For the expectant mother 

History of origami - Basic forms. Basic forms of origami, methodological development on technology on the topic Basic figures of origami

Learning the art of origami must begin not only with individual elements of products, but also with the “origami school” - with basic forms. You should know well the basic basic shapes of products, which will allow you to understand the outlines and nature of the item being manufactured, and when creating your own products, you will be able to select the most suitable base option.

One important classical approach to origami design is the concept of a base. The base is a simple folded shape that can be developed into many different figures. The formal concept of a base in origami was not developed until the early 1900s; most traditional shapes were created based on one of eleven classical base shapes, and origami developers in the mid-1900s typically relied on the base as a starting point. We'll look at these 11 forms next.

The four basic shapes come from Eastern culture - kite base, fish base, bird base and frog base. The basis of the catamaran has Western roots. The pancake base is simple enough to appear in both cultures. The water bomb base and double square were also used in both cultures. The latter are actually inverted versions of each other.

The folds made to create these shapes bisect corners and edges much more often than any other arbitrary method.

From basic shapes you can make many shapes, both flat and three-dimensional. Some basic forms are an intermediate step when performing more complex basics. For example, from the “square” base you can make the basic shapes “crane” and “frog”. Basic shapes can also be used as independent geometric figures when solving various geometric problems in elementary school. Folding basic shapes helps children learn concepts such as triangle, square, trapezoid, rectangle; solve problems on topics: parallel lines, intersection of lines, division of a segment, division of an angle, area.

The name of the basic forms is the same in many countries, although these are purely conventional names and there may be variations

Triangle is one of the two simplest basic shapes. In order to fold it, you only need to make one fold - draw the diagonal of the square.

A book is the next simple basic form. As with folding a triangle, we only need to make one fold.

Door - the basic shape of a door comes from a book.

The kite is another fairly simple basic shape. It comes from a triangle.

Damn - The folds of this shape seem very simple, but in my opinion it is one of the most promising basic shapes. Please note that by folding the square, we again come to a square. This means we can put it into one of the basic shapes. These base shapes are called pancake base shapes.

Fish - The name speaks for itself. In front of you is a head, a tail and two fins. All that remains is to give them the desired shape.

Double triangle - Another name for double triangle is water bomb.

Double Square - If you turn a double square inside out, you get a double triangle.

House - the name was chosen based on the appearance of the figurine.

Bird - A bird has wings, a head and a tail. This basic form also has them.

Catamaran - a pajarita is very easily made from this shape. And also a lot of kusuda.

Frog - from this shape you can make both a frog and a flower.

From the basic shape “Crane” you can create: a horse, a crane, a stork, an elephant, a cow, a reindeer, a monkey, a crow, a spaniel, a sparrow, a grasshopper, a dragonfly, a Buddha mask, a standing crane, a star...

From the basic "Hat" shape you can create: gorilla, sombrero, frog, sea turtle, flowers, bat, rocket...

From the basic shape "Camel" you can create: giraffe, camel, hare, kangaroo, squirrel, baby elephant, swan, carp, sheep, deer, Death mask, donkey, flowers...

From the basic "Pony" shape you can create: a jumping pony, a lantern, Japanese opera masks, hydrangea, photo frames, ornaments...

Naturally, a deer made from the basic “Crane” form will differ from a deer made from the basic “Camel” form, not only in the execution technique, but also in the capabilities of that basic form.

Basic forms also include modules, which serve as the basis for the production of not only geometric and architectural forms, but also the creation of figurines of animals, birds and flowers. The number of modules used to make a figurine can vary from four to several hundred. Basically, they are held together without the help of glue; for this purpose, the modules have various combinations of pockets and flaps.

The main requirement for modules is their complete identity. Even small deviations in dimensions often lead to the impossibility of assembling the product.

Municipal budgetary institution of additional education

Extracurricular Activities Center

Novourgalsk urban settlement

Verkhnebureinsky municipal district of Khabarovsk Territory

Outline

origami classes:
"Basic Origami Shapes"

Compiled by:

additional education teacher

Lexau Lyudmila Mikhailovna

p. New Urgal

2017 – 2018 academic year

Topic: “Basic forms of origami.”

