How much weight do you gain during pregnancy? When you need a doctor's consultation. Teens and young women
One of the main thoughts that haunt girls long before pregnancy is the fear of gaining a lot of weight. This is partly correct, since many women have problems with being overweight after childbirth. But you should not be afraid of this in advance, and even more so, you cannot postpone pregnancy on this occasion. If you lead an appropriate lifestyle, then the weight during pregnancy will not be excessive. Proper nutrition is the key to the minimum weight gain during the entire nine months of pregnancy.
Weight during pregnancy is normal
The fact that a woman will gain weight during pregnancy is a fact. The main point for the doctor is not the aesthetic side, but the timely identification of a pathological increase. Therefore, during each visit to the gynecologist, the woman gets on the scales and reports the result to the gynecologist.
It is important to know the exact numbers of weight gain, so you should not overeat before going to the doctor and wear too much clothes. You can measure the weight of the house, which will allow you to identify excess weight in time.
Nutrition and weight
In order to control weight during pregnancy, you need to monitor your diet and do not forget about physical activity. Of course, if there is a threat of interruption, then bed rest is necessary and there can be no question of any fitness or pool. But if the pregnancy proceeds without complications, then you need to move as much as possible. Daily walks, morning exercises, exercise for pregnant women should be mandatory. Then the weight during pregnancy will be the norm for all nine months.
An important point is the nature of the diet, and the amount of food eaten. It should be remembered that the child will always take the elements he needs from the mother's blood. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve balance so that there is enough nutrients, but there is no excess either. You should not exclude potatoes or pasta from your diet, but these foods can be limited. But vegetables and meat should be in the diet regularly and in sufficient quantities.
If a woman was overweight before pregnancy, then it is impossible to start losing weight after she became pregnant. Also, you can not lose weight at the stage of planning pregnancy. Losing weight is a difficult process that affects many organs. This can negatively affect the development of the child. Thin girls should not overeat with the thought that this is for the good of the baby. Fast weight gain is no less harmful than fast weight loss. There should be a "golden mean" in everything.
The listed points are the answer to the question: how not to overload the weight during pregnancy? In most cases, subject to basic rules, weight gain can be controlled. Sometimes genetic predisposition or disease tendencies take over, making it harder to keep track of your weight. But in any case, overeating and too high-calorie foods should be avoided. Then, even with bed rest, the weight of a pregnant woman will be within normal limits.
The period of pregnancy is a happy time for a woman, but a very difficult period for her body. To provide the child with good nutrition, the load on all body systems increases. Therefore, it is very important to control the course of gestation, starting from 10-12 weeks.
Weight gain is an important indicator of the normal course of pregnancy. After conception, the placenta, the fetal bladder with fluid and the embryo itself are formed in the uterus. Within 10 months, the fetus grows with the placenta, which leads to an increase in the woman's body weight, and this is the norm. Consider how much a woman can get better during pregnancy.
Why weight gains during pregnancy
Weight gain during gestation is an important condition for the successful development of a baby. Doctors identify a number of physiological factors that provoke an increase in a woman's body weight:
- Fetal growth... During gestation, the baby gains weight, respectively, the mother's body weight also increases.
- Placenta growth... The placenta or baby's place is the organ that provides the connection between the mother and the baby, it grows with the fetus.
- Increase in the volume and mass of the uterus... Before pregnancy, the uterus is very small and weighs only 50 grams. But as the baby grows, it stretches, and its weight increases 10 times.
- Filling the uterus with amniotic fluid... As you know, the embryo is in the amniotic fluid, the amount of which increases with the growth of the child.
- Increasing the volume of circulating fluid in a woman's body. Since you need to provide nutrition for the child and remove more waste products, there is more urine and blood.
- Breast enlargement... The pregnant woman's breast prepares for feeding, it swells, the glands begin to produce colostrum.
- Fat formation... This is how the woman's body takes care of the child, ensuring that in case of hunger, he has enough nutrients for normal growth and development.
The weight of a pregnant woman normally increases with the size of the abdomen. Therefore, in the first trimester, there is usually no increase, and in the presence of toxicosis, a woman can even lose weight by 3-5 kg, depending on the severity of this phenomenon.
In the 2-3 trimesters, when the main organs of the fetus are already formed and it begins to grow actively, the woman is gaining weight. How exactly the increase will occur depends on the body of a particular woman. Factors that affect pregnancy weight:
- Body weight before gestation... The more a woman weighs, the more there is an increase during pregnancy. During the period of bearing a baby, it is very difficult to reconsider your lifestyle completely and start eating in a completely different way.
- The amount of weight lost in the first weeks... The more a woman loses, the more and faster she will gain, as the body will try to compensate for the lost body fat. Therefore, you should not rush to all the bad and overeat after the disappearance of nausea.
- Age... The older a pregnant woman is, the more likely she is to gain a lot of extra pounds. The fact is that with age, metabolic processes are worse, and the likelihood of complications increases. In women after 35 years, the pathological course of gestation is more often observed.
- Wrong attitude to nutrition... Overeating is the most common cause of excess weight during pregnancy, as many women start eating for two without restricting themselves.
