Is it possible to lie on your stomach after a miscarriage. Uterine bleeding after termination of pregnancy. The recovery period for the genital organ

The content of the article:

A miscarriage can happen at any time, even when the woman is not yet aware of her situation. However, in some cases, the expectant mother manages to become attached to the baby, give him a name and dream about his future. In this case, the loss of an unborn child becomes a real tragedy. The only desire of a woman that can comfort her is planning a new pregnancy, and as soon as possible.

Causes

A miscarriage is the death of a fetus up to 22 weeks. The process occurs spontaneously, without outside interference. According to statistics, early miscarriages occur in almost every fifth case of pregnancy, which is a rather serious problem.

A spontaneous abortion rarely happens just like that. The reasons can be many, and it can sometimes be difficult to establish them. The main factors that provoked a spontaneous abortion are:

Hormonal abnormalities in a pregnant woman, which is the most common cause of abortion;

Genetic abnormalities of the fetus, which can be hereditary, or arise from mutations that lead to the death of the fetus;

Infectious diseases that can provoke a miscarriage;

Immune system pathologies, Rh-conflict;

Stressful situations, as a result of which the hormonal background of a woman changes;

The presence of bad habits.

In some cases, a miscarriage can be triggered by several factors at once, one of which will become dominant. To think about a new pregnancy, a woman needs to recover from a spontaneous abortion, find out its root cause, and go to the necessary treatment.

The main symptoms

The first signs of a miscarriage are:

The appearance of bloody discharge of bright red or brown color;

The occurrence of pain in the back or lower abdomen, which may indicate a contraction of the uterus;

The appearance of vaginal clots, which may indicate a low level of hCG in the blood and confirm miscarriage.

Sometimes the uterine cavity can be cleaned on its own, but in most cases cleaning is required - a gynecological procedure to remove the remnants of the ovum from the uterus. If the procedure for scraping the uterus is carried out, then the doctor prescribes drugs that help stop bleeding and prevent the development of the inflammatory process.

What to do after a miscarriage?

If these symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor, perhaps the pregnancy can still be saved. However, if a miscarriage did occur, then first of all it is recommended:

Try to rest as much as possible on the first day, your body needs to rest and recover from the loss;

To relieve pain and abdominal cramps, you can apply compresses, alternating cold compresses with hot ones - the heat relaxes the muscles, and the cold helps to get rid of the pain;

Pain medications can be used to relieve cramping pain in the lower abdomen. If the pain intensifies, you must immediately consult a doctor, tissue may remain in the uterus that must be removed as soon as possible;

Be sure to measure the temperature - high readings can indicate the presence of infection and the development of an inflammatory process;

Observe the rules of hygiene, control the profusion of bleeding, do not use tampons or douching, it is also not recommended to use chemically aggressive products and soap during hygiene procedures;

It is necessary to give up sexual intercourse for at least the first month after a miscarriage, so as not to disrupt the healing process of the vagina. In addition, due to the existing high risk of a new pregnancy, it is necessary to consider methods of contraception;

Treatment

A miscarriage in any case indicates that there are problems in the woman's body that prevent the development of this pregnancy. Perhaps there is a miscarriage of pregnancy. Therefore, immediately after a spontaneous abortion, it is recommended to establish its cause and try to eliminate it.

To do this, it is necessary to undergo an examination in order to identify infectious diseases, pathologies of the immune system, hormonal disorders, genetic diseases, tumor processes and pass many other tests. Moreover, not only a woman, but also a man should be examined, because quite often the reason for miscarriage lies in the partner.

In addition to analyzes, it is necessary to visit many narrow-profile specialists who can determine the state of the heart, blood vessels, organs of the genitourinary system, and, if possible pathologies are identified, prescribe the necessary therapy.

In addition, a woman will have to keep a chart of basal temperature measurements in order to determine the period of ovulation.

If possible diseases and disorders are identified, they must be eliminated, for which specialists prescribe treatment.

Emotional recovery

Each person reacts differently to problems, pain, loss. And a miscarriage is a serious shock not only for a woman's physical health, but can seriously damage her emotional state. Psychologists in this case recommend:

Seek help from a psychotherapist who will help you cope with your experiences and face the future without fear;

Do not be afraid to share your feelings with loved ones or relatives, this will help to avoid the development of depression;

Do not forget that the miscarriage was a blow not only for you, but also for your partner, mutual support is very important;

Increase physical activity - it will help reduce the level of stress hormones in the body and increase the production of endorphins, "hormones of happiness";

Plan your next pregnancy only with a doctor.

It should be noted that it takes time for the body to recover after an unsuccessful attempt. According to statistics, the risk of repeated spontaneous abortion increases by one and a half times if the next pregnancy occurs earlier than six months after the miscarriage. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend refraining from trying to get pregnant for 6-12 months after a bad experience. In addition, it will be very important to use this period in order to properly prepare for the onset of pregnancy.

You may have to not only get medical treatment, but also completely change your lifestyle: reconsider your diet, get rid of bad habits, learn to resist stress, increase physical activity, and bring your weight back to normal.

Pregnancy is a serious decision, and you must understand that you are responsible not only for yourself, but also for the baby you are going to give life to.

Read on baby.ru: 35 weeks pregnant forum

A miscarriage is understood as a spontaneous abortion. Up to 1/5 of all cases of conception end in miscarriage, and the likelihood of this pathological phenomenon is higher up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Symptoms of a miscarriage rarely go unnoticed, and sometimes this allows a woman to see a doctor on time, get treatment and keep the baby.

Spontaneous (spontaneous abortion), as doctors often call a miscarriage, depending on the timing of its onset, is classified into three types:

1. Interruption of biochemical pregnancy. In this case, the uterine cavity is freed from the embryo during the first - third week of pregnancy, which is determined only when taking an analysis for the presence of hCG (chorionic gonadotropin) in the blood, urine. A woman most often perceives the released blood as menstruation and does not even suspect that she could become pregnant.
2. Early miscarriage (spontaneous abortion). Pregnancy is terminated before 22 weeks of gestation, and the weight of the fetus does not exceed 400 grams.
3. Late miscarriage, or premature birth. In this case, the symptoms of pathology are observed after the 22nd week of pregnancy, and the baby is often saved.

What are the features of an early incomplete miscarriage

A spontaneous miscarriage in a woman can be complete or incomplete. In the first case, all parts of the fetus and its membranes, as well as amniotic fluid, are excluded from the uterus. An incomplete miscarriage occurs when some parts of the fetus remain in the uterine cavity. Incomplete miscarriage is usually inherent in early pregnancy. Most often, the patient's embryo leaves, but the amniotic membranes are not separated.

In order not to develop serious consequences, a woman needs cleaning and other methods of treatment (for example, the introduction of drugs that contract the walls of the uterus and push out blood and remnants of the membranes). It is precisely because there is a possibility of incomplete miscarriage that an ultrasound of the genitals should be done after it. If the result of the first pregnancy is an early miscarriage, the next attempts at conception should be made only after a thorough examination!

Probability of miscarriage by week of pregnancy

During gestation, there is a period most threatening with spontaneous termination of pregnancy. The likelihood of miscarriage is especially high in the early stages - in the first month. If we consider the risk of pathology by week, then it is as follows:

• In the first trimester - 14-21 days, or the third week of pregnancy, as well as a period from 8 to 12 weeks.
• In the second trimester, the threatening period occurs at 18-22 weeks of pregnancy, that is, the danger is great at 4-5 months after conception.
• In the third trimester, the term of possible premature birth usually occurs at 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, that is, spontaneous expulsion of the fetus occurs at 7-8 months of pregnancy.

The expectant mother should be especially careful during the indicated periods and be sure to follow all the doctor's recommendations!

Why does a woman's body reject a fetus

The causes of miscarriage at a very early period are most often associated with the presence of defects in the embryo that are incompatible with life. In this regard, it is not advisable to perform treatment and attempts to maintain pregnancy up to 12 weeks. If a woman cannot get pregnant for a long time, or she insists on preserving the fetus, doctors often manage to prevent a miscarriage. But the pregnant woman should be warned about the risk of genetic defects in the fetus and, if possible, undergo the necessary examination.

An early miscarriage may have the following reasons:

• "Breakdown" of genes during the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell (these reasons cause a miscarriage of a biochemical pregnancy at the earliest possible date - in the first month);
• disruptions in hormonal balance, diseases of the endocrine glands;
• tumors of the reproductive system;
• isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
• severe pathologies of the heart, kidneys, blood vessels;
• drug addiction, mother's alcoholism, toxic poisoning in the first month of pregnancy;
• severe stress, nervous shock;
• heavy physical activity, trauma;
• history of abortion;
• taking certain medications, x-rays.

Sometimes the causes of miscarriage are previous operations on the abdominal cavity and uterus, infectious diseases (rubella, toxoplasmosis, herpes, flu, tonsillitis, any STIs). There are also immunological reasons for the threat of termination of pregnancy - for example, Rh-conflict in parents.

The causes of late miscarriage are more often due to inflammatory processes in the placenta or uterine cavity. Sometimes these reasons are associated with the pathological development of the placenta and malfunctions in its functioning - with detachment, aging. The likelihood of miscarriage is high if the placenta at some stage stops producing the nutrients the baby needs. There are many factors that can provoke symptoms of spontaneous abortion at any time, but some of them can be successfully prevented by the expectant mother.