Target: Maintain a steady interest in Origami.

Tasks:

    Introduce children to the basic shapes that form the basis of any craft.

    Learn to fold basic shapes, which will allow the child to quickly navigate the variety of origami models and learn the techniques of their construction.

    Teach children to accurately connect the corners and sides of a square.

    To develop an interest in the art of origami.

Material: visual material on basic origami forms: “Triangle”, “Book”, “Door”; product samples; 6 squares of white paper for each child.

Progress of the lesson:

    Org moment.

Guys, the Dragon invites you on a journey through his paper country to learn a lot of new and interesting things! So let's go on a trip?

Well, for the journey, the Dragon, the ruler of the paper country, sent us a magic cube that will help us!

Let's begin! (the teacher throws the dice so that a triangle appears).

2. Getting to know new material.

    Oh, look where we got to? What geometric figure can this city be compared to?

The teacher shows various crafts made on the basis of the basic “Triangle” shape (sailboat, fish, tulip and others).

That's right, this is the city of Triangle. All cities in the country designate basic shapes. The basic form is a blank for a craft. So the city is called that, because in this city all the inhabitants are made on the basis of such a blank (the teacher shows the children the basic shape “Triangle”, the children repeat after him, attaches it to the board), it is called the basic shape “Triangle”. Let's learn a poem about a triangle.

I will fold the square sheet diagonally.

What is this? Triangle! Everyone knew right away.

Now, make the basic Triangle shape yourself. When ironing the folds, your fingers turn into irons that press firmly on the paper. (Children complete the task). The teacher once again reinforces with the children the name of the basic shape “Triangle”.

We are in a city called...

Let's guess how: Not a bush, but with leaves,

Not a shirt, but a sewn one,

Not a person, but a storyteller. (BOOK).

You and I found ourselves in the city of “Knizhka”. In this city, everything is done based on the basic “Book” form. (The teacher demonstrates the basic form and attaches it to the board). I think you know how to make a “book” out of a square, let’s try it?! Fold your squares in half, matching two opposite sides.

What is this basic form called? Now do it yourself.


I will fold a square sheet of paper in half.
I can leaf through a thin book.

    We also learned something in this city, let’s move on! (The teacher rolls the dice so that the picture of a door falls out and shows crafts based on the basic shape of the “Door” (mushroom, pig, boat, seal and others).

And this is a city called “The Door”. In this city, everything is done based on the basic form “Door” (The teacher demonstrates the basic form and places it on the board).

To fold the basic “door” shape, let’s take our “books” and open them, what did you see there? (fold line)

Now lower the sides to the fold line, look what kind of “door” we have!

Children perform this basic form independently once again.


The “door” is not so difficult to fold:
The doors can be opened in it.

    Fizminutka

4. Consolidation of what has been learned.

And now we will make crafts based on these basic shapes.

Look at this map. Now I’ll tell you how to make a bunny’s face using this step-by-step map.

The teacher shows the operation card “Bunny”.

1. You need to fold the square diagonally. The result is a triangle

2. Then you need to bend the bottom side of the workpiece slightly up.

3.The right and left sides need to be folded up towards the center line.

4. Turn the workpiece over and tuck the top corner inward.

5. Then we draw the bunny’s face.So it turned out to be a bunny.

Now, children, let's play. Divide into two teams.

One team will try to tell you how to correctly design a cat's face. And the other is the face of a dog.

Children stand around the table, the map is passed around, and everyone shows and says how to design. If children find it difficult, the teacher helps them.

Well done. All the guys completed the task.

5. Summing up.

Paper Country is very large, here you will also find cities - basic shapes such as “Pancake”, “Kite”, “Double Triangle” and “Double Square”, but you will get to know them later.

- Unfortunately, our journey is coming to an end, but the little dragon hopes that you will visit the paper land of ORIGAMI more than once.

Tell me, did you enjoy the trip?

What basic shapes did you learn to make today?

