Toxicosis of pregnant women: early, late and rare types. What is toxicosis during pregnancy

02.09.2019

Pregnancy toxicosis is a very common pathology diagnosed in the first weeks after conception. It is interesting that the reasons for this phenomenon have not yet been precisely clarified by scientists. There are only guesses. We will consider the toxicosis of pregnant women, what it is, the most popular versions of the onset of this pathology, its symptoms and treatment.

Causes, timing, treatment of malaise in early pregnancy

Early toxicosis includes all the unpleasant phenomena of the first trimester of pregnancy. And namely: nausea, vomiting, salivation, changes in the perception of tastes and smells, lowering blood pressure, frequent mood swings, tearfulness, etc. These are the symptoms of toxicosis in pregnant women in the early stages.

If we divide all the probable prerequisites for the onset of pathology, then they can be figuratively divided into:

psychological;
hormonal;
immune;
associated with diseases and features of the gastrointestinal tract.

Let us consider what causes of toxicosis in pregnant women have a little more detail.

The embryo, in fact, is a half-alien organism for the expectant mother. Therefore, in some women, the body reacts to it with nausea and vomiting, trying to reject it. But after a few weeks, the female body adapts, and toxicosis stops during pregnancy. This usually occurs closer to the second trimester, by 12-13 weeks. But sometimes the ailments can last longer, all individually.

By the way, about the time of appearance. The period when toxicosis begins in pregnant women, some researchers equate to the maximum increase in the concentration of chorionic gonadotropin in the body. And this is a period of 6-7 weeks. Note that the period is counted from the first day of your period. This means that ailments can be expected for 2-3 weeks after the onset of a delay in menstruation. A sharp decrease in hCG begins at 11 weeks, and at the same time women feel noticeable relief. Actually, this is a possible cause of toxicosis - hormonal.

The next reason is "gastrointestinal". In 2005, Helicobacter bacteria were discovered, which are the cause of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. And they, according to some researchers, can provoke toxicosis in women.

In addition, it is known that women who are psychologically unprepared for motherhood are more likely to suffer from toxicosis. And the onset of toxicosis has nothing to do with the child's sex, blood group.

There are ways to noticeably improve your well-being. If you suffer from low blood pressure, moderate physical activity and walking, sometimes a cup of tea or coffee, can help. If the ailments are more related to the digestive system, then it's time to reconsider the regimen and diet of your diet.

1. Start eating at least 5 times a day, but little by little. Fractional nutrition is right and very useful for everyone.

2. It would be logical to exclude, at least temporarily, from your diet foods that cause nausea and vomiting.

3. Do not drink solid food. You need to drink a little liquid before and after meals.

4. Avoid eating heavy meals (fatty meats) and overeating.

5. Immediately after eating, try to avoid physical activity for at least 20-30 minutes.

From folk remedies. Well relieves nausea lemon (it is not necessary to eat it, you can add lemon juice to tea, water, or just hold a slice of citrus in your mouth), mint, sage. In addition, alkaline mineral water (preferably not carbonated) can calm the stomach.

If all else fails, the woman is often tormented by bouts of vomiting, possibly dehydration and vitamin deficiency. In such cases, the treatment of toxicosis in pregnant women is carried out with medication, and more often in a hospital setting. In the hospital, women are given droppers with saline, glucose with the addition of ascorbic acid. It helps to stay hydrated and also removes toxins from the body. In severe cases, antiemetic drugs may be prescribed.

What you need to know about late toxicosis

What we wrote above is typical for the first weeks after conception. But toxicosis can occur in the third trimester of pregnancy, and be much more dangerous. This toxicosis is called gestosis. It arises for other reasons, has other symptoms and consequences.

Late toxicosis of pregnant women is characterized by rapid weight gain, the appearance of edema on the limbs and face, the appearance of protein in the urine, and high blood pressure. The presence of even one of these symptoms is a reason to suspect the onset of preeclampsia. The most unpleasant and dangerous thing is that a woman herself may not notice her formidable symptoms. An increase in pressure does not always provoke a headache. Swelling can be hidden. Well, the composition of urine can be found out only with the help of its analysis. Therefore, it is so important to regularly visit a doctor and get tested.

Gestosis often manifests itself if the age of the pregnant woman is too young (less than 18 years old), as well as in late-bearing women (over 35-40 years old), with small intervals between pregnancies, if a woman is carrying twins, with obesity, diseases of the cardiovascular and excretory systems of the body.

