We organize complementary foods for the baby on artificial feeding for months. Complementary foods for artificial people, fruit purees and juices

10.09.2019

When it is necessary to introduce the first complementary foods with artificial feeding - parents begin to ask this question almost from the birth of the baby. Babies who receive artificial formula generally grow as well as breastfed babies. As a rule, they are also healthy, vigorous and develop at a normal pace, like infants, because the manufacturers of modern formula for feeding try to give the child as much as possible everything that is contained in human breast milk, preserving its nutritional value, as well as the balance of proteins and fats and carbohydrates.

Of course, there are some components in breast milk that cannot be reproduced in mixtures, despite all the efforts of scientists and the capabilities of the current level of production. First of all, these are immunomodulators (substances that activate the immune system and protect the baby's body from diseases during the entire period of breastfeeding), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other essential polyunsaturated fatty acids necessary for the successful intellectual development of the baby, as well as some other components ... But all these substances are specific ingredients that are found only in human breast milk and nowhere else, and no complementary food can replace them with itself.

Why do you need complementary foods?

Therefore, the introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding should not set itself the task of compensating for something that the artificial baby did not receive, it is necessary to obtain new vitamins and microelements, which the baby's body begins to need as it grows, to increase the number of calories needed by a rapidly growing body, and for the gradual acquaintance of the child with the "adult" food. The reasons for introducing complementary foods are exactly the same as in the case of babies: the child grows up, moves to new stages of development, his needs change, and parents try to satisfy them in time.

All children - both artificially and naturally fed, have exactly the same structure of the digestive system, and our organisms are "old assembly" regardless of the success of the food industry: hundreds of years ago, when formula did not exist in principle, children were exactly the same the same, as now, and in the traditions of almost all peoples of the world, the introduction of the first complementary foods is timed to the appearance of the first milk teeth and the development of the ability to sit. Together with the beginning of the manifestation of interest in your "adult food", these are the three main markers of readiness to receive new types of food, and on average this age is estimated by modern experts as 5-6 months: for children on artificial feeding a little earlier, for babies on HB - from six months.

When to start feeding your baby: why not from 3 months?

In the middle of the last century, during the heyday of the era of artificial feeding, pediatricians around the world recommended mothers to introduce the first complementary foods from 3 or even 2 months, and they advised starting with apple juice, designed to compensate for the lack of iron in mixtures. But at present, both the age of the beginning of complementary feeding and its type by competent pediatricians are recognized as premature: at 3 months (and even more so earlier), the baby's stomach is not ready to process anything other than breast milk or its substitutes, and even more so - acids: they are irritating and lead to gastroenterological problems later. Therefore, if you really start early feeding, then definitely not with apple juice, as has been recommended for decades.

Unfortunately, even now pediatricians, who do not seek to engage in their own professional growth and get acquainted with the latest research in their field, continue to insist on the excessively early introduction of complementary foods for artificial babies (they recommend complementary foods at 3 months with artificial feeding). Although formula feeding has changed since this postulate was invented, and formulas have undergone significant changes, greatly improving their composition, moreover, the effects of introducing complementary foods on babies at such an early age have been investigated and described. But until now, doctors in clinics and "experts" on the Internet advise introducing the first complementary foods with artificial feeding as early as possible - sites are full of similar recommendations, and mothers trustingly follow them (especially since grandmothers support them - after all, they themselves raised their children according to "Old" schemes).

Also, many people like to refer to the "WHO recommendations", although if you nevertheless read them carefully, you can be sure that they are not all categorical and have rather blurred age boundaries due to sociocultural differences in different countries and ethnic groups.

We will not mislead the parents, and will offer them the most correct option for introducing the first complementary foods during IV - you can use our rules and scheme, and evaluate how they work.

The introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding: basic rules

The first complementary foods for artificial feeding are offered to a baby who is completely healthy, vigorous and in a good mood. For a child who has recently been ill or has been vaccinated, it is better to wait a week with complementary foods.
The time of the first spoon is before the start of the next feeding: we give a portion of complementary foods, and then wash it down with a mixture. Complementary food is always given in the morning to track the reaction to it during the day and not to overload the baby's stomach at night.
The dosage of complementary foods begins with micro-doses: the first 1-2 days, half a teaspoon, then, if there are no allergic manifestations and the child likes the proposed food, we increase its amount to 1-2 tablespoons within a week, and then according to the situation, depending on appetite and taste preferences of the baby.
The consistency of the first complementary foods is liquid, then in the form of mashed potatoes, and only after 10 months you can start offering your baby to chew pieces of food if he already has at least a few teeth. Do not try to grind everything on a blender for too long - the child will get used to this consistency and will mind the slightest "lumps" in the food. At 6-7 months, start with a baby cookie or apple slices that you can chew, and then it will be easier for the baby to get used to later with pieces of vegetables as part of the puree soup.
At the beginning of the introduction, complementary foods must undergo heat treatment and are given to the baby in a boiled, stewed or baked form. The temperature of the food should be comfortably warm - about 36-37 degrees.
Keep a journal to help you determine what caused the allergy or digestive upset and when. Write down in it what, at what time and how much the baby tried, and then it will be easier for you to navigate in case of problems. And to understand what he likes and dislikes, note the emotional reaction to different types of complementary foods.
Complementary foods at the "beginning of the journey" are always mono-products: you can mix puree from pumpkin, apple or carrot only when you are convinced that none of the components causes allergies in the child. When all the products have already been tested, you can mix them together by preparing mixed vegetable or fruit purees, as well as adding meat, egg yolk or fish to the vegetable mixtures.
Do not offer a new dish until you are convinced that the previous one is completely safe, with an interval of at least 5-7 days.
If allergies occur, immediately remove this product from the menu and seek help from your pediatrician. You can return to it no earlier than in a couple of months, if everything repeats itself - exclude it from the diet until the child grows up.
Do not forget to offer the baby a drink (first boiled water, then compote or juice) when complementary foods have already started.
Never force feed a child! No matter how useful the product is in your opinion, shoving it into a child against his will is completely wrong. Firstly, the baby is a living person, not stuffed peppers, and secondly, you yourself do not like all dishes yourself, so your child has the right to give preference to something and refuse something.