Stages of miscarriage

Signs of a miscarriage can occur in a woman at the very beginning of the pathological process. In total, several stages are distinguished during a spontaneous abortion:

1. Threat stage. If treatment is started at this time, the pregnancy can be maintained. Sometimes a woman has a chance of a miscarriage throughout her pregnancy.
2. The second stage, or the started abortion. Even if the expectant mother did not go to the hospital at the stage of threat, intensive therapy often helps to save the baby.
3. The third stage, or miscarriage in progress. In this case, the woman is already undergoing a spontaneous abortion, and this condition is irreversible. The fertilized egg dies and leaves the uterus in whole or in part.
4. Stage four, or completed abortion. The uterine cavity is cleared of fetal residues, and the organ regains its size. At this stage, it is imperative to do an ultrasound of the genitals.

The threat of miscarriage: how to recognize the symptoms in time

Symptoms of a threat of early miscarriage usually boil down to the following manifestations:

• pain in the abdomen (in its lower part);
• vaginal bleeding (usually the blood comes in the form of smearing scarlet or brown discharge for 1-3 days);
• sometimes the pain becomes very severe and is accompanied by convulsions.

If a woman did not know that she managed to become pregnant, she may mistake the symptoms of a threat for another menstruation. Therefore, experts clarify that there are indirect signs of miscarriage that distinguish it from menstruation. Among them:

• diarrhea and nausea;
• pain in the form of spasms;
• weight loss;
• blood from the vagina, alternating with mucus;
• aching lower back pain.

Symptoms of a threatened miscarriage can also appear in late pregnancy, more often at 4-5 months. In this case, the subjective signs of pathology may include frequent nausea, drawing pains in the abdomen, reddish-brown discharge or bright blood spots, increased urge to urinate, dizziness. The duration of the first stage of miscarriage is not necessarily short: sometimes this condition lasts for several days and requires emergency hospitalization.

The clinical picture of the onset of miscarriage

In the second stage, when the miscarriage is already underway, the symptoms of pathology become more noticeable. They come down to cramping pains in the abdomen and sacrum, general weakness, severe dizziness. Blood flows out of the vagina in the form of clots, and this discharge increases with movement. An immediate visit to a doctor at this stage in some cases leads to the rescue of the baby, for which conservative or surgical treatment is performed.

Symptoms of a miscarriage in progress are a sharp pain in the entire abdomen and lower back, significant blood loss and release of the ovum from the uterus. If the fetus died a few days before the release, then the woman may see a small gray bubble, whole or divided into parts. In case of incomplete miscarriage, cleaning of the uterus (curettage) is urgently carried out, without which the consequences can be sad.

What happens after a miscarriage, and how much blood will flow

The signs of miscarriage are, first of all, uterine bleeding and pain, which in each woman proceed with different severity and duration. Blood goes because when the fetus is detached and passes through the birth canal, small vessels are injured, that is, wound surfaces are formed. It is imperative to monitor how long the blood is released. Normally, this period is 4-10 days. If, after 14 days, spotting is still observed, it is imperative to consult a doctor and do an ultrasound scan. Such symptoms may indicate an infection of the uterus or the presence of the remaining parts of the fetus in it. In some cases, a woman has to go to surgery or undergo medication.

Possible complications of miscarriage

The consequences of a miscarriage can be quite serious. Fortunately, any complications are rare, and in most cases, the body is independently released from parts of the embryo and membranes.

Sometimes a life-threatening miscarriage occurs at a later date or when trying to cause it at home with the help of improvised (folk) means. Complications include:

• Septic abortion. An infectious lesion of the uterus can lead not only to severe inflammation in the small pelvis, but also to sepsis.
• Repeated miscarriages. For some women, improper treatment during the first failed pregnancy results in further miscarriages or inability to conceive.

Diagnostics of the threat of miscarriage

The main method for detecting signs of miscarriage is ultrasound of the uterus. During the study, at the threat stage, segmental contractions of the walls of the organ are detected, which often disappears after hormonal treatment. If a miscarriage is visualized on the go, then according to ultrasound, detachment of the ovum is noted, a strong contraction of all the walls of the uterus. To find the cause of repeated abortions, genetic tests are often performed to look for "broken" chromosomes. Anamnesis and the presence of clinical signs are of great importance in the diagnosis of spontaneous abortion.

Medication for threatened miscarriage

If a decision is made to keep the pregnancy, the doctor should do everything possible to make it happen. A woman is prescribed miscarriage pills and injections, including:

1. sedatives, restorative agents;
2. hormonal medications (often containing progesterone, for example, Duphaston);
3. antispasmodics to eliminate the increased tone of the walls of the uterus;
4. vitamins, especially folic acid.

Such drugs will help a woman in early pregnancy. If the threat of miscarriage persists in a later period, a ring is applied to the cervix or it is sutured.

Treatment after miscarriage: pills

If it was not possible to stop the spontaneous abortion, the doctor chooses one of the following behavioral tactics:

1. Expectant. With a complete miscarriage, a woman does not need any treatment, and within 2-6 weeks her reproductive system will recover from a pathological process.
2. Medication for miscarriage. It consists in taking special pills that will complete the removal of parts of the fetus from the uterine cavity.
3. Surgery. It will be required if there are complications or structural features of the female genital organs (for example, when the uterus is bent).

Miscarriage tablets are also used for medical abortion (misoprostolol). After taking them, after 24-72 hours, strong contractions of the uterus occur, as a result of which the miscarriage ends. After such treatment, an ultrasound of the uterus should be done in order to record its complete cleansing of the remnants of the membranes.

Curettage (cleaning of the uterus) after a miscarriage

Cleaning of the uterus should be done if the rejection of the fetus was partial. Cleaning, or scraping, is sometimes ignored by the doctor or the patient herself, which can lead to severe inflammatory processes and even the inability to become pregnant in the future.

Before brushing, the woman is given an enema and pubic hair is removed. The anesthesiologist will select the type of anesthesia depending on the indications and contraindications. Using mirrors and dilators, the doctor opens the cervix, and then extracts the ovum and its membranes with a special curette. Then, the uterine cavity is scraped to prevent inflammation. After a miscarriage, a histological examination of the collected material is mandatory. After a woman has been cleansed, she must comply with all doctor's prescriptions during the rehabilitation period. Sexual life after scraping is excluded for 2 months.

How to restore moral health after a miscarriage

If physically the body will function normally within 1-2 months after a spontaneous abortion, then the psychological well-being of a woman can recover much longer. Often a failed mother tries to get pregnant right away, but this is strictly prohibited. Life after the loss of a child is hard, but you should not isolate yourself and bring yourself to despair. If a woman develops depression, it will be difficult to get out of it. Some ladies feel anger and rage, others - melancholy, still others are looking for a way out in alcohol. To relieve post-abortion stress disorder, it is better to visit a qualified psychologist and keep in touch with loved ones and family. A woman should remember that earlier restoration of moral health is another step towards the next attempt to get pregnant and finally become a mother!

Sexual life after miscarriage

Usually, the menstrual cycle resumes a few weeks after the miscarriage. Therefore, you should use the usual methods of contraception, since it is highly undesirable to become pregnant during this period. But sexual activity should not be started earlier than 1.5 months after a spontaneous abortion (after curettage, this period is extended to 2 months). Otherwise, inflammation and damage to tissues that have not yet recovered can begin.

Pregnancy after miscarriage: when to plan

You need to repeat the attempt at conception no earlier than 6-12 months after the miscarriage. Some women strive to become pregnant after the normalization of the menstrual cycle, but this is possible only with complete physical and moral rehabilitation. In other cases, planning a pregnancy after a miscarriage creates intense fear in the woman, and the couple stops trying. Therefore, it is worth acting as your own heart tells you, but not in a hurry. It is better to thoroughly prepare for future motherhood and prevent a repetition of the tragic history.

How to prepare for a new pregnancy

If you cannot get pregnant after a miscarriage, or the termination of pregnancy is repeated over and over again, you should be examined to determine the cause of such events. The diagnostic program, in addition to the histological examination of the membranes and the embryo, should include:

• tests for all STIs;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• tests for hormones, including those produced by the thyroid gland;
• blood glucose;
• general clinical research;
• genetic tests (as prescribed by a doctor);
• tests for the biocompatibility of the blood of spouses.

Preparing for pregnancy after a miscarriage should include proper nutrition, taking vitamins (especially vitamin E, folic acid), refusal of both spouses from bad habits and excessive consumption of coffee. Since an overdose of vitamins A, D can cause a miscarriage, you should inform your doctor about taking medications containing them. Sometimes a woman is recommended to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, for example, rubella, chickenpox.

Prevention of miscarriage

It is not always possible to insure against spontaneous termination of pregnancy, since it is impossible to take into account various gene mutations and the influence of chronic diseases. But there are a few tips, with the implementation of which the prevention of miscarriage will bear real results. Among them:

• healthy lifestyle;
• proper nutrition;
• fight against physical inactivity and stress;
• normalization of weight;
• taking vitamins.

All recommendations are suitable for implementation even before pregnancy. After conception, it is worth avoiding stress on the abdomen, not taking alcohol even in small doses, visiting the doctor regularly and taking all the medications he prescribes. Even after the first failure, one should not despair, because with the right approach, the joy of motherhood will be known to most women!

In our life, we are not always able to control the course of things and sometimes it happens that situations occur that we prefer not to even think about. This also applies to spontaneous miscarriage - a bereavement for expectant parents in most cases.

This is especially difficult for couples who have been trying to conceive a child for a long time or have undergone long-term treatment for infertility. But life goes on, over time the pain of loss is replaced by humility and tranquility, there is a desire to live and build your happiness. Today we will look at planning a pregnancy after a miscarriage.

