphs containing the link to them, or as close as possible to the link. It is allowed to place the tables no further than next after the page link. If tables are more than one, they are numbered. Numbering is allowed through or by sections (chapters).
In front of the table (right) the word is printed Table. The point after the table number is not installed. The table name is printed in the center of the next line.
Illustrations are closely related to the text, they explain and facilitate the perception of text. They must be positioned as close as possible to the place of reference, preferably on the same page. In the text notes, the link must be referenced. Numbering of drawings through or by sections (chapters). The drawings must be provided with dynamic inscriptions, for example:
Fig. one. Sketch of products with basic sizes
With references to illustrations, tables, chapters, sections with their number in the text of the note are required reduction; without specifying the number these words ( figure, Table, Chapter And so on) they write in the text completely.
Formulas in the explanatory note are placed in the middle of the line, after the formula they put a comma, the word write from the new line where And they give a list of all the symbols used in the formula with the decoding of their value and the indication of the dimension. The list is placed in the form of a column or in the selection, the symbol is separated from its decryption sign "-". Numbering formulas - Arabic numbers in the right edge.
Example
With bending of rectangular samples, the focused power of elastic stresses in the extreme stretched fibers are determined by the formula
where R - bending force, n; L.- distance between supports, mm; b. - sample width, mm; h. - sample height, mm.
Registration of the title leaf
Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
"Izhevsky State Technical University
name M.T. Kalashnikova "
(FGBOU VPO "IZGTU named after M.T. Kalashnikov")
Department "Technology of industrial and artistic processing of materials"
Estimated note
to the course work
by discipline
"Technologies for the manufacture of art products from wood and
wood materials "
Subject __________________________
Performed: _______________ Surname I. O.
student, group
Checked: _______________ Surname I. O.
scientist title, position
Izhevsk 20 g
Requirements for furniture subjects
The furniture objects are presented with a set of requirements of the following nature:
- operational;
- functional;
- artistic and aesthetic;
- technical and economic.
The operational requirements include the requirements of high strength, forms and durability of products.
Functional requirements determine the rationality of the design in the form, size and convenience of using the product.
The artistic and aesthetic requirements include the external and interior decoration of products, color gamut, harmonicity of this product with other facilities of the room.
The technical and economic requirements include the requirements of the smallest material consumption, the processability of the structure, the low cost of products and their high quality.
Product requirements also depend on their species, destination and operating conditions that need to be considered when designing.
Furniture items made of wood and wood materials are a lot.
For appointment, furniture is divided:
- on household - sleeping, dining room, living room, kitchen, children's, utility, built-in, etc.;
- For public buildings - school, medical, theater, trading, etc.
Kitchen furniture is operated under conditions where temperature and humidity are constantly changing. The working surfaces of the tables of tables can be in contact with various aggressive substances (salt, acid, alkali), besides, food is prepared on them. Therefore, kitchen furniture needs to be made with opaque resistant coatings of light tones.
This circumstance allows the designer to apply lower-grade and cheap wood and woody materials for kitchen furniture and use the most simple ways to connect parts and assembly units. By hygienic considerations, kitchen furniture should be simple, with a smaller number of protrusions to facilitate care for it. The same requirements are presented to medical furniture.
School furniture, in addition to general requirements, are presented with special demands that take into account different growth of students. Such furniture should be transforming.
For parts of a complex shape, bent elements made of solid wood and bent-glued elements from a veneer are used. Natural and synthetic veneer or ready-made laminated plates are used for lining.
In each case, the designer must study and know the requirements for this type of product.
Manufacturability of products
At the design stage of the product design, it is necessary to take into account the manufacturability of the product, which is characterized by the cost of labor, means, materials, time and overall efficiency of the organization of the product production process at all its stages.
Laying high manufacturability of the product At the stage of its design, it is possible to ensure the increase in the effectiveness of all subsequent stages of organizing its production in increasing labor productivity and the possibility of increasing product output without additional costs of funds and time.
Practice shows that about 80% of the production level of the product is achieved in the development of sketch and technical projects, and 20% - at the stage of the prototype to serial production of the product. The manufacturability of the product is a comprehensive component, the main indicators of which are complexity and technological cost.
All calculations are reduced to the tables (settlement statements). The initial data for calculations are drawings on the product, as well as the specification of the component parts of the product.
Specification for materials
Based on the calculations, the specification is compiled on materials that can serve as an application for the completion of materials for the manufacture of the product. The specification is drawn up on table. 13.