In most cases, a pathological increase can be avoided if you control your diet, lead a healthy lifestyle and be regularly examined in an antenatal clinic.
Weight gain by week
What should be the weight of a woman at the end of pregnancy can be calculated approximately based on the reasons for its increase. So, the child himself before childbirth will weigh from 3 to 4 kg on average. The uterus weighs 400-500 g, and another 1000-1 300 g amniotic fluid. The body of a pregnant woman will necessarily store fat and water, the weight of which ranges from 3 to 4 kg. Thus, a woman normally gains 9-15 kg. If multiple pregnancies are expected, then the increase is 15-20 kg.
The calculation of normal weight gain by week is carried out separately for each woman, since the result will depend on individual indicators. First of all, you need to find out your body mass index. To do this, you need to take your weight before pregnancy in kilograms, divide it by the square of your height in meters. For example, if a woman's weight is 55 kg and her height is 1.68 m, then the BMI will be 55 / (1.68 * 1.68) = 19.4.
Weight gain rates by week in the table:
| Week of pregnancy | BMI gain<19.8 | Weight gain at BMI 19.8 -26.0 | Weight gain at BMI> 26.0 |
| 2 | 500 g | 500 g | 500 g |
| 4 | 900 g | 700 g | 500 g |
| 6 | 1.5KG | 1 kg | 600 g |
| 8 | 1.7 kg | 1.2KG | 700 g |
| 10 | 1.9 kg | 1.3KG | 800 g |
| 12 | 2 Kg | 1.5KG | 900 g |
| 14 | 2.6KG | 1.9 kg | 1 kg |
| 16 | 3.2 kg | 2.3 kg | 1.4 Kg |
| 18 | 4.5KG | 3.6KG | 2.3 kg |
| 20 | 5.4 kg | 4.8KG | 2.9 kg |
| 22 | 6.8 kg | 5.7 kg | 3.4 kg |
| 24 | 7.7 kg | 6.4 kg | 3.9 kg |
| 26 | 8.6 kg | 7.7 kg | 5 Kg |
| 28 | 9.8 kg | 8.2 kg | 5.4 kg |
| 30 | 10.3 kg | 9.1 kg | 5.9 kg |
| 32 | 11.3 kg | 10 Kg | 6.4 kg |
| 34 | 12.5 kg | 10.9 kg | 7.3 kg |
| 36 | 13.6 kg | 11.8 kg | 7.9 kg |
| 38 | 14.5 kg | 12.7 kg | 8.5KG |
| 40 | 15 Kg | 13.5 kg | 9 Kg |
Thus, the more weight a woman has during pregnancy, the less intensively she should gain weight while carrying a baby. This is due to the fact that there is already sufficient body fat for the normal development of the fetus, so there is no need to accumulate excess fat.
Women with a lack of fat mass, on the contrary, need to gain weight, introduce nutritious and high-calorie foods into the diet. This is necessary in order for the child to gain sufficient weight before childbirth and to be well formed, strengthened.
Causes and complications of being overweight
After being registered with gynecology, every pregnant woman is recommended to come to the appointment regularly, at least once every 2 weeks. During the examination, the doctor assesses the patient's appearance, listens to complaints, if any, and also weighs and records the results without fail.
According to the norms, the pregnant woman should gradually increase the weight. In the second trimester, the weight grows by 200 g per week, and in the third by 500-600 g. If there is too rapid an increase in weight, for example, by 2 kg per week, then complications can be suspected.
Excess weight during pregnancy can indicate such disorders:
- obesity on the background of overeating;
- fluid retention in kidney pathology.
Both of these conditions increase the likelihood of gestosis and the development of complications during childbirth. So, obesity and being overweight lead to a problem during labor. Often it becomes difficult for a woman with enormous excess weight to bear a child in the last weeks, she does not move much, which causes constipation and other difficulties.
It is important to note here that we are talking about exactly the excess weight that appeared during the period of bearing a child, since it is a sharp set that becomes a great stress for the body.
The greatest danger is created by a condition in which weight gain is observed against the background of kidney pathology. The fact is that during pregnancy, the load on the urinary system increases significantly. Due to the increased volume of fluid in the body, the kidneys work with a vengeance, filtering a huge amount of fluid.
If a woman is completely healthy, then no violations will arise. But if there are pathological changes in the kidneys, they will no longer cope with their work. As a result, fluid will begin to accumulate in the tissues of the body, causing internal and external edema.
And the toxins that the kidneys did not have time to remove will begin to poison the body, provoking a deterioration in the woman's condition, an increase in blood pressure. All this leads to gestosis, preeclampsia and emergency caesarean section.
It is because of the development of such pathologies that doctors closely monitor weight gain. And even if a woman does not have edema outwardly, this does not mean that the kidneys are doing the job. The fluid can accumulate in the inner layers, and outwardly the woman will look quite healthy until serious complications occur.
Causes and consequences of being underweight
Excessive weight gain is a more formidable complication than insufficient weight gain, but poor weight gain can also have negative consequences. The most common cause of poor weight gain is the patient's initial underweight. So, if a woman was very thin before giving birth, ate little, then most likely nothing will change during pregnancy.