The scheme of the first complementary feeding with artificial feeding

Now let's talk about the sequence of the appearance of certain products in the baby's diet. We will talk about this in more detail in the material "Baby's menu with artificial feeding", but for now we bring to your attention a scheme for introducing complementary foods up to a year.

We offer products for an artificial baby in the following sequence: vegetable puree ›fruit puree and juice› porridge ›kefir› cottage cheese ›butter and vegetable oil› yolk ›bread and biscuits› meat puree ›fish puree.
Complementary feeding of healthy, normally gaining weight babies begins with vegetable dishes, and not with fruit ones: having tasted a delicious apple or sweet banana, the child is unlikely to take a zucchini or pumpkin with enthusiasm.
If the child is underweight, start the introduction of complementary foods with cereals: they are nutritious and will solve your problem faster than vegetables. Pay attention to the calorie content of the dishes and offer them first of all when your menu is already quite extensive. Also, do not forget about the inadmissibility of force feeding. otherwise, problems with food will accompany your baby for many years to come.
If the baby is well-fed, wait a little with cereals, or give them not too many, choosing those that maximally saturate the child with useful substances, and not calories (that is, buckwheat and rice, and not traditional semolina). When offering cookies and bread, do it to a minimum, do not overdo it, even if the child is "very asking."
If the baby has problems with digestion, the best option for the first feeding will be baby kefir, and only then the rest of the products. Let us be especially careful about all new dishes.
The introduction of vegetables basically goes like this: the first to offer zucchini, pumpkin, pollen, broccoli, and only then carrots, beets (in the absence of allergies), green peas and potatoes. But it is better not to give white cabbage, eggplants, tomatoes and cucumbers for up to a year.
The sequence of acquaintance with fruits can be as follows: apples, pears, peaches, apricots, bananas. Plums are mainly used in cases of constipation, but citrus and exotic fruits are not recommended for children under one year old at all.
We introduce porridges in this order: first, gluten-free - buckwheat, rice, corn grits, and after 8 months, you can enter gluten porridges - oat, millet, barley. Well, semolina porridge is the most useless in terms of saturation with vitamins and microelements, but it is "overloaded" with calories. In the first months, cereals for porridge can be grinded on a coffee grinder.
Protein foods in the baby's diet appear in the following sequence: kefir, dietary meat (rabbit, chicken, turkey, veal), cottage cheese, hard cheese, low-fat fish, best of all seafood (hake, cod, flounder), egg white (it is better to start from quail, chicken protein for up to a year is not recommended, but the yolk can be tried as part of other dishes already from 8 months.)

The first complementary foods in artificial feeding: food selection

What products to prefer and in what order to offer them to the child if he is artificially fed? Let's figure it out!

It is advisable to choose products not only according to the season, but also local ones: after all, everything that needs to be transported far away or is not grown on time retains its presentation only due to special treatment with chemicals that are by no means intended for baby food. Therefore, even while waiting for the baby, it is better to take care of preparing berries and finely chopped vegetables in the freezer - preferably grown in safe conditions.
Fruit can be given not only in the form of mashed potatoes, but also as part of compotes - they are much healthier than any purchased juices. You can also use it for compotes and dried fruits - it is tasty and healthy. When preparing fruit or vegetable juice, in the first months, make it without pulp and dilute a little with water.
Cow's milk is contraindicated for babies under one year old (do not rush to give goat and sheep milk too). It causes severe digestive disorders and allergic reactions, moreover, nowadays, mixtures are produced that are maximally adapted to natural human milk, and it is risky and imprudent to offer the baby milk from animals whose cubs have completely different characteristics and needs. If you want to dilute complementary foods, it is better to add milk mixture to porridge or puree, but in no case cow's milk, especially the so-called "long-term storage". Man in general is the only creature in nature that offers his children milk of representatives of a different species, and this is by no means his best solution.
Meat and fish intended for baby food should not be “store-frozen” (for the same reasons: they have too many ingredients hazardous to health). If your child has a tendency to allergic reactions, it is not recommended to give fish under a year at all.
Soups for babies up to one year old are prepared in vegetable broths, meat soups are still too heavy for the kidneys.
When cooking for babies under one year old, no salt, sugar or spices are used! It may seem to you personally that it is not tasty, but this is only because you are used to something else, the child is quite capable of feeling the natural taste of products.
If you buy ready-made meals, be sure to pay attention that they are appropriate for the baby's age and not expired. Try not to overuse store-bought jars: this is a great option on the road, on vacation or at a party, but for everyday meals it is better to choose dishes prepared by yourself.

Complementary feeding table for artificial feeding

To make it easier for you to navigate in all this variety of information, we have prepared a table for you in which artificial feeding and complementary feeding are coordinated, and the sequence of introducing certain products into your child's diet is systematized and clear: complementary foods by months with artificial feeding are in front of you.

Dishes	5-6 months	6-7 months	7-8 months	9-10 months	11-12 months
Vegetable puree	5-100 g	100-150 g	160-170 g	170-180 g	190-200 g
Fruit puree	5-50 g	50-60 g	60-70 g	80-90 g	90-100 g
Fruit juice or compote	5-50 g	50-60 g	60-70 g	80-90 g	90-100 \\ 150 g
Porridge	-	50-100 g	150 g	180 g	200 g
Kefir	-	10-30 g	50-100 g	100-150 g	200-300 g
Cottage cheese	-	10-30 g	40 g	40 g	50 g
Butter	-	1-3 g	4 g	5 g	6 g
Vegetable oil	-	1-3 ml	4 ml	5 ml	6 ml
Yolk	-	-	1\4	1\2	1\2-1
Baby cookies	-	-	3-5 g	10 g	15 g
Wheat bread	-	-	3-5 g	10 g	15 g
Meat puree	-	-	10-30 g	50 g	60-70 g
Fish puree	-	-	-	10-30 g	30-60 g

Dosing products is not at all difficult: 5 g is a little less than a teaspoon, 10 g is 2 teaspoons, and so on.
Well, good luck to you! Carefully observe the baby, react sensitively to the signals of his body, feed him with love - and he will be healthy, cheerful and well-developed baby.

For this reason, a baby on artificial feeding is injected with complementary foods earlier than a baby-baby. This allows you to prevent nutritional deficiencies, contribute to the full and timely development of the child.