Miscarriage concept

Doctors understand a miscarriage as a spontaneous abortion that occurred during the gestation period in the early stages (I and II trimester). In this case, the embryo or fetus for some reason is rejected and leaves the uterine cavity, losing its viability.

Depending on the period at which the termination of pregnancy occurred, an early miscarriage (up to 12 weeks) and late miscarriage (up to 22-28 weeks of gestation) are distinguished. Moreover, most spontaneous abortions occur in the first 5-8 weeks of pregnancy, and sometimes a woman is not even aware of her situation, referring to heavy periods or their delay.

Unfortunately, miscarriage is not uncommon. According to statistics, every 5th pregnant woman (about 20% of all pregnancies) faces this problem. The numbers are very serious, but it is quite problematic to regulate them, because a lot depends on the woman herself.

Nevertheless, situations arise that an arbitrary abortion becomes a pattern with a new attempt to become pregnant and another new life ends before it can begin. This condition is characterized as habitual miscarriage. The phenomenon is extremely rare, but it has a place to be. In this case, with each unsuccessful attempt to bear a fetus, the chances of a successful completion of the pregnancy tend to zero, i.e. the more miscarriages a woman has, the less likely she is to become a mother.

However, the question is: "Is it possible to get pregnant after a miscarriage?" for a woman may be relevant. We can safely say that it is POSSIBLE to get pregnant after a miscarriage, because even after two or three unsuccessful attempts, there are good chances of becoming a mother - about 50%. Therefore, you should not give up on your motherhood, but it is better to pull yourself together and with full responsibility approach planning a new stage in your life.

Reasons for arbitrary termination of pregnancy

As for the reasons for such a sad outcome, there can be a great variety of them, but the overwhelming majority lies precisely in any disturbances in the mother's body or in the processes of fetal development.

Many doctors are skeptical about the widespread belief that severe emotional distress or physical exertion can cause a miscarriage. Of course, it is necessary to avoid unwanted effects, but in extremely rare cases it is they that directly affect the termination of pregnancy. Often or exorbitant loads only trigger a long chain of changes that develop into something more if there are disorders in the mother's body. If everything is fine with the health of the expectant mother, then it makes no sense to talk about such risk factors.

So let's take a look at what is the possible cause of a miscarriage:

Genetic malformations of the fetus

When female and male gametes combine, the ovum is formed, which grows every day using the division mechanism at the cellular level. Chromosomes are also subjected to division - a kind of carriers of genetic information. As a result of their division (mitosis), abnormalities are formed, which are the cause of multiple fetal mutations incompatible with life. Thus, nature "corrects" its mistakes by natural selection, striving to create viable children with pure genetic material.

It is malformations at the genome level that account for half of the first trimester miscarriages. Most often this happens at 5-6 weeks of the gestational period, and sometimes the woman has not even had time to understand what she was wearing under the baby's heart.

In such situations, the possibility of studying a rejected ovum is practically negligible due to its small size and the woman's possible ignorance of her position. But, if the embryo was nevertheless saved for research, this is very good, since by the method of cytogenetic analysis it is possible to establish the possible cause of miscarriage and take appropriate measures in the future.

Hormonal disruptions

In this case, the cause of abortion without medical intervention is the woman's unstable hormonal background, which is the cause of malfunctioning of the ovaries or chronic diseases associated with hormone-producing organs. In such cases, miscarriage is expected if the woman has not taken appropriate measures to normalize hormone synthesis.

The reason for this development of events is a decrease in the concentration of hormones responsible for the course of pregnancy: progesterone and estrogens. In some cases, the corpus luteum of the ovary in the early stages produces insufficient progesterone to maintain pregnancy, while in others, male sex hormones (hyperandrogenism) predominate in the woman's body.

In any case, miscarriage does not occur unexpectedly, at first there is a long-term threat of termination of pregnancy in the form of aching pains in the lumbar spine, bleeding of varying degrees. At the initial stages, the embryo can be preserved in a hospital, however, pronounced hormonal disruptions and untimely assistance lead to such a sad outcome.

Pathology of the female genital organs

They are a very common cause of miscarriages at any time. These include, most often, anomalies in the development of the uterus in the form of its atypical shapes and sizes (two-horned, sickle-shaped, infantile) or nonspecific structures in the cavity (fibroids, polyps, septa).

The fact is that in such a uterus it is very difficult for the ovum to gain a foothold when it leaves the fallopian tubes, and if it still succeeds, then the anatomical features and extraneous formations interfere with the growth and development of the fetus. A rapidly growing baby becomes cramped and the body simply cannot cope, solving the problem by terminating the pregnancy.

In such cases, the solution of the issue for the better, unfortunately, is not always possible. With congenital malformations of the uterus in the form of its abnormal shape, bearing a child is impossible under any circumstances. In other cases, all benign formations and septa are surgically removed.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency

Possible causes of miscarriage include cervical incompetence (isthmic-cervical insufficiency). A weak and loose neck simply does not hold the fetal bladder with the developing baby, the baby literally falls out of the uterus. This is complicated by the fact that due to the leakage of the uterus through the cervix, infection with pathogenic microflora from the vagina can occur and, as a result, extensive infection and miscarriage in the future (mainly in the second trimester). The reason for this condition may be previous abortions with curettage, mechanical trauma and an excess of male hormones.

This problem can be solved if timely measures are taken to preserve the pregnancy. Appropriate treatment is prescribed in case of infection or hormonal imbalance; in some cases, a small surgical intervention is necessary in the form of suturing the neck to secure it or a special ring - a pessary.

Woman's blood clotting disorder

It happens that a woman's blood tends to clot more quickly than normal, which is the risk of microthrombi in the capillaries of the placenta. As a result, the nutrition of the fetus is disrupted, which dies from hypoxia and exhaustion. This condition can become a possible cause of spontaneous abortion, but it is corrected in the future.

Incompatibility of partners and Rh-conflict

Our immune system is designed to protect the body from foreign agents that threaten its normal functioning. But it happens that the system works "against its master" and fails. Yes, yes, even in the human body, as in the high-flow technique, malfunctions can occur. As a result of such "malfunctions", the woman's immune system perceives the fetus as a foreign body, from which it is trying with all its might to get rid of.

This condition can occur when the spouses are incompatible or, conversely, because of their excessive "similarity" at the cellular level. In this case, the mother's body perceives the future man as its own cells, with which "something is wrong."

The reason may also be the Rh-conflict - a condition in which the Rh factor of the mother and the Rh factor of the child are incompatible, for this reason antibodies are produced that destroy the erythrocytes of the fetus and lead to the development of pathologies or death in the womb.

The conflict occurs only in those women whose Rh factor is negative ("Rh-", meaning the absence of the D antigen on the surface of erythrocytes). If the embryo has Rh +, then the mother's body accumulates antibodies to it, rejecting the "foreign" organism. As a rule, there are no complications in the first pregnancy, however, if the pregnancy is the second or there was a miscarriage before, the likelihood of complications increases. In this case, the conflict develops ONLY with a negative rhesus in the mother and positive in the child.

Intrauterine infections

Well, the final reason for interrupting the gestational period is intrauterine infections. That is why it is so important to monitor your health during the period of bearing a baby and, if possible, minimize the risk of infectious diseases. It is impossible not to pay attention to STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, etc.), which can penetrate into the uterine cavity, and then infect the membranes, amniotic fluid. Due to the ingress of an infection of any type, mutations and abnormalities in the development of the fetus occur that are incompatible with life.

When can I start over?

Regardless of the reasons for the sad end of the previous pregnancy, you should not give up trying to become parents. But it is also not recommended to thoughtlessly approach the issue. This time it is necessary to do everything possible so that the baby is not only born alive, but also absolutely healthy.

"How long does it take to plan a pregnancy after a miscarriage?"- this thought arises in the head of the parents some time after the sad event. From a physiological point of view, this is possible already during the first ovulation period, literally 2-3 weeks after a spontaneous abortion. There have been cases that women found themselves in a position almost immediately, while giving birth to healthy babies. But relying on "maybe" is very frivolous, because it is important to take into account not only the physical readiness of a woman, but also the moral aspect.

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Some couples experience loss so hard that they may recover in a few months or even years. Experts advise not to rush into trying to conceive a child and wait about a year. During this time, the woman's body will recover in all respects, at the same time there will be enough time to undergo a full examination, to prepare thoroughly for parenting.

The restoration of body functions and its ability to carry a child is also extremely important. Therefore, planning a pregnancy after an early miscarriage (with or without brushing) and trying to conceive after a second trimester miscarriage are slightly different.

If the abortion occurred in the early stages, then the body recovers faster. Scrubbing or scraping removes dead tissue to avoid infection if it hasn't left the uterus on its own. But this is fraught with mechanical damage. The need for cleaning after a miscarriage is determined after the ultrasound results. Termination of pregnancy in the period from 12 to 28 weeks requires long-term restoration of hormonal levels, normal size of the uterus, menstrual cycle, etc.

Often, new attempts to become pregnant immediately after a miscarriage end in a similarly sad way, after which the woman only exposes herself more to stress and becomes in a severe depressive state, moreover, each unsuccessful attempt minimizes the possibility of a favorable pregnancy outcome. So what do you do?Let's take a closer look.

• Survive the difficult moment for as long as necessary. When thinking about planning a pregnancy after a miscarriage, it is important to be ready for a new stage in your life, to try to become parents without fear of previous failures. It is after you have overcome all fears, let go of the past, you can again think about the baby.

