New Year. Presentation "New Year History of the holiday" - project, report Presentation on the topic New Year primary school

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Who are you, Santa Claus?

Name: Santa Claus.

He is: Grandfather Treskun, Moroz Ivanovich,

Frost Red Nose (Russia)

Appearance: a tall man with a snow-white beard. Wears a red or blue fur coat. He has a magic staff in his hands, with which he "freezes".

Character Earlier, Grandfather was stern. With age, the character of Santa Claus has changed for the better, and now the old man is perceived as a kind wizard with a bag of gifts.

Age: There are a lot of years for Santa Claus

Place of residence: Ancient Santa Claus, lived in an ice hut, where one could get, lives in the city of Veliky Ustyug.

Kind of activity:. he goes to the guests on New Year's Eve and the distribution of gifts. True, sometimes it requires the recipient to first recite the rhyme.

Vehicle: Moves, as a rule, on foot. Travels long distances - in a sleigh pulled by three white horses

The very first Santa Claus was Saint Nicholas. Leaving, he left the poor family who sheltered him with golden apples in a shoe in front of the fireplace

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Santa Claus around the world

Belgium, Austria - Saint Nicholas. .Germany - Weinachtsman. Spain - Papa Noel Italy - Babbo Natale. Kazakhstan - Kolotun Aha ... China - Shan Dan Laozhen.

Russia - Santa Claus. Romania - Mosh Jarile.

Serbia - Dada Mraz. USA - Santa Claus. Turkey Croatia - Deda Mraz. Uzbekistan - Noel Baba. Finland - Yolupukki. France - Père Noel.

Czech Republic, Slovakia - Mikulas. Japan - Segatsu-san.

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New year in Russia

In Russia, a wish is made at every blow of the chime. It is believed that these wishes will come true in the New Year. How will you celebrate the New Year - such a year will be. For this reason, quarrels and troubles should be avoided on New Year's. it is customary to wear new clothes, associated with the personification of the renewal of the year. there must certainly be money - then the whole year the family will not need it. New Year, as traditionally, was considered the most suitable time for fortune-telling. Interesting customs in other countries

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Quiz "Do you believe that ..."

Yes, since 1700 Peter 1 issued a decree to celebrate in the winter months

2. In Japan, at midnight, the bell starts ringing, which beats 108 times?

Yes, each ringing "kills" one of the human vices.

There are only 6 of them (greed, anger, stupidity, frivolity, indecision, envy),

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3. Do you believe that the first New Year's

did the postcard appear in London?

Yes, it was mailed by Henry Cole in 1843.

4. Do you believe that in Mongolia on the New Year it is customary to water each other with compote from

apples?
No.

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5.Do you believe that in Cuba there is such a tradition before the New Year to fill all

dishes with water, and with the onset of the holiday -

pour it out of the windows?

Yes. Before the New Year, people fill their glasses with water, and when the clock strikes twelve, they throw it out through the open window onto the street as a sign that the old year has ended happily and sins have been washed away.

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Do you believe that in China, with the beat of the clock, everyone runs to swim in the sea?

NO! In China, thousands of lanterns are lit during processions to light the way on New Years. The Chinese believe that the new year is surrounded by evil spirits. Therefore, they scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers. Sometimes the Chinese seal the windows and doors with paper to keep out evil spirits.

Shan Dan Laozhen (China)

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Poem

When the holiday comes

Nice and wonderful new year!

May it be bright and beautiful

Happiness and good luck will bring!

View all slides

Topic: History of the New Year holiday.

This event can be held as a class hour, as well as an extra-curricular event with primary school students.
Goals: To acquaint children with the history of the New Year holiday.
Develop students' curiosity.
Equipment: Power Point presentation, New Year songs.
Course of the lesson:

1. Organizational moment.

I have gifts in my bag
Caramels, chocolates.
Round dance around the tree
What a holiday? ... (New Year) (3 slide)
- Guys, who of you knows if our country always celebrated the New Year on January 1?
- The beginning of the year from January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. NS. (4 slide)
- This day was dedicated to Janus - the god of choice, doors and all beginnings. The month of January got its name in honor of the god Janus, who was depicted with two faces: one looking forward and the other looking back. (5 slide)
Gregorian calendar
- Most countries celebrate New Year on January 1, the first day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. (6 slide)
- Traditional Chinese New Year is timed to coincide with the winter new moon at the end of the full lunar cycle, which took place after the winter solstice (that is, on the second new moon after December 21). In the Gregorian calendar, this corresponds to one of the days between January 21st and February 21st.
- Until the 15th century in Russia, the new year began not from January, as at present, but from March (as in republican Ancient Rome) on the vernal equinox of March 20 or 21 (depending on the year). From the 15th century, the new year began on September 1. (7 slide)
- Each year corresponds to a certain animal. A 12-year cycle begins with the year of the Rat, then the year of the Ox comes, then the year of the Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Boar. (8 slide)
- Since 1700, according to the decree of Peter I, the New Year in Russia is celebrated, as in other European countries, on January 1 (according to the Julian calendar). (9 slide)
- Celebrating the New Year is a very significant holiday in many countries. And it is accompanied by a variety of variety events, feasts, festivities. (10 slide)
Christmas tree.
- Guess the next riddle.
All dressed up in toys
All in garlands and firecrackers.
Of course, this is ... (Christmas tree) (11 slide)
- Celebrating the New Year is a very significant holiday in many countries. And it is accompanied by a variety of variety events, feasts, festivities. According to tradition, a New Year tree is installed in the house.
- What toys are used to decorate the tree? (12 slide)
New Year's table.
- When celebrating the New Year, close people gather at the table. (13-14 slides)
- At 0 o'clock 0 minutes on January 1, the chimes strike. (15 slides)
- Let's hear how the chimes strike.
- With the first strike of the chimes, marking the arrival of the new year, it is customary to clink glasses of champagne and make a wish. (16 slide)
- What gifts would you like to receive for the New Year? It is customary to give gifts on New Years. (17 slide)
Father Frost.
Happy New Year,
All boys and girls.
And he gives us gifts
There they are: in the bag.
He is kind and bearded,
Red nose from frost.
Who is he, tell the children,
Loudly, amicably: (Santa Claus) (18 slide)
- Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character of East Slavic folklore. In Slavic mythology, he is the personification of winter frosts, a blacksmith who fetters the water.
- On New Year's Eve, Santa Claus comes and gives the children gifts that he brings in a bag behind his back. Often depicted in a blue, silver or red fur coat embroidered with patterns, in a hat (and not in a cap), with a long white beard and a staff in his hand, in felt boots. Rides a troika of horses, skiing or walking. (19 slide)
- The very first Santa Claus was Saint Nicholas. As he left, he left golden apples in a shoe in front of the fireplace to the poor family who had sheltered him. (20 slide)
- Santa Claus has a granddaughter - Snow Maiden (21 slides)
Pyrotechnics.
- When celebrating the New Year, various pyrotechnic products are actively used: firecrackers, Bengal candles and, in the last decade, fireworks, rockets, Roman candles, small and large firecrackers, etc. Currently, many capitals of the world or even individual countries spend millions of dollars to arrange a pyrotechnic show for the New Year. (22 slide)
Traditions in different countries of the world.(23 slide)
- In England, in addition to the Christmas tree, the house is decorated with sprigs of mistletoe. There are mistletoe bunches even on lamps and chandeliers. And according to custom, you can kiss the person standing in the middle of the room under a bunch of mistletoe. (24 slide)
- In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to get rid of old things. (25 slide)
- In Sweden, before the New Year, children choose the Queen of the World, Lucia. She is dressed in a white dress, a crown with lighted candles is put on her head. Lucia brings gifts to children and treats to pets: a cat - cream, a dog - a sugar bone, a donkey - a carrot. (26 slide)
- In France, Santa Claus - Per Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. Whoever gets a bean baked into a New Year's cake gets the title of "bean king", and on a festive night everyone obeys his orders. Wooden or clay figurines - santons - are placed near the tree. (27 slide)
- In Mexico, the New Year is celebrated with the fire of festive fireworks, firing from rocket launchers, and the ringing of special New Year's bells. And at midnight, children are handed delicious gingerbread dolls. (28 slide)
- In Japan, bells are rung 108 times on New Year's Eve. Each blow of the bell corresponds to one of the vices. There are six of them: greed, stupidity, anger, frivolity, indecision and envy, but each vice has 18 different shades, which in total is 108. (29 slide)
- In Spain, it is customary to eat 12 grapes at midnight. (30 slide)
Old New Year.(31 slides)
- Old New Year is a holiday celebrated in accordance with the New Year according to the Julian calendar (now on the night of January 13-14). It is noted in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Serbia, Switzerland and some other countries.