It is important to note that the lack of body weight of a woman during pregnancy planning also creates some problems. In thin women, anovulatory cycles, irregular menstruation, endometrial hypoplasia are more often observed. All this significantly reduces the likelihood of successful conception, normal implantation and embryo development.
Also, the cause of poor recruitment can be severe toxicosis. In some cases, nausea and vomiting pursue a woman for all 40 weeks, which is a rather serious violation.
Weight gain problems are also observed in women who do not monitor their diet. In the modern rhythm of life, girls often eat haphazardly and wherever they go. During pregnancy, you need to take this issue responsibly. It is recommended to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions; the diet should contain a lot of vegetables and fruits, dairy products, meat and fish.
The consequences of poor nutrition are always negative, both for the mother and the baby. First of all, the woman's body suffers greatly, because it gives all the available substances to the developing fetus. For example, if a baby asks for calcium to form its bones, the mother's body will find it by any means, but teeth, nails, bones will suffer, they will become brittle and thin.
In the absence of certain elements, the child will also begin to suffer. Against the background of starvation of the mother, the baby may develop malformations, and such children are often born with insufficient body weight, that is, weigh less than 3 kg. Unfortunately, low birth weight babies are much more likely to be susceptible to infections, have a weakened immune system and develop worse in the first months of life. Of course, this is not always the case, but the risks are quite high.
To avoid pathological weight gain or lack of weight, it is necessary to treat the planning and gestation period correctly, monitor your condition and be regularly examined in the antenatal clinic.
During the planning period, it is easiest to adjust your weight in order to avoid complications in the future. If a woman is obese, it is better to reconsider her diet and exercise. If you can reduce fat mass, it will be much easier to carry a pregnancy.
Underweight women need to start eating well. This does not mean that you can eat everything to gain weight. To normalize the reproductive system, a balanced diet is enough. To do this, it is advisable to calculate the KBZHU, according to age and physical activity, and adhere to the plan.
During pregnancy, strict diets are prohibited, even if there is a pathological increase. On the recommendation of a gynecologist, a fasting day can be carried out once a week, the rest of the time the diet should be balanced. Women are advised to eat:
- cereals;
- vegetables;
- fruits;
- berries;
- nuts, honey;
- eggs;
- meat and fish;
- dairy.
It is better to exclude from the diet all food with dyes, preservatives, too salty and spicy, sweet. This limitation especially applies to women with kidney pathologies, since junk food leads to the fact that urine begins to irritate the organs of the urinary system and provoke inflammatory processes.
Important during pregnancy and drinking regimen. Both an excess of fluid and a lack of it can lead to the formation of edema. Therefore, a woman should drink at least 2 liters per day of clean water without gas.
Pregnancy for each expectant mother proceeds in its own way: for someone the wonderful 9 months are given easily, someone suffers from unbearable toxicosis, back pain, headache, edema, constipation, etc. during the gestation period.
Newborn crumbs differ little in terms of weight from each other, their mothers, while carrying the fetus, gain different amounts of kg, fit into the norms or gaining excess. Some women do not gain weight at all or lose it at all. We will understand all these subtleties in this article.
Weight gain rate
It is a misconception that weight is gained only for the needs of the fetus. A set of kilograms with a certain margin is necessary for the development of pregnancy in general and the subsequent life of a newborn.
| Weight distribution | Weight | % of total weight gain |
| The weight of the child at the time of delivery is 2500-4000 g, and it increases significantly during the last weeks of pregnancy | 25-30 % | |
|
400-600 g | 5 % |
|
1-1.5 liters by 37 weeks, 800 ml at the time of delivery | 10 % |
|
1000 at the time of delivery | 10 % |
|
1.5KG | 25 % |
|
1.5-2 kg | |
|
0.5KG | |
|
3-4 kg | 25-30 % |
| Total | 10-15 kg | 100% |
How to track weight gain?
Of course, weight must be controlled. From the first day of a confirmed pregnancy, a woman should buy a good scale and start a notebook or sheet of paper in which she will note the weekly weight gain.
- It is necessary to weigh in one day weekly;
- In the morning;
- With or without clothing;
- Before meals;
- By emptying the bowels and bladder.
Normal weight gain during pregnancy
Weight gain occurs unevenly, not only by week, but also with individual characteristics: someone gains weight already from the moment of conception, and someone notices weight gain only from 20 weeks.
- At standard flow about 40% of the weight gain occurs in the first half, and the remaining 60% in the second half of pregnancy.
- Average rate of weight gain during the first three months it is 0.2 kg weekly, but it is during this period that many have toxicosis, someone even goes into a minus.
- For the first three months the expectant mother is gaining about 2-3 kg.
- The second trimester is characterized by the improvement of the general condition of the woman and an increase in appetite - it is during this period that the most intense weight gain will fall. A woman gains about 300-400 g per week.
- On the last dates weight gain, as a rule, is suspended, sometimes the weight decreases slightly against the background of hormonal changes associated with preparation for delivery and due to the removal of excess water.