Gestosis is dangerous by the occurrence of eclampsia - seizures with loss of consciousness. Alarming symptoms should be considered an increase in blood pressure, severe headache, flashing of flies before the eyes, nausea, vomiting, severe weakness. With eclampsia, there is a serious threat to the life of both the child and the mother. Women can die from cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, asphyxia. Children often die in such situations from acute hypoxia. An emergency caesarean section is necessary, at any stage of pregnancy.

Women with confirmed preeclampsia are sent for treatment to a hospital, where doctors are closely monitoring their condition. Be sure to regularly measure blood pressure, weighing, urine tests. With a sharp deterioration in health, delivery is carried out by surgery.

Early toxicosis of pregnant women is a common pathological condition associated with pregnancy, develops in the first trimester and is characterized by various multiple disorders. The most constant of them are disorders of the functions of the central nervous system, disorders of the functioning of the vascular system and metabolic processes. How to alleviate the course of toxicosis and is it possible to cope with it?

Causes of toxicosis

There is no consensus among scientists about the causes and pathogenesis of pathology. No one doubts only one etiological factor - the presence and development of the ovum and its individual components. This is confirmed by the fact that in cases of their removal for any reason, there is a sharp cessation of toxicosis in the early stages.

In relation to the mechanisms of development of early toxicosis, various theories have been proposed - neurogenic, neuroendocrine, reflex, allergic, immune, cortical-visceral. The most popular is the idea of toxicosis as a syndrome of maladjustment of the body, which arose as a result of rapidly changing conditions of its functioning. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of the syndrome, which, if possible, are taken into account when deciding what to do with the development of pathology.

At least a general correct understanding of the mechanisms of development of the disease makes it possible to understand how to deal with it. In the development of early toxicosis, the functional state of the central nervous system and disorders in its relationship with the functioning of internal organs, especially the digestive tract, play an important role. These disorders are expressed in the predominance of excitation processes in the subcortical structures of the central nervous system over inhibition processes.

Most authors associate the predominance of excitation processes with a dysfunction of the receptor apparatus of the internal genital organs of a woman, caused by various surgical interventions, past intoxication and inflammatory diseases, previous abortions, miscarriages, etc.

It is also possible that in the early stages of gestation, a violation of the physiological connection between the woman's body and the trophoblast, whose functions are the implantation of the ovum, the provision of embryonic nutrition, the binding of maternal antibodies and the prevention of their entry into the fetal bloodstream.

In the subcortical structures of the brain, in the reticular formation, in the medulla oblongata, closely related centers of smell, salivation, vomiting, respiratory and vasomotor centers are located.

Due to changes in the receptor apparatus of the uterus or in the conducting nerve pathways, impulses coming from the peripheral parts of the nervous system to the brain (against the background of the predominance of excitation processes) impulses can be perverted, which causes an inadequate response from other centers of the brain.

In this regard, the emetic act is usually preceded by such signs as a feeling of nausea, increased salivation, as well as autonomic disorders in the form of spasm of peripheral vessels, manifested by pallor of the skin, an increase in heart rate and a deepening of breathing.

The defining links in the pathogenesis of the disease are considered violations of neuroendocrine regulation by all types of metabolism, as well as partial or complete starvation and dehydration of the body.

In case of progression of vomiting or salivation, a disorder of the water-salt balance occurs with a predominant deficiency of potassium ions, and dehydration gradually increases. Against this background, protein, carbohydrate and fat types of metabolism are also disrupted, glycogen reserves in the liver and muscles are consumed, catabolism (decay) processes are activated, and body weight decreases.

Under these conditions, physiological oxidation of fatty acids is impossible, as a result of which the accumulation of under-oxidized products of fat metabolism occurs, which leads to an increase in ketone bodies in the blood, the acid-base composition of the blood is disrupted with a shift to the acidic side, and blood oxygen saturation decreases.

These general changes are initially functional in nature. But as they increase, the functions of the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and central nervous system are disrupted.

Vegetative disorders in early pregnancy can also be caused by hormonal imbalances in a woman's body, in particular, due to an increase in the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This fact is supported by the more frequent, as well as more severe toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy with cystic drift, in which the HCG levels in the blood are especially high.

