A variety of thread crafts in photo lessons. Step-by-step explanation of the creation process (81 photos). Types of sewing threads

05.05.2019

What do we know about threads? Almost nothing ... basically, we just open the catalog in the store and, having found the desired color, ask to punch the receipt.

But a lot depends on the quality of the threads! Very often the threads pull together the seams or wear out faster. What does it depend on?

Moreover, the numbers of sewing threads have changed, many foreign companies have appeared that have their own trade numbers, and the information that we have remembered from times is no longer relevant.

Let's start with the fact that the threads are different: for shoes, for embroidery, clothing, surgical, etc. In this article I will talk about the sewing threads needed for sewing and decorating clothes. They are natural, artificial and synthetic.

In addition, the twist of the thread is important, which ensures its strength.

Z- the right-hand twist is specially designed for sewing and embroidery machines, and S- left twist for handmade (knitting, embroidery, etc.).

Natural threads like fabrics, there are four types: cotton, linen, woolen and silk. Natural threads can be harsh, colored, white and black in color. And for the finish - matte and glossy. Glossy threads are stronger than matte threads. Melange threads are also available.

The thickness of the threads is determined by the trade number.

Cotton threads do not cause allergic reactions, therefore they are used when sewing children's underwear, they are hygroscopic, do not melt when ironing and when operating a sewing machine, but shrink. At the moment, they are not as common as, for example, 20 years ago.

Silk threads differ in richness of color and smoothness, but inferior in strength. The choice of sewing threads depends on the composition of the fabric, therefore, it is preferable to process silk fabrics with silk threads, cotton - cotton, etc. Silk threads are also called complex threads by the type of production.

Linen thread used in sewing technical fabrics and tarpaulins (tents, backpacks and overalls), as well as in shoe production.

Woolen thread have a narrowly targeted application in embroidery, decorative items, winter and children's clothing.

TO artificial include viscose thread. They have a pleasant shine and resemble silk in properties, and therefore are not as durable as synthetic ones. They are used for decorative seams and stitches, as well as on embroidery machines.

Synthetic threads(nylon, lavsan, anid) are durable and resistant to abrasion, with low shrinkage and chemical resistance. But the low heat resistance results in a slower sewing speed as the needle heats up and the fibers melt. Today they are the most popular because they have properties that natural threads do not have. In addition, the production of synthetic materials is increasing, and the connection of parts made of such materials should be carried out with threads that are suitable in terms of properties. But due to their elasticity, the seam can open up if it is not fixed. complex(as well as silk ones).

Nylon threads (polyamide) very durable, but wet-heat treatment must be carried out carefully and through an iron, in this regard, their use is limited. However, with the application of a special composition on them, which reduces the heating of the thread in the sewing needle, they are used in the clothing industry.

Lavsan threads (polyester) not as strong as nylon, but surpass them in heat resistance. They are resistant to multiple loads of different variables, which makes them indispensable for sewing footwear, workwear and special uniforms, in the manufacture of leather goods and sportswear.

Nylon threads (anide) the most perfect among synthetic ones, since they do not tighten the seams, they are non-shrinking, durable and melt only at very high temperatures.

Phenylon, niivlon, togylene, oxazole, fluorone and propylene threads are used in the sewing of workwear where protection from fire, ultraviolet rays, chemicals, etc. is required.

Monofilament(monofilament) - these are single threads in the form of a fishing line made of polyamide raw materials. Transparent monofilaments are very convenient as they blend in color with the main color of the fabric, as a result of which there is no need to refill the machine. Dark monofilaments are also available. The disadvantages include their rigidity and quick dissolving. They are used mainly for hemming the bottom of the product and in blind seams.

Reinforced sewing thread- the most popular today. They are not only strong, the smoothest and most elastic, but also allow you to sew fabrics regardless of their composition, and are also suitable for all technological operations, since they combine the properties of synthetic and natural fibers. Produced by connecting a polyester (polyester) rod and:

Cotton braid (denoted LH) - able to withstand high temperatures, and this is very important when working on sewing machines;

Lavsan braid ( LL) - provide high strength, elasticity and good appearance;

Siblon Braid ( LS) or polynous ( LP), where siblon and polinoza are high modulus viscose.

Staple thread smoother and more uniform than cotton and made from lavsan - LSh(polyester), or from polynose (viscose) fiber. They are distinguished by their strength and heat resistance.

Textured threads characterized by high elasticity, softness and bulk due to small loops on the surface. They are used when sewing knitwear and overcasting cuts. Made from lavsan ( LT) or nylon.

Combined threads much stronger than cotton. They are produced by connecting a reinforced thread and a viscose braid, or polyester. Suitable for knitting and finishing stitching.

Metallized threads used more often for embroidery and finishing seams. It is necessary to iron a product with a metallized thread through an iron and at a low temperature. They consist of a polyester core (anida or viscose) and a metallized braid.

Spandex threads (thread-elastic) Is a very elastic and stretchable thread that is used to form gathers on fine fabrics. Used as bobbin thread.

Soluble sewing thread(polypropylene or polyvinyl alcohol) - these are monofilaments or multifilament threads for temporary connection of parts.