What indicators does weight gain depend on?
There is no single rate of weight gain under which all pregnant women could be summed up. The optimal set in weight directly depends on the initial weight to an interesting position: the smaller it is, the more it is allowed to set during gestation. So, as a rule, this is what happens - overweight women gain a little and become "visually pregnant" only at a later date, it is much more difficult for thin women to hide pregnancy.
- To determine whether normal, low or overweight is initially, the calculation of the body mass index (BMI) allows you to calculate which figures for height and weight are needed - before pregnancy!
- BMI equals weight (body mass) in kilograms divided by the woman's height in meters squared.
- Example: 50 kg at 160 cm, 50 / (1.6 * 1.6) = 19.5 BMI
Optimal set of kg during gestation - decoding BMI
Weekly gain table based on baseline BMI
The norm of weight by weeks of pregnancy depends on the weight before pregnancy, on the basis of which it is necessary to calculate the BMI:
| A week | BMI less than 18.5 kg | BMI 18.5-25 | BMI over 30 |
| 4 | 0 - 0.9 kg | 0 - 0.7 kg | 0 - 0.5 kg |
| 6 | 0 - 1.4 kg | 0 - 1 kg | 0 - 0.6 kg |
| 8 | 0 - 1.6 kg | 0 - 1.2 kg | 0 - 0.7 kg |
| 10 | 0 - 1.8 kg | 0 - 1.3 kg | 0 - 0.8 kg |
| 12 | 0 - 2 kg | 0 - 1.5 kg | 0 - 1 kg |
| 14 | 0.5 - 2.7 kg | 0.5 - 2 kg | 0.5 - 1.2 kg |
| 16 | up to 3.6 kg | up to 3 kg | up to 1.4 kg |
| 18 | up to 4.6 kg | up to 4 kg | up to 2.3 kg |
| 20 | up to 6 kg | up to 5.9 kg | up to 2.9 kg |
| 22 | up to 7.2 kg | up to 7 kg | up to 3.4 kg |
| 24 | up to 8.6 kg | up to 8.5 kg | up to 3.9 kg |
| 26 | up to 10 kg | up to 10 kg | up to 5 kg |
| 28 | up to 13 kg | up to 11 kg | up to 5.4 kg |
| 30 | up to 14 kg | up to 12 kg | up to 5.9 kg |
| 32 | up to 15 kg | up to 13 kg | up to 6.4 kg |
| 34 | up to 16 kg | up to 14 kg | up to 7.3 kg |
| 36 | up to 17 kg | up to 15 kg | up to 7.9 kg |
| 38 | up to 18 kg | up to 16 kg | up to 8.6 kg |
| 40 | up to 18 kg | up to 16 kg | up to 9.1 kg |
I would like to pay special attention to the issue of nutrition for women who are initially overweight. Pregnancy is definitely not going to be the easiest period since the weight will have to be kept under control, but it means it's time to starve! Refusal to eat is fraught with disturbances in the development of the fetus and the release of toxins into the bloodstream due to the breakdown of fats. The recommended diet will be determined by the gynecologist!
What threatens underweight or overweight during gestation?
The optimal is a smooth weight gain without visible jumps, which ultimately fits into the recommended indicators. Both lack and excess weight threaten the health of the fetus and the expectant mother.
Insufficient weight gain and inadequate nutrition can lead to malnutrition of the newborn and various options for intrauterine growth retardation. Children born with a weight of less than 2.5 kg are at risk of developing various physical and mental pathologies. Insufficient intake of nutrients in the body of a woman carrying a child leads to hormonal disruptions and increases the threat of miscarriage and early birth. Even a tendency to lose weight or the absence of at least some weight gain should be the reason for an urgent visit to the doctor.
Excess weight should be alarming no less shortage:
- more than 2 kg per week for any period;
- more than 4 kg in the first 3 months;
- more than 1.5 kg monthly for the second trimester;
- more than 800 g weekly in the third trimester.
An excessive increase can lead to an increase in blood pressure, the development of diabetes mellitus, varicose veins, osteochondrosis, premature aging of the placenta, complications in childbirth.
The biggest danger of being overweight is latent or overt swelling. In this case, the plus on the scales is not associated with overeating, but is a consequence of the fact that the body, or rather the excretory system, cannot cope with the load and fluid begins to accumulate in tissues and organs. Edema threatens the development of late toxicosis, with an increase (see).
Explicit swelling can be noticed on your own: if after removing the socks on the legs there is a trace, the jewelry is hardly removed from the finger, the face looks puffy, and urination is rare - you have swelling, you should urgently go to the doctor. Latent edema can only be detected by a doctor, so you cannot neglect the planned visits that a gynecologist prescribes, even if you feel great.
How not to gain weight
Do not overeat
The advice of caring mothers and grandmothers that now you can eat for two is absolutely wrong. The body must receive the proper amount of nutrients, but without overloading, both in portions of food and in time. You need to eat a little, but more often than usual. On average, an increase in calories by 200-300 calories more than the usual diet is considered normal, but these figures cannot be guided by everyone without exception, especially women who are obese.