Table 13 -Specification of timber for manufacture (number and name of the product)
| No. p / p | Name of material | GOST | Breed type | Variety | Dimensions, mm. | number | |||
| length | width | thickness | m 3, m 2 | PC. | |||||
It should be borne in mind that about 65% of large lumps and waste in the form of chips can be used in the production of chipboard, souvenir products, toys and other small products, as well as fuel.
Calculation of adhesive materials
Calculation of the flow of adhesive materials is performed in a specific sequence:
- the area of \u200b\u200bthe gluing surface is calculated in the product of complexity groups;
- the type of glue and gluing conditions are determined;
- According to the flow rate of the adhesive, the need for adhesive materials for the manufacture of the product is calculated.
The calculation of surface gluing areas are performed according to Table. fourteen.
Table 14 -Calculation of glued surfaces on ______________________
(product name)
| Mark glue | Method of gluing | The method of applying glue. The name of the details on which glue is applied | Name of glued parts | Sizes of gluive surfaces, mm | Number of surface surfaces | Number of parts in the product, pcs | Single surface area, m 2 | Area in the product, m 2 | |
| length | width | ||||||||
Calculation of the flow of adhesive materials is performed according to the table. 15, 16.
Table 15 -Consumption standard of glue, kg / m 2
Table 16 -Calculation of the flow of adhesive materials on _______________________
(product name)
Design of design and technological
Documentation
Design and technological documentation mainly consists of drawings, tables, schemes. The main drawings are: assembly drawing, drawings of assembly units, drawings of parts.
Assembly unit - The product, composite parts of which are to be connected to each other in the manufacturer of assembly operations (swing, joint, ripping, welding, soldering, crimping, rolled, gluing, stacking, styling, etc.), for example: car assembly, part of the machine , telephone, micromodule, gearbox, welded body, plastic handwheel with metal reinforcement.
Assembly units also include:
Products for which the design provides disassembly to the components of the manufacturer, for example, for the convenience of packaging and transportation;
A combination of assembly units and (or) details having a general functional purpose and jointly installed at the manufacturer in another assembly unit, for example: electrical equipment of the machine, car, aircraft; A set of composite parts of a mortise lock (lock, shut-off, keys);
The combination of assembly units and (or) parts having a general functional purpose jointly laid at the manufacturer in the labeling facilities (case, box, etc.), which are provided to be used together with products laid in them, for example: ready-made, Flat-parallel length measures.
The assembly drawing must contain the smallest, but the required number of species, sections, cuts that give a complete picture of the product design. The assembly drawing indicates dimensional, connecting and installation dimensions, dimensions for references, positions of parts and assembly units, remote elements, conventions and simplifications.
Detail - the product manufactured from homogeneous on the name and brand of material without the use of assembly operations, for example: roller from one piece of metal, cast case; Plate of bimetallic sheet; printed circuit board; Flywheel from plastics (without fittings); Cable segment or wires set long. The same products subjected to coatings (protective or decorative), regardless of the type, thickness and purpose of the coating, or made using local welding, soldering, riveting, crosslinking, etc., for example, a screw exposed to chromium; tube, soldered or cooked from one piece of sheet material; Box glued from one piece of cardboard.
Work drawings are developing, as a rule, on all parts included in the product.
In the drawings of the details, the minimum, but clear number of species, sections, cuts that give a complete picture of the part form are indicated. All sizes required for the manufacture of the part are indicated (Fig. 3) or the compound performing (Fig. 4).
When drawing up drawings of parts from materials such as wood, metal, glass, etc., there are some differences and features. For example, if the glass is performed in the form of a table, in which the edges are not closed, but only processed, it is advisable in the drawing to indicate the deviation from parallelism and (or) perpendicularity for accurate manufacture parts.
Figure 3 -Drawing of wood details
Figure 4 -Designation of adhesive connection parts in the drawing
It is allowed not to perform drawings:
On parts made from a shaped or varietal material segment at a right angle, from a sheet material cutting around the circle, including with a concentric opening or around the perimeter of the rectangle without subsequent processing;
One of the parts of the product in the cases specified in the requirements for the implementation of certain types of assembly drawings;
Details of products with all-in-contact compounds (welded, soldering, riveted, glued, nail riveted, t. one image of such a detail on a free drawing field;
Details of products of single production, the shape and dimensions of which (length, radius of the bend, etc.) are installed at the place, for example: individual parts of fences and flooring, individual sheets of slaughtering frames and bulkheads, stripes, squares, boards and bars, pipes, and t . P.;
Purchased parts subjected to anti-corrosion or decorative coating that does not change the pairing nature with adjacent details.