Scented threads have antiseptic and bactericidal properties and exude the scent of orange, geranium, etc.

Fluorescent threads- these are threads that glow in the dark, treated with a special compound.

Glued threads very durable and made from polyamide filaments, and then covered with a polymer film, which fixes the structure of the threads.

By design, threads can be not only sewing, but also:

Embroidery thread used for finishing garments. They have a slight twist, which ensures their softness and stiffness. For example, floss are lightly twisted threads, so they can be easily divided into six threads. In terms of composition, they are cotton, woolen or silk.

Embroidery paper- This is a matte or mercerized cotton thread used to stabilize the base material for embroidery.

Knitting thread used for hand knitting of lace, napkins and knitwear. The composition is:

Cotton: iris - thick, low twist yarn; crochet - the twist is larger than that of iris and looks like a woven cord; garus, etc. Most often used for crocheting;

Linen;

Pure wool (thin and thick), mixed wool, semi-wool. It is often decorated with a metallized thread;

Bulk synthetic: maron - nylon; melan - lavsan, acon, komelan - combined loop of nylon and acetate threads, etc .;

Combined: cotton threads with viscose, etc.

Bamboo (pure bamboo, or combined)

Darning thread consist of several thin and weakly twisted threads that are easy to separate. In terms of composition, they are viscose, cotton, woolen and semi-woolen.

PNK them. Kirov

Reinforced threads - 25LL (for thin fabrics), 35LL, 36ЛХ (for thin and medium fabrics) and further incrementally.

Staple threads - 30LSh (for fine fabrics), 40LSh (for medium and coat fabrics) and further on ascending.

Lavsan threads - 22L (for thin fabrics) and further incrementally.

Nylon threads - 50K, 65K, etc.

Cotton threads - 50, 60 (100/3; 85/3) (for knitwear), 40 (for cotton fabrics, children's clothing), etc.

Embroidery threads - floss-12 for hand embroidery

Threads for hand and machine knitting - lotus, jasmine, daffodil, chamomile, rose, iris, camellia, etc.

JSC "Soviet Star"

Reinforced threads - 35ЛЛ, 36ЛХ (for thin and medium fabrics), 45ЛЛ, 44ЛХ (for suit and coat fabrics) and further incrementally.

Lavsan threads - 70L, 86L, 130L (for sewing fabrics of medium thickness, bags, gloves, etc.) and further incrementally.

Staple threads - 30LSh, 40LSh (for fine fabrics, knitted fabrics) and further on ascending.

Cotton thread - 60 (for knitwear).

Threads for hand and machine knitting - deer, rainbow, asterisk, sparkle, etc.

Firm "Amann-AS"

Reinforced threads - saba 150 (LL for very fine fabrics), saba 120 (LL for fine fabrics), etc. Rasant 150 (LH for very fine fabrics), rasant 120 (LH for fine fabrics), etc.

Lavsan threads - serafil 300+, serafil 200/2, serafil 120/2, serafil 120/3 (for blind seams), etc.

Staple threads - belfil-s 120 (for thin fabrics), belfil-s 100 (for medium thick fabrics), etc.

High-volume textured threads - sabatex 250, sabatex 120 (for lingerie, swimwear, sportswear)

Highly elastic textured threads - sabflex120, sabaflex80 (for highly elastic knitwear)

Firm "GUTERMANN"

Reinforced threads - 80LL, 100LL, 120LL, 150LL (joining parts, finishing lines), 35ЛХ, 75ЛХ, 120ЛХ (jeans clothes, finishing lines).

Textured threads - 160LT, 240LT (elastic materials, wrapping of cuts).

Lavsan threads - 30L, 40L (joining parts, wrapping loops) and further on ascending.

Silk threads - 75 (for finishing stitches).

Monofilament - 200, 240, 360 (hemming, overcasting).

Metallized threads - 120 (finishing lines, knitted fabrics).

Viscose embroidery threads - 110 (for embroidery).

Firm "COATS"

Reinforced threads - epic 120 (LL-thin fabrics), epic 100 (LL-for medium-sized fabrics), etc. Dualduty 100/60 (LH-for thin fabrics), dualduty 70/40 (LH-for medium-thick fabrics) etc.

Staple threads - astra 120 (for light materials), astra 80 (for products requiring high stitch strength), astra 50 (for heavy materials), etc.

Lavsan threads - gral 180 (blind stitches), gral 120 (for quilting lining materials), gral 80 (for elastic leather and knitwear), etc.

Textured threads - gramax 200, gramax 100 (LT - for the manufacture of swimwear, corsetry, sportswear, etc.)

Cotton threads - T-30 (for delicate fabrics, medical clothing, fleece), T-35, T-45 (for sportswear, tablecloths) and further incrementally.

Firm "MADEIRA"

The Madeira firm specializes in embroidery threads, as well as threads for buttonholes and decorative items.

Trademark "RainBow"

Staple threads - А 602/180 (LSh-for overlapping cuts), А 502/140 (LSh-for knitwear), А 402/120 (LSh-for fabrics of medium thickness), etc.

Textured threads - U 1501/180, E 1501/180 (for the production of underwear, leisure wear, overlapping cuts, etc.).