They provoke the development of early toxicosis mainly:

previous inflammatory diseases of the endometrium and uterine appendages;
chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, pancreas;
other chronic diseases (kidney, liver, endocrinopathy, etc.);
helminthic invasions;
lack of psychological preparation for pregnancy, neuropsychic instability, increased excitability, stressful situations and depressive conditions (even mildly expressed), suffered brain injuries (concussion, contusion);
hereditary predisposition;
unstable blood pressure;
acute infectious diseases;
overweight.

How toxicosis manifests itself in the early stages

Early toxicosis during pregnancy can manifest itself in various forms. The most common of them are vomiting of pregnant women and ptyalism (profuse salivation), dermatoses are less common, mainly in the form of itching of pregnant women. Other forms of early gestosis, such as dermatoses in the form of eczema, herpetiform impetigo, etc., osteomalacia (softening of the bones), bronchial asthma of pregnant women, polyneuritis, convulsive syndrome, acute fatty degeneration of the liver are extremely rare.

When does toxicosis begin in early pregnancy?

Its most frequent manifestations in the form of vomiting and ptyalism accompany pregnancy from the 5th to 6th week. They are found in 50-60% of pregnant women, but in most cases they are easily tolerated and do not pose any threat to the body. Of these, only 8-10% of women need medical care for toxicosis in early pregnancy.

How long does early pregnancy toxicosis last?

It depends on the accompanying adverse factors and the individual characteristics of the woman's body. The earlier this pathological condition develops, the harder it proceeds and the longer it lasts. As a rule, nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation stop on their own by 12-13 weeks of pregnancy, when the processes of placenta formation end. In rare cases, the period of adaptation of the body to pregnancy lasts a little longer - up to 14-15 weeks.

Vomiting of pregnant women

In the normal course of pregnancy, nausea and vomiting may appear 2-3 times throughout the day, but usually in the morning. Such phenomena do not lead to a violation of the general condition. Some women note the so-called "evening toxicosis", which is no different from nausea, vomiting or excessive salivation in the morning.

This term is not a characteristic of a separate form of pathology and has only everyday meaning. Symptoms in the evening arise as a result of psychological fatigue at the end of the working day, a violation of the diet, excessive food intake in the evening, and the lack of walking in the fresh air.

Many doctors regard these symptoms as physiological and do not require special medical attention. Some authors directly consider gestosis as a condition in which nausea and vomiting are not associated with food intake, appear several times a day and are often accompanied by hypersalivation, a change in general well-being, a decrease in appetite and body weight, a perversion of taste and smell.

The severity of the pathological condition makes it possible to distinguish various degrees of severity, depending on which the main remedy for toxicosis is selected in the early stages. There are 3 degrees of severity of vomiting in pregnant women:

I degree - easy;
II degree - moderate;
III degree - severe (excessive vomiting).

Mild degree

Violations are predominantly functional in nature. The frequency of vomiting during the day does not exceed 5 times, but there is almost always a feeling of nausea. Nausea and vomiting are usually associated with an unpleasant odor or food intake, less often on an empty stomach. This condition leads to decreased appetite and depressed mood, apathy, and decreased ability to work.

The decrease in body weight is on average less than 3 kg within 1 week (up to 5% of the original body weight). Sometimes very slight dryness of the skin and mucous membranes is possible. At the same time, the general condition of the pregnant woman is not disturbed, the data of an objective examination and clinical studies of blood and urine remain mainly within the permissible norm.

Vomiting of the first degree of severity often goes away on its own or is easily treatable, but in 10-15% of women this pathology becomes more severe.

Medium degree

At this stage, dysfunctions of the central nervous system intensify, vegetative and metabolic disorders are more pronounced, expressed in a shift in the acid-base state of the blood towards acidosis.

Vomiting is no longer associated with food intake and is repeated up to 6-10 times or more in 1 day. Body weight for 10-14 days, on average, decreases by 2-3 kg (from 6 to 10% of the original body weight). The general condition suffers - apathy and weakness appear, sometimes (in rare cases) the body temperature rises to 37.5 °. Moderate dryness of the skin and visible mucous membranes develops. In 5-7% of cases, there is a slight yellowness of the sclera and skin, the tongue is coated with a white bloom, constipation occurs, the volume of urine excreted decreases to 700-800 ml.

In addition, there is an instability of the heart rate, the pulse rate increases to 90-100 beats per minute, the systolic blood pressure decreases moderately (up to 110-100 mm Hg). In clinical analyzes, a slight decrease in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, a decrease in the content of chlorides, moderate ketonuria (acetone in the urine) are possible. Adequate therapy in a hospital setting is almost always effective.