The necessary data for the manufacture and control of parts that do not produce drawings indicate assembly drawings and in the specification.
In the drawings of the details and in the specification, the conditional designations of the material must comply with the designations set by the standards for the material. In the absence of standard, it is denoted by specifications.
It is allowed in the conventional designation of the material not to indicate the accuracy group, flatness, extractor, cutting edges, length and width of the sheet, the width of the ribbon and other parameters, if they do not affect the performance of the product (parts). In this case, the common sequence of data recording established by standards or technical conditions on materials should be saved.
In the main inscription drawing, the details indicate no more than one type of material. If the manufacture of material is provided for the manufacture of material substitutes, they indicate in the technical requirements of the drawing or technical specifications on the product.
If the shape and dimensions of all items are defined on the drawing of the finished part, the scan (image, the length of the sweep) does not lead.
When the image of a flexible part is made of flexible, does not give an act of valid form and sizes of its individual elements, the partial or complete scanning is placed on the drawing. On the scanning image, only those dimensions that cannot be specified on the image of the finished part are applied.
Rooms Positions
On the assembly drawing, all components of the assembly unit are numbered in accordance with the position numbers specified in the specification of this assembly unit. Rooms of positions are applied on the shelves of lines of calls conducted from images of components.
Position numbers indicate those images on which the corresponding components are projected as visible, as a rule, on the main types and replace them with cuts.
Position number is located parallel to the main inscription drawing outside the image contour and group in the column or line as possible on the same line.
The position number is applied in the drawing, as a rule, once. It is allowed to re-indicate the numbers of the positions of the same component parts.
The font size of the position numbers should be on one or two rooms more than the font size adopted for the dimensional numbers on the same drawing.
Scale drawings
When performing the drawing, the scale of scale must be used. It is recommended to use the following scales:
Scale of the decrease - 1: 2, 1: 2.5; 1: 4, 1: 5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:50, 1:75, 1:5: 100, 1: 200, 1: 400, 1: 500, 1: 800, 1: 1000;
Natural value - 1: 1;
Zoom scale - 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 10: 1, 20: 1, 40: 1, 50: 1, 100: 1.
Adhesive connections
Gluing join parts from homogeneous and heterogeneous materials. There are natural and synthetic adhesives, cold and hot curing adhesives.
Technology for creating adhesive compounds consists of:
From the preparation of the surfaces of parts by cleaning them from dust;
Degreasing and forming a rough surface;
Applying glue on the surface and assembly of the details of the connection;
Exposures of the compound at the required pressure and temperature.
Adhesive connections have a number of advantages:
The possibility of connecting parts from heterogeneous materials, including from thin-leaf, non-welded and soldering;
The tightness provided by the continuous adhesive film;
High corrosion resistance;
Good fatigue resistance.
The disadvantages of adhesive compounds include:
Low strength with uneven separation (sidier);
Limited heat resistance;
The dependence of the strength of the compound from the combination of materials of the above parts, the temperature of the gluing and working conditions;
The requirement of accurate fit of the surfaces of glued parts.
Depending on the design of the product and the purpose of glue seams, various loads are experiencing.
The design of adhesive compounds is similar to soldered. The gaps in threaded and butt compounds are formed due to the pressed parts during the gluing process. Depending on the viscosity of glue, the gaps are 0.05 ... 0.10 mm, for adhesives with fillers - 0.10 ... 0.20 mm.
In fig. 6 is an example of an adhesive compound designation in the GOST drawing. It is allowed to indicate the designation of glue, the size of the adhesive seam in the technical requirements of the drawing. In this case, the drawing itself shows an arrow with a symbol of adhesive seam.
Figure 6 -Adhesive connection on the swanks Round plug-in:
dimensions according to the drawing, the thickness of the glue layer is determined by the specified landing
When designing products, it is necessary to be guided by a competent selection of landings that can be with a gap, with a tension or transition. The reliability of the compound and product, durability, wear resistance, economy, etc. depends on the right choice, etc. landing is widely used in structural materials - metal and alloys, plastics, wood. A wide variety of landings is used in compounds of metal parts.
The accuracy of processing products
Under the accuracy of processing, the degree of compliance made by the Drawings made and specifications. It is characterized by parameters such as the accuracy of the size, the accuracy of the shape and roughness of the surface. In practice, the accuracy of processing is determined by distinction (error), i.e., the deviation of the parameters of the finished parts from the specified values. The interchangeability of parts, the strength of their compounds, the convenience of assembling and the quality of products and structures depend on the accuracy of processing.
Interchangeability is the property of manufactured parts to ensure their assembly to the product without additional fit. Interchangeability is achieved with strict compliance with the current tolerance and landing system.
The admission is called the difference between the greatest and lowest limits or the absolute value of the algebraic difference between the upper and lower disabilities.
Topic: Basics of design and simulation of wood products.
Slide number 1,2
Purpose:
Educational: explore the elements and sequence with students
construction and modeling products
Developing: develop the creative activity of students, learn
apply the knowledge gained in practice.
Educational: raise students accuracy, responsibility,
ability to use finished products in practice
Equipment and tools: carpentry workshop, carpentry
tools, markup tools.
During the classes
Organizing time.
Check availability to the lesson. Appointment of duty at workshop.
Repeat material passed.
Slide number 3. Conversation on questions: 1. What kind of form are the most common in woodworking? In woodworking, the parts of the prismatic shape and the round in cross section of the part (having a rotation axis), such as cylinders and cones, are most common. Prismatic shape have covers of tables and chairs, walls of boxes, bars of frames. Cylindrical or conical shape have a cutlery for a shovel, handles for ingots, scoops and files, round legs of tables and chairs and other products. 2. Let's remember where the creation of wood products start? (Product production work is starting with sketches, technical drawings and drawings). 3. What is a sketch? Technical drawing? The sketch is the conditional image of the part performed by the hand, but with the obligatory observance of the proportions of the elements of the details. The technical pattern is a three-sided three-sided image of the product. Slide # 4 4. Before you sketch or technical picture? Prove. (Technical drawing of the feeder, as it is a volumetric image of the product). 5. What drawings are called assembly? (Assembly drawing is an image of a product consisting of several parts). Slide number 5,6 6. Read the assembly drawing of the square. The square consists of a ruler and base, immobally glued together with the glue at an angle of 90 °. The base of the square has a groove in the end, which is inserted and the line is inserted. On the assembly drawing, only those species by which you can define the design of the product are depicted. For the assembly drawing of the coated, there will be two types: the main species (Fig. A) and the view of the left (Fig. B). In the lower right corner of the assembly drawing, the main inscription (Fig. D). It indicates the name of the product or assembly unit and the scale of the image. On the assembly drawing, only those sizes that need to be monitored when assembling the product are affixed. For the kitchen, this is dimensions: 150, 200 and 30 mm. (The word "envelope" translated from French means "the greatest value of the outline.") It is necessary to control the accuracy of the compound of parts 1 and 2 at an angle of 90 °. Above the main inscription or on separate sheets place the specification to the assembly drawing (Fig. B). It is made in the form of a table. It list all the details of the product, indicate the name, quantity and material of parts. (The word "specification" occurred from two Latin words - "Variety" and "I do.") When reading the assembly drawing, the content of the main inscription, the product name and the scale of the image are first studying. Then studies the purpose and principle of the product operation. According to the specification, the names of the parts and the materials from which they are made are made, they find them on all types of assembly drawing and clarify the form and design (device) of the product. Finally determine the methods of connecting parts and the sequence of their assembly.
Summary of software material.
Slide # 7-13 Designing - This is one of the stages of product creation. ("Construction" - translated from Latin means "device".)
Designing is part of the design and will be the necessary element of your future creative project.
Typically, the design is starting with the visual representation of the product, drawing up its sketches, technical drawings, drawings.
Then select the necessary materials.
Next, a prototype of the product or the product itself is made, they are experiencing it on strength and performance, we are finalized, and it is repeated many times, from one option to another, before creating the best product according to it.
In front of the developer (designer) in the process
constructions arises many product options. Multivariate in design call variatives. Variability inherent in both the design of the product and its appearance - design. (The word "design" translated from English means "plan, project, drawing.") In a narrow sense, the design is artistic design of the product. In fig. 1 shows the variability of design solutions for pencils.
A beautiful and fashionable product, thought out from the point of view of technical aesthetics (beauty), simplicity and safety of service and operation, has increased demand and is valued more expensive. That is why many product options work, until they find the most suitable.
Thus, various designs of tables, chairs, chairs and other wood products appeared.
Finally, the product must be technological (simple) in the manufacture, durable, reliable and economical.
Technologythey consider the product made with the lowest time of time, labor, means and materials.
Durable the product perceives the predetermined load without destruction.
Reliablethe product serves to be surely for a long time.
Economical they consider the product that does not require additional expenses when used.