• Revise your lifestyle. Sometimes we do not take into account that some factors, insignificant in our opinion, can indirectly affect health and the course of pregnancy as well. Go in for sports, yoga, learn the art of meditation, learn to relax, it will only benefit.

Healthy and is the key to the perfect functioning of the body. You will be surprised by the surge of vitality after giving up fast food, canned food and convenience foods. At the same time, proper nutrition in no way means restricting yourself in food, counting calories, or something else. It is the quality of the food that matters.

Get positive emotions, do what you have dreamed of for a long time: travel, go to an exhibition, to a theater. Endorphins - hormones of joy - are a key moment in preparation for a new stage.

Alcohol, let alone tobacco, should not be in your life. There are many scientific works about the harmful effects of smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, why step on the same rake again?

• Pass a full examination, and together with your husband, you need to make sure that the future parents are completely healthy. Blood tests, urine tests, ultrasound tests are usually prescribed, sometimes there is a need for additional diagnostic methods.

Be that as it may, the survey should be comprehensive and involve both spouses. It is important to exclude the likelihood of recurrent situations that led to a miscarriage the last time. Therefore, the consultation of a gynecologist is indispensable. In some cases, deep research and consultation, an endocrinologist, a surgeon and third-party specialists are required.

To stop possible genetic disorders and identify the causes of termination of pregnancy, special studies of the chromosome set of parents may be required, as a result of which further recommendations can be given.

If the reason for the previous unsuccessful attempt to endure the baby was hormonal changes in the body (polycystic ovary disease, diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of the ovaries, thyroid gland, etc.), hormonal therapy and correction of hormone synthesis can be prescribed, and in the future, correction of the hormonal background, if necessary ...

For abnormalities in the development of a woman's genital organs, surgical methods of treatment can be used, if they seem possible.

If the cause of the previous miscarriage was immunological problems, then special immunotherapy is prescribed, depending on the type of violation. In some cases, correction of the work of the protective system of the woman's body is possible when planning the next pregnancy.

If during the planning of pregnancy infectious diseases were identified, they are treated even before conception, even if they were not the cause of the previous abortion. In the presence of chronic diseases in a woman, appropriate therapy is carried out aimed at eliminating the acute form of the disease and subsequent monitoring of the remission stage.

Summing up

In our life, we never know what will happen to us tomorrow, we cannot be sure that all misfortunes will bypass us. But, in our power to reduce this probability to a minimum, making certain efforts for this. Even if at some point life "beat", as it seems to us, a lot, you should ask yourself: "Why is that?" And think not about how sinful or unhappy we are, but about the fact that we may be doing something wrong. A life of bitter mistakes guides us on the right path and saves us from the worst even with such harsh methods.

Surviving the loss of an unborn baby is a heavy burden, but even it should not slow down and become an obstacle to achieving the goal. On the contrary, it is an impetus to new achievements with even greater self-confidence and a responsible approach! You will succeed, and the reward for your efforts will be a new nascent life under your heart! Good luck!

If a woman has a miscarriage, it is important to take competent measures to restore health. This will help to cope with pathology morally and prepare the ground for a new pregnancy. Medical statistics say that 15-20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion for various reasons. Symptoms of what happened rarely go unnoticed.

This makes it possible for a woman to diagnose what happened in time, consult a gynecologist, undergo adequate treatment and plan the birth of a child for the future period. Specialists classify spontaneous abortion into three categories:

1. Termination of biochemical pregnancy- the embryo leaves the uterine cavity in the first - third week after conception. A woman during this period most often does not suspect that she is carrying a child. Pregnancy becomes known only when tests for the content of hCG in urine and blood are taken, which is why it is called "biochemical". The unsuccessful mother perceives the blood released from the body as menstruation, which, for unknown reasons, began outside the planned period. Units who carefully monitor their own health go to the doctor.
2. Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage in early pregnancy - up to 22 weeks, when the weight of the embryo does not reach 0.4 kg.
3. Premature birth when the pregnancy ended at 22-37 weeks. If medical assistance is provided on time, efforts are made to ensure the life of the child, the baby in most cases can be saved. In medicine, an early born is called premature.

After birth, the child is connected to life-support equipment, which contributes to his adaptation to new conditions.

What is a miscarriage - an overview of options

A miscarriage that occurs is complete when all parts of the embryo leave the uterine cavity together with membranes and amniotic fluid. If parts of the fetus remain in the uterus, they talk about incomplete miscarriage, which occurs more often in the early stages of pregnancy. To neutralize the negative consequences, to prevent the development of an infectious process in the tissues, the product of conception from the uterine cavity is evacuated by methods of medical interruption, gynecological curettage, vacuum aspiration. Therapy may include the use of drugs aimed at contracting the uterus and pushing the contents out. Ultrasound examination is considered to be the control diagnostic method. The negative consequences are caused by miscarriage during the first pregnancy. After the incident, conception is possible after a thorough examination and treatment.

The first month of pregnancy is considered the most dangerous for spontaneous miscarriage. Doctors identify the so-called critical periods of development, in which the embryo (fetus) is especially susceptible to the action of harmful factors:

• 2-3 weeks from conception;
• 8-12 weeks;
• 18-22 weeks;
• 28-32 weeks.

During this period, most of the accidents associated with the loss of a child occur. Therefore, the expectant mother should be very careful.

Why the body rejects the embryo

When a new life arises in a woman's body, the causes of miscarriage often lie in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Therefore, it is extremely undesirable to correct the pathological condition before 12 weeks. Among the factors provoking rejection of embryos are:

• Hereditary factor and a genetic failure at the stage of fertilization of an egg with a sperm. An unviable fetus appears as a result of the action of various risk factors - the environmental situation, occupational hazards, a viral disease of the parents. It is impossible to neutralize these factors. The only way out of the situation is to reduce the likelihood of their manifestation by protecting the mother from dangers during the gestation period. If a defect incompatible with life develops in the child's body, the embryo does not undergo natural selection. The body makes a spontaneous abortion, getting rid of an unviable fetus;
• Hormonal imbalance caused by disruption of the endocrine system. The situation may be affected by an insufficient amount of progesterone in the mother's body or an excess of testosterone. With early detection of a failure of the hormonal system, a woman undergoes specially organized therapy before pregnancy, which eliminates the possibility of miscarriage;
• The presence of tumors, neoplasms in the pelvic organs;
• Isthmic-cervical insufficiency(ICI), when the isthmus and cervix open prematurely, unable to cope with the increasing pressure caused by the growing fetus in the body;
• There is a threat of miscarriage in the presence of abnormalities in the work of the cardiovascular, renal systems;
• Drug addiction, alcohol addiction, substance abuse of mother and father;
• Depressive states, stress, nervous stress of a pregnant woman;
• Mechanical loads, shocks, bruises, unbearable physical labor of the future woman in labor;
• X-ray examination- radiation can provoke a miscarriage.
• The use of medicines... In the first trimester, the use of potent medicinal formulas is prohibited. The drugs can cause the development of defects in the embryo. Some herbal decoctions are also contraindicated. These are parsley, tansy, cornflower, nettle, St. John's wort. Self-medication is prohibited. Each drug is agreed with the attending physician.
• Infectious and viral process in the body of a pregnant woman. Any sexually transmitted infection can provoke a miscarriage, which must be treated before pregnancy, otherwise there is a high risk of infection of the fetus in the womb. The great threat of early miscarriage exists due to viral infections and inflammation of internal organs. A dangerous symptom is a high mother's temperature, accompanied by intoxication of the body. At the stage of pregnancy planning, it is important to stop chronic diseases, to get vaccinated against dangerous infections.
• History of abortion, an unsuccessful surgical intervention, the lack of professionalism of the doctor and unsuccessful circumstances can lead to the loss of the fetus.
• Immunological factors.

The list of causes of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy and in a later period may be more extensive; in each case, doctors identify the pathology individually. The expectant mother is not able to prevent the impact of all harmful factors, however, much is within her power.

A little about a frozen pregnancy

Having studied the symptoms of miscarriage, the timing of recovery and methods of treatment, one cannot ignore the issue of a frozen pregnancy. The condition is characterized by the death of the embryo in the womb, often occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy. Among the reasons, similar factors were noted - maternal infections, genetic failure, hormonal imbalance, bad habits, potent drugs, stress.

If, with a spontaneous miscarriage, the clinic is expressed by severe pain and blood loss, then a frozen pregnancy is often asymptomatic. There are no pulling and throbbing sensations of pain, no cramp-like urges, no blood comes out of the vagina. The uterus may not reject the dead embryo, leaving it inside itself. At the initial stage of pregnancy, the condition is difficult to detect; in the second and third trimester, the mother is alarmed by the prolonged absence of abdominal movements. The next visit to the doctor reveals the inconsistency of the timing with the size of the uterus, the absence of a heartbeat in the mother's womb. Ultrasound gives an accurate diagnosis.

If the fetus is dead, and tissue rejection does not occur, scraping or vacuum extraction of the deceased embryo is prescribed. If this is not done, there is a high probability of poisoning with toxic decay products that have entered the bloodstream from the uterus. A thorough examination will help establish the causes of the anomaly and prescribe an effective therapy.

Both spouses should be tested. On the basis of the seized material, the histology of the embryonic tissues is carried out. Diagnosis of diseases is carried out, adequate treatment of the root causes of fetal loss is prescribed. Comprehensive diagnostics includes microbiological, ultrasound, hormonal, immunological examination.

The existing threat of miscarriage during pregnancy is a reason to carry out therapy in a specialized medical institution, if it is established that the pregnancy is progressing. The hospital will provide a calm regimen, timely administration of medications. Hospitalization of a woman with recurrent miscarriage is an adequate response to the risk of fetal loss.