Fight constipation
One of the unfavorable factors affecting weight is a tendency to constipation, since a rare bowel movement not only increases weight on the scales, but also negatively affects the general condition of the body, slagging it (see outside pregnancy). Especially often pregnant women suffer from constipation in the later stages. For obvious reasons, you cannot use it regularly. The best thing:
- At night there is a portion of fresh white cabbage salad - in the morning there will be a bowel movement
- Eat 2-3 dried apricots or prunes every day, in the summer you can eat fresh apricots or plums
- According to the doctor's prescription, you can take such a safe and effective prebiotic (osmotic laxative) as Lactulose - Normase, Portalak syrup, Lactulose Poly, Goodluck, Lactulose Stada, Livolyuk-PB, Romfalak. It is approved for use at any stage of pregnancy.
Avoid useless, harmful and quickly absorbed carbohydrates
Avoid sweets, baked goods, sweets, and pastries. Nothing contributes to the addition of unnecessary fatty deposits as all kinds of puff, shortbread cookies, with and without filling, buns, rolls, cakes, pastries, ice cream, etc. Give them up completely if they tend to be overweight and have already gained extra pounds.
In addition, all these products are saturated with food additives and such (palm, coconut, rapeseed) that load the digestive tract, contribute to the development of obesity, and according to the results of some research by scientists - even oncology.
Arrange light fasting days
They help not only to normalize the emerging tendency to gain excess weight, but in general they will give some respite to the body. It is enough to arrange unloading once every 2 weeks. Fasting day, again, does not mean starvation! On this day, most of the usual diet should be replaced with vegetables or low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, and some liquid should be limited.
Be reasonably physically active
Daily walks in the fresh air will not only prevent excess fat from forming, but are also beneficial for the baby, since the mother's blood is saturated with oxygen. You should not completely give up feasible homework and familiar things.
The other way around is to gain the missing weight.
If the weight stubbornly stands still, there are some guidelines for gaining it:
- Eat 5-6 times a day, but not overload;
- With painful toxicosis, you still need to eat, in small pieces, waiting out the attacks of nausea. You can eat in the fresh air, at night in bed - i.e. in an environment in which the manifestations of toxicosis are minimal.
- Carry a healthy snack with you: nuts, biscuits, banana, cheese, dried fruits, yoghurts;
- Eat peanut butter, which is rich in energy and protein (if you are not allergic to it);
- Season dishes with sour cream, olive oil, butter, cream (but not mayonnaise);
- Drink enough liquid, do not neglect dairy and fermented milk products.
How to safely stop excess weight gain
Naturally, no strict or mono diets for pregnant women will work.
Losing weight or keeping it at certain numbers will help a complete rejection of flour products from wheat flour and confectionery, fast food, as well as salty, spicy and smoked foods that cause thirst, forcing you to drink excess liquid.
- The menu should contain complex carbohydrates (300-350 g daily): whole grain cereals, vegetables and seasonal fruits.
- You cannot limit fish and meat (100-120 g per day), but the menu should include dietary and lean varieties of these products: rabbit, turkey, beef, pike perch, cod, navaga.
- Butter is allowed in the amount of 10 g per day, it is better to replace refined sunflower oil with unrefined one.
- Cooking method - steaming, boiling, stewing.
- Meals should be moderate, for 1 meal - no more than 1-2 dishes.
- You can not refuse lunch and breakfast, but dinner can be replaced with a dairy product.
- The optimal ratio of calories by meals: breakfast 30%, 2nd breakfast 10%, lunch 40%, afternoon tea and dinner - 10% each.
- It is permissible to drink a glass of water 10-15 minutes before meals.
- Salt is reduced to 5 g per day.
- The usual desserts should be replaced with low-fat yogurt or cottage cheese.
- The last meal should be at 19.00.
- After dinner, a quiet stroll is recommended.
Of the liquids, clean drinking water should be preferred. The recommended 1.5 liters should be divided into 3 parts, two of which should be drunk by 16.00, and the rest - by 20.00. Such a system will avoid edema and give the kidneys a relief at night.
Flour products: dietary salt-free, bran, rye bread up to 100-150 g per day.
- Soups: vegetables with limitation of pasta, cereals and potatoes up to 200 g daily.
- Meat and meat products: steam dumplings, meatballs, puddings, zrazy, beftroganes from pre-boiled meat, aspic - up to 150 g per day.
- Fish: steamed soufflé, mashed potatoes, stewed fillets up to 150 g per day.
- Milk and dairy products: whole milk 1 glass per day, low-fat cottage cheese 150 g, low-fat yoghurts, yogurt up to 200 g per day.
- Eggs: 1-2 weekly as steamed omelettes and soft-boiled.
- Cereals and side dishes: the most useful are oatmeal, buckwheat porridge, cereals in soups. If the amount of cereals increases, you should limit bread on this day.
- Vegetables: zucchini, cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, herbs. Preferably fresh or steam soufflés, mashed potatoes.
- Snacks: vegetable salads, low-fat ham, aspic fish, meat.