Lavsan threads - K 1503/60, K 703/120 (L-for upholstered furniture, for the production of footwear), K 503/180 (L-for the production of mattresses, wadding products), etc.

Cotton threads - M 403/80 (finishing stitches, for thick fabrics), etc.

Embroidery threads - V 1202/120 (viscose threads for hand and machine embroidery), P 1202/120 (lavsan threads).

Reinforced threads - С 452/120 (LL-for wrapping loops, for making outerwear), С 282/75 (LL-for thick fabrics, overalls, covers), etc. MT 120/120 (viscose-metallized threads for embroidery).

Nylon transparent threads - TR 10 (for sewing on labels, wrapping furniture fabrics), TR 15, TR 20 (for leather goods, footwear and fur products).

There are two types of sewing threads: natural and synthetic. Each of them has subspecies according to the type of processing and use. The processed thread can be opal, matte, mercierized, unmerciated, harsh, bleached, colored, glossy. One-colored silk yarn is of polyamide, polyester and viscose.

What are sewing threads made of?

The first large group of threads is natural. They are made from environmentally friendly materials - cotton, silk, linen. More than 50% of the threads produced by the textile industry are made from cotton. This is the name of a shrub plant of the Malvaceae family, which can be annual or perennial. There are about fifty types of cotton, but only four are suitable for the production of threads: hairy (shaggy), Barbados, tree-like, herbaceous.

Cotton is grown in specially designated fields, harvested, and combed out. This is how cotton fibers are obtained, the longest of which reach 6-7 cm. The cotton yarn obtained in this way is processed with special compounds and enters the spinning shop. Here the fibers are twisted into long, even threads. But they are not yet usable. Sewing threads are taught by twisting long fibers in 2-3 layers.

Silk threads are made from raw silk. The volume of production of these products in the total production takes no more than 1%. The principle of processing this raw material is in many ways similar to that of cotton. Another natural material from which sewing threads are made is flax.

The second group of threads is synthetic. This material is obtained from chemical fibers: polyamide or polyester. Artificial silk is made from polyester, aluminum metallized fiber, nylon. Synthetic items can be twisted from left to right (S-twist) and from right to left (Z-twist). In addition, a distinction is made between reinforced, complex, textured and staple fibers.

Sewing threads can be combined, consisting of natural and artificial fibers. Nowadays, purely cotton, linen or silk products are rarely used. For sewing the vast majority of products, they take a thread made of polyester and covered with cotton. The synthetic core of this material provides tensile strength, and the outer natural layer makes it smoother.

How are threads made?

Today, threads are used as the main connecting material in the process of making clothes and shoes. Initially, animal veins and plant stems were used for this purpose. In this article, we will find out how threads are made today.

Types of threads

Threads can be classified according to various reasons. For example, the All-Russian Classifier of Products includes such types of threads as:

cotton;
linen;
woolen;
silk.

The described approach implies the difference between threads depending on the raw material composition.

A more sophisticated approach suggests distinguishing between threads depending on their purpose.

Thread production

Most of the listed types of threads in the production process undergo one or more operations. These include:

pounding.
torsion.
finishing.
rewind.

At the first stage of production, during the spinning process, several initial layers of yarn are added together. At the second stage, the material is given strength. For example, in the production of cotton thread, the raw material must be twisted in two, three, six, nine and twelve folds. The exact amount will depend on the chemical composition of the threads. At the third stage, finishing takes place. This means that the threads are given a presentation. If we talk about cotton threads, then they have one more stage - rewinding and boiling in a weak alkali solution. This is done in order to remove impurities. Next, light threads are bleached with a peroxide solution, and dark and black threads are dyed. After all this
cotton threads are finished and polished.

Modern technologies enable the manufacturer to avoid all these difficult stages of creating threads from natural materials. It is enough just to make synthetic threads. To do this, you can simply create an artificial polymer raw material that will have all the necessary properties. From this raw material, then, ready-made fibers are simply obtained by forcing the molten material through predetermined holes under high pressure. Fibers are obtained with a predetermined thickness, strength and length. In short, progress does not stand still. Every day, new, more improved technologies appear, including those for the manufacture of various types of threads.

The concept of synthetic yarn for many needlewomen does not cause the most favorable associations. But in most cases, these are all prejudices formed by past experience. Today's components for making yarns are very competitive materials, both in properties and in practical use. Even well-known manufacturers offer synthetic yarn, which you can also buy in our online store. High-quality polyester, for example, is a very frequent visitor in multi-piece threads. And modern nylon is very far in its characteristics from similar substances known to spinners for several decades. So what is modern synthetic yarn?

Modern synthetics are not a cause for concern

At one time, natural yarn had undeniable advantages over synthetic. But modern production technologies have slightly changed the distribution of forces. In particular with regard to user qualities. For example, acrylic, polyester and nylon used to be invariably considered the material from which affordable, but not very high-quality yarns were made. However, at that not very distant time, only this was affordable for the majority, since synthetics largely replaced natural raw materials in terms of characteristics, although they were not as high-quality and safe.