Isthmico-cervical insufficiency (ICI)

One of the most common causes of spontaneous miscarriage during pregnancy is ICI - the opening of the cervix and isthmus of the uterus in response to increasing pressure from a growing fetus. Manipulations with the uterus prior to pregnancy (cervical dilatation due to abortion, childbirth or curettage) affect the condition of the muscle ring. The damaged areas are tightened by scar tissue, which does not have elasticity, does not lend itself to stretching and contraction. ICI also has a functional nature, when there is a hormonal imbalance - the level of testosterone in the blood rises, there is a lack of progesterone.

ICI occurs in the period from 11 to 27 weeks after conception, when the embryo begins to produce androgens in the mother's body with the start of the adrenal glands. Taking into account the mother's hormones, their indicator can be exceeded - this softens the cervix, opens it, shortens it. Harmful bacteria and microorganisms penetrate into the formed canal, infecting the ovum. The initial stages of ICI do not have obvious symptoms, since they do not entail the tone of the uterine muscles. With the loss of the strength of the membranes, amniotic fluid is poured out. There is no pain during miscarriage.

If a woman has experienced a spontaneous termination of pregnancy, which began with the rupture of amniotic fluid, when monitoring the subsequent pregnancy, she should indicate this fact to the doctor.

Treatment of ischemic-cervical insufficiency

Endocrine disorders, leading to an increase in testosterone, are corrected by the appointment of hormonal drugs. The assessment of the condition of the uterus is done by the doctor a couple of weeks after starting the medication. Positive dynamics is said when the opening is suspended and no further expansion of the cervix is ​​observed. If therapy does not give the planned effect, surgery is prescribed. Similar measures are used for the traumatic nature of the deformity of the cervix. You should not be afraid of the operation, the doctor acts delicately, without causing additional injuries to the patient, without causing discomfort to the expectant mother and the baby growing in the womb. The greater effectiveness of the procedure is noted in the early stages. Suturing can significantly reduce the risk of infection of the embryo through the lower edge of the cavity.

Surgical intervention is carried out in a stationary setting. Before the operation, the pregnant woman is examined. After the procedure, the vagina is sanitized, for which, within 3 days, the suture site is treated with antiseptics. For this purpose, chlorhexidine and furacillin are used. Then, every week, the patient needs to undergo a follow-up examination with the attending physician, where he assesses the situation, making adjustments to the therapeutic protocol if necessary. Removal of stitches occurs at 38 weeks of gestation. During this time, the cervix matures, preparing the birth canal for the passage of the fetus. Many women in labor are worried that stitches will require a caesarean section. This is not true. In most cases, women give birth on their own.

Emergency measures are recommended if from 16 to 24 weeks the fetal bladder prolapses into the cervix. The operation of suturing the cervix obliges a woman to comply with bed rest, strictly follow the daily routine, avoid physical exertion, and do not miss taking medications. In rare cases, complications occur after suturing. These include the cutting of sutures through the tissues, provoked by the frequent tension of the muscles of the uterus. Tocolytics are prescribed to prevent tone. The mother-to-be should be ready to undergo enhanced examinations, taking smears to check the vagina. This is caused by the likelihood of the accumulation of pathological microflora on the stitches.

It is also important to conduct psychological therapy, where a woman is taught the techniques of self-soothingness and relaxation. Mother's behavior is a decisive factor in successful bearing of the fetus in case of complications. Panic and vanity create an unfavorable prognosis in stabilizing the situation. Careful health monitoring is carried out in a newborn baby to eliminate the risk of infection in the womb. If there was a spontaneous abortion due to ICI reasons, when it is possible to become pregnant after a miscarriage, the doctor will say. Ideally, this should be at least two years. The physician must take steps to prevent the loss of the child again.

Now, in addition to the suture, the correction of the ICI is also carried out with the help of an obstetric pessary. An alternative method is the imposition of a special ring made of hypoallergenic materials on the cervix. The most commonly used silicone. The ring creates additional support, preventing the neck from opening.

Hypertonicity of the uterus - risk prevention

Contractions of the uterus before the time of natural childbirth is called organ hypertonicity. The condition is not an independent disease, it signals a malfunction in the body of the expectant mother, often manifests itself in the early stages of pregnancy. The causes of the pathological phenomenon are:

• Hormonal disorders caused by insufficient function of the placenta, ovaries, disruption of the adrenal glands, causing imbalance.
• Genital infantilism, organ defects;
• Neoplasms, tumors in the uterus not necessarily malignant (fibroids);
• Transferred during pregnancy infectious processes, viral diseases;
• ICN - cervical opening under the increasing pressure created by the growing embryo;
• Immunological disadvantage;
• Chronic diseases of the body(cardiovascular disorders, renal failure);
• Previously suffered spontaneous miscarriages in the early stages, the symptoms of which may recur, artificially induced abortions.

In addition to physiological reasons, psychological factors are of no small importance. A depressed woman can provoke uterine hypertonicity.

A woman can feel the tension of the muscles of the uterus herself, without the help of a specialist. This is evidenced by the heaviness that appears in the lower abdomen, pulling pains in the lumbar region. Symptoms are similar to painful periods. Arising in the first trimester, the condition provokes a spontaneous abortion, a frozen pregnancy, the death of the ovum. In the subsequent period, premature birth is likely due to hypertonicity of the uterus.

Why does the tension of the walls of the uterus have dire consequences? The matter lies in the impaired blood supply to the placental tissues, the occurrence of embryo hypoxia, and the slowdown in the development of the developing child. Following the contraction of the muscles of the uterus, the placenta does not contract. This becomes the reason for its detachment, provoking the exit of the fetal bladder.

Uterine hypertonicity is detected during a planned visit to a specialist. Stabilization of the situation requires the appointment of sedatives and antispasmodics. The therapy with the inclusion of vitamin B6 and magnesium has a strengthening effect. In most cases, the measures taken are sufficient to neutralize the risks. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. This can cause irreversible consequences. With hypertonia, the main rule for a pregnant woman is calmness and lack of physical activity. Some mothers who have successfully delivered childbirth say that they "did not get up" during the entire pregnancy. This is true, but the result is worth the sacrifice. With hypertonia, sexual intercourse and sexual life are excluded.

If the threat cannot be neutralized, hospitalization of the pregnant woman in a hospital environment is recommended. It is especially dangerous when severe cramping pain is complemented by bloody discharge. To lie down "for preservation" is an adequate measure in the struggle for the birth of a healthy and strong baby. In the hospital walls, a pregnant woman is assigned a vaginal examination, an ultrasound scan. On a computer monitor, when scanning the fetal bladder and uterus, the doctor determines their condition with a high degree of accuracy. If necessary, the expectant mother is sent to assess the level of hormones, takes urine and blood tests, and is examined for STIs.

At the onset of labor activity before 34 weeks, they try to stabilize the condition with tocolytics. The most dangerous period is from 25 to 28 weeks, the woman is recommended the maximum possible bed rest. After that, the fetus has every chance of survival. To quickly form the pulmonary system of the embryo, allowing it to survive early birth, hormones are prescribed. Having an unfavorable prognosis for miscarriage and the threat of miscarriage, it is necessary to deal with the prevention of this situation at the stage of conception planning.

Stages of spontaneous abortion

There are certain signs of a miscarriage that attract attention and divide the course of a miscarriage into specific stages:

• Threat - noticing factors threatening pregnancy, you can take measures to restore the situation, normalize the mother's well-being.
• Initiation of an abortion - Adequate therapy can work wonders. At this stage, the doctor can apply life-saving manipulations and issue recommendations to a pregnant woman who plans to become a mother.
• Miscarriage in progress - the condition is irreversible, it is impossible to stop the pathology. The death of the ovum begins, leaving the uterine cavity.
• Completed abortion- the uterus gets rid of the residual tissue of the embryo, cleanses, restores the original parameters. It is important not to allow the remnants of foreign fibers inside, otherwise the organ becomes infected with decomposing residues, toxins go into the bloodstream.

An effective diagnostic method is an ultrasound examination of the uterus and pelvic organs.

Miscarriage symptoms - how not to miss a threat

If there is a threat of early miscarriage, the following symptoms may occur:

• Pulling, incessant pain in the lower abdomen. The pain can be monotonous or come in waves.
• Sluggish bleeding opens, the signs of which are reduced to smearing brownish discharge. Bright scarlet blood can be released, it is often confused with menstruation.
• Uterine tone.

A woman who does not know how an early miscarriage occurs should listen to her inner state. Should alert:

• spasmodic pain impulses;
• pulling pain in the lumbar spine.

In the later stages, the following are added to the above symptoms:

• Liquid vaginal discharge, which can signal damage to the amniotic fluid
• pain when urinating;
• internal bleeding, which warns of a deterioration in general condition, fainting, dizziness, pallor of the skin
• These conditions are indications for emergency hospitalization of a pregnant woman.

The stage of the onset of abortion is characterized by more vivid symptoms of a miscarriage - pain-like pains, severe dizziness, loss of strength. Instead of smearing secretions, clot-like secretions appear, abundantly manifested when moving. At this point, in some cases, it is still possible to preserve the pregnancy, if the area of ​​detachment of the ovum is small, the pregnancy progresses, the fetal heartbeat is determined.

The third stage is useless for saving the fetus. There is a girdle pain in the lower back and abdomen. Together with profuse blood loss, the ovum leaves the uterus. Incomplete miscarriage requires scraping of the uterine cavity if parts of the embryo or membranes of the ovum remain in the cavity, otherwise there is a high risk of complications that threaten the mother's life.