If in the early stages of pregnancy the toxicosis is not reduced at this stage, dysfunction of the central nervous and endocrine systems (the function of the corpus luteum, adrenal glands, pituitary gland), disturbances in the water-electrolyte composition of the blood and all metabolic processes, etc., further aggravate metabolic disorders and lead to a more severe course of the disease.

Excessive vomiting

Severe early toxicosis is rare. It is characterized by symptoms of severe intoxication and disorders of all types of metabolism, a disorder of the function of all systems and organs, up to dystrophic changes in the latter.

Vomiting occurs with any body movement, food or liquid intake, repeated up to 20 or more times a day, accompanied by constant nausea and profuse salivation. Body weight is rapidly decreasing (by an average of 8 kg in 1.5 weeks). The condition is very serious - there is an aversion to food, severe weakness, dizziness and headaches, weakness, sometimes unmotivated euphoria appear.

Severe dryness and low turgor of the skin are noted, almost 30% have their yellowness. Dryness and yellowness of the mucous membranes are also noted, which indicates an intoxication of the liver, a sharp decrease and even disappearance of the subcutaneous fat layer, a thick coating on the tongue, and when examining the oral cavity, an acetone smell is felt.

The pulse rate is more than 100 beats per minute, blood pressure (systolic) is reduced to 100 and below, the daily volume of urine excreted is less than 700 ml, and prolonged constipation is noted. Body temperature remains at subfebrile numbers (40-80%), but sometimes rises to 38 °. In the clinical analysis of blood - increased hemoglobin (due to thickening of the blood), bilirubin and creatinine, a decrease in total protein and a violation of the ratio of their fractions. In urine tests, an increased number of leukocytes, cylinders and acetone are determined.

In severe cases, without the provision of adequate medical care, acute hepatic-renal failure, confusion, coma with subsequent death develop.

Pentalism

The occurrence of profuse salivation is explained by the same mechanisms and irritation of the center of salivation. In addition, local disturbances in the salivary glands and their ducts, associated with the processes of hormonal changes in the body, play a certain role. In particular, estrogens have a stimulating effect on the epithelium of the salivary glands.

Drooling as an independent form of early preeclampsia is relatively rare. More often it accompanies vomiting, leads to maceration of the mucous membrane and skin of the lips, has a negative effect on the mental state, and disrupts sleep. The loss of saliva can reach 1 liter or more during the day, as a result of which moderate dehydration of the body, a decrease in total protein and body weight is possible. This manifestation of early toxicosis is relatively easy to treat.

What helps with toxicosis in the early stages?

Treatment principles

Treatment of toxicosis in early pregnancy (with a mild degree) is carried out on an outpatient basis. It is accompanied by the obligatory constant supervision of the gynecologist for the general condition of the patient, control of body weight, as well as laboratory clinical and biochemical studies of blood and urine. A woman is recommended to frequent changes in her environment (walks in the fresh air, communication with friends, etc.).

Proper nutrition is of great importance for toxicosis in early pregnancy. It consists in frequent and fractional (in small portions) meals, which should be only at will. Food should be at room temperature, well processed and minced.

It is advisable to take it in a horizontal position with a raised head end, especially in the morning hours, and in case of "evening" toxicosis - in the evening, respectively. Even if the smell of cooked dishes causes nausea, drooling and vomiting, it is advisable to observe hunger for about 3 days, but with the intake of alkaline non-carbonated mineral liquids ("Essentuki", "Borjomi").

The diet for toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy should consist of a variety of easily digestible foods rich in proteins and trace elements and with the exclusion of spices. Liquids in the form of mineral water without gas must also be consumed in limited volumes 6 times a day. Foods rich in vitamin B 6 - avocados, chicken breasts, beans, fish, nuts - help to reduce the feeling of nausea.

From medications used vitamin-mineral complexes, light sedatives of herbal origin - tincture of hawthorn, motherwort, as well as antihistamines such as Diphenhydramine and Tavegil. In addition, pills for nausea and vomiting are recommended - Torecan, Cerucal, Thietylperazine, Metoclopramide, Ondansetron, and in the hospital - the same drugs intramuscularly or intravenously (jet or drip), as well as the neuroleptics Droperidol or Haloperidol. With profuse salivation, a solution of atropine in drops is recommended.