- Sauces: from low-fat cottage cheese with herbs, low-fat sour cream, milk sauces.
- Spices: bay leaf, herbs, cloves. In limited quantities.
- Fruits and berries: sweet and sour fresh.
- The drinks: weak tea with 1/3 of milk, unsweetened juices in half with water, natural fruit drinks without sugar.
I began to think about this topic more and more often. Doctors do not scold yet, but everything is ahead)
Maybe someone will be interested!
This question worries most expectant mothers: how much weight should you gain during pregnancy? After all, both excessive and insufficient weight gain can be harmful for mom., and for the child.
Women who eat too little and do not gain enough weight run the risk of giving birth to an underweight baby (less than 2.5 kg). Which is fraught with physical or psychological problems in the child. Malnutrition during pregnancy can do more harm than overeating. Inadequate nutrition during pregnancy can damage your baby's brain and metabolism. In addition, your production of the hormone estrogen can drop, increasing your risk of miscarriage.
Gaining excess weight for expectant mothers during pregnancy is also undesirable. Gaining too much weight can increase the risk of so-called gestational diabetes and preeclampsia (late toxicosis). Pregnancy-related diabetes can result in an overweight baby (over 4 kg), while preeclampsia is characterized by life-threatening high blood pressure and can lead to more serious seizure disorders. In addition, a mother who has seriously exceeded her normal weight gain during pregnancy may have difficulty giving birth. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy will also prevent moms from losing weight quickly after childbirth.
Optimal weight gain mainly depends on your pre-pregnancy weight. Moreover, the less your own weight, the more you can gain during pregnancy.
If your weight is below normal - weight gain can be 12.5 - 18 kg.
With a normal weight - 11.5 - 16 kg.
Overweight - 7 - 11.5 kg.
For obesity - 6 kg or less (or as recommended by your doctor).
With multiple pregnancies - 16 - 21 kg (regardless of your own weight).
The body mass index is calculated as follows: the body weight is divided by the height squared in meters (for example: 1.70 m).
Index less than 18.5 - underweight.
Index from 18.5 to 25 - normal weight
Index from 25 to 30 - overweight
An index over 30 is obesity.
What are all these kilograms spent on?
Child 3 - 3.5 kg.
Placenta 500 g.
Uterus 1 kg
Amniotic fluid 1 kg.
Breast augmentation 500 g.
Additional blood - 1.5 kg.
Water in your body 1.5 - 2 kg
Additional deposits of fat in the maternal body 3 - 4 kg.
Weight gain rate highly individual. In some months you can gain more, in some less. Some women begin to gain weight, starting from the first days of pregnancy, and then slow down, while others, on the contrary, may begin to rapidly gain weight after 20 weeks. Any of the options is perfectly normal if it does not go beyond the optimal set. With a normal weight during the first trimester, you should gain about 1.5 kg (2 kg - if underweight, 800 g - if overweight.
During the second and third trimesters weight gain is accelerating. Between 14 and 28 weeks of gestation, women of normal weight can gain about 300g weekly. At the ninth month, the weight may slightly decrease - by 0.5 - 1 kg - this is completely normal, and is caused by the preparation of the body for childbirth.
How much you should eat. Although women need to gain enough weight during pregnancy to produce a normal-sized baby, American researchers have found that only an increase in lean mass, and not an increase in fat mass, affects baby size. And the more fat mass women gain during pregnancy, the more excess fat they have after childbirth. Conversely, an increase in lean mass does not affect a woman's postpartum weight. In no case should you eat "for two" during pregnancy
During the first trimester, you only need 200 additional calories per day, during the second and third trimester, 300 calories. Try to ensure that these extra calories come from wholesome "healthy" foods: servings of muesli or cereal with milk or fresh fruit + yogurt. You may feel hungry starting in the 13th week of pregnancy, when the level of estrogen, an appetite stimulant, increases in your blood. If the increase in appetite does not lead to excess weight gain, then this is normal.
You cannot starve and arrange fasting days. If the rate of weight gain is too high - first of all, limit the use of animal fat and sweets. Do not limit yourself to complex carbohydrates, especially grains, black bread, as well as fruits and vegetables. Sudden jumps in weight (back and forth) lead to a sharp increase in pressure, which in itself is dangerous during pregnancy. So if you decide that you are gaining too much weight, do not abruptly reduce the amount of food you eat, do it gradually.
Try not to eat a lot of chocolate, in addition to a large amount of calories and fat, it also contains a lot of caffeine, which prevents the body from absorbing iron and folic acid, which in turn are responsible for delivering oxygen to the baby. In addition, caffeine impairs calcium absorption. Limit coffee and strong black tea for the same reason.
With toxicosis you have to eat anyway. Eat smaller meals and often more acid is secreted in an empty stomach, which, for lack of anything better, eats the walls of the stomach, which also leads to nausea.
Small swelling are considered normal during pregnancy. If the kidneys are working properly, then you should not limit yourself to fluid. You need to drink at least 6 standard glasses of water a day, and be sure to drink if you are thirsty. After all, the amniotic fluid is completely renewed every 3 hours, and this requires water.