In an early miscarriage, the symptoms are similar in many respects to late abortion - pain and bleeding. The intensity and duration of symptoms can vary. The ovum passing through the birth canal damages the fine vascular network, injuring the tissue. This causes bleeding. Normally, blood will cease to flow after a spontaneous miscarriage after a few days. A period exceeding these indicators confirms the infection of the uterus, the preservation of the remains of the embryo in the cavity. Therapy is based on drug treatment, surgical intervention.

After a spontaneous miscarriage, complications are likely, serious consequences for health. These are rare cases, in most situations the body copes with what has happened on its own, expels the parts remaining in the uterine cavity by natural muscle contraction. An early spontaneous miscarriage does not always occur, a dangerous condition may await at a later date. Some women try to provoke the release of the fetus with herbal decoctions and medications. This is fraught with complications, including sepsis, impaired functions of the reproductive organs, after which pregnancy in the subsequent period becomes impossible.

Diagnostic methods

If there is a threat of early miscarriage, the doctor will help determine the symptoms when visiting the antenatal clinic. The specialist will check the size of the uterus, determine the tone of its muscles, the condition of the cervix, and examine the discharge from the genitals. A reliable method to identify the existing threat is transvaginal ultrasound diagnostics. The doctor pays attention to segmental muscle contractions of the uterus, detachment of the ovum. Genetic testing can help analyze the likely causes of miscarriage. The patient's history is carefully collected, clinical signs of spontaneous abortions are noted

Drug therapy

In order to maintain pregnancy, any method is good. A qualified physician develops an individual treatment protocol based on the available diagnostic data. Among the drugs used:

• sedatives;
• restorative therapy;
• drugs that stabilize hormones;
• antispasmodics that reduce the tone of the uterus;
• vitamin and mineral supplements.

The specialist eliminates the threat of miscarriage in the early stages, tells how to prevent a relapse of a woman who has lost her child. In later stages, the cervix is ​​fixed with a special suture (usually 16-25 weeks, if there is an ICI).

In case of an unsuccessful attempt to stop a spontaneous abortion, the following therapeutic tactics are used:

• Expectation - an organism freed from the embryo on its own does not require specialized treatment.
• Drug therapy- the patient is prescribed medications that complete the removal of foreign tissues from the body. Causing severe spasms of the muscle walls of the uterus, the tablets provoke the expulsion of the remnants from the cavity.
• Surgery - is used in case of complications or inconvenient uterus bending for the fetus to emerge on its own.

A control conclusion is made by a doctor after an ultrasound scan.

Surgery (curettage)

Having diagnosed the symptoms of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy, and faced with the need for curettage, a woman worries about the state of the reproductive system. It is not worth doing this, the operation takes place in a sparing mode, with maximum delicacy in relation to the patient's fertility. Curettage is carried out when there is a risk of incomplete exit of the embryo from the uterine cavity and the development of infection in the pelvic organs due to the elements remaining in it. Ignoring the procedure can lead to blood poisoning and the formation of pathology that prevents repeated conception.

The specialist conducts an examination, fills out the patient's health card, sends the woman for an enema. Before the operation, hair removal from the pubic surface is mandatory. Taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, the anesthesiologist selects a drug for pain relief. The doctor dilates the cervix, cleans the internal cavity with a curette, freeing it from the remnants of the ovum. The uterus is scraped out from the inside to prevent infection. However, vacuum aspiration is more often performed, as it is a more gentle method of removing residues from the uterus.

After a miscarriage, the materials obtained during curettage are sent for histological analysis. The rules recommended by the doctor should be strictly followed. A woman will be able to resume sexual activity no earlier than 1.5-2 months after the procedure. During this period, the damaged tissue will be restored. By this time, menstruation will resume, it will be possible to use the usual methods of contraception.

Scraping - what and why

Cleaning is carried out after a miscarriage at an early stage in most cases, in order to prevent the development of infection in the uterine cavity from the remaining tissues of the dead fetus. It is pointless to be afraid of the negative consequences of cleaning. Gynecological curettage is a procedure for removing the upper layer of the inner cavity of the uterus. After removing the excess, the endometrium begins natural repair, restoring the ability to function normally. The neck is expanded to facilitate access to the cavity after local anesthesia. This is facilitated by special medicinal formulas or medical instruments. Gynecological cleaning is carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for various indications:

• after childbirth;
• with a frozen pregnancy, miscarriages;
• in case of malfunctions of the menstrual cycle;
• for making an accurate diagnosis of gynecological disorders.

The complex application of the method with hysteroscopy allows you to carefully examine the internal contents of the uterus in order to prevent poorly cleansed areas on the mucous membrane. The essence of the technology makes it similar to an abortion, but the purpose of the procedures is significantly different.

Preparing for gynecological cleansing

Scraping is recommended a few days before the onset of menstruation. In this case, blood loss decreases and a favorable prognosis is given for rapid tissue repair. The operation requires a preliminary examination and tests. It:

• a study for the ability of blood clotting;
• smear for the study of the bacteriological environment;
• analysis for STIs.

Before curettage, you stop taking any medications, dietary supplements that have not been discussed with a specialist. Even herbal components that can affect blood clotting and provoke blood loss during surgery can pose a danger. It is important that your healthcare provider is advised of the medications you are taking so that they know what risks may arise. The rules for preparing for the procedure are simple:

• give up sexual intercourse 3 days before the operation;
• exclude from everyday life the use of intimate hygiene products (gels, creams, ointments, liquids), suppositories, tablets and vaginal sprays;
• do not douche;
• do not eat or drink 10 hours before surgery. This is necessary for high-quality anesthesia, which allows the patient to feel uncomfortable.

Cleaning

Curettage is performed in a hospital setting, the woman is placed on the gynecological chair of the operating room. The doctor removes the top layer of the mucous membrane lining the uterine cavity from the inside. The elimination of painful sensations involves anesthesia. If signs of miscarriage were observed in the early stages of pregnancy or at a later period, after which it was spontaneously interrupted, the dilated cervix allows curettage to be performed without anesthesia. For anesthesia, intravenous administration of the drug is used, selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body. A few seconds after the injection, the woman falls into a shallow sleep, the discomfort disappears, which makes the doctor's actions painless.

A dilator inserted into the cervix straightens the walls of the organ, facilitating access to the internal cavity. Holding the neck, the specialist inserts a rounded probe with a small diameter, and then replaces it with a more voluminous analogue. A special video camera attached to the end of the probe allows hysteroscopy - examination of the cavity before scraping. Cleaning is carried out with a curette, in shape similar to a small spoon on a long handle. Carefully collected tissues are stored in a specialized sterile tube, which is later sent to the laboratory for histological examination.

The procedure rarely goes beyond one hour, usually the doctor needs 20 minutes. Together with the uterine cavity, the cervical canal is cleared. Manipulations are called RDV - separate diagnostic curettage. Collected samples are placed separately. Histology is used to identify the structure of tissues in order to exclude the presence of atypical cells in them, indicating cancerous lesions, precancerous conditions. The study is carried out within two weeks, after receiving the results, the woman revisits the gynecologist for a follow-up examination.

Curettage is often carried out for diagnostic purposes to clarify the symptoms of pathological conditions in the work of the organs of the reproductive system. It can be:

• periods with an irregular cycle;
• bulky discharge and painful menstruation;
• discharge of blood during menopause;
• difficulties in conception in the absence of visible causes of pathology;
• the assumption of developing uterine cancer.

Gynecological cleaning is carried out in order to obtain materials for histological analysis.

Curettage after miscarriage - possible complications

Complications can occur, just like after any surgical intervention. A serious consequence is the opening of uterine bleeding due to insufficient blood clotting. In order to prevent oxytocin is used - injections stimulate the cessation of abnormal blood flow. Oxytocin will help if the bleeding is caused by the uterus not contracting well. It is not effective in case of clotting disorders.

Another complication is a hematometer, when blood clots accumulate in the uterine cavity, which can cause the development of an inflammatory process in the tissues. The hematometer contributes to the spasm of the cervix, which prevents the blood from coming out, which occurred immediately after the cleaning. Experts recommend the use of antispasmodics, which relax the musculature of the organ and promote the normal outflow of blood. A woman should be alerted by pulling pains in the lower abdomen, a sharp cessation of discharge.

After cleansing, endometritis may occur when inflammation affects the uterine lining. An adequate measure of therapy for a dangerous diagnosis is a course of antibiotics. Abdominal pain and a sharp increase in body temperature indicate a pathological condition. Any dangerous change in condition must be reported to a physician immediately. In this case, countermeasures will be taken in a timely manner, which will eliminate the risks of developing more formidable complications.

How to behave after a miscarriage

The miscarriage that has occurred requires the failed parents to observe certain behavioral tactics. Among the measures recommended by doctors:

1. It is advisable to postpone a new pregnancy attempt by 3-6 months. Otherwise, there is a high risk of repeating undesirable developments. If the pregnancy occurred before the expiration date, you cannot panic. The main thing is observation by a specialist. Then there is a chance to give birth safely.
2. If you are waiting for a deadline, consult about an effective method of contraception.
3. Follow the advice given by your doctor. Having understood what threats of miscarriage exist, it is easier to neutralize them.
4. Pass the recommended examinations, take the necessary tests. Probable studies for both parents are the identification of infections of the reproductive system, hormones in the blood, hemostasis, and immune status. Identified failures are subject to mandatory correction.

