Sergeants belong to the rank of junior commanders and represent the largest group of command personnel. They bear full responsibility for the successful completion of combat missions by the squad, crew, and crew; for training and education, military discipline and the moral and psychological state of subordinates. Speaking about the role of junior commanders, M. V. Frunze emphasized: “Junior command personnel form the basis on which the whole matter of discipline, combat soldering and combat training of the unit is based.”

Currently, the role of sergeants has increased even more. This is due to the increasing complexity of the tasks facing units and subunits, changes in the social image of the soldier, the transition to staffing units and subunits with contract soldiers, and the improvement of weapons and military equipment. The requirements for the training and education of soldiers have increased, but the time frame for their training has remained the same. This caused the need to increase the level of pedagogical culture and responsibility of commanders at all levels, and first of all those who directly develop the qualities of a warrior in soldiers.

Personnel education is carried out by sergeants during daily military service and combat training. They organize the service of their subordinates in accordance with the regulations, and ensure that the entire structure of military service instills in the personnel loyalty to the military oath.

One of the most important tasks of sergeants is to educate subordinates in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism, the willingness to give all their strength, and, if necessary, their lives to protect the interests of their Motherland. To do this, they themselves must be ready for selfless actions in the name of the interests of our Fatherland, to fulfill their official duty. Sergeants are responsible for the proper use and conservation of weapons and military equipment. To do this, they must know the material well, its operating rules, and instill in their subordinate soldiers a careful attitude towards their weapons and military equipment.

Sergeants help their subordinates study regulations and instructions, organize and serve with them on daily duty, conduct daily work to strengthen military discipline, and develop the ability to subordinate their actions and behavior to the requirements of general military regulations and orders of commanders. They are responsible for drill and physical training, for the safety of health and provision of everything necessary for their subordinates. The personal example of sergeants, their authority, high moral qualities, selfless attitude to work, and discipline are especially important here.

In this regard, junior commanders should strive to improve their pedagogical knowledge, develop methodological skills, and study best practices in working with people. The sergeant's duty is to be a skilled teacher and educator. Without this, it is impossible to achieve unity in the process of training and educating soldiers, aimed at preparing them to defend the Motherland.

The most important requirement for the military pedagogical process is to know and take into account national characteristics, traditions and customs

those peoples whose representatives are subordinates. In a multinational team, a sergeant is obliged to strictly follow the principles of national policy, to show special sensitivity, prudence and integrity, and concern for strengthening friendship and brotherhood between soldiers of different nationalities.

High demands are an integral quality of a commander, the basis of discipline and organization in a subordinate unit. It has nothing to do with rudeness, neglect, or humiliation of the dignity of a subordinate, which alienates the soldier from Sgt. Demanding standards must be constant, fair, equal to everyone, and respectful. Demandingness, combined with respect for subordinates, helps soldiers understand their tasks and mobilize forces for their successful implementation. Demandingness must be supported by strict control over the actions of subordinates, combined with skillful encouragement of conscientious work, with care for subordinates, with attentive attention to their needs.

Success in the work of sergeants largely depends on the extent to which they are aware of their personal duty and responsibility for the affairs and actions of their subordinates, improve their knowledge and experience, and wisely use the rights granted to them by military regulations.

Units and subunits become combat-ready if the departments and crews are well prepared and coordinated, if each serviceman clearly knows his duties and fulfills them flawlessly. The role of the sergeant, who personally teaches the soldier military skills and prepares excellent students and top specialists, is great in this.

1.2.3. Methodology for conducting individual educational work with military personnel of the squad (crew, crew)

IN In the practice of a sergeant's work, all sorts of situations constantly arise, which can only be resolved by skillfully possessing pedagogical knowledge. How to choose a means of educational influence on a subordinate? Talk privately with a soldier who has violated military discipline, or discuss his action at a meeting, remain silent about what happened or reprimand the soldier, forgive or punish? Only the sergeant who knows how to find the key to a person’s mind and heart, take into account his character traits, psychological characteristics - in a word, skillfully masters the methodology of individual educational work with people will do the right thing.

Individual educational work (IEW) is the systematic and purposeful influence of educators on those being educated, carried out taking into account their individual characteristics and using appropriate methods, forms and means of education.

IVR with subordinates is based on the following principles:

A combination of differentiated and individual approaches in educational activities;

Combination of demandingness with respect for personal dignity

person;

Reliance on the positive personality traits of the person being educated;

Unity, consistency and continuity in education.

Their use by sergeants in their activities allows them to purposefully carry out IVR, as well as predict the actions, actions, behavior of subordinates in various conditions, and select the most effective methods, means and techniques of educational influence.

The system of individual educational work includes:

defining goals and objectives;

planning;

determining who works with whom individually;

training in the practice of individual educational work;

studying and taking into account the individual characteristics of military personnel, using the most effective forms, methods, and means of influence;

organization of operational information about the moods, interests, requests of personnel;

analysis, generalization of best practices, control and correction of the plan.

Knowing subordinates is one of the responsibilities of commanders (chiefs). Let us also recall that in accordance with Articles 151 and 153 of the UVS, the deputy platoon commander, squad commander, and it is this position that sergeants often occupy, is obliged to know the last name, first name, patronymic, year of birth, nationality, personal qualities, occupation before military service, marital status, successes and shortcomings in combat training of each subordinate.

Studying personnel at first glance seems simple. However, in practice, this is a complex, multifaceted process that requires time, experience, and certain knowledge from the teacher.

In military pedagogy and psychology, there are many methods for studying the individual characteristics of military personnel. These include: observation; studying documents; generalization of opinions (generalization of independent characteristics); study of preferential relationships; conversation; analysis of performance results; sociometric survey; testing.

One of the most objective and reliable methods of studying a military personnel is observation. In the course of it, facts are accumulated about the actions, behavior, and judgments of a subordinate, the analysis, generalization and systematization of which allow us to draw a conclusion about his individual characteristics.

Observing a person in a relaxed environment, for example in a canteen, smoking room, dismissal, during breaks in training sessions and in other conditions when there are no immediate commanders nearby, makes it possible, like no other method, to identify the correspondence of a soldier’s consciousness and behavior.

To increase the effectiveness of observation, you can deliberately create situations in which a soldier could demonstrate to the maximum extent those qualities that you would like to evaluate.

At the same time, the teacher must remember that it is not always possible to judge a person by individual actions, or to draw conclusions about him based on a single observation. Therefore, the monitoring process must be continuous, specific and active.

An important and rather labor-intensive activity of sergeants and superiors, during which a preliminary understanding of a serviceman is developed, is studying documents(analysis of documents). Usually a personal file is studied (autobiography, questionnaires, characteristics, educational documents). It helps the sergeant learn about the main events in a person’s biography, which in one way or another could influence the formation of his personality. Important information about cognitive abilities, military-professional orientation and individual psychological characteristics of subordinates can be obtained from the professional selection card of a conscript, which records the results of studies and “examinations during the period of registration and conscription of those liable for military service. About the social activity of a soldier, his discipline, breadth of knowledge, physical development can be found out from the service card, library card, medical book and other documents.

It helps to know a person better generalization of opinions colleagues about his behavior and actions (the so-called method of generalization of independent characteristics).

A comparison of the observations and conclusions of many people makes it possible to detect erroneous ideas about a person, weed out incorrect assessments and determine his true merits.

Information about a serviceman can be obtained through both oral conversations and correspondence interviews (using questionnaires). The latter is used relatively rarely by sergeants, as it requires time and special knowledge.

Method for studying preferential relationships. Its essence lies in the fact that the teacher identifies the following in the process of individual educational work with subordinates using various methods: what the subordinate likes to talk about; what he likes to do most; how he prefers to spend his free time; with whom does he maintain friendly relations? what worries him most And etc. Based on the analysis, interests, needs, both spiritual and material, inclinations, motives for activity in various types of activities, attitudes, characteristics of character, temperament, culture, level and direction of development of life position, etc. are identified.

However, the most reliable information about a subordinate comes from personal communication with him. With a skillful conduct of an individual conversation, the teacher can assess not only the needs, inclinations, interests, character traits of a serviceman, but also identify his true experiences, opinion about the state of affairs in the team, colleagues, etc. The results of the conversation help to get a more complete picture of the personality of the subordinate .

The success of such conversations largely depends on the sergeant's compliance with a number of rules. One of them is careful preparation for the conversation. It is important to think over its content, topic, determine the range of questions for the warrior, and at the same time study all available O him information. It is also necessary to choose the right place for the conversation and the time for it.

It is important that communication takes place in a calm and confidential atmosphere, without strangers. All questions should be simple and understandable. They need to be put in such a way that during the conversation a single, holistic story of the serviceman about himself, his life, and the difficulties of military service emerges. A prerequisite for a successful conversation is f*cking creativity. It should not be conducted in the form of a simple survey on pre-planned questions, which are only the basis for the conversation. Practice shows that in order to systematize, analyze and record individual work, it is advisable for a teacher to have a pedagogical diary (workbook, notepad). It accumulates data about each pupil, outlines the main measures of influence (interaction with him), notes the results of observations and some conclusions characterizing the effectiveness of individual educational work. Such notes will not take much time, but they will give your work purposefulness and systematicity.