Tablets for nausea and vomiting with toxicosis

Sessions of psychotherapy, acupuncture, physiotherapy courses in the form of iontophoresis with calcium ions, central electroanalgesia, iontophoresis with novocaine or bromine ions on the collar zone, etc. can also be prescribed.

For home treatment, folk remedies are also used for toxicosis in the early stages, which include a cooled decoction of ginger root, chewing pieces of ginger or fennel seeds, which are quite effective antiemetics, or infusions of lemon balm leaves, mint, dill seed, chamomile flowers.

Herbal preparations are also recommended, consisting, for example, of lemon leaves with herbs of lemon balm, thyme, oregano leaves and lavender flowers. Rinsing the mouth with infusions of sage, chamomile, decoction of oak bark, menthol solution helps to reduce the severity of nausea and salivation.

Cases of moderate and severe severity, persistent preservation of subfebrile body temperature, the presence of acetone in the urine are an indication for inpatient treatment. In the first days of inpatient treatment, rest, a starvation diet, only intravenous and intramuscular administration of vitamins and antiemetics and other drugs are prescribed, due to the impossibility of using them internally with frequent vomiting. The treatment program also includes glucocorticoid steroids (for severe early toxicosis) intravenously or intramuscularly.

The most important link in inpatient treatment in eliminating intoxication is the restoration of fluid volume and correction of the acid-base state of the blood through intravenous drip (if necessary, jet-drip) infusion therapy using crystalloid (salt and glucose-containing) solutions and protein substitutes.

A severe degree of a pathological condition is an indication for treatment in intensive care units, and the lack of effect or insufficient effectiveness of the therapy carried out within three days is a direct indication for artificial termination of pregnancy.

Many women believe that every pregnancy is accompanied by such a phenomenon as toxicosis, that this is normal and it goes away on its own. However, in some cases, the symptoms of early preeclampsia (toxicosis) become so severe that the woman needs hospitalization.

What is toxicosis?

Toxicosis is an uncomfortable and unhealthy condition associated with pregnancy.

There is still debate about what causes the appearance of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn and salivation during early toxicosis. There are only theories of the origin of this condition. Someone associates its appearance with the woman's immune system, which perceives the fetus as a foreign protein in her body, some scientists suggest that heredity and psychological predisposition play a role. But in most cases, nevertheless, toxicosis is a simultaneous combination of several factors.

How is toxicosis manifested?

In terms of timing, toxicosis can be early, when it appears before the 12th week of pregnancy, and maybe late, arising after the 20th week.

Almost every woman knows what toxicosis is in the early stages. According to literature data, 90% of all pregnant women encounter it, although the majority tolerate it easily. But there are also those who feel so bad that they cannot do even the lightest work.

The severity is determined by the number of episodes of vomiting, for example, a mild degree - up to 5 times a day, an average degree - 6-10 times a day, and a severe degree - more than 10 times a day. In addition, the indicators of blood pressure, pulse and the general condition of the pregnant woman are taken into account. With a large loss of fluid, dehydration of the body can occur, which will have a negative impact on the health of the expectant mother and the development of the fetus.

Symptoms such as salivation and heartburn are often observed with toxicosis, but there may be rare forms of this condition, for example, dermatitis or jaundice of a pregnant woman.

Severe toxicosis during pregnancy is observed in only 2% of cases, but it is a formidable condition, since it can lead to the death of the fetus or the woman herself. You should know that at home it is possible to deal with the symptoms of toxicosis only if it is mild. If you experience uncontrollable vomiting, sagging skin, fever, or severe weakness, see your doctor. Severe toxicosis should be treated in a hospital under the supervision of specialists.

You can take medications (antiemetic, vitamins C and B, choleretic) only after consulting a doctor.

You should monitor your weight, if there is a sharp increase in it, this is a reason to visit a doctor, since edema may be the first "calls" of late toxicosis.

If you feel sick to the point of vomiting, you feel sick from smells or the mere mention of some products, and the pregnancy test shows two stripes - you have begun.

The main signs of toxicosis in pregnant women are as follows:

nausea;
vomit;
salivation;
depressed state;
feeling unwell;
irritability;
drowsiness;
weight loss.

There are also rare forms of early toxicosis: dermatoses of pregnant women, tetany, osteomalacia, acute yellow atrophy of the liver, bronchial asthma of pregnant women.

At what stage of pregnancy does toxicosis begin?

Basically, women suffer from toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy. Most often, symptoms of early toxicosis appear at 5-6 weeks, sometimes already on the days of delayed menstruation, and in some cases even earlier - starting from the first week of conception.