Consult what effect the taken funds will have on the fetus if you become pregnant during therapy. Find out after what period of time you can fearlessly try to conceive a child. In most situations, in addition to the therapeutic course, it is necessary to change the usual way of life - daily routine, nutrition, habits.

The psychological state of a woman during the recovery period

A spontaneous abortion is stressful for a woman. Faced with this situation, many lose the meaning of life, are afraid to plan a new pregnancy after a miscarriage, fearing a repetition of the incident. The condition of a woman during this period is unstable, emotions are negative and unstable. Often a failed mother begins to treat herself with negative thoughts, revel in contemplating other people's children on the street, communicating with mothers who have experienced grief on the forums, visiting children's stores and looking at small things in windows. A likely tactic of behavior is to blame yourself for what happened. Against the background of such thoughts, families are destroyed, divorces occur.

Psychologists advise to show perseverance, endurance, purposefulness. For this you need:

Over time, negative thoughts will fade into the background, a desire for a fulfilling life will appear. A new pregnancy will not frighten and disturb.

How to detect genetic pathologies during repeated pregnancy

If there was a miscarriage of the first pregnancy due to a genetic factor, it is especially scary to decide on a second one. You should not be afraid of this, with a well-designed therapy, the chances of success are more than great. Diagnostic procedures today are highly accurate and allow you to identify pathology in the early stages. Among the deviations are the syndrome of Edwards, Down, Patau and other pathologies. It is imperative that examination is recommended for women with repeated miscarriages, as well as:

• over 35 years old;
• having changes identified during screening;
• with markers of chromosomal pathologies and embryonic malformations;
• with previously born children with chromosome abnormalities.

Ultrasound diagnostics can detect malformations in 80-85% of cases. However, the technology is not flawlessly reliable, since it misses pathologies in 20% of situations. Biochemical screening and invasive examinations have valid data. The latter version of the study allows you to identify up to 99% of anomalies. No less popular is the PANORAMA high-precision test for the determination of DNA pathologies.

When planning a new pregnancy, you should definitely visit genetics. Screening diagnostics to identify abnormal genes will help eliminate the risks of possible pathologies, the factor of heredity and genetic failure during conception. Sometimes the threat of early miscarriage exists in almost healthy carriers. The examination will allow you to find out about the anomaly in advance and undergo adequate treatment for possible pathology.

Planning a new pregnancy

The medical community is unanimous in planning a new pregnancy after a spontaneous abortion. Conception is not recommended for at least 3-6 months after the accident. During this period, the woman's body will recover and gain strength for bearing the fetus. It is important to observe a doctor, harmonize hormonal levels, and examine parents to identify possible pathologies. In order not to get pregnant after a miscarriage in the first months, it is recommended to use the contraceptive methods recommended by your doctor.

Examination after miscarriage includes blood and urine tests, examination of the vaginal microflora using a smear, detection of obvious and latent genital infections, glucose and hormone tests, examination of the biological compatibility of partners. Planning is an important step towards having a healthy baby. After the studies, the woman is prescribed strengthening therapy. It is important to completely revise your eating habits, to exclude factors harmful to your well-being. Vitamins, folic acid are used. Fast food products containing carcinogens and preservatives are excluded from the diet. If the rules recommended by the doctor are followed, a successful pregnancy with a favorable outcome is likely.

It is not uncommon for a pregnancy test to show two stripes after a miscarriage. This is due to the restructuring of the body, organs of the reproductive system. It is important to report the incident to the attending physician. The presence of remnants of embryonic tissue in the uterus can provoke a positive test result. In this case, immediate scraping is necessary, which neutralizes the risk of inflammation and infection. In order to accurately determine her condition, a woman needs to undergo ultrasound diagnostics, to be tested for the determination of hCG in the blood.

The question of whether it is possible to become pregnant after a miscarriage worries many parents. The answer is unequivocal - yes, if you follow the recommendations of experts, carefully plan a new conception, monitor your well-being and your health.

Components of Success After Miscarriage

The patient's state of health does not always lead to a miscarriage; in many ways, non-compliance with simple rules becomes a threat. To reduce the risks of losing a baby during pregnancy, you must:

1. Keep calm- it is important for the mother to exclude from life all the factors that make her nervous. Irritation is not the best way to normalize the condition. In order to stabilize the emotional background, rest is recommended, the use of soothing teas with the permission of a doctor. Herbal teas made from chamomile, lemon balm, and mint give good results.
2. Exclude taking unnecessary medications and drugs. Self-termination of the therapy prescribed by the doctor is unacceptable. Each step must be discussed with the gynecologist.
3. Eliminate harmful occupational factors... Working in the chemical industry and at other hazardous facilities can create an undesirable background in the body, which interferes with the normal bearing of a child. It is important to understand what is of great value to the mother - the birth of a healthy baby or a career factor. Many women refuse to work in harmful conditions in order to increase the chance of having a baby.
4. Eliminate bad habits... It is unacceptable for a mother, faced with miscarriage, to practice bad habits in everyday life - to drink alcoholic beverages, smoke. It is forbidden for the father to do this either. Harmfulness negatively affects the quality of sperm, which provokes difficulties with conception and the risks of deviations in the development of the embryo.
5. Take vitamin complexes specially designed to prepare the body for pregnancy, the formation of basic conditions for its favorable course.
6. Healthy eating... A complete, balanced diet works wonders. With a lack of weight, a nutritionist will develop an adequate diet for a woman with the inclusion in food of a large amount of protein products, rich in vitamins and microelements of vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Fatty foods are allowed in food if we are talking about the "correct" fat, which is found in fish, seeds, nuts, avocados, olives.
7. Get rid of extra pounds... Obesity adversely affects the development of pregnancy. Science has proven that increased nutrition at the time of pregnancy, consisting of a plentiful meal, is not required. The main thing is its balance.

Psychological readiness for conception and observation by a gynecologist until the moment of a successful birth is important. Science knows the facts of a successful pregnancy even after multiple failed attempts.

Repeated pregnancy makes a woman worry about every little thing. Fears scare, set up a negative wave. It is important to suppress the pathological state of the psyche in oneself - the emotional background is transmitted to the baby. Try to treat pregnancy as a heavenly miracle. Prepare yourself for childbirth physically, with the permission of the doctor, attend trainings and seminars for pregnant women, courses for future parents.

It happens that a woman, having become pregnant again, does not want to share her experiences with loved ones. This is not worth doing. At work, when confirming conception, provide the employer with a certificate of the need to transfer to light work. Perhaps the gynecologist will completely protect you from visiting the workplace by writing out a sick leave.

Infections during pregnancy

Infectious processes transferred before pregnancy develop immunity in the mother to similar agents of influence. Primary infection poses a great threat, so vaccination will not be superfluous when planning conception. Perinatal diagnostics allows you to detect an infectious process at an early stage and prevent its harmful effects. This is possible if a pregnant woman is registered early.

Infection of a pregnant woman can develop due to an infection transmitted by airborne droplets. This is the most dangerous species, since it is almost impossible to prevent it. This applies to mumps, measles, rubella. HIV and hepatitis affect the body through sexual intercourse, and chlamydia works in a similar way. Listeriosis is spread through poor quality foods. A pregnant woman can transmit infections to a developing baby. This pathology is determined by profile tests of latent infection.

Routine monitoring of the development of pregnancy involves regular testing. Sexual infections are determined using a smear, ultrasound shows abnormalities in the development of the baby, and CTG is aimed at listening to the work of the fetal heart muscle. If there is a suspicion of a serious infection of the embryo, the practice of taking blood from the umbilical cord and taking an analysis of the amniotic fluid.

The infection of the child also depends on the accompanying factors. The speed of diagnosis, the literacy of the treatment, the type of pathogen, and the duration of pregnancy are taken into account. The following infectious processes deserve special attention:

1. Viral etiology - a huge number of viruses pose a danger to a pregnant woman. It is enough for the virus to capture one cell for the pathological process to begin. The carrier carries the infection, spreading it to internal organs and tissues. The threat is posed by genital herpes, rubella, infectious erythema, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, chickenpox.
2. Attention is deserved by bacterial infections found in the analysis of biological materials (feces, urine, blood), examination of individual organs of the body. Active reproduction provokes a rapid growth in the number of bacteria in the vagina. Not all microorganisms pose a threat to the baby. Antibiotic therapy is used, which destroys harmful microflora. Dangerous candidiasis, streptococcus, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, cystitis.

The course of pregnancy is threatened by intestinal infections, which are often activated in the summer. Animals that are poorly processed before eating food can be carriers of the infection. Of particular danger are listeriosis, salmonellosis, toxoplasmosis.

Prevention of infections during pregnancy

Infection in the mother provokes a threat to the life of the fetus. From 3 to 12 weeks, the infected organism responds with a miscarriage or the formation of child defects. From 11 to 28 - developmental delay. At a later date, it deforms already formed organs and creates conditions for premature birth. In order to prevent intrauterine infection, it is recommended to apply a number of rules:

• Examine mother for the detection of STI diseases.
• examine blood, to determine the presence of antibodies to carriers of infection, pathogens.
• avoid contact with sick people, visiting crowded places where there is a possibility of infection by airborne droplets.
• conduct an examination of pets for the presence of dangerous infections, if necessary, treat or remove them from the house until the threat is eliminated.
• exclude fast food from the diet, store semi-finished products, subject to thorough heat treatment of meat, fish.
• remove exotic foods from the diet- sushi and other culinary delights purchased in restaurants and cafes.
• wash hands, fruits, vegetables thoroughly with special disinfectants that are not capable of harming a pregnant woman and a child.
• to visit the gynecologist according to the plan, undergo examinations recommended by a doctor, take tests, take vitamins.
• register at the first sign of pregnancy to be monitored by doctors.
• when planning a pregnancy prepare for conception, cure infections, vaccinate.