What was interesting in the lesson?

I really liked the way you all worked today. Thanks everyone for your work.

2106

21.10.15 06:50

Origami is the art of creating original figures from sheets of paper. Originating in Ancient China, the trend became widespread in the East. At first, paper was available only to very rich people, and the basics of origami were mandatory in the training plan for representatives of the noble classes.

Over time, the technology became widespread and became generally available. Today, origami is gradually gaining popularity around the world. Work on a product consists of several stages and requires compliance with a number of rules. Special signs that are used to draw up diagrams allow you to systematize and simplify the process of creating even the most complex figures.

Products created using the origami technique have always been given increased mystical significance. Even fearless samurai used them as amulets, and lovers used original elements to pass notes to each other. Today, crafts have retained their decorative value; they are often used when decorating premises or conducting certain rituals, for example, tea ceremonies.

Basics of origami - material requirements

  • The paper should not bend or break.
  • You can only use material that holds its shape and does not open up, otherwise the craft will quickly fall apart.
  • The quality of a sheet of paper can be easily checked - you need to fold it in half, run your fingers along the fold, forming a tight fold, and unfold it. If the fold line on the inside is smooth, without small cracks running in equal directions, then the material can be used for work.
  • The color of the raw material must be even and not stain your hands or adjacent parts.
  • Modern origami basics allow the use of glue, scissors, stationery knives and other auxiliary devices.
  • If initially only a square sheet of plain paper could be used to create a figure, today the basics of any shape (circles, triangles, polygons, rhombuses) are used. There can be several sheets; the use of scissors is not a mandatory requirement. In addition to plain paper, the use of foil is allowed.

Types and forms of origami - description and features

  • Classic. These are the basics of origami, which involve using one colored or blank sheet of paper.
  • Origami for children. Simplified variations on a classic theme, designed to develop the baby’s fine motor skills, logic, and quick thinking.
  • Modular approach. Products are created from many parts and pieces, taking the form of garlands or other complex compositions.
  • Kusudama. A type of modular direction. The product consists of many identical parts that fold into each other. Moreover, every detail is created according to strict classical rules. Usually this is a three-dimensional spherical object.
  • Regular origami. A destination intended for beginners or people with limited mobility. Creating products does not involve the use of complex techniques.
  • Development work. The most difficult type of origami to understand and reproduce. To create such items you need to have a good understanding of complex drawings.
  • Wet folding. For work, wet paper is used. Such figures do not have sharp bends, are soft and seem alive.

If you are interested in the Japanese art of paper folding, then you will benefit from learning basic shapes in origami. What is it for? The house stands firmly due to its strong foundation. Without it, it would be incredibly difficult to build the walls and roof. The entire structure would have collapsed within a couple of weeks of construction. Most likely, it would not have worked out at all.

Same thing in origami. Basic figures are the basis for any crafts. If you know how to make them, any scheme will not cause difficulties in execution.

Let's look at the most common forms on the foundation of which the art of origami is built:

  • "Double triangle";
  • "Double Square";
  • "Envelope";
  • "Fish".

How to make a Double Triangle

Take a square piece of paper. Mark diagonal, vertical and horizontal folds.

Straighten the square and place it in front of you.

Assemble a double triangle along the lines, moving the side corners inward one by one, as in the figure.

This base is necessary for assembling and other crafts.

Basic form "Double square origami"

Mark diagonal and median lines on a square piece of paper.

Place it in front of you in the shape of a diamond.

Take the side corners inward one by one to make it look like this.


The base is suitable for creating, voluminous and implementing other ideas.

"Envelope"

Mark the midlines of the sides intersecting in the center on the square.


Bring all four corners to the center so that they fit snugly together. Ready!

Basic shape "Origami Fish"

Place a square in front of you like a diamond. Fold the top sides towards the center.

Turn the sheet 180 degrees. Do the same. Straighten it out.

Fold along the lines an elongated diamond-shaped figure with “ears” pointing upward.

Four options are enough to master dozens of crafts using the origami technique. Put them into practice while traveling through the pages of the site!