But if today you take the strings of the most eminent manufacturers, it always uses components that only improve user characteristics. Nevertheless, the components listed above are used by them quite often. So maybe you shouldn't be so afraid of synthetic raw materials? Let's figure it out for each individual species.

Polyester

Let's start with polyester. Today it is one of the most modern materials, whose properties can be envied even by many natural ingredients. This is a real leader among synthetics. Its main feature is that it looks very much like wool, and its characteristics are very similar to cotton. At the same time, it is very pleasant with tactile contact, resistant to creasing, easy to dye and resistant to the effects of the external environment: rain, sun, frost.

Polyester is obtained from synthetic polyester fibers, which are obtained from oil refining. Under the influence of temperature, they are melted, allowed to cool slightly and passed through a special sieve to obtain a very thin thread. At the same time, the holes in the sieve can be different in shape and size, which determines not only the appearance, but also the quality of the future raw materials: transparency, shine, tactile sensations. For example, the triangular shape adds rigidity to the thread. Special holes for making hollow thread add insulating characteristics to the fibers. Etc. Then the resulting threads are dyed, weaved, and the actual yarn is obtained.

Polyester itself is lightweight and durable. But in its natural form, it has low air permeability, since it is endowed with high density. Therefore, most often it is combined with natural ingredients, since it tolerates it perfectly. Thus, a wool / polyester yarn in a ratio of 55% to 45% is considered classic. And if you combine it with cotton (65 cotton + 35 polyester), then such a thread will be completely devoid of the disadvantages of cotton fibers. It will not stretch, fade, and will double the service life. Also, quite often polyester is added to viscose, which makes it possible to achieve greater stability and hygroscopicity of the latter. For example, in the collection from there is such a thread. A very popular option is to use these materials in a ratio of 25% viscose and 75% polyester. In short, this synthetic material only helps to improve the characteristics of natural raw materials, which makes the yarn made from them more durable and even better quality.

Acrylic

Unlike polyester, acrylic is obtained not from petroleum products, but from natural gas. It's funny, but it is what is called "made out of thin air." The process of directly obtaining fibers for further yarn production is very similar to that of polyester. However, all synthetics are produced according to the same scenario: heating, running through nozzles / sieves, cooling in air, direct yarn production. The only difference is the components that actually undergo chemical synthesis.

Acrylic is very similar to wool, both in appearance and in its characteristics. It was not for nothing that it was called that way before - artificial wool. It does not wrinkle making it suitable for everyday wear. Very pleasant to the touch - soft and warming. Resistant to acids and solvents, which allows it to perfectly tolerate dry cleaning. Poorly absorbing moisture. However, its low hygroscopicity can also be called its disadvantage, since acrylic also does not provide sufficient air permeability, and in combination, these two characteristics create the effect of stuffiness and steaming. Also, the disadvantages of acrylic yarn can be attributed to the fact that in the process of wearing things from it, it can roll and stretch during washing. And in its pure form, acrylic is very electrified and sparks, which causes unpleasant sensations. Therefore, self-respecting manufacturers do not use it in its pure form.

But acrylic is found very often as additives to natural raw materials in yarn. So, the most characteristic for him are combinations of acrylic-mohair, acrylic-wool, and even, in which natural components can be from 35 to 60 percent. In this form, the yarn has a very high wear resistance, keeps its shape well in the product, it is perfectly knitted both by hand and on knitting machines. And the addition of acrylic to these types of threads allows you to get a good fleece both immediately after knitting, and during wearing or after washing. By the way, you need to take care of acrylic products very carefully: water is only at room temperature, in no case should you twist it, but dry it unfolded.

Polyamide

Polyamide is a synthetic fiber obtained in the process of polymerization of products of the distillation of oil, gas or coal. In principle, it is more appropriate to talk even about polyamides - a whole group of synthetic materials, which include nylon, nylon, silon, perlon, dedron and others. But yarn manufacturers often do not decipher a specific material, indicating simply "polyamide" on the label. The thing is that all these substances have very similar characteristics, in which they are in many ways superior to natural ingredients. In particular, nylon is several times stronger than steel, which is used far outside the textile industry.

One of the most basic characteristics of polyamide, in addition to its high strength, is its high elasticity, high dimensional stability, light weight. And also fabrics made of polyamides are very easy to wash and dry quickly. But they, like other synthetic materials, have a number of disadvantages, among which should be called instability to light (fade), brittleness with frequent washings, high electrification and low hygiene. Therefore, in its pure form in the production of yarn, polyamide is practically not used.

But it is wonderfully combined with both natural and other synthetic materials. For example, polyamide with polyester makes it possible to obtain a very elastic and at the same time wear-resistant material. It goes well with viscose and wool, which makes these threads very strong. For example, - one of the types of yarn from the well-known manufacturer NORO. It is also added to cotton, which allows, among other things, to achieve a lower crease of such threads. In short, these synthetic fibers are in great demand among manufacturers, in particular, precisely because of their strength and elasticity. But the most important thing to know about polyamides is that they tolerate high temperatures very poorly, which must be taken into account when caring for things knitted from yarn, which contains this synthetic material.