It is important for the child's father to follow most of the recommended rules. If only the mother is treated, a relapse during sexual intercourse is likely, neutralizing the beneficial effect of therapy.

A woman who has suffered a miscarriage in the past should be alarmed by any deviations from the norm in health. It is important to pay attention to ailments, pain, weakness, dizziness. Accounting in the consultation at an early date will create conditions for bearing a fetus and the birth of a child. There is no need to be afraid that a miscarriage will forever deprive the joy of motherhood.

After completing a course of examinations, passing tests and observing the measures prescribed by the doctor for treating the imbalance in the body, you will create all the conditions for a favorable pregnancy outcome. Tune in to the positive, protect yourself from worries, worries, stress. Feel the support of loved ones, hope for the best. Get advice from good specialists to rule out any unfavorable prognosis before conception or to take measures to neutralize them. Health and prosperity to you, your families and close people!

A miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) is the spontaneous termination of a pregnancy up to 22 weeks. Accordingly, they are divided into early and late. The dynamics of what is happening are distinguished:

• Threatened abortion
• Started abortion
• Complete (or incomplete) abortion

The division into these types is very arbitrary, they can flow into each other. For example, a threatening abortion turns into a full one, and a frozen pregnancy still ends with the release of the ovum.

How often is pregnancy terminated?

It is believed that at least 20% of all conceptions end in spontaneous abortion. It is possible that this figure is underestimated. Indeed, many women do not even suspect about an interrupted pregnancy when it happens at 4 weeks, mistaking it for belated periods. The percentage of such events increases with the age of the woman.

Some statistics:

• 80% of all sudden abortions are lost in the 1st trimester
• 90% of losses in the first trimester and about 30% in the second are the result of random chromosomal abnormalities that most likely will not recur
• more than half of all women with a threat of miscarriage safely carry a pregnancy up to 40 weeks
• at the age of 40, a woman has a 50% risk of spontaneous abortion.

Possible causes of termination of pregnancy

Unfortunately, it is far from always possible to establish the exact cause of such an event. This comes with most of the worries of parents planning a new pregnancy after a failure.

Embryo developmental disorders

Almost 90% of pregnancies terminated before 8 weeks were associated with the mutation. Chromosomal abnormalities are, as it were, “weeded out” by nature in order to prevent the birth of unviable children. Therefore, abroad, at such an early date, they do not even try to treat a threatening abortion.

Immune disruptions

In recent years, the phrase "antiphospholipid syndrome" has instilled fear in all women who have lost their pregnancy at least once. It is this diagnosis that they are trying in vain to find with a spontaneous abortion up to 12 weeks, passing unnecessary tests.

APS is a syndrome in which antibodies to its own proteins are formed in the body. As a result, thrombosis, thromboembolism occur in the absence of visible causes of miscarriage in the early stages of 10 weeks. In addition, the risk of fetal growth retardation and severe preeclampsia is increased. True APS requires treatment throughout all subsequent pregnancies.

To diagnose the syndrome, in addition to detecting antiphospholipid antibodies, certain symptoms are needed (unexplained miscarriage, thrombosis). Therefore, it makes no sense to be tested for APS during the first pregnancy or after a single loss in the early stages.

Uterine abnormalities

Congenital defects of the genital organs, for example, an incomplete septum of the uterus, increases the risk of spontaneous abortion by almost 2 times. Surprisingly, more serious disorders (two-horned and two-necked uterus) are less likely to lead to abortion.

Cervical (isthmic-cervical) insufficiency

In the second trimester, the role of cervical insufficiency increases in the structure of spontaneous miscarriages. In this case, the cervix prematurely softens and shortens, which leads to the outpouring of amniotic fluid and the onset of labor. The reason for this condition may be trauma during gynecological manipulations, anatomical features, and frequent artificial abortions. Most often, this process is asymptomatic, only occasionally discharge or pain may appear. Therefore, absolutely all women in the period of 19-21 weeks need to undergo cervicometry - measuring the length of the neck using an intravaginal ultrasound sensor.

Hormonal causes

There is some evidence that the low may be. Luteal phase deficiency is a manifestation of progesterone deficiency. In reality, this condition is less common than the diagnosis sounds. Sometimes NLF is combined with changes in the ovaries, pituitary gland and other endocrine organs. Very often, low progesterone is successfully combined with a normal pregnancy.

Infections

High fever and severe intoxication of the maternal body can stimulate uterine contractions and cause abortion. Therefore, any infection is potentially dangerous. However, some diseases are especially prone to miscarriage. This is rubella, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, brucellosis (see). Other infections are not associated with increased abortion rates. It is important to note that in the case of repeated abortions, the role of infection is sharply reduced.

Systemic diseases of the mother

There are diseases that not only complicate the course of pregnancy, but can increase the frequency of spontaneous abortions. These include:

• (with poor glucose control)
• Blood clotting disorder
• Autoimmune diseases

Poisoning and injury

A clear link between toxic substances and abortion has not been established. It is believed that working with organic solvents and narcotic gases can provoke abortion. Smoking, high doses of alcohol and drugs have the same effect.

Accidents with abdominal injury and ovarian and intestinal surgery can be dangerous during pregnancy. But the embryo in the uterus has good protection, so most of these interventions end well.

Myths about the causes of early pregnancy loss

Before 13 weeks, termination of pregnancy is almost never associated with the following factors:

• Flight by plane
• Mild blunt trauma to the abdomen
• Sports activities (adequate)
• One previous miscarriage before 12 weeks
• Sexual activity
• Stress

• With an infection of the genital tract (if the bleeding is prolonged, for example), the doctor prescribes antibiotics. It makes no sense to take them only as a preventive measure for self-abortion. If its completion was stimulated by misoprostol, then the fever on the first day will be medication, not infection, so do not worry. With surgery, a single prophylactic antibacterial drug is usually prescribed.
• If the loss of pregnancy was accompanied by significant bleeding, then iron supplements may be required to treat anemia.
• Under certain circumstances, the gynecologist may recommend contraception. But with uncomplicated spontaneous abortion at different times, you can start planning pregnancy as soon as the psychological mood appears.
• In case of habitual miscarriage (3 or more spontaneous abortions in a row), it is necessary to undergo additional procedures and be tested.

Examination for recurrent miscarriage

If spontaneous abortion is repeated 2 or more times (and by some standards - 3), then this condition is called habitual miscarriage. It requires a thorough examination and finding out the reasons. Approximate survey plan and problem solution:

Survey	Treatment when a problem is identified
Analysis of environmental, social conditions and habits	Elimination of bad habits, normalization of body weight, housing and psychological conditions
Karyotyping of abortion and parents (determination of the chromosome set)	In case of chromosomal damage, a thorough genetic examination of the embryo is necessary in subsequent pregnancies.
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs,	Removal of fibroids, polyps, uterine septum and other anatomical defects
API tests	If the syndrome is confirmed in the next pregnancy, taking low molecular weight heparin and aspirin to thin the blood
Thrombophilia tests (only if the woman and her immediate family have had a history of thrombosis)	Appropriate treatment
Checking thyroid function (TSH and other hormone levels)	Treatment (usually with L-thyroxine)
Hyperprolactinemia test (high)	Dopamine agonist treatment
Determination of glycated hemoglobin (in diabetes mellitus)	Insulin treatment
Tests for STIs (CMV, herpes, chlamydia, gardnerellosis, etc.), as well as toxoplasmosis.	Eliminate infection if necessary

Prevention of pregnancy loss

The main task for all women planning to become mothers is to reasonably approach their new status. It is important to take only the necessary medications (folic acid, iron), get rid of bad habits and stress. For repeat abortions, additional testing and treatment can also reduce the risk of failure. But the most important thing is to understand that most women with pregnancy losses in the past managed to get pregnant, bear and give birth to healthy children.

FAQ

Two years ago, there was a freeze of pregnancy at a period of 7 weeks. Now I am pregnant again, for a period of 5 weeks, the doctor prescribed Utrozhestan in candles. Is there any indication for this? Will the drug harm the child?

A frozen pregnancy alone is not an indication for the appointment of Utrozhestan. Perhaps there are other reasons for admitting it that you did not specify. In such a situation, Utrozhestan does not pose a danger to the child.

The gestation period is 16 weeks. Beginning at 14 weeks, profuse bleeding continues. According to ultrasound, the fetus is alive, there is a large hematoma. Worried that the level of hemoglobin is rapidly falling, doctors adjust for interruption. Is there a chance to maintain a pregnancy with heavy bleeding?

Could a cold within 7 weeks provoke a miscarriage?

In theory, high fever could promote abortion. But at such a short time, a spontaneous genetic breakdown is most likely.

How long after an unsuccessful pregnancy (ended at 6 weeks) can you plan a new one?

If there are no complications, you can start planning right away. But it is better to wait 1-2 menstrual cycles for psychological preparation and folic acid intake.

What are the symptoms at 2 weeks of miscarriage?

If we consider the obstetric method for determining the duration of pregnancy by the last menstruation, then at 2 weeks conception has not even occurred yet. If we mean the age of the embryo, then it corresponds to a period of 4 weeks. Such an aborted pregnancy is called biochemical, since nothing can be seen on ultrasound. Therefore, the symptom will be bleeding, which coincides in time with menstruation or with a delay of several days.