We analyze the correct storage of drugs with regulatory documents. Medical and pharmaceutical merchandising

Medicines require careful attention to storage conditions. Failure to comply with the regimen specified in the annotation can, at best, make the drug useless, and at worst, turn it into poison.

All medicines can be divided into several groups, which will differ according to the type of requirements for storage conditions.

Medicines requiring protection from light
Such preparations are stored in containers (metal, foil, painted inside with black paint, if the container is glass, then it should have an orange color). Use boxes with tight-fitting lids that do not let in light.
Medicines that require protection from light include: antibiotics, herbal preparations, medicinal plant materials, organ preparations, vitamins, essential oils and other groups of drugs. To especially photosensitive: silver nitrate, prozerin, physostigmine salicylate, thymol, etc.
When exposed to light on silver nitrate, the substance decomposes, a black precipitate precipitates and nitric oxide is released. Phenol under the influence of light and oxygen acquires a pink color, and a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and gaseous oxygen.

Medicines requiring moisture protection
This group includes: dry extracts, medicinal plant materials, acid salts, alkaloids, enzymes, antibiotics, organ preparations.
Such medicines should be stored in tight, water vapor-tight containers (glass, metal, aluminum foil, plastics). In some cases, the top of the container is filled with paraffin. If the packaging is reusable, then when closing it, you should carefully wipe the throat and cork.

Medicines requiring protection from fever
Such drugs are stored at room temperature (18-20°C), or cool (12-15°C) and below (3-5°C).
In this mode, immunobiological preparations, sera, vaccines, and some types of antibiotics are stored.

Medicines that do not withstand a strong drop in temperature
Such preparations are stored exclusively at positive temperatures; in case of freezing, they completely lose their properties, which are not restored after defrosting. This includes a 40% formaldehyde solution, insulin solutions and other drugs. For example, organ preparations are stored in the temperature range from 0 to +15°C. Formalin and glacial acetic acid, at a temperature not lower than +9°C. Medical fatty oils - from +4°С to 12°С.

Some drugs must be protected from exposure to gases contained in the environment.
For example, morphine interacts with oxygen. Salts of alkali metals and weak organic acids, such as hexenal, sodium barbital, preparations containing polyhydric amines (eufillin), magnesium oxide and peroxide, caustic sodium, potassium - react to carbon dioxide.
Storage requirements - airtight, impervious containers, the substance is poured into the container as completely as possible.

Odorous and coloring medicines
This group includes both volatile and practically non-volatile substances. They usually have a strong odor.
Storage conditions - in a sealed, odor-tight container, isolated from each other.
The group of coloring agents includes substances, their solutions and mixtures that leave a colored mark on the container (brilliant green, methylene blue, indigo carmine). They are stored in a special cabinet in a tightly closed container, separately by name.

The device, composition, size of areas and equipment of storage facilities for pharmacy warehouses and pharmacies must meet all the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation (SNiP, guidelines, regulatory internal documentation, etc.).

2. The device, operation and equipment of storage facilities should ensure the safety of medicines and medical products.

3. Storage rooms in accordance with established standards are provided with security and fire fighting equipment.

4. Storage rooms must maintain a certain temperature and humidity, the frequency of which must be checked at least once a day. To monitor these parameters, warehouses must be provided with thermometers and hygrometers, which are fixed on the internal walls of the storage away from heating devices at a height of 1.5 - 1.7 m from the floor and at a distance of at least 3 m from the doors.

Each department should have a record of temperature and relative humidity.

5. In order to maintain clean air, storage rooms in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documentation (SNiP, guidelines, etc.) should be equipped with mechanically driven supply and exhaust ventilation. If it is not possible to equip storage rooms with supply and exhaust ventilation, it is recommended to equip window vents, transoms, second lattice doors, etc.

6. Pharmacy warehouses and pharmacies are equipped with central heating devices. It is not allowed to heat the premises with gas appliances with an open flame or electric heaters with an open electric coil.

7. In warehouses and pharmacies located in a climatic zone with large deviations from the permissible temperature and relative humidity standards, storage rooms must be equipped with air conditioners.

8. Storage rooms must be provided with the necessary number of racks, cabinets, pallets, storage boxes, etc.

The racks are installed in such a way that they are at a distance of 0.6 - 0.7 m from the outer walls, at least 0.5 m from the ceiling, and at least 0.25 m from the floor. The racks in relation to the windows should be located so that the aisles are illuminated, and the distance between the racks is at least 0.75 m, providing free access to the goods.

9. The premises of pharmacy warehouses and pharmacies must be kept clean; the floors of the premises should be periodically (but at least once a day) cleaned with a wet method using approved detergents.

Due to frequent violations of the storage of medicines that require a certain temperature regime in pharmacies, we briefly explain the following points:

1) All drugs that require protection from exposure to elevated temperatures are divided into two groups:
- Medicines that require storage in a cold or cool place (store at a temperature of 8 ° C to 15 ° C);
- Medicines that require refrigeration (store at a temperature of 2°C to 8°C).

2) In pharmacies where it is installed two or more refrigerators, it is necessary to allocate one refrigerator with a temperature of 8°C to 15°C and a second refrigerator with a temperature of 2°C to 8°C. And with this in mind, put all medicines in refrigerators.

3) In a refrigerator with a temperature of 2°C to 8°C, the temperature is measured twice a day. If medical products (hereinafter referred to as medical devices) are stored in a refrigerator with a storage temperature of 8 ° C to 15 ° C - these are some mercury thermometers and pediatric urinals, then the temperature is also measured twice a day (Chapter 4 p. 30). Thus, it is recommended to measure the temperature in all refrigerators in a pharmacy 2 times a day.

4) In a refrigerator with a temperature of 2°C to 8°C stored separately from other medicines. Moreover, internal immunobiological medicinal products are stored separately from external ones. Thus, for immunobiological medicines, it is necessary to allocate two shelves in the refrigerator (shelf "external immunobiological" and the shelf "internal immunobiological").

5) Refrigerators in a pharmacy must have inventory numbers. If there are no numbers, we glue the sticker “No. 1” and “No. 2” on the refrigerator. These numbers are indicated in the temperature maps. For example: "Refrigerator No. 1, storage area" or "Refrigerator No. 2, sales area."

6) In a refrigerator with a storage temperature of 2°C to 8°C, there should be 3 thermometers(on the top, middle and bottom shelf). In a refrigerator with a storage temperature of 8°C to 15°C, one thermometer is sufficient.

7) As in the entire pharmacy - in the refrigerator, internal medicines are stored separately from external medicines(clause 3.3.3. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus No. 149 dated May 19, 1998).

8) If dietary supplements or cosmetics need to be stored "in a cool place", then store them in a refrigerator with a storage temperature of 8 ° C to 15 ° C on a separate shelf or in a container labeled "Dietary Supplements, Cosmetics". We also store medical devices on a separate shelf or in a container labeled "Medical Devices".

9) Also pay attention to several types of medicines that have a specific temperature regime:

a) " Mycogel» – storage temperature regime from 10°С to 20°С. So, if the temperature in the pharmacy exceeds twenty degrees, you put it in a refrigerator with a temperature regime of 8 ° C to 15 ° C. Consequently, the temperature regime in the refrigerator is reduced. Instead of 8°C to 15°C, you should set the fridge to 10°C to 15°C. Pay special attention to mycogel, because it is included in the list of essential medicines (however, it can be replaced with Belarusian miconazole).

b) " Acetylcysteine ​​solution for inhalation» — storage temperature regime from 0°С to 5°С. You put it in a refrigerator with a temperature regime of 2 ° C to 8 ° C, and therefore the temperature regime in the refrigerator is reduced. Instead of 2°C to 8°C, you should set the refrigerator to 2°C to 5°C.

c) Pay attention to Cefazolin in vials» Borisov production. Its storage temperature is not higher than 20°C. So, if the temperature in the pharmacy exceeds twenty degrees, you put it in a refrigerator with a temperature regime of 8 ° C to 15 ° C.