In short, the modern yarn industry makes it possible to achieve the highest quality synthetic materials. Moreover, very often - not inferior in quality to natural raw materials. And, therefore, the presence in complex types should not alarm needlewomen. You just need to know about their features and take them into account when wearing clothes made of yarn with synthetic components.

Made from different fibers, natural and synthetic. Natural fibers are cotton, flax, bamboo and other fibers from plants, wool of various animals. Synthetic - polyamide (nylon), polyester, acrylic and viscose. But first things first. Plant fibers: The most famous are cotton and linen. Cotton is usually white, but there are also green and brown color options. Cotton is spun into threads and used to make soft, breathable textiles that are good for summer wear and accessories. Cotton thread is weaker than linen or silk, but stronger than wool. Mercerized cotton is cotton that has undergone a special treatment - mercerization. It was invented back in the 19th century. After this treatment, the cotton becomes shiny and silky. Also, mercerized cotton yields better to dyeing and less shedding. Flax - The fiber derived from the flax stem is the strongest of all natural fibers. Linseed fiber is relatively soft, straight and shiny, and becomes more beautiful over time. Linen is more comfortable to wear in hot weather than cotton because it absorbs moisture better and dries faster. Silk is an excellent fiber made from the silkworm cocoon. While the silkworm is bred, the wild silkworm and its silk, called tussah silk, are harvested from uncultivated cocoons. Silk is a very strong thread and is very good for mixing with woolen threads. Also silk is very beautifully dyed with natural dyes. Polyamide, also known as nylon, is very durable, lightweight and resilient. These properties make it suitable for blending with natural wool fibers for a practical, stronger yarn. In some cases, such as when knitting socks and hats, a small amount of polyamide can be beneficial as it provides strength and elasticity to the garment. But the product will turn out to be more rigid than from pure wool. Acryl (PAN-fiber, acrylic, nitron, orlon, prelana, krylor, redon, etc.) is made "from air" (gas). Lightweight, durable, easy to paint in bright colors. This is where his dignity ends. Does not let air through (that is, you sweat in things made of acrylic), does not warm up much, does not absorb moisture. That is, there is no point in it to be used for making clothes. Not really, I personally understand why some manufacturers so love to call "baby" yarn with 50-100% acrylic? Why all of a sudden for children (when all the best should be for them! !!) acrylic? I recognize acrylic for knitting only in a mixture with mohair (read about mohair below), and so that the content of mohair in the yarn is greater than that of acrylic. Because mohair itself cannot be spun into a thread and it is wound on some additional thread: polyamide, acrylic or silk. My grandfather's sister spun yarn for downy shawls herself, and wound it on thick cotton bobbin thread. The combination of mohair with polyamide is worse than the combination of mohair with acrylic, because acrylic is soft and polyamide is tough. Mohair with silk is ideal: you get incredible softness, lightness, warmth and silkiness. That's exactly the kid-mohair with silk, I would call the ideal baby yarn.)

And now about animal hair - an incredible material that warms, is breathable, is able to absorb a lot of moisture, while remaining dry. Clothes made of wool are the best that nature has presented to us for cold temperatures. Wool products are soft, lightweight, flexible, breathable, warming. It is comfortable to wear woolen products both in winter and in summer.

- a mountain animal from the family of camelids, genus vicuña. They were domesticated relatively, and are now bred in the Andes, in Peru. No other wool in the world compares to alpaca wool, especially that of baby alpacas. It is warmer and lighter than sheep's wool, does not cause allergies, does not roll. It is a soft, luxurious, silky fiber. Alpaca has 22 natural colors with over 300 shades from black through black-brown to white and light gray. Mohair - wool of Angora (Turkish) goats. The fiber is luxurious, very warm and very lightweight, wear-resistant, does not roll off. Mohair fibers have a distinctive sheen. From mohair, fluffy products are airy. Kid mohair is a kid's fiber that is even softer than that of an adult goat. Sheep wool is a relatively coarse fiber. The two main characteristics of sheep wool are warmth and the ability to fall into felt. The wool of sheep differs depending on the breed of sheep. The wool of merino sheep is considered to be the best, it is soft and has small curls. Superwash wool is a sheep's wool that has undergone a special treatment that makes it suitable for machine washing (has not seen other wool subjected to this treatment). The fact is that this treatment deprives the wool of its important qualities: the adhesion of the fibers to each other, which improves its heating ability, and the appearance of the product. The thread is treated in acid and / or covered with polymer, the thread stops fluffing, it is done as if wrapped in a film, the loops do not fit into a single fabric, but are obtained with holes between them, separately from each other. The thread is too springy, it is impossible to tie a knot - it is untied. Why so much chemistry just to be able to wash in a typewriter? I don’t really like processed wool, and I’m sorry that often the merino wool yarn is made from superwash. And how good it is without processing!

Www.livemaster.ru

How are threads made?

Types of threads

Threads can be classified according to various reasons. For example, the All-Russian Classifier of Products includes such types of threads as:

cotton;
linen;
woolen;
silk.

The described approach implies the difference between threads depending on the raw material composition.

A more sophisticated approach suggests distinguishing between threads depending on their purpose.

elhow.ru

What threads are made of - Chtodakak

Types of sewing thread

What are sewing threads made of?