Contrary to popular belief that the intestines of a toddler under 6 months of age are not ready to digest any food? In addition to breast milk or a special formula, the artificial organism adapts faster to the processing of new products.

The age for expanding the children's menu is determined individually at an appointment with a pediatrician. A normally developing baby on artificial feeding is administered complementary foods at 4.5 months.

Timely and correct expansion of the children's menu allows you to quickly cope with regurgitation, colic and constipation, which often accompany the use of infant formula. With its help, the development of anemia, rickets is prevented, the rate of weight gain is normalized. Late introduction of complementary foods is fraught with inhibition in the development of the baby: he will later learn to chew, swallow food of an unusual consistency.

Basic rules of introduction

The main requirement for the introduction of complementary foods is that the child must be absolutely healthy. The sequence of the introduction of new dishes should be agreed with the pediatrician. Immediately remember the list of allergenic foods: cow's milk, chicken egg white, citrus fruits, nuts, cereals containing gluten.

Otherwise, listen to your doctor and get ready to create vibrant purees with a blender, steamer, meat grinder, food processor.

Memo for the introduction of complementary foods:

In 1 meal the child is offered 1 new product.

It is administered by increasing the volume daily. Each unusual dish is offered in the amount of 1/4 teaspoon, gradually increasing the portion to a volume corresponding to the age of the baby;

New foods and drinks come from a spoon only.

The habit of getting everything from the bottle will negatively affect the development of the baby - he will later learn to chew and talk.

Complementary foods are always introduced in a sitting position.

For the convenience of mom and baby, it is better to use a special high and washable high chair for feeding.

The consistency of complementary foods.

The first new items on the menu should be served in the form of mashed potatoes or juices, since the crumb still does not know how to chew and does not have the required number of teeth for this.

The new product is introduced a week after the previous one.

Parents should have enough time to assess the reaction of the baby and his body to the changes in nutrition.

Do not force the crumb to eat through force.

Don't cultivate the idea that it's time for complementary foods. Each child has its own pace of development and force-feeding it will only slow down, suspend weight gain;

Keep a food diary.

In it you will celebrate the daily menu of the baby, portions. If you have a gastrointestinal disorder or allergy, your notes will help you determine the cause;

Offer a new product before mixing.

It should be warm and fresh. Use sterilized dishes, appliances and cutlery for cooking and feeding;

Complementary foods should be introduced at the same time.

It is best to do this during the second pre-lunch meal, in order to see the reaction of the child's body to a new product during the day;

Composition, shelf life and other characteristics.

When purchasing purees and juices in the store, pay attention to the composition of the product, the date of manufacture, the reputation of the manufacturer and the age of the baby for whom it was created. It is unacceptable for the components to include sucrose, salt, dextrose.

A young mother shares her advice on the rules for introducing complementary foods for months.

The order of the introduction of complementary foods when artificial feeding a baby

The introduction of complementary foods should be accompanied by a strict nutritional schedule: 5-6 feedings, each of which, removing the mixture from the diet of a one-year-old baby, is gradually replaced by a full meal.

The child's nutrition is made up of products grown or produced in the region of residence - this is a certain guarantor of their naturalness. When observing a food allergy, the provocateur product is re-introduced no earlier than 1 month later.

You can not introduce complementary foods if:

The child is sick;
Scheduled vaccination was made less than 3 days ago;
The baby's teeth are teething, which is accompanied by fever, whims, unstable sleep;
The child gets used to some changes in life: the mother has gone to work, the family is traveling or is going through an apartment move;
The baby is diagnosed with allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, skin rashes are observed.

Determine the child's readiness for complementary foods

It is necessary to introduce new products, focusing not only on the age of the baby, but also on other signs of the child's immediate desire to try something other than the mixture.

If the first try to give the crumbs juice, mashed potatoes or porridge from a spoon ended with the fact that he grimaced, coughed or spat it out, then you began to act early. Please try again in a couple of weeks.

Signs of a baby's desire to diversify their diet:

The child does not eat up 1 liter of the mixture per day, requires more frequent feedings;
The crumbs already have their first teeth, he makes chewing movements with his mouth, if you give him something to try;
When the spoon is brought up, the baby opens his mouth and looks intently at its contents;
He is interested in the food of his parents, reaches for a plate, tries to taste everything;
The kid takes a variety of objects and purposefully pulls them into his mouth;
The child sits well, controls the body, turns his head;
For the baby, the pushing reflex of the tongue faded somewhat. If you give him a drink from a spoon, then its contents will not drain down the chin;
The baby's weight has doubled since birth;
A child is ready to eat on his own if given the opportunity: he takes food with his hands, brings it to his mouth, tastes, swallows or spits it out.

If you observe at least 5 of these signs every day, then you can safely start introducing complementary foods.

Options for the first feeding for an artificial baby

The product for the first complementary food is determined together with the pediatrician watching the baby. This can be fruit juice, vegetable or fruit puree, cereal. In any case, it should only be 1 product that has undergone a certain processing.

Fruits and vegetables contain many vitamins necessary for the child's body, they are easily digested. Porridge is preferable if your baby is behind in weight gain. Having opted for fruit puree, be prepared that the vegetable baby may not want to eat, because it is far from so tasty.

For the first feeding, you can prepare:

Apple juice being non-allergenic.

If it seems too sour to you, you can dilute it with boiled water;

Vegetable puree.

From boiled zucchini, pumpkin, squash, green peas, cauliflower or broccoli. You can add a little salt to it during cooking, a drop of sunflower oil.

Fruit puree.

From a baked apple, pear, peach or apricot.

Porridge.

Rice or buckwheat cooked in water without sugar. The first is preferable if the child often suffers from stool disorders, the second - if constipation is observed. Other grains should not be selected as they contain gluten, which can trigger allergic reactions.

So that the first complementary food does not seem tasteless to the baby, add a few drops of the mixture to it. It is unacceptable to include sugar, fructose, honey in juices. Vegetables and fruits are best chosen seasonal.

If this is not possible, use your own blanks from the freezer. If this is not the case, you need to buy industrially created juices and purees. They are prepared from specially grown organic fruits and vegetables, which is confirmed by quality certificates.

The appearance of mucus in the baby's feces or diarrhea is a reason to temporarily exclude vegetables and fruits from the menu, replacing them with cereals. If the first complementary food turned into an allergic reaction, do not postpone expanding the menu of your baby in horror that you have harmed him with your "innovations", just exclude for a month the product for which the baby's digestive tract is not yet ready. Replace it with another food after rashes, colic, and other food allergy symptoms have cleared.

The first portion of a new product should be no more than 5 g (0.5-1 tsp). Every day it should be increased by 10 g until it completely replaces the mixture in a particular feed.

The consistency of the first puree is liquid, the density also increases gradually. Simultaneously with complementary foods, boiled water is included in the diet of the crumbs - up to 50 ml for a child up to 6 months, up to 100 ml for babies up to a year.

Expansion of complementary foods by month

For some children, pediatricians recommend expanding the food menu as early as 3 months. This may be due to anemia, a lack of vitamins in the body, or poor weight gain.

It is important to gradually increase the portions of new products, first feeding the baby with a mixture - the total volume of food received in 1 meal should be approximately 150 ml. Remember to alternate between complementary foods and main feeds so as not to overload the baby's digestive tract. For instance:

Mixture;
Porridge + mixture;
Mixture;
Puree + juice + mixture;
Mixture.

Nutrition at 3 months

Diversify your baby's menu with natural fruit juice. It is better if a green apple is used for its preparation. The pulp is removed from the juice, and the liquid is diluted with boiled water in half. A warm drink is given to the baby in just a few drops, the portion is slightly increased every day. Over time, it is permissible to introduce peach, pear and apricot juices into the menu.

Meals at 4 months

Fruit and vegetable purees are added to the juices in the menu in a self-determined order. Of the fruits, you should give preference to apricots, peaches, green apples and pears, banana (it is given only raw).

The best complementary vegetables include squash, squash, broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin, green peas, carrots, and potatoes. The first puree must be one-component. When the baby gets used to the foods offered separately, they can be mixed into one dish.

Selected vegetables and fruits are pre-boiled, stewed or baked. Puree is prepared with a blender, you can add a little mixture to it so that the taste of the baby seems "familiar". You can dilute the vegetable dish to the required thickness with boiled water or the broth left over after cooking. Fruit puree is allowed to bring to the required consistency using juice.

Instead of mashed potatoes, it is possible to introduce gluten-free and dairy-free porridge. It is prepared in water, the grinding of the cereal should be fine. Choose buckwheat or rice porridge. It is better to offer it for breakfast, and shift vegetables and fruits to the afternoon.

At 5 months

A new product in the baby's diet is vegetable oil. It is added to vegetable purees, you can drip it into porridge if it tastes better for the baby. Olive oil is a controversial product, so discuss with your pediatrician if it can be included in the children's menu. The dishes may be a little thicker, but without lumps. Fruit juice can sometimes be replaced with compote. The latter should also not be made too concentrated, it is better to dilute with water.

In six months

It's time to transfer the crumb to milk porridge. First, they are prepared in milk, half diluted with boiling water, then a pure product is used. If you are allergic to cow protein, goat milk can be used. In porridge and mashed potatoes, it is allowed to add butter and boiled yolk. If chicken eggs don't work, replace them with quail eggs. The yolk can be offered to the baby as a separate delicacy by rubbing it with a fork and mixing it with the milk mixture.

It is permissible to diversify the diet with kefir and cottage cheese. Although the respected doctor Komarovsky believes that these products are the best for the first complementary foods, many pediatricians do not share his opinion. Check with your doctor. These products contain bacteria beneficial for microflora, a lot of calcium, but they create a great burden on the kidneys of the baby.

When preparing kefir and yoghurts on your own, purchase the starter culture exclusively in pharmacies. Don't add sugar and fructose to them. Pay attention in the table to the maximum allowable amount of these products in the diet of the growing crumbs.

Meals at 7 months

At this age, meat puree can be included in the diet. To prepare it, purchase meat without fat, veins and bones. Rabbit, turkey or chicken fillets are best for complementary foods. Veal is allowed to use if the baby is not allergic to cow protein. The meat is boiled or steamed and then chopped with a blender or meat grinder.

You can diversify the menu by preparing not only mashed potatoes from meat, but also pates, soufflés.

Meat broth is not used in any way, even in a diluted form to improve the consistency of the puree. To stimulate the development of chewing skills, you can offer the crumb a bagel, baby biscuits or a crouton, slightly soaked in compote, juice or kefir.

8 months

Cereals containing gluten are added to the diet. Start cooking oatmeal, barley, pearl barley, corn, millet porridge for the crumbs. It is better not to introduce semolina into the diet for up to a year - it is too high in calories and the least useful. The crumb can be served soup with meatballs. Its vegetable filling should be familiar to the child.

9 months

The kid can try fish of low-fat varieties, for example, hake, cod, perch. Fillets need to be steamed, boiled, stewed or baked. Examine it carefully for seeds - the puree should be smooth and tender. It is filled with vitamins and minerals, and is easier to digest than meat. The fish dish should replace the meat dish twice a week - more often it is not necessary to include it in the menu.

Nutrition at 10-12 months

During this period, the baby's portions become larger, he is almost not supplemented with a mixture. Vegetable purees become multicomponent, multigrain cereals are prepared. Fruit juices and mashed potatoes are added to cottage cheese, kefir and yogurt for taste, sugar is still banned. Meat and fish menus are complemented by steam cutlets. Instead of porridge, sometimes you can offer noodles cooked in milk. Prepare a casserole with fruit from cottage cheese.

Try offering a piece of bread to your crumb for your soup. You can not grind vegetables with a blender, but simply grind or even cut into slices. Knead the yolk with a fork. A meal can consist of several dishes at once. If the baby is healthy and not susceptible to food allergies, then new products can be introduced more often - 1 time in 3 days. You can already safely begin to wean the baby off the bottle, since his menu is very diverse - he gorges.

Remember that all schemes are variable - the above is only an approximate plan for the introduction of complementary foods for an artificial baby. You should only adapt to your child, who may love one product very much and refuse another for a long time. Talk to your pediatrician and please your baby.

The permissible amount of complementary foods according to the age of the artificial baby

Dishes	4 months	5 months	6 months	Seven months	8-9 months	10-12 months
Fruit juice, ml	5-30	40-50	50-60	60	70-80	90-100
Vegetable puree, g	5-30	10-100	150	150-160	170-180	200
Fruit puree, g	5-30	40-50	50-60	60	70-80	90-100
Porridge on water, ml	10-100	10-100	–	–	–	–
Vegetable oil, ml	–	1-3	3	3	5	6
Porridge with milk, ml	–	–	50-100	150	150-180	200
Butter, g	–	–	1-4	4	5	6
Egg yolk, pcs	–	–	¼.	¼.	½.	½-1.
Kefir, ml	–	–	10-30	50-100	100-200	300-400
Curd, g	–	–	10-30	40	40	50
Galette cookies, g	–	–	–	3-5	5	10-15
Puree from meat, g	–	–	–	10-30	50	60-70
Fish puree, g	–	–	–	–	10-30	30-60

Approximate weight gain with proper introduction of complementary foods

Age, months	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Increase, g	750	700	650	600	550	500	450	400	350

Features of the introduction of complementary foods to premature babies on IV

If your baby was born prematurely, then the issue of introducing complementary foods should be discussed exclusively with the pediatrician watching him. The time for expanding the menu depends on the maturity of its internal systems, the beginning of the production of digestive enzymes, and the diagnosis of the absence of anemia. Much also depends on the child's body weight at the time of delivery, monthly weight gain.

Some doctors advise to introduce complementary foods in a period of 4-6 months, sometimes this process is activated in 1-3 months with fruit juices and vegetable broths.

Premature babies are injected with meat, egg yolk, vegetables, liver and multigrain cereals earlier. The latter are cooked not in water, but in milk mixture or vegetable broth. Complementary feeding is completely controlled by a pediatrician and is adjusted according to the results of scheduled examinations and weighings.

Expansion of the child's menu by months

Feeding time	Sample menu
Feeding time	4-5 months	6-7 months	8-9 months	10-12 months
6:00-7:00	Milk mixture
9:00-11:00	Porridge on water + fruit juice + supplementary feeding with a mixture	Milk porridge with butter + egg yolk + fruit juice	Milk porridge with butter + egg yolk + fruit puree	Milk multi-cereal porridge with butter + slices of boiled vegetables + egg yolk
12:00-14:00	Milk mixture	Vegetable puree with vegetable oil + meat puree + supplementary feeding with a mixture	Vegetable soup + vegetable puree with vegetable oil + meat / fish meatballs	Vegetable garnish with vegetable oil + meat / fish steamed cutlets + curd casserole
17:00-19:00	Vegetable or fruit puree + supplement with a mixture	Fruit puree + cottage cheese + kefir + croutons	Fruit puree + kefir + cottage cheese + bagel	Yoghurt with fruit puree + biscuit biscuits
21:00-22:00	Milk mixture

Remember to follow the correct serving sizes to avoid overfeeding your baby with potentially dangerous foods, such as cottage cheese. From 8 months, the main meals are organized 3 times a day, but no one has canceled light snacks, especially for a growing body. Always keep in the refrigerator and take with you for a walk baby cookies, natural juices, fruits, kefir.

The topic of complementary feeding scares many parents, especially given the likelihood of food allergies, the consequences of which are not always eliminated quickly and easily. Most often, parents of babies ask pediatricians the following questions:

What to do if the crumb refuses to eat any offered food?

Wait with complementary foods as your baby is not yet ready for it. Stimulate his food interest by picking him up during your meals, family meals.

From how many months will the baby stop gagging?

It depends on the speed of development of the child's body. On average, babies stop coughing while eating by 9 months.

What to do if the baby starts to have problems with stool after the introduction of complementary foods?

Constipation for more than 3 days or stool frequency more than 5 times a day is outside the normal range. Remove new foods from the baby's diet until his condition normalizes, replace them with something else acceptable for his age. Also note if you accidentally exaggerated the portion sizes.

What to do if signs of allergy appear?

Discuss this issue with your pediatrician in advance, and, just in case, buy a children's antihistamine in your home medicine cabinet. Keeping a food diary will help you identify an irritant food, removing it from the menu will solve the problem.

What can not be fed to a child up to a year

Allergenic foods (nuts, honey, citrus fruits, imported exotic fruits and vegetables, red fish) are prohibited.

What ready-made porridge and puree is better for a baby to buy?

When choosing, pay attention to the correspondence of the selected product to the age of your crumbs. Check the composition of the product, the integrity of the packaging, the date of manufacture. In the rating of cereals for 2016, the first place was taken by the various products of the Nestle company. The best mashed potatoes, according to experienced mothers and the results of laboratory tests, are the assortment of TM "Gerber".

Adequate weight gain, absence of gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions indicate that you are doing everything right. The kid is healthy, cheerful and mobile - he is pleased with his menu and the goodies prepared by his mother. But do not rush to treat the crumb with delicacies from the "adult" table - this is fraught with serious consequences for his body.

When the baby begins to grow up, heated disputes begin between the relatives about the introduction of complementary foods. This is especially true for those babies who are fed with formula. Such nutrition is similar in composition and properties to breast milk, but it cannot completely replace it. And a child at this age simply needs a varied diet to provide all the nutrients. A baby who was fed artificial formula will more easily get used to other foods than one who was breastfed. For this reason, complementary foods are introduced for them a little earlier.

Even specialists cannot indicate the exact dates today. Some of them believe that the child's body is ready for this already at the age of three months, since his stomach is already capable of digesting ordinary food. But most doctors still recommend waiting up to 4.5 months.

How to introduce complementary foods correctly

When consulting with relatives, you will hear a variety of opinions about which foods to start with. Some people think that sweet juices and purees are the best option. Others are sure that a child should not be taught to sweet food. In any case, before doing anything, young parents should consult a pediatrician.

Introduction of complementary foods

Only introduce new food if your child is not sick. This rule must be followed without fail.
It is necessary to introduce new products gradually, no more than one at a time. This will allow you to track the reaction of the crumbs' body to this or that product.
Give your baby some apple juice first. It should not cause an allergic reaction. The first portion should not exceed 2-3 ml. If the body accepts it normally, then the amount can be gradually increased.
The kid has not yet weaned from the mixture. Therefore, first you need to bottle feed him, and then offer new food.
When you give complementary foods, the baby must definitely sit.
While the child still does not know how to chew, all products are given to him only in the form of puree. Even small lumps should not come across in food, otherwise the crumb may choke.
When the body gets used to drinking the juice, you can give a little puree. It is best if it is apple.
After the baby gets used to the fruit puree, it will be possible to give the vegetable one. To avoid causing allergies, serve broccoli, zucchini, or cauliflower puree. It is advisable to make mashed potatoes yourself.
Do not forget that the baby who feeds on the mixture must be given boiled water.
Don't rush to introduce a large number of new products at once. Before introducing a new one, you need to make sure that the body accepts all the products that you have already introduced well.

Introducing fruit

If you are unsure where to start complementary feeding, see your doctor. If you start with fruit puree, your little one will love it. In addition, it contains a large amount of substances and vitamins useful for crumbs.

When you first start introducing such foods, apples, apricots, and pears need to be steamed or baked in the oven. If you are giving a banana, it can be left uncooked. It is very important to introduce fruits one at a time. Carefully monitor how the crumbs' body reacts to each product.

If the body accepts and digests such food well, then mashed potatoes can be given twice a day.

But it is important to understand that after the child gets used to eating sweet puree, he will perceive vegetables worse.

Introducing vegetables

About 15 days after you start giving fruit, you can try feeding the crumbs with vegetables. As a rule, they start to be given for lunch.

It is necessary to closely monitor the reaction of the body. If mucus is present in the feces and diarrhea begins, then vegetables from the diet need to be removed for a while. They give the vegetable puree again only after the problem goes away.

First you need to give puree, which contains only one vegetable. The child's stomach must gradually become accustomed to this. When the child has already got used to several types of vegetables, mashed potatoes can consist of several components. For example, broccoli and potato puree or squash and squash.

A child who is under a year old is recommended to give cabbage, zucchini, carrots, beets. You can try adding tomatoes to your diet, but in this case you need to act with extreme caution. A small amount of salt can be added to the puree. It is also recommended to add vegetable oil to it. A few drops are enough for one serving. If you feed beets, urine and feces may turn pinkish. This is normal and you shouldn't worry about it.

Milk porridge

It is recommended to start giving porridge one and a half months after you started introducing crumbs of vegetables into the diet. Start with cereals that won't cause an allergic reaction. This is oatmeal and buckwheat porridge. Then, you can gradually add semolina, rice, and corn grits to the diet.

You can use goat or cow milk to make porridge. First, the milk is diluted in half with boiling water. Then the amount of water should be gradually reduced. Give the child porridge in the morning, and vegetable puree for lunch.

Meat

When the baby is 6 months old, you can offer meat. You can cook mashed potatoes yourself or buy ready-made ones. First, it is advisable to give turkey and rabbit, and then gradually offer beef, chicken, and also pork. Meat must be present in the diet of the baby, it contains a lot of iron and other nutrients that are necessary for the normal development of the child. The presence of foods containing iron in the diet will prevent anemia.

At the age of 8 months, you can not only make mashed potatoes, but also cook small steamed meatballs. Closer to the year, you can make cutlets. You should not give your child broth until he is one year old. This can lead to allergies.

Yolk

Previously, yolk was given to babies at the age of 4 months, but today it is recommended to introduce this product into the diet at 7 months. First, let's give a quarter of the yolk. It needs to be diluted in milk or added to puree.

Cottage cheese

Introduce this product gradually. It is high in protein and can overload a baby's kidneys. First, cottage cheese is added to the mixture, and then mixed with kefir.

Fish

At the age of 8 months, you can give your baby fish. Start with small amounts of lean fish. Every 3 days, fish should be given instead of meat. Fish is well absorbed by the child's body and enriches the body with vitamin D.

Since the baby is still very young, feed him with the smallest spoon. A coffee shop is best suited for this.
Give him some mixture from the bottle first, then try suggesting a new product. When the baby gets used to this food, you can start feeding with mashed potatoes.
It is important to follow the feeding regimen. Give your child a small amount of food, about 6 times a day. Meals should be at the same time.
You shouldn't force-feed your baby if he doesn't want to. Wait for him to get hungry. After that, the baby will eat all the proposed products with great pleasure, and he himself will not have to be nervous.
It will be much more convenient for you to feed your baby if you put him in a highchair.
Keep a food diary for complementary foods. Write down in it when and what product you gave your baby. How his body reacted to him. In this way, it will be much easier for you to identify the cause in the event of an allergic reaction.

If you are in doubt about something, consult a specialist. The best indicator that you are doing everything right is your child's health and mood.

How and where to start the first complementary feeding with artificial feeding of a child (video)

The introduction of additional products into the diet of a child under one year old is a prerequisite for his normal development. The kid is growing every day. Gradually, the mixtures fade into the background, since they can no longer fully saturate the child's body with useful substances. The goal is to gradually prepare the baby's body for the assimilation of "adult food", which is why this article will provide a table of complementary feeding for children under one year old with artificial feeding.

Artificially fed babies are transferred to a new diet earlier than breastfed babies. According to WHO standards, you can switch to new food from four months. These rules for the introduction of complementary foods are not suitable for everyone. Consider the individual developmental characteristics of each. Look at the health, weight and behavior of your child. Due to insufficiently developed digestive organs and an immature nervous system, unfamiliar food can harm the baby.

In the summer, some mothers decide to switch to a new diet ahead of schedule, starting at 3 months, wanting to take advantage of the abundance of the summer cottage harvest. Other moms, on the other hand, believe that summer is an unsafe time, as the risk of indigestion is high.

In fact, you shouldn't rush or postpone a dietary change. Follow the pediatrician's recommendations and start the introduction of complementary foods by month according to all the rules.

How to understand the child's readiness to accept new food?

Weight increased 2 times, in premature babies - 2.5 times.
The ability to swallow food from a spoon. Give the crumb a drink from a coffee spoon. Observe his behavior: if all the liquid pours out of his mouth, then start feeding early.
Normal development of joints, muscles and bones. If the baby does not sit well, it is difficult for him to control his movements, then it is better to postpone the innovations in the menu.
Increased appetite. When the baby lacks basic food, it eats more than it should. So it's time to start introducing additional food.
Interest in unknown food. Many toddlers show curiosity about the food their parents eat. This behavior indicates the baby's readiness for complementary foods. Another indicator - he pulls into his mouth almost everything that he sees in front of him, even inedible objects.
Developed oral cavity. Observe the movements of your child's lips and tongue. He should be able to move his tongue up and down and back and forth, and also open his mouth when he is presented with a spoon with food.

To make a decision to start complementary feeding, it is enough to meet 1-2 of the listed criteria. Consult your pediatrician if necessary.

Complementary feeding table for children under one year old with artificial feeding

Products (ml, g)	Months
Products (ml, g)	4-6	7	8	9-12
Mixes	700-300	350	200	200
Vegetables	10-150	170	180	200
Fruit	40-60	60	70	90-100
Juice	40-60	60	80	80-100
Porridge	10-150	160	180	200
Cottage cheese	10-40	40	40	50
Egg yolk	—	1/4	1/2	1/2
Fish (perch, hake, cod)	—	—	5-40	40-60
Chicken, turkey, beef, rabbit	5-30	40	50	60-70
Yogurt, kefir	—	—	150	200
Biscuits	—	3-5	5	10-15
Bread	—	—	5	10-15
Sunflower oil	1-3	5	5	5
Butter	1-3	4	5	6

Scheme of introduction on artificial feeding after 4 months: we reduce the mixture, gradually increase the amount of other food.

Fruits and vegetables

Give apple juices - they do not cause allergies. The drink should not be concentrated, dilute it with boiled water 1: 1.

Apples, pears, peaches, apricots are steamed or baked. Banana is allowed to be given raw. Carefully observe the tastes of your child, watch the reaction of the body. If everything is normal with the baby's health, give chopped fruits twice a day.

Vegetable puree is served for dinner. Start with one thing, so that the body gradually gets used to such food. Up to a year, give beets, cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, potatoes, peas, carrots. The dish is allowed to be slightly salted and diluted with a couple of drops of vegetable oil. When the baby gets used to this food, you can make a mix - include several types of vegetables in the dish.

Cottage cheese

The product is necessary from 5 months to strengthen the bones of the baby. It is not recommended to give cottage cheese in its usual form for the first time. Dilute the mass with the mixture, later you can add a little kefir. The kid liked the cottage cheese, and he wants more? It is not worth indulging such a desire, since the use of curd mass in excess threatens with protein overload in the kidneys.

Fish and meat

Fish with meat is introduced at the very end. From 8 months old, the baby is allowed to give low-fat varieties - perch, flounder, saury, cod, hake. It is recommended to arrange a "fish day" for your child twice a week, sometimes replacing meat dishes with seafood.

Meat purees are bought ready-made or made on their own by chopping the meat in a blender. Start with beef, then gradually introduce chicken, turkey and rabbit meat. Meat puree can be tasted by a 6-month-old toddler. Closer to the year, steamed cutlets and meatballs are recommended.

Yolk

Egg yolk is served chopped separately or as an addition to a vegetable dish. Also, the egg can be given in the form of a liquid gruel, diluted with a mixture. Pediatricians advise offering quail and chicken yolks to the baby twice a week.

Porridge

You need to start with gluten-free grains - buckwheat, rice and corn flour. Porridge is cooked with milk or butter. Wheat, barley and oatmeal gruels will have to be abandoned at first, as they can cause bloating and pain.

Other products

Kefir and yogurt should be low in fat.
Bread, biscuits and croutons will be appropriate during the growth of teeth to teach the baby to chew.
Use vegetable oil when preparing mashed potatoes and cereals.
Include whole milk in the menu carefully, at first it can provoke diarrhea.

Where to begin

First, offer food in the usual consistency - mashed potatoes and liquid cereals. Gradually add harsher foods such as pieces of meat, fish, fruits and vegetables to your diet as teeth appear. It is better to start the introduction of complementary foods with artificial feeding gradually. Learned fruit puree? You can start eating vegetables.

Expand the child's diet by months approximately every week, observing the reaction and perception of the baby to new foods. If you have allergies and other complications after eating a certain food, postpone feeding with this dish for a while.

Keep a feeding diary. Write down all the dishes that the baby tries, the date and time there. The information will help identify the source of allergies, indigestion, and other complications.

Spoon your baby. Show by your example how to properly take food from it and swallow it.

Video -10 rules for the introduction of complementary foods

We offer you to watch a video clip about the 10 most important feeding rules:

You can enter unknown dishes into the menu only if your child is in good health.
Food should be warm.
Give new foods after the main feeding; so the baby will better accept unknown delicacies.
Feeding takes place in a sitting position; use a small spoon.
The first complementary food is in the form of one of the types of vegetables or fruits; in the event of an allergy, you can quickly identify the source.
Set aside new nutrition during periods of active tooth growth, fever and after vaccination.
Does the kid refuse to eat? Offer him something different. Find a dish that suits your taste, within the limits of the acceptable, of course. Later, you can again try to feed the capricious with what he refused at the beginning.
Observe the regime. Feeding should take place at the same time.
It is not recommended to introduce complementary foods with artificial feeding during periods of stress of the child - moving, the appearance of a nanny, etc.
Don't force food in. Excessive frustration and bad mood will not lead to anything good.
Train your child to eat near the dinner table so that he can watch the adults eat. Small children quickly grasp everything, then it will be easier for you to teach him to eat with a spoon.

Remember that a new diet for many babies is stressful. Therefore, try to approach this issue delicately. If in doubt, consult your doctor. If the child easily reacts to unknown tastes, is active and grows, then you are doing everything right.

It is advisable to start with vegetable puree (zucchini, cauliflower, potatoes). Grind boiled or steamed vegetables with a blender. You can rub through a large metal strainer or wrinkle with a fork (until smooth). To prevent the taste of food from being too unusual, you can add a mixture to the puree.

Artificials should not start with porridge. They are prescribed as the first complementary foods for children who gain weight worse.

A new dish is given before feeding with a mixture (preferably before lunch, then you can trace the reaction of the body). For the first time, half a teaspoon is enough. Next, you need to supplement with adapted milk.

If after the first feeding there is no rash or indigestion, then on the second day give 1-2 teaspoons of the same vegetable puree. On the third - about 30 g. To diversify the taste palette, put another product in the puree (zucchini + potatoes, cauliflower + potatoes), add a couple of drops of vegetable oil (olive).