Some women claim to feel nauseous and even vomit the day after unprotected intercourse. But experts are skeptical about such statements. "Toxicosis" in such cases, most likely, has other reasons that are completely unrelated to pregnancy: for example, poisoning or malaise due to changes in blood pressure. The psychological factor is also not excluded: the girl begins to worry, worry, and emotionally experiences the "signs" of pregnancy.

Toxicosis in the first trimester of pregnancy is most common. But there are also much more dangerous late toxicosis. Toxicosis is also called gestosis, but the term "gestosis of pregnant women" is more often used to denote just late toxicosis.

Toxicosis during pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon and does not require treatment (unlike gestosis). But if you feel very bad, vomiting is repeated often and weight loss is observed, then you need to seek help from a gynecologist.

The absolute norm is also the absence of any toxicosis and even the slightest hint of it. The opinion that a pregnant woman must certainly feel sick is wrong.

How long does toxicosis last during pregnancy?

Everything is very individual: from the manifestations of toxicosis, ending with its duration. Some women feel only mild nausea, others have to go to the hospital for treatment. The same is with the duration: toxicosis during pregnancy in different women is observed for a different period, but most often it gradually disappears by the beginning of the second trimester.

Toxicosis during pregnancy lasts until the period when the placenta is completely formed, that is, weeks until the 12-14th. Then comes the second trimester, which is calm in terms of well-being. By the third trimester of pregnancy, toxicosis can resume, and then it is already called gestosis. It also happens that toxicosis during pregnancy first appears at the end of the term. Gestosis is much more dangerous than early toxicosis, therefore, it is imperative to warn the doctor about its appearance.

The signs of preeclampsia are also somewhat different. In particular, there is an increased formation of edema and an increase in blood pressure.

Sometimes late toxicosis can begin in the second trimester, which is not safe for the fetus and the expectant mother. But, fortunately, everything will go away after giving birth - that's for sure!

Causes of toxicosis during pregnancy

It is believed that toxicosis is a consequence of the hormonal changes occurring in the mother's body, which are necessary for the normal development and bearing of the child. Why toxicoses annoy pregnant women, it has not yet been possible to answer for sure. But it was found that pregnant women with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, thyroid gland, as well as smokers, women who work a lot and experience nervous overstrain, are susceptible to toxicosis.

Among other probable reasons for the development of toxicosis during pregnancy, various researchers name the following:

chronic diseases;
pregnancy at a very young age;
psychological unreadiness for motherhood;
hereditary predisposition.

Some scientists believe that toxicosis is a natural defense of the fetus from the likely effects of negative factors (for example, bad habits and unhealthy diet).

Many people think that nausea and vomiting are quite normal for a pregnant woman. But in fact, this condition can be dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. It's good if you just constantly want to sleep and you become extremely irritable for a minute. But debilitating vomiting, systematic starvation and rapid weight loss are not at all what can be called normal. Even and especially for a pregnant woman.

In principle, it is considered normal if, for some time, a pregnant woman experiences bouts of nausea and vomiting no more than twice a day - in the morning, mostly on an empty stomach. But only on condition that the general condition of the woman does not deteriorate. If you get worse, you cannot eat and you have frequent seizures and weight loss is very dangerous. Therefore, it is better not to allow such a state to occur, but to start treating toxicosis on time.

Remedies for toxicosis during pregnancy

There are many different treatments for toxicosis. But not all of them are harmless, safe and effective. So, we repeat once more: it is better not to start the disease.

Medical treatment. Among all the drugs used to treat toxicosis (and there are about 20 of them), only vitamins and trace elements are to a certain extent harmless during pregnancy. The rest are very dangerous and toxic. But in certain conditions, you have to resort to their help - when the benefits of such treatment for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Drug treatment of toxicosis must necessarily be comprehensive and include a number of different drugs. Such treatment is always carried out in a hospital setting, but, unfortunately, it is not always successful.

Usually, if the treatment was started on time, the toxicosis successfully passes and the woman is discharged. But in rare cases, improvement does not occur:

vomiting does not stop;
dehydration of the body is increasing;
weight loss progresses;
acetonuria progresses within 3-4 days;
severe tachycardia is observed;
the functions of the nervous system are impaired (weakness, apathy, delirium, euphoria);
icteric coloration of the sclera and skin is characteristic.

This condition of a pregnant woman is an indication for termination of pregnancy. But, fortunately, today this happens extremely rarely.