Technological, strength, reliability and other properties are the basic principles of designing, manufacturing and operation of products.All of the above required properties products make up it quality. The quality product is firmly and securely in operation, convenient to operate. When designing products, it is very important to choose the necessary materials for them so that the product is durable and cheap, easily and quickly manufactured, complied with all the requirements for it.
In the manufacture of several parts from one billet, it is important that they are as much as possible and that they are durable. For example, it is not prohibited to produce products from the board, as shown in Fig. 2, a. If you take the frame markup circuit shown in Fig. 2, B, then all products will be defective (fragile), since their handles will fall over the fibers. According to the cutting scheme, (shown in Fig. 2, c), the top product will also be defective. But if the workpiece is a plywood, then the largest number of products we obtain according to the markup scheme shown in Fig. 2, c.
a B C
Fig. 2. Product marking schemes
Slide№14.
Modeling.One of the construction techniques is modlooking products. Model called a reduced or enlarged sample (copy) of the product that is manufactured to understand its device and the principle of operation. ("Model" - from the Latin "Measure, Sample, Norma." "Copy" - from the Latin "Mass".)
Everyone from childhood you like to build models of buildings, cars, tractors, boats and ships, paper airplanes. And this is just the models of existing structures and machines. The models you make can move, swim, fly.
Models, like real products, are made according to sketches, technical drawings and drawings.
-
Practical work.
Slide№15
Today we want to make rackets for table tennis, because they will be useful to us in physical education lessons. The racket can have any size, form, weight, but the base should be flat and solid. 85% of the base thickness should be wood. The outer surface of the racket, except the handle, should be matte, red on one side and black to another. The side of the racket used to strike the ball must be closed by pumped rubber with sampling outwards. (Show factory sample)
Designing the simplest productsfrom wood
Describe several options for the same product from the wood on the instructions of the teacher.
Perform technical drawings of the best product and drawings of its details.
Think whether your product will have sufficient strength, reliability; Will it be technologically?
What value is modeling for
developing your creative project?
What are the design of the product?
What is called variability?
What products are informous, durable, reliable, economical?
What products are qualitative?
What is called modeling and model?
What makes models make?
Fastening a new material.
Final part.
Checking variable student products. Self-esteem of their work.
Estimation. Cleaning jobs and premises masterfully
Designing products
From wood
Lecture course
Krasnoyarsk, 2011.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
GOU VPO "Siberian State Technological University"
Department of Woodworking Technology
L.V.Pakhnutova
Designing products
From wood
Lecture course
Directional direction
250400 Logging technology
and wood processing industries
Preparation profile
Woodworking technology
Qualification (graduate degree)
Bachelor
Form of study
Full-time abbreviation
Krasnoyarsk, 2011.
Designing products from wood: lectures for students for students of training 250400 Forestry and wood processing technology, woodworking technology profile, qualification (degree) of a bachelor graduate, full-time education / Sost training form. L.V.Pakhnutova. - Krasnoyarsk: SibGTU, 2011. - 40 s.
Compiler:
cand. tehn Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Woodworking Technology Pakhnutova L.V.,
It is recommended to students studying the basics of the design of wood products. It is of interest to specialists from various fields of technical sciences dealing with the problems of the professional development of woodworking specialists. Can be used in the retraining system and advanced training of teachers.
Approved at the meeting of the Department of Woodworking Technology
06/03/2011, Protocol No. 4
"___" ____________ 2011, Protocol No. ___
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Introduction ..................................................................... .. ...... | |
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Module 1 Fundamentals design of products from wood and wood materials .............................................................................. | |
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Topic 1.1 Stages of design of wood products ....... ...... .. | |
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Topic 1.2 Classification of wood products. Requirements for products from wood ................................................ | |
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Topic 1.3 Structure of wood products. Constructing rules ............................................................................................... . | |
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Topic 1.4 Layout of parts and assembly units in products from the wood ................................................................................ | |
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Module 2 Theoretical Basics of Design Precision ......... .. | |
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Topic 2.1 Interchangeability. GOST 6449 Wood and wood materials. Tolerances and landings……………………………………………… | |
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Topic 2.2 Processing Accuracy. Methods for determining processing errors .............................................................................. ... | |
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Topic 2.3 Limit Calibers in Woodworking ..................... ... | |
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Topic 2.4 Types of irregularities of processed surfaces ............ ... | |
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Topic 2. Methods for determining surface roughness. GOST 7016 Wood. Surface roughness parameters ............... .. ... | |
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Conclusion ........................................................................ | |
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Bibliographic list ............... .. .............................. .. ......... | |
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Appendix A (Reference). List of keywords ... .. .................. |