Gradually increasing the portion of vegetables and reducing the amount of the mixture, within 10-12 days, bring to the full volume of one feeding. When complementary foods reach 120-150 g of vegetable puree, you no longer need to give milk. Now is the time to replace the second feed (after lunchtime). This time, you can make porridge or fruit puree. At about 6.5-7 months, two feedings are replaced, one in the morning and the other in the evening. The rest of the time - as usual, the mixture. In principle, at night it is permissible to deviate slightly from the menu and prepare a special portion from the "Good Night" series of your baby food manufacturer.

Do not forget to gently invite your child to drink between meals. The daily water intake for a child under one year old can be calculated using the formula: (number of months) x 50ml. It is better to give the baby fruit juices only when the baby is not one year old. Instead, you can prepare compotes from fresh or dry fruits.

With artificial feeding, complementary foods are introduced earlier than with breastfeeding. This is due to the fact that children who are bottle-fed receive a significant amount of "foreign" nutrients in the breast milk substitute, which leads to a certain adaptation of the child to "foreign" nutrition. It should be noted that the timing of the introduction of complementary foods is chosen individually, after discussion with the pediatrician who observes the baby.

It is necessary to start the introduction of complementary foods with a small amount of the product, gradually increasing it.
You need to give complementary foods before feeding with a mixture, with a spoon.
You cannot introduce two new products at the same time.
Complementary foods should be puree, they should not contain small pieces that can cause difficulty in swallowing. With age, you should move on to thicker, and later - to denser food.
After the introduction of complementary foods, it is necessary to establish a 5-time feeding regimen.
The first complementary food is introduced in one of the daily feedings, preferably at 10 or 14 o'clock.

The timing of the introduction of various dishes and complementary foods for children on artificial feeding.

Age, months	0-1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	9-12
Dishes and products	Consumption volume.
Adapted milk mixture, ml	600-750	700-850	750-900	800-900	700	400	300-400	350	200	200
Fruit mousse, compote, ml	According to indications			5-30	40-50	50-60	60	70	80	90-100
Vegetable puree, g	-	-	-	5-30*	10-150	150	150	170	180	200
Fruit puree, g	According to indications			-	40-50**	50-60	60	70	80	90-100
Porridge, g	-	-	-	-	-	50-150	150	150	180	200
Curd, g	-	-	-	-	-	40	40	40	40	40
Yolk, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,25	0,5	0,5	0,5
Meat puree, g	-	-	-	-	-	-	5-30	50	50	60-70
Kefir and other fermented milk products or whole milk, ml	-	-	-	-	-	-	200	200	400	400
Wheat bread w.c., g	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	5	10
Rusks, biscuits, g	-	-	-	-	-	3-5	5	5	10	10-15
Vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, corn), g	-	-	-	-	3	3	3	5	5	6
Butter, g	-	-	-	-	-	4	4	5	5	6
* Puree is introduced 2 weeks after the introduction of the juice. ** The introduction of the product is determined depending on the state of health of the child and the degree of adaptation of the breast milk substitute used in his diet.

Vegetable puree is considered preferable for the first complementary feeding in healthy children on artificial feeding, it is richer in vitamins, minerals, pectins, fiber, which are necessary for a growing body. The introduction of complementary foods must begin with one type of vegetables: zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, green peas, potatoes, which should not account for more than 20% of the total amount of vegetables.

Porridge (rice, corn, buckwheat) are introduced as complementary foods one month after the introduction of vegetables (not earlier than 6 months). After 8 months, gluten-containing cereals (oatmeal, semolina) can also be introduced. Porridge is given to the child starting from 1-2 teaspoons, gradually bringing its amount to 120-150 g per day and adding 3-4 g of ghee or vegetable (olive) oil. After porridge, you can give your baby fruit puree.

Cottage cheese, as a source of complete protein and some essential amino acids, calcium and phosphorus salts, should be prescribed to healthy, normally developing children no earlier than 5-6 months to enrich complementary foods with protein. The amount of cottage cheese by the year should not exceed 50 g in order to avoid a high salt and protein load on the kidneys of the child.

Yolk hard-boiled chicken eggs should be given from 6-7 months. Its earlier introduction often leads to allergic reactions. The yolk is given to the child in a pureed form, mixed with a small amount of the mixture, starting with minimal doses (at the tip of a spoon) and gradually bringing its amount to 1 / 4-1 / 2 per day. Later, the yolk is added to porridge or vegetable puree. It is better to give the yolk 2 times a week.

Meat it is recommended to enter the child's diet starting from 7-7.5 months. If the child has an intolerance to cow's milk proteins, it is better to abandon the introduction of beef and veal, and use rabbit meat, white meat of turkey, chicken and lean pork. With anemia, mashed potatoes are prescribed from 5-5.5 months. At 8-9 months, meat puree is replaced with meatballs, by the end of the year - with steam cutlets. It is not recommended to give meat broth to a child of the first year of life, since its nutritional value is insignificant, in addition, it is rich in extractive substances that have an allergenic effect.

At the age of 7 months, to stimulate chewing skills, you can give the baby croutons (with kefir or juice).

White sea fish (hake, cod, sea bass) can be recommended to a child instead of meat 1-2 times a week from 8-9 months. Fish proteins are well balanced in terms of amino acid composition. They are absorbed better than meat proteins; in addition, fish is rich in minerals, B vitamins.

Whole cow's milk it is better to start giving the child at the end of the first year of life, but in no case earlier than 6 months. Dairy products in the diet of a healthy child is introduced no earlier than 7 months. If you are allergic to formula, they are introduced earlier, but their amount should not exceed 2/3 of the volume of the milk formula.

The result of successful feeding should be an adequate weight gain of the baby (see table).

Month	Monthly weight gain, g	Weight gain for the entire past period	Monthly increase in height, cm	Increase in growth for the entire past period
1	600	600	3	3
2	800	1400	3	6
3	800	2200	2,5	8,5
4	750	2950	2,5	11
5	700	3650	2	13
6	650	4300	2	15
7	600	4900	2	17
8	550	5450	2	19
9	500	5950	1,5	20,5
10	450	6400	1,5	22
11	400	6800	1,5	23,5
12	350	7150	1,5	25