For the purpose of studying and educating subordinates, it is widely used in military practice. analysis of performance results. It provides for taking into account the actions and deeds of subordinates, as well as their omissions and achievements in various types of activities. At the same time, it is important for the educator to study the level of manifestation of activity, initiative, and creativity in work; motives for activity; working conditions, etc. The nature of a soldier’s performance of tasks may indicate his skills, abilities, interests and other personality traits.

Sociometric survey. With its help, one can determine the status of a serviceman’s personality in a team, the characteristics of relationships with other members of the team, and assess the state of the moral and psychological climate in which a subordinate lives.

Testing is an effective method of studying the personality of a serviceman, with the help of which the level of development or degree of expression of certain mental qualities, as well as the totality of mental properties of the individual, is measured. Testing is carried out by specially trained officers, usually unit psychologists.

The experience of educational work indicates that only the integrated use of the entire arsenal of methods and means of studying the individual characteristics of soldiers will give the desired result. In each specific case, the teacher determines which methods and how it is appropriate for him to use them to obtain the most reliable and high-quality information about the subordinate. And, of course, knowledge of a subordinate does not act as an end in itself, but as a means of ensuring the effectiveness of his training, education, and joint activities with him in the interests of military service and the warrior himself.

to strengthen military discipline and maintain

Statutory order

Military discipline- this is one of the forms of state discipline, the basis of the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of units and subunits of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

It is designed to regulate military order, relationships between military personnel, and relationships within units in order to ensure high organization and combat effectiveness. Its difference from other types of discipline is due to the nature of military activity, which requires from the people carrying out it special composure, accuracy, diligence, endurance, mutual understanding, mobility, speed of execution of all orders, etc. Because of this, military discipline is characterized by a number of features: the mandatory nature of its requirements for all categories of military personnel; the coincidence of the goals of legality and military discipline; detailed regulation of rules of conduct for the entire range of types of military activities; increased legal liability for violating the order and rules of military service; mandatory compliance with moral standards, supported by statutory requirements; disciplinary liability for violation of rules and norms not only in an official, but also in an off-duty environment; unity of unconditional fulfillment of established norms and manifestation of activity, independence, creativity, etc.

It is a well-known truth: without discipline, not a single army in the world can be combat-ready. One of the outstanding military figures and teachers of Russia, General M.I. Dragomirov, characterized a military unit in which a high level of discipline is maintained: “Such a unit (unit) may not achieve touching percentages when shooting, and may not be particularly strong in the ranks. She may lose her way, but never go astray. And in difficult moments, of course, it will be preferred to those who earn percentages and march well, but are not so reliable.”

The modern understanding of military discipline is presented in a concise but succinct form in the Disciplinary Charter of the RF Armed Forces, Art. 1: “Military discipline is strict and precise observance by all military personnel of the order and rules established by laws, military regulations and orders of commanders (chiefs).” Military discipline characterizes and determines official and personal relationships between military personnel, as well as military groups. Its bearer is a specific person - a soldier, sergeant, officer. It finds its expression in the discipline of the serviceman.

The concept of “discipline” means a specific quality of a warrior that ensures his stable, rule-compliant behavior in the conditions of military service. It is characterized by external and internal indicators.

External indicators of discipline:

Strict adherence to military order;

Accurate and proactive implementation of orders and instructions from commanders and superiors;

Careful attitude towards military equipment and weapons, their competent use in solving combat training and service tasks;

Exemplary appearance.

Internal indicators of discipline:

Conviction in the need for military discipline:

Knowledge of regulations and instructions, requirements of military service;

The ability to manage oneself in accordance with the requirements of military discipline;

Skills and habits of disciplined behavior;

Self-discipline.

Of course, the relationship between external and internal indicators of the discipline of a particular warrior is ambiguous. It can be harmonious, but it also happens that a warrior maintains a certain order without being convinced of its necessity. In this case, the prevailing understanding is that the violation will be followed by severe punishment. The complexity of the tasks solved by military units, the problem of staffing, and much more require that every serviceman be sensitive to the requirements placed on him and serve not out of fear, but out of conscience. Only then can we talk about high conscious discipline.

Discipline as a personal quality is not born with a person, and especially not given to a warrior along with his shoulder straps. It is formed and developed in the process of his army life and activities. Let's consider the priority areas of work of junior commanders in the formation and development of discipline among soldiers.

The main directions of formation and development of discipline among military personnel:

Skillful management of the activities and behavior of military personnel;

Effective educational work;

Maintaining the statutory order in the department, crew, strict adherence to the daily routine by all military personnel;

Clear organization of combat training and full coverage of personnel;

Caring for a healthy moral and psychological climate in the team;

The daily demands of junior commanders on their subordinates and monitoring their performance, respect for the personal dignity of military personnel and constant care for them, the skillful combination and correct use of measures of persuasion, coercion and social influence of the team;

Self-education of discipline.

When working with contract military personnel, it is necessary to take into account the issues of caring for the serviceman’s family and implementing the terms of the contract he has entered into.

Instilling the basics of discipline in soldiers is impossible without monitoring their complete and exact compliance with the requirements of the regulations. At the same time, we should not forget about the formation of the motivational and indicative basis of their behavior. In other words, you need to explain every time why and how to act in certain situations. Skillful organization of this work helps young soldiers overcome negative reactions caused by the difficulties of service, especially in the first period, quickly and painlessly adapt to the daily routine, quickly get into formation and subsequently achieve good results in combat training.

In parallel, team work is carried out:

cultivating positive relationships;

the formation of a healthy public opinion and unity of views on basic issues of service and combat training;

overcoming negatively directed leadership;

maintaining friendship and mutual assistance, attentive and demanding attitude of colleagues towards each other.

Practice shows that it is easier to achieve the desired results if the warriors themselves are actively involved in solving this problem.

Forming in military personnel the skills of discipline and readiness to flawlessly fulfill the requirements of the Military Oath and military regulations begins from the first day of their service. At the same time, it is important for the sergeant to bring to the consciousness of each subordinate not only the content, but also the deep meaning and social significance of discipline.

Each sergeant must be close to his subordinates, know their needs and requests, seek their satisfaction, avoid rudeness and humiliation of the personal dignity of his subordinates, constantly serve as an example of strict observance of laws, military regulations and orders, be an example of moral purity, honesty, modesty and justice .

An analysis of disciplinary offenses committed by personnel shows that many of them are caused by miscalculations in the sphere of relationships: boss - subordinate, individual - team. In some cases, shortcomings in the work of a sergeant indirectly affect the emergence of a conflict, and in others they become a direct cause of violation of discipline.

The most common incorrect actions of the sergeants themselves include: the uneven distribution of workloads they allow between soldiers of different service periods; reluctance, and sometimes inability, to delve into the off-duty relationships and moods of soldiers; condoning the desire of individual soldiers to receive privileges, occupy a special position, and subordinate others to their influence.

The weak demands of some sergeants, the lack of methodological education skills of others, the lack of pedagogical tact of others are just some of the bottlenecks in their activities that are encountered in practice.

The basis of a sergeant’s work to strengthen military discipline is a deep study of subordinates, their strengths and weaknesses, habits, inclinations, interests and ideals. The most proven methods for a sergeant to study personnel in the course of everyday life are: individual conversations; careful study of the attitude of one or another subordinate to the work during classes, service, rest; extensive use of the opinions of officers and warrant officers, other sergeants about soldiers.

The study of subordinates should be objective, impartial, and not be reduced to finding shortcomings. It is necessary to notice and celebrate every success of a warrior, to be able to discern the good in each and use it to educate the individual. Recognition of success inspires a soldier and gives him strength for the future. Under these conditions, he more often has a desire to distinguish himself in his service. A correct opinion can only be formed if it is assessed not by words, but by deeds.

To instill discipline, proper organization of the educational process is necessary. Sergeants must create an environment that requires maximum exertion of physical and moral strength and contributes to the development of a sense of duty, initiative, high organization and independence among subordinates. You should strive to start and finish classes on time. A well-conducted lesson always activates the mental activity of students, instills the habit of accuracy, composure and organization. The clear organization of maintenance of weapons and equipment also provides discipline.

Skillful disciplinary practice is of no small importance in strengthening discipline. Disciplinary practice is a system established in the Armed Forces of applying incentive measures and disciplinary sanctions to military personnel in order to educate them and strengthen military discipline.

When determining a serviceman's guilt, the following are taken into account: the nature of the offense; the circumstances under which it was committed; the previous behavior of the perpetrator, as well as the length of his military service and the degree of knowledge of the procedure for service.

When imposing a disciplinary sanction, the sergeant must remember that the sanction and the very form of its imposition should not be perceived as actions aimed at humiliating the human dignity of a serviceman, but as the sergeant’s desire to help him learn to manage his behavior and behave with dignity. It is necessary to accustom subordinates not to the fear of punishment, but to the fear of committing misconduct. The bias and injustice of the sergeant and rudeness in dealing with subordinates have a negative impact on military personnel. Those sergeants who believe that before imposing a disciplinary sanction on a subordinate, it is necessary to understand the degree of his guilt are doing the right thing. It is also advisable to remove disciplinary sanctions strictly individually, when they have played their educational role and the serviceman has actually corrected his behavior through exemplary performance of military duty.