Immunocytotherapy belongs to modern invasive methods of treatment. It consists in the fact that a pregnant woman is injected into the skin of the forearm with her husband's lymphocytes. Improvement of the well-being of a pregnant woman occurs, as a rule, after 24 hours. Immunocytotherapy also requires hospitalization and even a thorough examination of the child's father for infections (hepatitis B and C, HIV, Wasserman reaction). But still, this method is dangerous: there is a threat of contracting hepatitis, for example.

Homeopathy is absolutely safe for the pregnant woman and the fetus and very effective, and therefore the preferred method of treating toxicosis. It allows you to select drugs individually and at the same time heals the entire body as a whole, not only for women, but also for children, if necessary. The likelihood of side effects and toxic overdose is excluded, and the homeopathic medicines themselves are not addictive.

Aromatherapy. Peppermint can help prevent morning sickness by dripping one drop of this essential oil onto a pillow or handkerchief near the head of your bed. This extract has a beneficial soothing effect not only on the entire body as a whole, but also specifically on your stomach, preventing its morning "riots". Do this procedure several nights in a row, and you will notice clear relief.

Carry ginger essential oil with you: when suddenly it suddenly becomes ill and starts to vomit, drop a drop of ginger oil on the palm of your hand, rub it, bring it to your nose and take a few deep breaths calmly. This oil also helps with vomiting: drop a drop in 0.5 liters of boiled water and conduct steam inhalation.

To prevent the occurrence of nausea and vomiting during the day, it is recommended to rub the oil mixture into the supra-umbilical region in the morning: add one drop of ginger oil to a dessert spoon (10 ml) of any vegetable oil.

When using aroma oils, pay attention to their quality: you can buy only those essential oils for which there is a hygienic certificate and a certificate of conformity. It is best to do this at a pharmacy.

In addition to the described types of treatment, physiotherapy and phytotherapy are used during toxicosis. Also, they often resort to more exotic methods of treatment: hypnosis, electrosleep, acupuncture.

However, with mild manifestations of toxicosis, pregnant women can successfully curb it at home.

How to deal with toxicosis during pregnancy at home?

Do not get out of bed abruptly in the morning. Eat a handful of nuts first or a cookie cooked near your bed in the evening.
Eat fractionally throughout the day, little by little, preferably every 2-3 hours.
Frequent chewing is very helpful for nausea. Snack on lemon, nuts, dried fruits, mint candies, tangerines. It is helpful to chew cumin seeds or regular gum for nausea.
Try to eliminate fried foods, pickles, chocolate, and indigestible foods from your diet.
It has been proven that vitamin B6 reduces the manifestations of toxicosis, so the diet should include foods rich in it: fish, eggs, skinless chicken, nuts and legumes (beans, peas, lentils). Avocados are high in vitamin B6.
Ginger has an antiemetic effect: it can be added to tea or simply chewed. Any food with added ginger (such as gingerbread cookie) will help to overcome vomiting.
Food should be light, but nutritious and contain all useful substances: fruits, unleavened cereals in water, bread.
But if you really want to - eat what you want.
You need to eat while lying down. Or, immediately after a meal, lie down for a short while to rest.
With toxicosis, it is necessary to eat warm or chilled food.
Drinking a glass of water every morning on an empty stomach can help reduce nausea and help cope with malaise.
Drink still alkaline mineral water, preheated.
In general, drink plenty of fluids, but in small portions. Chamomile tea, cranberry juice, freshly squeezed apple juice, green tea with lemon, rosehip infusion, water with lemon juice and honey are especially useful.
When drooling, it is good to rinse your mouth with an infusion of chamomile, sage, mint.
Also take infusions of calendula, valerian, yarrow and mint: these plants stop spasms, have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and are excellent at calming the nerves.
A proven remedy for combating toxicosis is mint. On its basis, you can prepare a tincture for toxicosis. Take two teaspoons of dry mint, a teaspoon of valerian root, two teaspoons of calendula flowers, and the same amount of yarrow herb. Pour the mixture with 400 ml of boiling water, insist for 30 minutes and strain. Take two to three tablespoons six times a day in three courses of 25 days with 15-day breaks.
Be more outdoors.
Always ventilate the kitchen and use a cooker hood to avoid irritating odors.

Do not despair and believe in the best: it will end very soon. Early toxicosis, as a rule, stops by the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy. However, late toxicosis also occurs -