4. Summing up.

Now let's check how well you listened today.
Crossword.(32 slide)
1. What is the name of Santa Claus in France?
2. Who issued the order to celebrate the New Year in 1700?
3. On the night of January 13-14, what holiday is celebrated?
4. Who established the beginning of the year on January 1?
5. "The end of the year and the beginning of winter!"
- That's how they asked me a riddle.
6. Granddaughter of Santa Claus?
7. In which country is it customary to eat 12 grapes at midnight?
8. In which country on New Year's, children are given delicious gingerbread dolls?
Reflection.
Song "Christmas toys" (author Alexander Metzger) (slide 33)

Presentation on the topic: History of the holiday "New Year"

Description of the presentation for individual slides:

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It is difficult to find a person who would not love the New Year. From early childhood, the New Year is the most beloved, homely and warm holiday for each of us. Meanwhile, everything has its beginning.

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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from? The history of this wonderful holiday dates back at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, that for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year.

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During the excavation of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which was written: "The beginning of the new year." In ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (around the end of September). The Nile spill was very important because it was only thanks to him that grain grew in the dry desert. On New Year's Eve, statues of the god Amun, his wife, the sky goddess Mut, and his son, the moon god Khonsu, were placed in a boat. The boat sailed along the Nile for a month, which was accompanied by singing, dancing and fun. Then the statues were brought back to the temple. Amon Khonsu Mut Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Rome For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (now called Julian). Thus, the first day of January became the date for the New Year. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). One face of Janus was supposedly turned back to the last year, the other - forward to the new. The celebration of the New Year was called "kalends". During the holiday, people decorated houses and gave each other gifts and coins with the image of the two-faced Janus; the slaves and their owners ate and rejoiced together. The Romans made gifts to the emperor. At first this happened voluntarily, but over time, the emperors began to demand gifts for the New Year. Two-faced Janus

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Celts, the inhabitants of Gaul (the territory of modern France and parts of England) celebrated the new year at the end of October. The festival was called Samhain from "summer" s end. On New Years, the Celts decorated their dwellings with mistletoe to drive out ghosts. They believed that it was on New Years that the spirits of the dead were alive. New Years Celts The Celts inherited many Roman traditions. including the demand for New Year's gifts from the subjects. Usually jewelry and gold. Several centuries later, thanks to this tradition, Queen Elizabeth I amassed a huge collection of embroidered and jeweled gloves.

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New Year in Russia In Russia, New Year was celebrated on March 1. In the XIV century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. The last time the New Year on September 1 was celebrated in Russia with tsarist splendor in 1698. Dressing everyone with an apple, the king calling everyone a brother, congratulated everyone on the New Year, on new happiness. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, commanded "to count the summers from January 1," January.

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... And as a sign of good beginnings and fun, wish each other a Happy New Year, wishing well-being in matters and prosperity in the family. In honor of the New Year, decorate with fir trees, amuse children, sled from the mountains. And adults do not commit drunkenness and massacre - there are enough other days for that. "

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This is how the New Year came to us, with Christmas tree decorations, lights, bonfires (which Peter ordered to arrange at night from January 1 to January 7 by lighting resin barrels), the creak of snow in the cold, winter children's fun - sledges, skis, skates, snow women, Santa Claus, gifts ...

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I must say that the new New Year's customs took root among the Slavs pretty quickly, because earlier at that time there was another Christmas holiday. And many old rituals, merry carnivals, tricks of mummers, sleigh rides, midnight fortune-telling and round dances around the Christmas tree - fit well into the ritual of celebrating the New Year.

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HISTORY OF THE NEW YEAR TREE A tree - an integral attribute of winter holidays - also arrived in Russia along with Peter's reforms. However, the arriving "foreigner", though not immediately, but took root in the Russian land firmly - as if it had always grown here: from the branches that decorated the houses, a luxurious tree in a festive dress grew.

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By the middle of the 19th century, the winter beauty became familiar to the townspeople, although in the villages such an "ancient folk custom" was not yet known. But this tree was not yet New Year's - it was called Christmas and was decorated with toys, treats intended as a gift for guests, and candles, and its crown was crowned with an eight-pointed Christmas star - silver or gold. In Russian Orthodoxy, a tradition arose to decorate churches with coniferous branches on Christmastide days (from the Nativity of Christ to Epiphany), the tree itself became the prototype of the tree of paradise with the fruits of knowledge and the Tree of the Cross, and evergreen needles - a symbol of immortality. However, not everyone remembered about the symbolic side, and adults at Christmastime entertainments sometimes behaved worse than children ...

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The prototype of the modern Santa Claus was a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Mira. He was a very kind man, and after his death, Nicholas was declared a saint for his good deeds. But in the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. History made so much noise that Nicholas became an object of veneration and worship by Christians from around the world. In the Middle Ages, a custom was established: On Nikolin's day, December 19, to give gifts to children, just as the Saint did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the saint began to come to the children at Christmas, and only then on the New Year. In England and America - this kind saint is called Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas). Father Frost

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The ancestor of our dear Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, Moroz, Studenets. More often Frost preferred to have fun, crunching with snow, tapping on the walls of houses, forcing travelers to tremble from the cold (he especially loved to freeze those who sit in the sleigh, wrapped in a fur coat, and those who ran on foot or waved an ax were so easy for Frost) ... This is how Moroz appears in the literature of the 19th century. - "Frost Red Nose" by Nekrasov and old man Frost in Ostrovsky's "Snow Maiden". When Russia began to celebrate the New Year, an old grandfather with a beard and felt boots began to appear in houses. But then Santa Claus was not cheerful and good-natured. He had a sack in one hand and a stick in the other. Of course, he gave gifts, but only to smart and obedient children, the rest got a good deal of it with a stick. But the years passed, and Santa Claus grew wiser and older, stopped giving out cuffs, and simply intimidated naughty children with terrible tales.

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The traditional costume of Santa Claus did not appear immediately either. At first he was portrayed in a cloak. Santa Claus skillfully cleaned chimneys through which he threw gifts to children.

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But at the end of the 19th century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. What is he like now? A bit harsh in appearance. He wears a long fur coat and a high hat, with a beard, a staff and a bag with gifts in his hands. And the name "grandfather" is not just that, but because he has a granddaughter. Only our Santa Claus has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but a daughter. This happened thanks to the play by Alexander Ostrovsky "The Snow Maiden", which he created on the basis of a folk tale about a girl fashioned from snow and melted from the warm sun's rays. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter. The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl), dressed only in white clothes. No other color is allowed in traditional symbols. Her headdress is an eight-pointed crown, embroidered with silver and pearls.

Where did it come from and why do we celebrate this holiday? New Year holiday.

When was the New Year celebrated in Ancient Russia? What changes did Peter 1 make? How did this holiday change during Soviet times? A modern holiday. What is Old New Year?

In Ancient Russia, the holidays New Year and Maslenitsa were celebrated on the same day. Winter has been driven away - it means that the new year has come.

The Orthodox Church has moved the beginning of the year to September 1 to mark the end of the summer work.

In 1699, Peter 1 issued a decree that introduced a new chronology from the Nativity of Christ, and ordered the New Year to be celebrated in a European way - on January 1.

By the Tsar's decree, all residents of Moscow were ordered to celebrate the New Year: decorate houses with coniferous trees, light bonfires on New Year's Eve, congratulate each other, and set off fireworks.

After the death of Peter 1, they stopped erecting trees.

New Year's traditions were revived under Empress Catherine 2. The tree was decorated with nuts, sweets, apples and even vegetables. Wax candles burned on the branches, and the star of Bethlehem adorned the spruce head.

The shiny balls appeared on the tree 100 years ago.

In the 20s of the last century, the Bolsheviks forbade arranging Christmas trees and celebrating the New Year, considering it a "whim" of the rich.

In December 1935, the party leader P. Postyshev revived the holiday. The forest beauty has returned after years of oblivion. In 1954, the main Christmas tree of the country, the Kremlin, was lit for the first time.

5 minutes before the New Year, the President of Russia sums up the results of the past year and congratulates the citizens of the country on the New Year.

Fireworks have also become a New Year's Eve tradition.

What is Old New Year? The very name of this holiday indicates its connection with the old style of the calendar, according to which Russia lived until 1918, and switched to a new style by decree of Lenin.

The old style is the calendar introduced by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar (Julian calendar). The new style is the reform of the Julian calendar, initiated by Pope Gregory the Eighth. The Julian calendar was inaccurate. The difference between the old and the new style in the 20th century was 13 days. Accordingly, the day that was January 1 according to the old style became January 14 in the new Gregorian calendar. Celebrating the Old New Year, we are, as it were, partaking in history.

Russian proverbs about the New Year. Where the night spends the night, here the year goes by. A year ends, another begins. Endure grief for a week, and reign for a year. As you celebrate the New Year, so you will spend it. A year is not a week, all days are ahead.

Poems about the New Year. Who made these snowflakes? Who is responsible for the work? - I! -Said Santa Claus And grabbed my nose.

Santa Claus sent us a Christmas tree, he lit the lights on it. And the needles glisten on it, And there is snow on the branches!

The Christmas tree is dressing up - The holiday is approaching. New Year's at the gate, The Christmas tree is waiting for the kids.

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