The first large group of threads is natural.

They are made from environmentally friendly materials - cotton, silk, linen. More than 50% of the threads produced by the textile industry are made from cotton. This is the name of a shrub plant of the Malvaceae family, which can be annual or perennial. There are about fifty types of cotton, but only four are suitable for the production of threads: hairy (shaggy), Barbados, tree-like, herbaceous.

The second group of threads is synthetic.

This material is obtained from chemical fibers: polyamide or polyester. Artificial silk is made from polyester, aluminum metallized fiber, nylon. Synthetic items can be twisted from left to right (S-twist) and from right to left (Z-twist). In addition, a distinction is made between reinforced, complex, textured and staple fibers.

Viscose

Viscose is obtained from cellulose, which is extracted from wood or cotton stalks. The process of obtaining cellulose is rather complicated. The resulting wood pulp is processed with an aqueous raster of caustic soda for a short time (from 5 to 15 minutes), then the excess solution is removed by squeezing.

The resulting compressed mass is sent to "ripen" for a while: a destructive (destructive) oxidation reaction must take place within a certain time to the required degree of polymerization. The process lasts, on average, an hour and a half and takes place in hermetically sealed tanks, as it is highly toxic and flammable.

The resulting mass is washed once again with a sodium hydroxide solution, the excess is removed, and a rather viscous transparent, orange liquid is obtained at the exit. But nothing can be sewn from the liquid. And therefore, to obtain fiber, viscose is sent for final "ripening".

Liquid viscose is kept for some time in special tanks, as a result, the viscosity decreases by 10-15%, after which the resulting mass is pushed (forming a fiber) into special precipitation baths, the temperature in which depends on what kind of fiber should be obtained in the end.

Viscose fiber is one of the first synthetic fibers that they learned to receive and actively produce. The facts of the first use of this fiber were recorded back in the 19th century, and in the 20th century, viscose was most widespread.

Liquid viscose is used to make non-fibrous products such as cellophane. Viscose yarns are used, in particular, for the manufacture of fabrics. Fabric made of pure viscose looks very similar to natural silk and for some time it was called "artificial silk". And in the 1930s, vistra, an artificial viscose wool, was quite popular.

In a sense, viscose can be considered a material of natural origin, therefore it is used extremely widely. Of the undoubted advantages of this material, one can name good air permeability, as well as the ability to absorb water well. So, clothes made of viscose or with its addition will not only be pleasant to the touch, but also wear well, without causing discomfort and retaining their appearance for a long time.

Polyamide, nylon, polyester

These three synthetic materials cannot be called natural by any approach. These are products of oil refining and subsequent chemical synthesis of the obtained substances. The scope of their application is extremely wide:

medicine: making extra strong surgical threads, artificial vessels and prostheses;
national economy: as a component of covering materials (films, in particular), as part of various adhesives;
food industry: casings for sausages and some types of packaging.

And of course, polyamides are widely used in the textile industry. Let's share with you the story of nylon, one of the polyamides familiar to almost everyone. It was synthesized for the first time in 1935. It happened on February 28 in the research laboratory of the American company DuPont, and Wallace Carothers, the chief chemist, became the discoverer.

Initially, nylon was not widely used, but since 1939 it began to be used in the textile industry. The first products did not differ in special quality, but over time, the technology worked out, and nylon threads began to be added to natural materials to improve their qualities. Nylon holds its shape well enough, is easy to wash, and is sufficiently resistant to weak chemical attack.

As for polyester, this synthetic fiber, also produced from petroleum products, being quite strong and wear-resistant, also has a number of disadvantages: it not only absorbs moisture well, but also gives it back poorly, quickly and extremely strongly electrified, and is quite tough. At the same time, it holds the color well during dyeing, it is quite resistant to chemical attack.

chtodakak.info

What is yarn made of?

The yarn comes in many varieties. Today we will talk about what it can be made of.

Woolen thread

It can be camel, dog, sheep or goat hair. Each has its own characteristics. The most durable is camel's wool, the less durable is dog and sheep's wool. The quality of the fiber is determined by its softness, silkiness, and the ability to withstand washing. The advantages of woolen yarn are reliability, thermal insulation, attractive appearance. The disadvantage is the low resistance to repeated washing. This drawback is most pronounced if the thread is loosely twisted. To minimize negative points, it is necessary to add plant or artificial fibers to the wool thread.

Acrylic threads

An artificial material similar in properties to wool. Clothes made from this material are very warm and comfortable. Currently, acrylic is actively used to create yarns mixed with natural threads.

Angora down

The yarn is made from rabbit fluff. It is characterized by softness, fluffiness and increased thermal insulation. The threads of this variety are not used in their pure form, because they do not hold well in the product and are expensive in price.

A popular mixture of Angora down with camel or sheep wool. Things made from this material are very delicate, fluffy and warm. The disadvantage of angora threads is that things made from them cannot be washed, moreover, they wear out quickly. Angora threads are perfect for making socks, mittens and hats for toddlers who don't like prickly clothes.

Bamboo

These are threads made from bamboo wood. They resemble silk in their properties. Clothes made of this material are perfect for lovers of outdoor activities, tourism, as it absorbs excess moisture well, which then evaporates easily. Bamboo yarns are usually made uniform, affordable and good in appearance.