Your baby can help you lose weight after pregnancy.
Of course, some fat deposition during pregnancy is inevitable, this is absolutely normal and should be reconciled with this. After giving birth, you can quickly regain your previous weight if you are willing enough. If you are breastfeeding, you may be amazed at how much your appetite has increased. This is one of the ways that nature is intelligent: it is important that your child gets all the nutrients he needs, and the feeling of wild hunger helps to ensure that with plenty of food, the child gets everything he needs. In fact, you don't have to eat a lot, the main thing is to eat quality healthy food. Because the lactation
Requires even more energy than pregnancy, your body will need 500 more calories daily than usual.
But no matter what you do, in no case go on a diet and do not starve. Eat enough calories, avoid "empty" foods that do not provide a lot of protein, vitamins or minerals, and drink plenty of fluids. You can drink a glass of liquid before each meal, this will dull the feeling of hunger. Try to eat fractionally: several times a day in small portions. In order not to feel hunger at night, you should drink a glass of milk or kefir at night. Be careful with your exercise too.
You cannot overwork, and some exercises can be simply dangerous during this period. After a caesarean section, you need to be especially careful about exercise. Do not lift or carry heavy objects. Also avoid any activities that strain your abdomen. If the birth took place naturally and without complications, you can, after just a week after birth, begin to perform the lightest exercises - stretching and stretching exercises, walking, slow bends. You can also start doing Kegel exercises: alternately squeezing and relaxing the muscles of the vagina.
Your child can help you lose weight.
Take him in your arms more often and walk with him. This is a great workout for your arm muscles. As the child gains weight (approximately 2.5 to 9 kilograms per year), your load will gradually increase. Walking with a stroller is also an excellent physical activity. Start right in the morning, while walking, maintain a good pace, and you will not notice how the gained pounds melt by themselves. The main thing is to be patient, take your time - what has been accumulated in 9 months cannot be reset in 3 days.
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What determines the weight gain during pregnancy by week and how not to gain too much.
Pregnancy is a special time in the life of every mom. And it runs in every woman in her own way. Some almost all 9 months suffer from nausea, vomiting, struggle with manifestations of heartburn, sleep disturbances, for others, pregnancy does not bring such inconvenience.
Weight gain is also an individual indicator. Some women, while carrying a child, practically do not gain extra pounds (and sometimes lose weight), while others are rapidly gaining weight. What determines the weight gain in the "interesting position"? Are there norms for gaining kilograms?
Weight gain reasons
There are several reasons for weight gain during pregnancy. For convenience, we will divide them into objective and subjective.
Objective reasons
The weight of a pregnant woman increases as new life grows in the uterus. Body weight is growing due to changes in the female body, in recent months the weight "consists" of:- 2500-4000 g - the weight of the unborn child;
- 400-600 g - placenta;
- 1-1.5 l - amniotic fluid (0.8 l before childbirth);
- 1000 g - uterus;
- 1.5 kg - blood;
- 1.5-2 kg - intercellular fluid;
- 0.5 kg - increase in breast volume;
- 3-4 kg - the fat reserve, which is needed for successful breastfeeding.
Subjective reasons
Subjective reasons include insufficient physical activity of the expectant mother, improper diet. In such cases, specialist advice is required, it is forbidden to take any action on your own, as this can harm the child and mother.
Weight gain rates
Weight gain, as well as throughout pregnancy, is individual for each mom. The boundaries of the norm are calculated by the doctor at the reception. There are some guidelines that specialists rely on:
- most of the weight is gained after 4-5 months (60%);
- weekly weight gain in 1 trimester is 200 g, although with severe toxicosis, the weight may decrease. For the entire 1 trimester, 2-3 kg is gained;
- in the 2nd trimester, weight gains more intensively. The expectant mother gains an average of 0.3-0.4 kg (per week);
- in the last months of pregnancy, kilograms are not gained so intensively. This is due to the approaching childbirth, hormonal and physical preparation of the body for the appearance of crumbs.
The expectant mother should monitor her weight on a daily basis and (if possible) record the change in her body weight.
The control
Every pregnant woman needs weight control on a daily basis. In the morning (before breakfast), a woman should weigh herself and record the result. Before measuring weight is:
- take off clothes (weighing in a light robe or shirt is allowed, the main thing is that the clothes do not change during the subsequent weighing);
- go to the toilet.
The norm is not the norm
Weight gain during pregnancy is an individual indicator that depends on the "initial" weight (before pregnancy). As a rule, large girls gain less than slender ones.
BMI (body mass index) is used to calculate baseline results.
BMI is calculated based on height and weight before pregnancy. The calculation is made according to the formula: weight (in kg) divided by height in meters (squared).
So, for a mother weighing 80 kg and a height of 1.90 m, BMI will be calculated as follows:
80 / 1.90 * 1.90 = 22.16 (normal BMI)
The optimal weight gain is presented in the form of a table
As you can see from the table, slender girls (BMI normal or below normal) can gain more kilograms without harm to their health than their large (BMI overweight or obese) "friends".
The weight gain will look like this:
|
Pregnancy period (week) |
BMI less than 18.5 Increase (gr) |
Increase (gr) |
BMI over 30 Increase (gr) |
Lack or surplus
Underweight, as well as gaining excess weight, is fraught with unpleasant consequences, both for the mother herself and for the fetus.
So, if the mother does not gain weight, the fetus may have a delay in physical development. Children whose birth weight was 2500g (or less) are at increased risk of developing mental and physical illnesses. Lack of weight disrupts the hormonal balance in the body, which leads to disruptions, sometimes causing miscarriages or premature birth. Lack of weight is a serious reason for a visit to the doctor.
Excessive weight gain is also dangerous. It is considered redundant:
- weight gain of more than 2000 g per week (any period);
- set over 4000 g (first trimester);
- more than 1500 g per month (2nd trimester);
- more than 800 g per week (3 trimester).
Excessive gain is fraught with increased pressure, diabetes mellitus, oxygen starvation of the fetus, aging of the placenta, and late toxicosis. The main danger of rapid weight gain lies in hidden edema, which is a consequence of the imperfect work of the excretory system. These edemas provoke the appearance of toxicosis, malfunctioning of the kidneys.
Such edema can be noticed by a specialist who should be contacted at the first suspicion (puffiness of the limbs, rare urination).
Fighting more
The fight against excess weight must be carried out carefully so as not to harm your body and the body of the fetus. The nutritional rules are the simplest:
- you can not overeat. An increase in the calorie content of the diet by 200-300 calories is considered normal for the expectant mother (these numbers will not work for obese women, consultation with a gynecologist is necessary);
- fight constipation. Untimely cleansing of the body slags it, so constipation must be fought. Of course, expectant mothers cannot often use laxatives; correction of the diet can help. To solve intestinal problems will help:
- vegetable salads, cabbage salads (white cabbage) at night;
- fresh or dried fruits (prunes, plums, dried apricots, apricots), 1-2 fruits per day;
- prebiotics (as prescribed by a specialist).
We collect the missing
Some expectant mothers have the opposite problem - how to gain kilograms? There are also a number of recommendations on this score:
- do not skip meals, even with severe toxicosis, you must force yourself to eat;
- eat often (5 to 6 times a day);
- always carry snacks in your purse (biscuits, bananas, nuts, yoghurts);
- consume peanut butter (if there is no allergy);
- replace vegetable oil with olive oil, exclude mayonnaise and mayonnaise-based sauces;
- drink a sufficient amount of liquid, consume fermented milk products.
I began to gain weight only after 30 weeks, before that I had toxicosis, then steress, during which I even lost weight. But by the end of pregnancy, the increase was standard - 12 kg, almost everything went away during childbirth and during the first month of active breastfeeding. Now I remember the period of feeding and pregnancy as a time when I could eat a lot and even lose weight. But I did not eat everything, I strictly followed preservatives, dyes, etc. What pregnant women can and cannot eat (list). The photo is 8 months old. 
Normal menu of the expectant mother
Strict diets are not suitable for expectant mothers. It is necessary to stop weight gain by correcting the diet. At the first stage, you need to exclude flour products, fast food, salinity, smoking.
The daily menu of the expectant mother should consist of:
- complex carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits, cereals) - 300-350 g;
- fish (cod, pike perch);
- meat (beef, rabbit meat);
- poultry (turkey, chicken)
- In total, the daily rate of poultry, fish or meat should be 100-120 g.
- unrefined olive oil;
- butter (10 g)
- cottage cheese or yogurt (instead of the usual dessert);
- salt (no more than 5 g per day).
- steam, stew or boil food;
- one meal should include 1-2 meals (eat in moderation);
- do not give up the first meals (breakfast and lunch), dinner can be replaced with a light snack (kefir, yogurt);
- dinner no later than 19:00 (or 3 hours before bedtime);
After dinner, it's best to go for a walk. This is both physical activity and fresh air, which are so useful for a mother and her child.
It is best to drink water (1.5 liters per day). This amount is divided into 3 parts, 2 of which are drunk before 16:00, and the remaining 1 part - until 22:00. This water intake will reduce the burden on the kidneys at night and will prevent edema.
It is important for the expectant mother to eat so that the baby receives the maximum amount of nutrients. The daily diet can consist of:
- vegetable soups (no pasta, potatoes and cereals) - 200 g;
- meat products: light cutlets, zraz, fillet - 150 g;
- milk (250 g), cottage cheese (150 g), yogurt or yogurt (200 g);
- chicken eggs (1-2 soft-boiled or scrambled eggs);
- any vegetables (steamed or eaten fresh);
- appetizers: vegetable salads, aspic with fish or meat, ham;
- sauces based on sour cream or milk;
- berries, fruits (all sweet and sour fruits, eat berries raw); drinks: tea diluted with milk, juice diluted with water (50/50), unsweetened fruit drinks.
“We are what we eat,” said Hippocrates. Nutrition determines our physical and emotional health. It is especially important to monitor their nutrition for expectant mothers, because they are responsible not only for their health, but also for the health of the future baby.