Sergeants are obliged to strictly monitor the maintenance of internal order, the correct fit of equipment, compliance with the established rules for wearing military uniforms, as well as military discipline in the ranks. The daily accurate fulfillment of these duties by junior commanders influences the development of skills and habits of disciplined behavior in soldiers, forms an intolerant attitude towards laxity, and develops diligence.

Every serviceman must be confident in the protection of his rights and legitimate interests, feel the concern of his immediate commander about the inviolability of his personality, respect for his honor and dignity. Maintaining the rules of relations between military personnel established by military regulations in the unit is one of the priority areas of the sergeant’s activity.

Working with military personnel performing tasks in isolation from a unit, on guard duty, and on daily duty requires special thoughtfulness and organization. There should be no place for a superficial approach. It is necessary to carefully select the composition of these teams, taking into account the psychological characteristics of military personnel.

Working with military personnel prone to violating military discipline has its own characteristics. It is extremely important to identify the specific reasons for their dishonest attitude towards the service. Look for positive qualities in each such person, encourage, develop them, emphasize that the standard of life for a serviceman is honesty, personal responsibility for the assigned work, and exemplary performance of military duty.

The struggle for a sober lifestyle is of great importance in modern conditions. Junior commanders are called upon to set a personal example in this, and also to explain to the personnel that drunkenness is a completely intolerable phenomenon in the army, it is the worst enemy of combat readiness.

Each sergeant is obliged to systematically analyze the state of military discipline of the military personnel subordinate to him, and timely and objectively report on its condition to a superior commander. Some sergeants try to hide the misdeeds of their subordinates from commanders, thereby conniving with the violators. This can lead to serious disciplinary violations, and often to incidents and crimes.

The sergeant needs to take care of improving the material and living conditions of his subordinates, know exactly all the allowance standards, and strictly monitor the completeness of their implementation. He must also take care of organizing the leisure time of his subordinates, since this is an important part of the sergeant’s work in maintaining military discipline. His task is to ensure that every soldier is enrolled in the library, to encourage in every possible way the reading of newspapers and magazines, amateur artistic activities and sports.

Thus, the junior commander must ensure that all components of organizational and educational work - content, forms, methods and means - are carefully thought out and comprehensively justified, together constitute a steadily and consistently implemented system of measures, and have a constant psychological impact on consciousness and feelings and practical actions of personnel to strictly observe the order and rules established by laws and military regulations.

1.2.5. The work of sergeants in preparing personnel for service in garrison and daily duty

Daily duty is assigned to maintain internal order, protect personnel, weapons, military equipment, ammunition, premises and property of a military unit (unit), as well as to perform other internal service duties.

The performance of daily duty is accompanied by a set of activities: the selection and placement of personnel, their theoretical and practical training, the organization of the service itself, educational work, monitoring the performance of service and summing up the results. Sergeants take a very direct and active part in all these events.

The order of orders in a company between platoons is established by the company sergeant major, and in a platoon - by the deputy platoon commander. The number of outfits should be distributed evenly and fairly.

When assigning to a unit, it is necessary to take into account not only the degree of training of soldiers and sergeants, but also their personal qualities: discipline, vigilance, organizational skills, initiative and intransigence to shortcomings, endurance. It is also impossible not to take into account their state of health, family situation, connections with relatives and friends. Ignorance of people, incorrect assessment of the psychological, moral and physical state of military personnel when assigning them to a unit can lead to violations of military discipline and even crimes.

On the night preceding the assignment, persons assigned to the daily assignment must be released from all classes and work.

The duties of persons on daily duty are determined by the statutes, and must be fulfilled in full, without any deviations. The slightest violation of the statutory provisions can lead to non-fulfillment or failure of the assigned tasks. Therefore, before joining the outfit, every soldier must know how to serve. For this purpose, classes are organized and conducted to study the provisions of charters, instructions and other documents.

Training of personnel for guard duty is carried out in three stages:

first- behind 2-3 the day before joining the squad, the selection and distribution of guard personnel is carried out according to the post sheet;

second- on the day before joining the outfit, at the hours specified in the daily routine, a lesson is held with the guard personnel to study the provisions of the charters, the report card for posts, specifying on the model of the protected objects the special responsibilities and options for actions of the sentries at the posts, as well as instructions and requirements safety when handling weapons;

third- on the day of joining the guard, a practical lesson is held to practice the actions of sentries at posts.

The basis for successful performance of daily duty duty lies in its practical preparation. Practical classes are conducted in the places where military personnel will serve: with a company outfit - in a unit, with guard personnel - in a guard camp, etc.

Practical training with guard personnel is organized and conducted by the unit commander. Training at training sites, as a rule, is carried out by the assistant guard chief and guards appointed from among the sergeants - deputy platoon commanders, squad commanders (crews, crews).

Usually they conduct training on loading and unloading weapons, teach soldiers the procedure for accepting and surrendering a post, changing sentries, what a sentry should do in case of a fire, and practicing other introductory instructions. At the guard town, at training places, using the training method, the assistant chief of the guard and the guards teach the guards the procedure for accepting and handing over a post, determined by the Charter of the garrison and guard service, and performing service, taking into account its characteristics. Primary attention is paid to maintaining constant vigilance and compliance with the procedure for using weapons.

During the practical lesson, the assistant chief of the guard and the guards make sure that each guard knows not only the statutory requirements, but also what is under his protection and defense, the features of the post, the route of movement, the placement of objects and the procedure for their protection, the location of trenches, the presence of lighting, security equipment and fire alarms, locations of guard towers and fungi, fire extinguishing equipment. Particular attention is paid to studying the boundaries of the post, the most dangerous approaches to it, firing sectors and the procedure for using weapons.

The daily work order for the company is carried out in the unit, where, under the leadership of the company sergeant major, they study: the duties of the duty officer and orderly, the daily routine, instructions on the procedure for raising the unit on alarm, according to fire safety requirements, the diagram of the area of ​​the territory assigned to the unit for cleaning.

Before joining the outfit, military personnel must put their appearance in exemplary order, and sergeants check how they did it. The exemplary appearance of the daily outfit should

serve as an example for military personnel and exert a disciplinary influence on them.

Preparation of a daily squad for a company includes practicing the practical actions of the duty officer and orderlies when declaring an alarm, receiving and issuing weapons and ammunition to personnel, and maintaining the cleanliness of the premises and area of ​​the territory assigned to the unit. Through practical actions on induction, the company sergeant-major seeks from the incoming detachment the ability to clearly fulfill their duties in maintaining internal order in the company, observing the daily routine and ensuring the safety of weapons and ammunition, company property and personal belongings of soldiers and sergeants.

In the same order, classes are conducted with other persons on daily duty. Training is carried out until the trainees’ actions are clear and coordinated.

Educational works to order

The role and tasks of sergeants in the training and education of personnel during the USSR

Type of work: Abstract Subject: Military affairs

Original work

Subject

Excerpt from work

The role and tasks of sergeants in training and education of personnel during the USSR

Introduction

education sergeant personnel

Sergeants belong to the junior ranks of command personnel and represent the largest number of their squad. They bear full responsibility for the training and education of subordinates. Noting their role, M. V. Frunze emphasized that the junior command staff forms the basis on which the entire matter of discipline, combat soldering and combat training of the unit is based.

Currently, the role of sergeants has increased even more. This is due to the increasing complexity of the tasks facing units and subunits, to the change in the social image of the soldier, to the reduction of service life, and to the improvement of equipment and weapons. The requirements for training and education have increased, but the preparation time has not increased. This. caused the need to increase the level of pedagogical culture and responsibility of commanders of all levels, and first of all those who directly form the qualities of a Soviet warrior in soldiers.

Personnel education is carried out by sergeants during daily military service and combat training. They organize the service of their subordinates in accordance with the regulations, ensuring that the entire structure of military service instills in the personnel loyalty to military duty and the military oath.

One of the most important tasks of sergeants is to educate soldiers in the spirit of the Marxist-Leninist worldview, communist beliefs, class hatred of imperialism, moral principles of behavior, patriotism and internationalism, and the readiness to give all their strength, and if necessary, their lives, to protect the interests of the socialist Motherland. To do this, they themselves must be infinitely devoted to the cause of the CPSU, the socialist Motherland and their people, ready for selfless actions in the name of the interests of the socialist Fatherland, to fulfill their international duty.

Sergeants help their subordinates study weapons and military equipment, regulations and manuals, organize and serve with them on a daily basis, carry out daily work to strengthen military discipline, and develop the ability to subordinate their actions and behavior to the requirements of military regulations and orders of commanders. They are responsible for drill and physical training, for the safety of health and provision of everything necessary for their subordinates.

The personal example of sergeants, their authority, high moral qualities, selfless attitude to work, and discipline are especially important here. In this regard, junior commanders should strive to improve their pedagogical knowledge, develop methodological skills, and study best practices in working with people. The duty of a sergeant is to be a skilled teacher and educator. Without this, it is impossible to achieve unity in the process of training and educating soldiers, aimed at preparing them to defend the Motherland.

The most important requirement for the process of training and education is to know and take into account the national characteristics, traditions and customs of those peoples whose representatives are subordinates. In leading a multinational team, a sergeant is obliged to strictly follow the principles of Lenin’s national policy, to show special sensitivity, prudence and integrity, and concern for strengthening friendship and brotherhood between soldiers of different nationalities.

Speaking about the leadership qualities of sergeants, one should keep in mind their ability to confidently command subordinates, both in peacetime and in battle, to instill in them a love of military service, and to show statutory demands on soldiers.

High demands are an integral quality of a commander, the basis of discipline and organization in a subordinate unit. It has nothing to do with rudeness, neglect, or humiliation of the dignity of a subordinate, which, as a rule, offends and alienates the soldier from the sergeant. Demanding standards must be constant, fair, equal to everyone, and respectful. Demanding respect means helping a soldier understand his tasks and mobilize forces for their successful completion. Demandingness must be supported by strict control over the actions of subordinates, combined with skillful encouragement of conscientious work, with care for subordinates, with attentive attention to their needs.

Success in the work of sergeants largely depends on the extent to which they are aware of their personal duty and responsibility for the affairs and actions of their subordinates, improve their knowledge and experience, and wisely use the rights granted to them by military regulations. What also means a lot is the sergeant’s desire to check his actions with the officer’s assessment, the ability to correctly use his advice and help, strictly carry out the order, and strengthen his authority.

A unit (subdivision) becomes combat-ready if the departments are well prepared and coordinated, if each serviceman clearly knows his duties and fulfills them flawlessly. The role of the sergeant is great in this, who personally teaches soldiers military skills, raises excellent students, class specialists, organizes and leads socialist competition in his unit, and disseminates best practices.

Training is a two-way pedagogical process, during which, under the guidance of a commander (chief), soldiers acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities, which ultimately form military mastery.

Knowledge is various information fixed in memory in the form of systematized concepts and images. These can be rules, laws, specific facts, formulas, terms. The process of acquiring knowledge ends with its application in practice. Military training has a special practical orientation. After all, in battle it is not enough to know how to act; it is necessary to be able to act on the basis of this knowledge. By applying the acquired knowledge during training and exercises, soldiers develop a variety of skills and abilities.

Skills are practical actions performed not only correctly, but also quickly, accurately, automatically, with minimal effort and the highest result. In the military field, the importance of skills cannot be overestimated. An action that has become a skill should be performed easily, quickly, as if mechanically, without thinking (reloading, aiming a machine gun, saluting, etc.).

Skills as the end result of the learning process are the ability to correctly use knowledge to solve practical problems in various environmental conditions. They are formed on the basis of knowledge and skills in different ways. In the process of their formation, the warrior moves from working with the help of others to working independently. Skill is not reduced to the sum of skills; it always contains elements of creativity that allow the intelligence officer to skillfully act in various situations, eliminating templates and coaching. All field training of troops is aimed at developing skills.

A short story, combined with an exemplary demonstration and subsequent training, is the main method of developing in soldiers the skills and abilities they need.

It is important to remember that knowledge, skills and abilities gradually weaken during long breaks in study, and in some cases are completely lost. In this regard, to maintain high professional skills of personnel, systematic exercises and training are required, carried out in conditions as close as possible to combat conditions.

The entire process of training Soviet soldiers is built in accordance with such principles as communist party membership and scientific training; training troops in what is needed in war; consciousness, activity and independence of students; visibility in learning; systematic, consistent and comprehensive training; learning at a high level of difficulty; strength of mastery of knowledge, skills and abilities; collectivism and individual approach to learning.

Taken in unity and interdependence, they determine the system of requirements for the purpose, content, organization and methodology of training personnel.

The principle of communist party membership and scientific training determines the political orientation and class nature of personnel training. It reflects the dependence of the content, methods and organization of training on the ideology and policy of the CPSU, the objectives of education, and the level of development of science and technology in the country. Each lesson should be thought out and structured in such a way that the material being studied forms a scientific worldview, communist conviction and morality, strong class positions, equips soldiers with modern scientific knowledge, is closely linked with the life of the country, the Armed Forces, with the practical tasks of personnel, and shows the inconsistency of bourgeois ideology , military theory and practice of imperialism. This is the main meaning of the principle of partisanship and science.

The principle of training troops in what is necessary in war reflects the objective need to train personnel in strict accordance with the requirements of modern warfare, to bring each lesson as close as possible to combat reality, to conduct it with full load, without concessions or simplifications.

The principle of consciousness, activity and independence of trainees requires such a training arrangement in which soldiers clearly understand their tasks, meaningfully acquire knowledge, consciously apply it, while showing high activity, independence and initiative. V.I. Lenin attached paramount importance to consciousness and activity, emphasizing that without an initiative, conscientious soldier and sailor, success in modern war is impossible.

The principle of visualization in training is based on the fact that combat training requires such an organization that a warrior acquires knowledge and develops skills based on the work of the senses, especially hearing and vision. Visual aids are classified into natural (showing practical actions, samples of weapons and equipment), visual (diagrams, posters, films, propaganda tools, etc.), verbal-figurative (description of facts, events, comparisons, etc.).

When working with visual aids, the following rules must be observed: select the most essential and complex material for them; demonstrate visual aids not all at once, but gradually as the oral material is presented; during the demonstration, slow down the pace of explanation; do not overload classes with visual aids; give trainees time to work with manuals, especially with samples of weapons, equipment, instruments, mock-ups and simulators.

Systematicity, consistency and complexity mean that training success is possible only when the training material is arranged and presented in such an order that new knowledge is based on previously acquired knowledge, and previously learned techniques and actions prepare soldiers for mastering subsequent ones.

Training at a high level of difficulty requires that the educational material in its content and volume, on the one hand, be accessible to students taking into account their experience and knowledge, and on the other hand, students would consciously overcome the difficulties of learning and make significant efforts to achieve the intended goal. Learning at a high level of difficulty presupposes accessibility of learning, i.e. adherence to a life-tested rule: from the known to the unknown, from simple to complex, from easy to difficult.

Strength of mastery of knowledge, skills and abilities. This principle means that, regardless of the complex situation of modern combat, a soldier is obliged to remember everything that he was taught, quickly and skillfully apply his knowledge and skills when performing assigned tasks.

Collectivism and individual approach to learning. Military activity is collective in nature. The basis for the development of collectivism is the organization of collective actions in the classroom, as well as during the entire service of soldiers. To do this, the sergeant must know and understand the psychology of the team, be able to manage collective moods against the background of competition and daily summing up of collective actions. Along with this, it is important to know and take into account the individual characteristics of each soldier during training, skillfully directing his efforts to solve the unit’s problems.

2. Basic forms and methods of training subordinates

The success of training largely depends on the techniques and methods by which knowledge is acquired and the formation of skills and abilities is achieved, i.e., on the methods and forms of training.

Main forms of training: theoretical (lecture, seminar, conversation) and practical (tactical drill, tactical lesson, shooting training, lesson on driving combat vehicles, etc.) classes; live firing, tactical exercises; park days; self-training. The variety of forms of training allows for both individual training of soldiers and training as part of a unit, giving them in-depth knowledge and developing the necessary skills and abilities provided for in the combat training program.

The main teaching methods are: oral presentation of the material (story, explanation), discussion of the material being studied (conversation, seminar), demonstration (demonstration), training (exercise), practical and independent work.

Oral presentation (story, explanation) is used when familiarizing soldiers with the basic provisions of “regulations and other documents, with tactical and technical data and the design of weapons and equipment, with the organization, weapons and tactics of actions of units of a potential enemy.

Conversation is practiced in order to deepen, consolidate or test knowledge and is usually question-and-answer in nature. Training (exercise) plays a decisive role in the formation of soldiers’ skills and abilities, teaches them to apply knowledge in practice, and is the main method of training soldiers. Training must be systematic and consists of conscious repeated repetition of the studied techniques and actions with constant complication of conditions.

Practical work is carried out in order to consolidate acquired knowledge and improve existing skills and abilities. It begins after the trainees have mastered the maximum necessary knowledge and acquired certain skills and abilities.

Independent work serves to consolidate already acquired knowledge, skills and abilities. The squad leader determines the scope of self-training tasks, gives methodological advice, provides specific assistance and monitors its progress, and also provides soldiers with literature and visual aids.

In training formations and units, the training of junior commanders and specialists is carried out using the method of systematic and step-by-step inculcation of knowledge and skills. This teaching method is based on the theory of systematic formation of mental concepts and practical actions.” The educational process is organized taking into account three basic principles:

-- the content of educational training cards (ETC) must be absorbed in the process of training cadets;

__ goals and content of training for students must correspond to their professional purpose;

-- professional training is possible only with a strictly consistent construction of the educational process.

The essence of the training method is working with the TC, in which students do not memorize it, but immediately, with its help, study the structure of units, components and practically carry out operations (setting up a radio station, preparing weapons for firing, etc.). The platoon is divided into training groups of 3 people. Of these, the first reads the TC, the second shows what is named on a model or a real object, and the third controls its actions. Subsequently they change places. Thus, the student studies the material three times during the allotted time. The training of cadets is carried out first using full TCs, reflecting the entire scope of actions, and subsequently - abbreviated TCs, which indicate only the main (nodal) actions.

The leader of the lesson must be directly involved in the students’ study of the material, be ready to answer questions, help understand the content of the teaching materials, and achieve high student activity when studying the educational material.

3. Essence, principles, forms and methods of work on educating soldiers

In its essence and focus, training is closely related to education - a specific, purposeful and systematic influence on the mind, feelings and will of soldiers in order to develop in them high political and combat qualities, discipline, unity of military teams, training in accordance with the requirements of modern warfare.

The essential features of educational work in modern conditions are: ensuring the unity of word and deed; maximum specificity; individual forms; a situation of acute ideological confrontation. Principles are the basic guidelines of educational work. They express the requirements that determine the content, methods and organizational forms of personnel education. The principles of educating Soviet soldiers are: communist purposefulness and party spirit; education in the process of military activity; education in the team and through the team; individual approach to soldiers; a combination of demands on soldiers with respect for their personal dignity and care for them; unity, consistency and continuity in education.

Communist purposefulness and party spirit of education are the leading principles in the entire system of educating soldiers. It determines the ideological orientation of all educational work and requires the sergeant, first of all, to know well the goals of education, to clearly imagine the qualities that should be formed in each of his subordinates.

A very important requirement of the principle is persistence in achieving the educational goal. You cannot, as some sergeants do, retreat from an undisciplined soldier, justifying himself by saying that he cannot be educated. Good human qualities take years to develop. Therefore, education is a long and difficult task. Here you cannot limit yourself to maternity leave, but you need to carry out painstaking work, showing perseverance and patience.

Education in the process of military activity. When implementing this principle, the sergeant, first of all, is required to ensure that each soldier has a deep understanding of the features of the modern international situation, his place and role in strengthening the combat readiness of the unit, unit, and the Armed Forces as a whole. Of great importance here is the combination of well-organized educational work with a clear organization of military work, with reasonable leisure time for personnel.

Education in the team and through the team. This principle requires the sergeant to constantly take care of uniting his subordinates into a friendly family, to develop in them a sense of friendship and military camaraderie, collectivism.

An individual approach to the education of warriors is of paramount importance.

The implementation of this principle presupposes: a comprehensive, constant study of each warrior; respect and exactingness towards him, thoughtfulness, sincerity and creativity in education; differentiated approach; education, in all types of activities; systematic individual education.

A combination of demandingness towards subordinates with respect for their personal dignity and care for them. This principle combines two sides of the educational process: exactingness and respect for a person. This is an important feature of Lenin's style of work. The primary responsibility of the sergeant is to take care of nutrition, health, material and living conditions, and satisfy the spiritual needs of the personnel.

Unity, consistency and continuity in education oblige us to make uniform demands on soldiers, to educate them through the common efforts of all educators, party and Komsomol organizations.

Educational methods are ways of purposefully influencing soldiers and military groups. The main ones are: persuasion, exercise, encouragement, coercion and example. The method of persuasion is the main method of education. To convince means to influence the consciousness and behavior of soldiers in such a way that they develop deep confidence in the truth of the tenets of Marxism-Leninism, the requirements of communist morality and military discipline, an understanding of the essence of these ideas and requirements, and develop a desire to solve practical problems in strict accordance with them. The sergeant convinces his subordinates with his personal conviction, truthful words in unity with deeds, the ability to answer pressing and topical questions, clarity, intelligibility and evidence of presentation, and high emotionality of speech.

The exercise method has the goal of forming habits of positive (correct) behavior among soldiers. An exercise in education differs from an exercise in training, since it is associated with increasing the consciousness of warriors, while an exercise in training is aimed at practicing automaticity in actions. When using the exercise method, it is important to remember that it is inappropriate to assign subordinates to perform tasks that are not yet feasible for them, as this can undermine their self-confidence.

The reward method is used to reinforce positive habits and positive qualities of a soldier. This is a strong and subtle means of education. Encouragement stimulates the soldier’s activity and has a positive effect on the entire team.

The coercion method is applied to individual soldiers whose actions contradict the requirements of the regulations and orders of commanders (superiors). Coercion includes the following forms and means of influence: reminder, warning, prohibition, condemnation by comrades. Its extreme measure is collection.

The sergeant's personal example is his main weapon, the most important condition for the successful performance of his duties. It enhances or weakens the effectiveness of all other methods of education. “The word teaches, but the example leads,” says popular wisdom. However, the positive example of a sergeant acquires the power of educational influence only if it is organically connected with the high qualities of his personality and manifests itself constantly.

4. Directions of work of sergeants to strengthen military discipline

Soviet military discipline is one of the forms of state discipline, the basis of the combat effectiveness and combat readiness of the Armed Forces. Discipline is, first of all, strict and precise observance by all military personnel of the order and rules established by Soviet laws and military regulations, the conscious obedience of those subordinate to the will of the commander. Discipline characterizes the personality of a warrior as a whole. It is closely connected with many of his qualities and properties, and above all with ideological conviction, a deep understanding of his duty to the Motherland and the people.

The formation of discipline skills in soldiers and readiness to flawlessly fulfill the requirements of the Military Oath and Regulations is carried out throughout the entire service. At the same time, it is important for the sergeant to bring to the consciousness of each subordinate not only the content, but also the deep meaning and social significance of discipline, and to cultivate a sense of personal responsibility for the defense of the socialist Fatherland.

An analysis of disciplinary offenses committed by personnel shows that many of them are caused precisely by miscalculations in the sphere of relationships between boss and subordinate, and the individual and the team. In some cases, shortcomings in the sergeant’s work indirectly influenced the emergence of a conflict, while in others they became a direct cause of violation of discipline.

The most common incorrect actions of the sergeants themselves include: the uneven distribution of workloads they allow between soldiers of different service periods; reluctance, and sometimes inability, to delve into the off-duty relationships and moods of soldiers finishing their service; condoning the desire of individual soldiers to receive privileges, occupy a special position, and subordinate other soldiers to their influence.

The weak demands of some sergeants, the lack of methodological education skills of others, the lack of pedagogical tact of others are just some of the bottlenecks in their activities that are encountered in practice. To eliminate them, we need persistent training from junior commanders, timely advice and help from older, more experienced comrades.

The basis of a sergeant's work is an in-depth study of his subordinates, their strengths and weaknesses, habits, inclinations, interests and ideals. The most proven methods for a sergeant to study personnel in the course of everyday life are: individual conversations; careful study of the attitude of one or another subordinate to the work during classes, service, and recreation; widespread use of the opinions of officers, warrant officers, other sergeants, party and Komsomol activists about soldiers; familiarization (through officers) with documents available at headquarters and characterizing the socio-demographic data and personal qualities of soldiers.

The study of subordinates should be objective, impartial, and not be reduced to finding shortcomings. The main thing is to notice and celebrate every success of a warrior, to be able to discern the good in each and use it to educate the individual. Recognition of success inspires a soldier and gives him strength for the future. Under these conditions, the desire to distinguish oneself in one's career often arises. A correct opinion about a subordinate will be formed only if he is assessed not by his words, but by his deeds.

To instill discipline, proper organization of the educational process is necessary. Sergeants must create an environment that requires maximum exertion of physical and moral strength, promotes the development of a sense of duty, initiative, high organization, and independence among subordinates, ensure that the educational process is timely and fully financially supported, and that the start and end times of classes are respected. A well-conducted lesson always activates the mental activity of students, instills the habit of accuracy, composure and organization. Discipline is also ensured by the clear organization of equipment maintenance, park and park maintenance days.

Skillful disciplinary practice is of no small importance in strengthening military discipline. The daily disciplinary practice of a sergeant offers such means and methods of influencing the consciousness of soldiers as explanation, evidence, suggestion, etc. By this, sergeants win over their subordinates and gain their trust. Their sincerity and warmth make it possible to master the feelings of the soldiers and make it easier to convey the necessary demands to consciousness. However, it is important to remember that closeness to people is not all-forgiveness, and that convincing does not mean persuading.

The bias and injustice of the sergeant, rudeness in dealing with subordinates, and lack of concern for their needs and requests have a negative impact on soldiers. Very aptly and categorically expressed his attitude towards cases of tactlessness in relation to M. V. Frunze’s subordinates. He said that harsh treatment, unexpected punishment and rude shouts would be incomprehensible to the young Red Army soldier, would intimidate him and kill his interest in military affairs.

One of the important features is that the penalties and the very form of their imposition should be perceived by the soldier not as “nit-picking,” but as the sergeant’s desire to help him learn to manage his behavior and behave with dignity. It is necessary to accustom subordinates to the truth, to the fear of misconduct, and not punishment. The biggest trouble is not the offense or even the punishment, but the cunning with which the subordinate wants to hide it. Those sergeants who consider it an unshakable rule are also doing the right thing: before imposing a penalty on a subordinate, it is necessary to carefully understand the degree of his guilt. In this case, as emphasized in the Disciplinary Regulations, the soldier’s behavior as a whole, the nature of the offense he committed, the circumstances under which it was committed, and the degree to which the soldier understood the order of service must be taken into account. It is also advisable to remove disciplinary sanctions strictly individually, when they have played their educational role, and not all at once, after waiting for the holiday.

Sergeants are obliged to strictly monitor cleanliness and internal order, the correct fit of equipment, compliance by subordinates with the rules of wearing military uniforms, timely repair of shoes and uniforms, etc. The daily strict fulfillment of these duties by junior commanders has an impact on the development of disciplined skills and habits among soldiers. behavior, forms an intolerant attitude towards laxity, develops diligence. Working with military personnel performing tasks in isolation from a unit, on guard duty, and on daily duty requires special thoughtfulness and organization.

Working with so-called difficult soldiers has its own characteristics. It is extremely important to identify the specific reasons for their dishonest attitude towards the service. Look for positive qualities in each such person, encourage, develop them, emphasize that the standard of life for a serviceman is sobriety, honesty, personal responsibility for the assigned work.

The struggle for a sober lifestyle is of great importance in modern conditions. Junior commanders are called upon to set a personal example in this, and also to explain to the personnel that drunkenness is a completely intolerable phenomenon in the army, it is the worst enemy of combat readiness.

The sergeant needs to take care of improving the material and living conditions of his subordinates, know exactly all the allowance standards, and strictly monitor the full distribution of allowances according to the norm. It is important to monitor subordinates’ compliance with personal hygiene rules, their washing in the bathhouse, and the quality of food in the canteen. All noticed deficiencies are reported to the team.

An important part of the sergeant’s work in strengthening discipline is taking care of organizing the soldiers’ leisure time. His task is to ensure that each of them is enrolled in the library, to encourage in every possible way the reading of fiction, periodicals, amateur artistic activities, physical education and sports, and applied arts.

The textbook outlines the fundamentals of pedagogy and, taking into account the achievements of modern pedagogical science and practical experience, discusses issues of theory and practice in the training and education of military personnel.

The publication focuses on the specifics and features of the military pedagogical process in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the practical aspects of the officer’s activities in training and educating subordinate personnel. The goals, objectives, principles, methods, forms of training and education of military personnel are outlined.

The textbook is intended for cadets, students, adjuncts, teachers of military universities, commanders, superiors, educators, and other officials of the Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies; persons undergoing and conducting military training in educational institutions and everyone interested in both military pedagogy and pedagogical problems in general.

6.2.2. Objectives, conditions and ways to strengthen military discipline

The disciplinary regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation note that military discipline is achieved nurturing in military personnel high moral, psychological and combat qualities, conscious obedience to commanders (superiors), personal responsibility of each serviceman for the performance of his duties, clear organization of combat training, exactingness of commanders and superiors.

Strengthening military discipline in units and subunits, developing its awareness and diligence among soldiers is a very important task for all officials. But it cannot be considered as a separate process, an isolated sum of certain activities pursuing these goals.

Strengthening military discipline in the army should be achieved through a comprehensive impact on the soldier throughout his entire service, and be resolved through the comprehensive, harmonious development of the individual.

These ideas have deep historical roots. Depending on the socio-economic conditions, means and methods of armed struggle, the level of training of military personnel in one form or another, they found application in military pedagogical practice at various stages of military development in our country.

Now discipline and efficiency of soldiers and military teams can be achieved as a result of the entire complex of educational measures carried out in society and in the army. Concern for strengthening military discipline is a common concern of officials of units and subunits. It should cover all aspects of educational and service activities, life and recreation of personnel; goals and content, organization and methodology, means and forms of pedagogical influence are subordinated to it.

As military practice shows, the task of strengthening legality, law and order and military discipline in units and subunits is solved successfully only when the educational process is carried out comprehensively, when its implementation takes into account all the circumstances, conditions and channels of influence on the consciousness, behavior, and feelings of military personnel. First of all, it should be borne in mind that the moral image of a defender of the Fatherland is formed by our reality with all its advantages and disadvantages, society’s attitude towards the army, towards military duty, the way of life in the army, relationships in military groups and much more.

To strengthen military discipline, there are both objective conditions that do not depend on the individual, but are determined by the characteristics of military service, and subjective conditions, determined by the qualities of the individual.

TO objective conditions the social significance of military labor should be included; society's attitude towards the army and military personnel; the existing system of education and training of soldiers in the army; cultural and living conditions of military personnel; the complexity of military equipment and weapons requiring coordinated actions; regulation of relationships and behavior of military personnel.

Subjective conditions include military personnel’s awareness of the great importance of their military work for society, high moral and combat qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities of soldiers necessary to solve the tasks facing them, motives of behavior, interests and needs of soldiers, the ability of military personnel to self-discipline and self-assessment of their actions.

Military practice shows that the vast majority of violations of discipline by military personnel are due to subjective aspects, primarily the low level of consciousness of individual soldiers, the lack of a firm statutory order in the unit, shortcomings in educational work and formalism in the work of officials, the lack of personal example of officers and belittling the role of juniors commanders, unhealthy moral and psychological atmosphere in the team, distortion of disciplinary practices, unfavorable living conditions, etc.

Military regulations determine that responsibility for the state of military discipline in a unit (unit) lies with commander, whose responsibilities include its careful and close analysis, improvement of the forms and methods of strengthening work. The commander is obliged to be highly demanding and principled when resolving these issues, combining intransigence towards shortcomings with trust and respect for people, showing concern for them, avoiding rudeness and humiliation of the honor and dignity of military personnel.

In addition, being the main organizer of all work to strengthen military discipline, the unit (unit) commander personally studies its condition in each unit, identifies the causes of violations, evaluates the work of unit commanders in this matter, determines its most effective forms and methods, purpose, and main directions , ways and means of achieving a high level of military discipline in the unit and the unit as a whole.

All the commander’s work must be planned, continuous and comprehensive. In practice, this means the ability to cover all areas of military activity with one’s attention: combat training, guard and internal service, issues of everyday life and leisure of personnel, daily official and off-duty activities of military personnel.

The unity of educational and organizational activities of military personnel, an integrated approach to education imply the skillful use of the entire rich arsenal of educational means. The combination of mass events and an individual approach, measures of persuasion and, if necessary, coercion, and other methods of education and self-education makes it possible to create a stable influence on the consciousness of military personnel, including the formation of conscious military discipline among personnel.

An important place in maintaining high discipline among military personnel is occupied by public and state preparation. The order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 170 dated May 12, 2005 “On the organization of public and state training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” emphasizes that public and state training (SPT) of military personnel is one of the main subjects of personnel training and the most important form of state -patriotic, military, moral, legal and aesthetic education.

The purpose of public and state training is formation of readiness to defend the Fatherland, loyalty to military duty, discipline, pride and responsibility for belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as increasing the psychological, pedagogical and legal knowledge of military personnel.

During the course of the OGP classes, the main attention is paid to the practice of training and education of personnel of the Armed Forces, the study by military personnel of issues of national history, traditions of the army and navy, problems of state and military development, military pedagogy and psychology, legislation of the Russian Federation and norms of international humanitarian law.

A necessary part of the statutory order and the most important condition for instilling discipline among soldiers is the organization of decent military life.

Issues of material and living arrangements, leisure and cultural services for military personnel play an important role in developing their skills of disciplined behavior. Timely and complete satisfaction of material, everyday and cultural needs makes it possible to restore the moral and physical strength that is spent on combat training.

Some soldiers violate discipline only because officials do not satisfy their needs for clothing allowances, normal nutrition, etc. The reasons for unauthorized absences are the most prosaic - the soldier does not know what to do with himself in his personal time: the TV does not work, feature films are not shown, hard to find a book to read. And if this happens constantly, it pushes the soldier to a disciplinary violation.

Thus, the constant concern of commanders and superiors, educational authorities about the general education and military training of soldiers, classes in combat and public-state training conducted at a high level, an established statutory order and life organized according to the statute (including cultural) make it possible to strengthen military discipline.

An important role in developing conscious discipline plays a role in personal example and the authority of commanders and superiors. Authority is manifested in the influence that a leader has on subordinates only through his personal behavior, without resorting to administrative forms of influence. The commander must have high moral qualities: goodwill, simplicity, modesty, honesty, the ability to find contact with subordinates, discipline, an even, optimistic mood.

The Disciplinary Charter obliges superiors at all levels to set a personal example of strict and precise compliance with the requirements of the oath and regulations. This is a completely justified requirement, since any type of activity, including work to strengthen military discipline, not supported by personal example, is most often ineffective and does not achieve the goal. Any deviation from the norms of military life - tactlessness, rudeness, negligent attitude to service, sloppiness, connivance - will be immediately noticed by subordinates and will negatively affect the results of the education, training and service of soldiers.

Among the ways to strengthen military discipline, an important place is occupied by high demands of commanders and superiors.

The sole commander plays the leading role in maintaining firm statutory order. Being demanding is his job responsibility. And if he does not show due demands, it means that he himself is violating discipline and the regulations. The boss's demanding nature has nothing in common with rudeness that degrades the dignity of a subordinate, petty pickiness, or cold pedantry. It must be fair, equal to all subordinates and constant. It cannot be replaced by moralizing or abstract notations.

The commander must be able to properly use measures of persuasion and coercion. The successful solution of tasks to strengthen military discipline and the effectiveness of training soldiers in general depend on their skillful combination. This is defined by the “Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” as one of the main conditions for achieving high military discipline.

The dialectic of persuasion and coercion measures is such that, depending on the actual circumstances, any of the methods can be chosen as the main method. Each commander himself, within the limits of his authority, determines this type of reward for a distinguished warrior, such a measure of punishment for the guilty one, which, in his opinion, should have the maximum educational impact both on the person to whom they are applied and on the entire military team.

A necessary condition for the effectiveness of work to strengthen military discipline is the correct assessment of a particular act and the correspondence of the measure of approval or condemnation to its character. Excessive encouragement for an ordinary act, as well as punishment inappropriate for the guilt, will lead to the opposite result instead of a positive effect.

Among the factors influencing the strengthening of military discipline are also interpersonal connections, compliance with statutory relationships in the team.

Military team- a social community of military personnel united by common activities, unity of morality and military duty, as well as relations of military camaraderie, the main task of which is the armed defense of the interests of the Russian Federation.

Such communities are formed within departments with their system of management, distribution of responsibilities, lifestyle, everyday life and recreation.

Relationships in military teams are regulated by the legal regulations of various official categories. The regulations stipulate that some military personnel in relation to others can be superiors or subordinates. Superiors have the right to give orders to subordinates and must check their compliance.

Ordering and obeying are the most important requirements regulating relationships in a military team. A deep awareness of these provisions by each military personnel ensures the formation and strengthening of the entire system of statutory relationships.

During off-duty time, the form of relationships between military personnel is determined by many factors: mutual interests and goals, likes and dislikes, needs for friendship and communication, personality traits, etc. Unofficial relationships develop in the course of cultural and sports work, and during leisure time. The military collective has enormous educational power, capable of developing the best personality traits and eliminating vices and negative habits.

In uniting military teams, unit officers rely on experienced and impeccably disciplined soldiers, especially in the last period of service, and give them assignments that require the manifestation of independence, creativity, responsibility and their service experience. At the same time, concessions should not be allowed for soldiers in this category. They must be subject to the same requirements in everything. It is necessary to especially strengthen control over senior employees assigned to various teams related to the performance of economic and other work.

Military experience proves that in the work to strengthen military discipline, commanders and educational bodies must create among personnel good mood. This increases the activity of each soldier, the coherence and clarity of the units’ actions.

A positive mental state is successfully formed provided that a moral atmosphere is created in the military team that would contribute to the establishment in units and subunits of a respectful and caring attitude towards each soldier, honesty, exactingness, trust, combined with strict responsibility and the spirit of true camaraderie.

Disciplinary power can be used only in the interests of performing service and combat missions, to maintain firm discipline and statutory order, as well as the education of military personnel. It is vested in direct and immediate superiors in relation to subordinates, and some officials in relation to military personnel not subordinate to them. Senior military ranks also exercise certain disciplinary power over juniors.

Commanders and superiors have the right to exercise disciplinary power only to the extent that is granted to them, and only in relation to those military personnel to whom it applies; exceeding it is a violation of the law. It may consist in the application of disciplinary power to persons to whom it does not apply, in the use of measures of influence that are within the authority of superiors; in applying measures not provided for by law to violators.

The disciplinary charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation defines incentive measures that commanders and superiors can apply. These are measures of moral influence (declaring gratitude, awarding a diploma, etc.), as well as combining moral and material reward (awarding with a valuable gift, money, granting short-term leave, early assignment of the next military rank, etc.).

An important means of strengthening military discipline, preventing crime and maintaining law and order in military units is legal education of military personnel. It should be aimed at studying the laws of the Russian Federation and general military regulations, developing respect for them among soldiers, creating a positive attitude towards legal regulations, the requirements of military discipline, and mobilizing personnel to prevent offenses and incidents.

The focus of unit officials should be on training officers, warrant officers and sergeants in the practice of individual work with subordinates, work to prevent incidents and crimes, and establish and maintain firm statutory order in units.

The implementation of all these and other measures makes it possible to create conditions for increasing the prestige of military service, strengthening military discipline, increasing the personal discipline of soldiers and, at the same time, the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of units and subunits.

sergeant discipline military law and order

Forms of work to maintain and strengthen law and order and military discipline are a set of organizational, technical and educational measures agreed upon in place, time and tasks, carried out by commanders, headquarters, educational bodies, military justice, other officials and the army public, aimed at ensuring compliance personnel of the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, as well as the requirements of military regulations, orders of commanders and superiors.

In other words, forms of work are various options for organizing a specific work or process, the compositional structure of any event, the sequence and order of actions of the commander and subordinate, their relationships, time and place of implementation and other elements of the organization.

The main forms of work to maintain and strengthen law and order and military discipline in a unit include: mass, group and individual.

Mass forms require the participation, as a rule, of the entire personnel of the unit. These include: various types of informing personnel, personnel meetings, summing up, combat training classes, performances, reading conferences, excursions, lectures, conversations, scientific and practical conferences, themed evenings, debates, quizzes, round tables and other.

Group forms require the participation of part of the personnel. These include: the work of interest clubs, amateur art groups, team sports games, various kinds of group exercises and work, and others.

Individual forms include individual conversations, assignments, tasks, and others.

The choice of one form or another, as well as the order of its implementation, are determined by the goals and objectives of the work.

Practice shows that the choice of methods and forms of work must be approached creatively and diversified all the time.

An integral part of the work to maintain and strengthen law and order and military discipline in the unit is legal education, the purpose of which is to strengthen conscious military discipline and combat readiness of troops through legal means. This work is based on explaining to soldiers their legal status: rights, responsibilities and benefits, as well as laws on the nature of the relationship between military personnel and responsibility for their violation. Measures of persuasion and coercion, which are commonly called legal means, are widely used. These include incentive measures, disciplinary sanctions, statutory measures to suppress violations of law and order and military discipline, legal liability, and measures of public influence. The junior commander must skillfully exercise the disciplinary power given to him. In addition, it is necessary to build on the positive dissemination of best practices.

Commonly accepted group forms of legal education are: legal comprehensive education, speeches by military lawyers before personnel, unified days of legal knowledge and information, holding monthly events such as, for example, “Department - Center for Observance of Military Discipline,” show trials, and others.

Group forms include the work of legal circles and corners of legal knowledge.

Individual forms of legal work are important, consisting in individual conversations and consultations with employees of the military prosecutor's office, the use of prosecutorial influence on military personnel who have committed offenses or are prone to violating laws, law and order and military discipline. Stands with information about convictions, mobile courts, and communication of articles of the Criminal Code have a positive effect on military personnel.

In a military unit, individual educational work aimed at instilling discipline and diligence in each soldier plays a great role in maintaining and strengthening law and order and military discipline. It is, perhaps, the most effective and efficient mechanism for junior commanders to maintain law and order and military discipline in the unit. After all, like no one else, sergeants who spend 24 hours in a unit with their subordinates should be well aware of the individual characteristics of each serviceman, based on which they should be able to use the most appropriate methods, forms and means of education. Only the correct organization of individual educational work allows junior commanders to most deeply understand the true state of affairs in the unit and effectively influence the processes occurring in the military collective in the interests of solving the tasks facing them.

Timely and complete elimination of the causes and consequences of indiscipline among military personnel, as well as their violations of law and order and military discipline, is extremely important. This requires painstaking work by junior commanders in this direction. It should be based on the suppression of offenses, as well as on identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions conducive to their commission. Consequently, in order to organize preventive work, sergeants must first of all have a good knowledge of the causes, conditions and reasons for violations, the methodology for identifying and eliminating them, as well as the measures to suppress offenses provided for by law.

One of the most difficult areas in this work is identifying “informal leaders” who contribute to the development of “hazing” and other negative processes in the department. Here, sergeants must rely on the team, public opinion, and the authority of officers. They need to have a sense of conviction that discipline in the unit is a collective matter.

In order to maintain and strengthen law and order and military discipline in each military unit, commanders (chiefs) organize a system of work for officials. One of its important links is the work of junior commanders in maintaining high military discipline in their unit.

It begins with planning activities in the sergeant’s book, continues with their practical implementation and ends with monitoring and reporting on their implementation. In this case, the junior commander must:

Daily:

• 1. Know where his subordinates are, and check them at each formation, report those absent to the higher command.
• 2. Monitor compliance with the daily routine, cleanliness and internal order in the squad (platoon), demand compliance by subordinates with military discipline.
• 3. Conduct individual educational conversations with 1 - 2 military personnel.
• 4. Ensure that subordinates comply with the rules of wearing military uniforms, monitor the cleanliness of their shoes and uniforms, and also conduct a morning inspection.
• 5. Report to the immediate commander about complaints, requests from subordinates, their misconduct and measures taken to prevent offenses, about sick military personnel, penalties imposed, incentives, cases of loss of military and state property.
• 6. Inspect and constantly maintain in order and serviceability the entrusted weapons, military and other equipment and property, and strictly monitor their availability.
• 7. Ensure compliance with safety measures in daily activities.
• 8. Summarize the results of the day, evaluate the attitude of subordinates to the performance of official duties and their personal discipline.
• 9. Take care of subordinates and delve into their needs and requests.
• 10. Prepare and conduct combat training classes with subordinates.

Weekly:

• 1. Talk to each subordinate, paying special attention to young soldiers and military personnel prone to violating military discipline. Find out the reasons and take measures to prevent violations, including imposing penalties.
• 2. Organize additional classes for those lagging behind in the study of general military regulations of the RF Armed Forces.
• 3. Monitor the order and fair distribution of orders among the soldiers of the squad, their dismissal from the unit’s location.
• 4. Report to the platoon commander on the state of military discipline, measures taken to strengthen it and petition for the encouragement of the most distinguished subordinates and the punishment of violators.
• 5. Summarize the results of military discipline, combat training and competition over the past week and set tasks for subordinates for the coming week.

In addition, the junior commander must know:

• 1. List of squad personnel, crew, crew.
• 2. Socio-demographic data for each soldier.3. Information on the number of incentives and penalties for each military personnel.

To ensure that sergeants do not have difficulties in maintaining and strengthening law and order and military discipline, under the personal guidance of the commander of a military unit, his deputies and other experienced teachers, classes should be held to train sergeants in methods of working with subordinates, during which the most appropriate methods and techniques are determined and forms of work to maintain and strengthen law and order and military discipline in the unit, allowing for the effective formation of their moral, psychological, combat qualities, aimed at increasing the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the unit.

Practice shows that the correct application of the forms and methods of work of junior commanders to maintain and strengthen law and order and military discipline in the unit, as well as a systematic and comprehensive approach to solving them, yield positive results.

The main directions of sergeants (foremen) in strengthening military discipline

Sergeants (sergeants), as already mentioned, are the most numerous detachment of the command staff of the Armed Forces. Being trained military specialists, they are the immediate superiors of soldiers and sailors, the organizers of their training and education in peacetime and war. The level of combat training, discipline and moral and psychological state of the unit's personnel largely depends on them. Most sergeants (foremen) also play an active role in the public life of military groups. Many of the most trained of them are assistant leaders of groups for public and state training of personnel, periodically informing soldiers and sailors on issues of the domestic and international life of the country.

At the present stage of development of the Russian Armed Forces, the role of sergeants (foremen) has increased significantly. The army and navy are now equipped with sophisticated weapons and equipment. Their service requires high skill from every soldier included in the squad, crew, and crew. These requirements are especially relevant for junior commanders. First of all, this is instilling in their subordinates personal responsibility and constant readiness for armed defense of the Fatherland. “Defense of the Fatherland,” states Article 59 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, “is the duty and responsibility of a citizen of the Russian Federation.” It follows from this that the defense of the Fatherland is of national importance. This determines the warrior’s personal responsibility for his protection; all other qualities are based on it, on personal responsibility. The responsibility of a warrior is a special category.

Loyalty to constitutional duty is also a core quality of a warrior and forms the backbone of his character. It is fidelity to constitutional duty that enables a warrior to devote all his spiritual and physical strength to military labor, selflessly serve the people, and strengthen the security of the Fatherland. Loyalty to duty inspires a warrior to perform feats in the name of the Motherland.

A concrete expression of the constitutional duty of a military man is military duty. The essence of military duty is set out in Article 24 of the Law “On the Status of Military Personnel”: “Protecting state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, ensuring state security, repelling an armed attack, as well as performing tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.”

In the work of sergeants (foremen) to strengthen military discipline, active and constant patriotic education of subordinates is important. Patriotism, love for the Motherland is the ideological basis for high moral, psychological and combat qualities, discipline of soldiers and sailors. Without this foundation, the army not only cannot function normally, but even exist. The famous Russian military teacher General P.I. Treskin rightly noted: “Without patriotism, a soldier is not a warrior... The spirit of patriotism must lie at the foundation and crown the military system, otherwise it will have no value.” High discipline is achieved when soldiers and sailors are deeply aware of the importance of military discipline, understand its vital necessity and strict duty. Without this, conscientious fulfillment of military duty will remain just a dream. Junior commanders should know this and take this into account in their work. It is no coincidence that in the Disciplinary Regulations the responsibility of a soldier, military discipline and military duty are considered in inextricable unity.

The discipline of soldiers and sailors largely depends on how much they know and fulfill the requirements of the Military Oath and Military Regulations. Military regulations have absorbed the experience of training and educating troops accumulated over centuries and represent a genuine set of laws of military service. Therefore, it is the duty of junior commanders to deeply study the regulations with their subordinates and take care of the strict fulfillment of their requirements.

Practice shows that the effectiveness of this work depends on the extent to which junior commanders themselves know and fulfill the requirements of the regulations and serve as an example for their subordinates in this regard. The use of various forms and methods of studying regulations is of great benefit - exchange of opinions in the department (calculation), meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War and participants in combat operations in Afghanistan and Chechnya, discussion of books read and films watched dedicated to the exploits of our soldiers, etc. . The exactingness of junior commanders and the strict, equal and fair demands from subordinates for the impeccable fulfillment of statutory requirements are invaluable. Russian writer N.A. Dobrolyubov once correctly noted: “The boss must constantly try to show... that he notices everything, looks at everything and always knows whether his order was carried out as he wanted.” When discussing this issue, it is advisable to consider the experience of advanced sergeants - demanding and demanding.

An important place in the work of junior commanders is occupied by the issues of training subordinates in military skills. The laws “On Defense”, “On the Status of Military Personnel”, and military regulations emphasize that military personnel must improve their military skills, maintain weapons and military equipment in constant readiness for use, and take care of military property. Military discipline obliges them to do this. In addition, this requirement is most fully fulfilled primarily by disciplined warriors. It is not difficult to notice that there is an organic, close connection between military discipline, the discipline of soldiers and military skill. This connection is due to the fact that the formation of high moral, psychological and combat qualities and the improvement of military skill is impossible without strong military discipline. A disciplined and efficient warrior treats combat training with full responsibility. He understands well that qualitative changes in weapons, military equipment, and methods of conducting modern combat place more stringent demands on combat readiness. And combat readiness cannot exist without strong, conscious discipline.

It follows from this that sergeants (foremen), while taking care of instilling high conscious discipline in their subordinates, are called upon at the same time to teach them military skills. What is certainly important here is a personal example of excellent possession of weapons and military equipment, and their skillful use. Only in this case do junior commanders have the moral right to educate their subordinates, to instill in them a love of weapons and equipment, and a careful attitude towards them. It is equally important to know the individual characteristics of subordinates and take them into account in the process of training and education. Let's say there are facts when a young soldier is at first frightened by the complexity of technology. He feels uncertain about the possibility of mastering it. The squad leader will act wisely, trying to dispel this wrong opinion and instill in the soldier confidence in his strengths and capabilities. The squad commander must also take into account the unequal level of general training of his subordinates, unequal abilities in studying and mastering weapons and military equipment.

An important direction in the work of sergeants and foremen to strengthen military discipline and maintain strict statutory order in the unit is to instill in subordinates a sense of high vigilance. This is one of the most important requirements of military discipline. The Internal Service Regulations and the Disciplinary Regulations emphasize that military discipline obliges every serviceman to “be vigilant and strictly maintain military and state secrets.”

In its most general form, the vigilance of soldiers lies in their clear understanding of the complexity and danger of the military-political situation in the world, the need to strictly maintain military and state secrets, and the ability to recognize the insidious machinations of the enemy and successfully counteract his subversive activities. And the facts indicate that activities of this nature exist. But the highest manifestation of vigilance is maintaining constant combat readiness.

The work of sergeants (foremen) to strengthen military discipline and maintain strict statutory order in the unit is also carried out in some other areas. Of great importance is the unity of the military team and the use of its capabilities in instilling in subordinates discipline, military camaraderie, and collective responsibility of the entire squad (crew) for the service and behavior of each soldier and sailor. The ability of sergeants and foremen to correctly build relationships with subordinates in accordance with their individual characteristics, and the art of managing interpersonal relationships in a military team, has a very positive effect on strengthening military discipline. In this regard, it is important to know well the real structure of interpersonal relationships in the department, the composition of micro groups, their orientation, leaders, etc. This will facilitate the implementation of substantive educational work to strengthen military discipline and eliminate negative phenomena (hazing, etc.) among soldiers and sailors.

Military groups of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are multinational. Therefore, the work of sergeants (foremen) in the international education of soldiers plays a great role in strengthening military discipline and maintaining high combat readiness. First of all, it is necessary to develop in them respect for national feelings, customs and traditions.

Military regulations emphasize that the main method is the method of persuasion, addressed to the mind and feelings of soldiers. However, he does not at all exclude coercive measures. The work of sergeants and petty officers produces the desired results if they are subject to correct, communicated disciplinary practices. The disciplinary regulations require: not a single violator of military discipline should escape responsibility, but not a single innocent person should be punished. We are talking about a skillful combination and correct application of measures of persuasion, coercion and social influence on soldiers and sailors.

Thus, military discipline is an extremely capacious and broad concept, covering essentially all spheres of life and activity of military personnel. Therefore, the ways, forms and methods of work of junior commanders to educate subordinates in the spirit of unquestioning obedience and diligence, strict adherence to the requirements of the Military Oath and military regulations are diverse. The group leader is recommended to highlight these areas using specific examples from the life of his unit.