Cashmere

These are threads from the fluff of wild mountain goats. This is the most expensive yarn. It is often produced in a mixture with other materials, because 100% cashmere loses its presentable appearance after several washes. It is mixed with wool and synthetic fibers in various proportions. Cashmere is warm, pleasant to the touch and lightweight compared to other materials.

Silk

It is an exquisite and expensive material. It is a very strong and fine natural fiber made from the filaments of silkworm pupae. Products made from this natural fiber do not wrinkle and can be easily dyed in any color. A negative property is the instability of silk fibers to washing with ordinary washing powder.

In this article, we have covered all the basic materials for making knitting threads. All this you can buy in specialized stores for handicrafts. Many online retailers notify their customers in advance when discounted yarn is on sale at the best price. Therefore, it makes sense to subscribe to the newsletter of the selected seller to receive newsletters by e-mail.

Attention! This article was written exclusively for the site www.umeuvse.ru. Full or partial reprint of materials is possible only on condition of placing a direct (indexed by search engines) links to the source (for example: I can do everything).

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Useful Tips

A large number of beautiful and useful crafts can be made from ordinary threads.

Such works can be used to decorate a home or workplace, as well as give to someone or use as an addition to a gift.

How to make a DIY wall decoration of threads

You will need:

Small book or notebook

Scissors

Wooden dowel or straight branch.

1. Wrap the book or notebook with thread about 30 times. Tie the ends in a double knot.

2. Cut the wrapped thread on the opposite side of the double knot.

3. Cut a small piece of thread and tie it at the top of the folded threads (see image).

4. Cut off excess threads. You now have one of several wall decoration blanks.

If the thread is white, it can be dyed, but it is not necessary. You can use different colors of yarn.

5. Tie each piece to a wooden post or branch.

6. Tie a piece of string to a post to hang the craft.

See also: How to make a bracelet with your own hands

How to make a simple thread pompom

You will need:

A piece of cardboard (15 x 15 cm)

3 skeins of thread

Scissors

A thread and a needle and a blanket or pillow (if desired).

1. Start wrapping the thread around the cardboard as shown in the image. Wrap until you reach the desired thickness. For this craft, the thread was wrapped 55 times.

2. Cut a small piece of thread and, hooking this section under it, tie it around the wound thread. Slide this knotted piece of string to one of the edges of the cardboard.

3. Pass the scissors under the thread at the opposite end of the cardboard and cut the wound thread.

4. Cut off another piece of thread and tie it just below the top of the bundle of threads.

5. Cut another piece of thread and tie it just below the previous piece.

6. Use scissors to trim the bottom of the craft.

You can make several similar crafts and, if you wish, use a thread and a needle to decorate a blanket or pillow with these pompoms.

How to make a pom-pom rug

How to make a simple DIY wall decoration out of threads

The circle for this craft can be made from thick wire or you can use a hoop.

You will also need:

Threads of different colors (3-4 colors)

Scissors.

1. Cut the threads of different colors into long lengths (see image). You will have to cut many pieces of thread, so please be patient.

2. Bend all the strands in half and start attaching them to the circle. You just need to hang the thread on a circle and thread one end of the folded thread through the other.

3. Fasten the threads in a circle, alternating colors in any order.

4. When the whole circle is covered with threads, tie another piece of thread to it so that you can hang your craft.

Here's another similar craft:

Original DIY thread crafts: wigwam

You will need:

5 small branches

Several threads of different colors

Simple pencil

Hot glue (if needed).

1. Tie three sticks.

2. Cut a small circle out of cardboard. Make 5 small twig cutouts around the edge of the circle.

3. Insert the cardboard between the three linked sticks.

4. Use hot glue to secure the sticks in place.

5. From top to bottom, start wrapping threads around the three tied sticks until you drop a couple of centimeters below the junction of the sticks. Add 2 more sticks, tie them and continue wrapping around the tepee as shown in the image.

It is worth wrapping so that you have the entrance to the wigwam. Choose two sticks that will play the role of the door leaves and wrap to one door, then back to the other, and so on, until the entire tepee is covered with threads.

* You can cut off the excess parts of the cardboard.

How to make a dream catcher out of thread

You will need:

Embroidery hoops of different sizes

Acorns, branches, leaves.

Scissors

1. This may seem like a tricky hack, but in reality you will be using the same knot over and over again.

2. Weave the thread around two pairs of hoops with a figure eight - with the thread go around one circle on top and then on the bottom of the other. Repeat the same movements until you have threaded both circles as shown in the image.

How to weave a dream catcher (video)

How to make a thread chandelier

You will need:

Hoops or circles of wires (you can do it yourself)

Scissors.

1. Tie two pieces of thread to the hoop crosswise.

2. To hang the chandelier, you need to cut off another piece of thread and tie it to the point where the threads cross from point 1.

3. Cut many pieces of thread and attach them to the hoop.

4. If necessary, trim the hanging threads so they hang straight.

Doll made of threads

You will need:

Any piece of cardboard (such as a toilet paper roll or piece of cardboard box)

Scissors.

1. Wrap the cardboard with thread. The length of the cardboard depends on the length of the doll you want to make.

2. When you have wound enough times, remove the thread from the cardboard and cut with scissors at one end so that you get several threads of the same length.

3. To make the head, bend the threads in half, cut a small piece of thread of the same color and tie it around the bundle of the cut threads, just below the fold.

4. Now you need to divide the bundle of threads into 3 parts - 2 parts will become handles, and the third - more magnificent - will become the waist and legs. Cut 2 more pieces of thread and tie them just above the center of the workpiece.

5. Now you need to twist or braid the doll's "hands". The lower part will act as a skirt.

6. If you want to make legs for your doll, but you should also divide the threads into two parts and weave a "leg" from each.

How to make a doll out of threads with your own hands (video)

Decorating bottles with threads

You will need:

Threads of different colors (the thicker the thread, the less it will be needed to decorate the bottle)

Bottle

PVA glue.

1. Start wrapping the thread around the bottle from bottom to top. Add glue little by little to keep the thread from slipping.

2. When you decide to change the color of the thread, start a new thread exactly from the same place where the previous one ended.

How to make a mandala from threads (video)

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What are burlap threads made of?

Jute is cool, these bags are almost eternal. But we have few jute bags - jute is expensive or friends from Africa and Asia supply their jute to other places. After all, jeans are made of it! and we have hemp.

jute fiber Jute grows in the countries of Asia and Africa, and "here" - in Uzbekistan. Nowadays, they hardly do anything from hemp (((

Burlap is a coarse, durable fabric made from thick yarn by a plain weave of threads (see canvas). Yarn for burlap is made from coarse-stemmed (hard bast) fibers: jute, kenaf, rope, hemp, etc.

Burlap is a coarse durable fabric made from thick yarn by plain weaving of threads. Yarn for burlap is made from coarse-stemmed (hard bast) fibers: hemp (the material from which strong ropes and ropes are made), jute, kenaf, etc. canvas prints as a wrapping cloth. It is also used in the household (rags for cleaning floors), in the production of upholstered furniture.

Nettle, flax, hemp (not narcotic, but special - for ropes and sacks)

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What can be done from the leftover thread.

Idea for lovers of needlework. A pillow or rug using the carpet technique, or what to make from the leftover thread. Often, after knitting, unused threads remain, if there are a lot of them, then you can knit a new thing, for example, a plaid from motifs of different colors, but if not so much you can make just such a pillow or rug.

For work, we need threads only 6-10 cm long. That is, we can use all the smallest residues. These are the ones that will remain after we impose the gizmos.

We need a canvas or burlap. In principle, any sparse texture. In our case, burlap is suitable.

We also need sharp scissors, a hook, a pencil or felt-tip pen, a ruler and a piece of cardboard.

First, we apply a pattern to the fabric.

Some helpful tips:

Draw boldly on the fabric - everything will be covered with threads. It is better to draw now than to think for a long time where the line runs. But do not use felt-tip pens to dye when washing, especially if you are working with light-colored threads.
Don't make very thin lines. At least 2 loops. Otherwise it will not be very good. And two loops next to each other, as you will see later, are already quite a lot.
If the drawing is not very simple and there are many colors, then so as not to get confused, sign the colors, or even better, make a bunch of the desired color, then you certainly will not mix it up.

Well, we have a drawing, now the threads. Advice - do not take clean wool. It falls off when used. In the colored pillow, I have a bright green (100% wool) thread in the places of greatest friction, a little matted. The rest of the threads hold up perfectly. On the cardboard of the desired width (this is the width of the intended pile + the distance for the knot - this is determined simply by selection) we wind the threads. Short threads are not very convenient to work with, and very long threads can then lie untidy in the finished product.

Advice - let the thread lie down only next to it when winding. Don't make bagels. Otherwise, the threads will be of different lengths and this may be noticeable.

Now we will cut the thread on one side

We've got such neat blanks.

This completes the preparatory stage. You can start the "fur" work. We pierce the fabric with a crochet and pick up the threads on the base.

We grab the prepared thread in the middle

And we stretch it through the fabric. We got such a pretty loop through the base fabric.

Now we pick up the remaining ponytails of the thread and pull it through the loop.

Important - the knot is not tightened; be sure to align the ends. We tighten the resulting knot

This is the beginning of the pillow - the first finished loop.

Next, we knit the second one in the same way.

And so gradually we fill in the marked part of the picture.

When everything is full, you can turn the work over and shake it. Here's what "furry" it turned out

This technique is great if you want to get rid of broken thread pieces. So we have such threads.

We wind them on cardboard, and for convenience we take several at once.

We need to iron this hack with steam. Or if the threads are very wrinkled and compressed, then wrap them in a wet cloth and iron them. This is how the threads look after ironing and cutting. It is important - immediately throw away the “non-condensation” (short pieces), so that later they do not get into the product.

Since the threads are much thinner than the previous ones, we take not just one thread, but bundles.

Well, we typed a piece in a different color. If suddenly some bundle is higher, then at the end of the work we will carefully cut it off.

If anything remains unclear, then watch the video master class: