Local hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy 2 trimester. Treatment of increased uterine tone during pregnancy. Increased muscle tone in the back wall

08.04.2019

Carrying a baby is an amazing and happy process, which, nevertheless, gives a woman a lot of trouble. A mother-to-be has to deal with a variety of changes in well-being, which often require an immediate response and adequate correction. Some of the symptoms that occur in a pregnant woman are a reason for immediate consultation with a doctor and even require an ambulance to arrive immediately. Others can be handled on their own. A fairly common problem among expectant mothers is the increased tone of the uterus during pregnancy in the second trimester. So in order for you to know more about this, we will discuss the features of such a phenomenon in a little more detail.

From time to time, every pregnant woman is faced with discomfort in the lower abdomen. This phenomenon is explained by many factors, but most often it occurs due to the natural increase in the size of the uterus, which leads to a sprain.

In addition, the body of the expectant mother is gradually preparing for childbirth, which is why the uterus can tone up from time to time. At the same time, a woman can feel the heaviness and petrification of the abdomen, as well as a pulling monotonous pain. If such a symptom appears very rarely, and passes quickly enough, you just need to inform the doctor about it. Most often, periodic tone does not require treatment.

Danger of uterine tone in the second trimester of pregnancy

Nevertheless, sometimes an increase in uterine tone may indicate the presence of some problems during pregnancy. So, if the symptoms described above are accompanied by painful sensations and do not go away for a long time, it is better to play it safe and call an ambulance. Also, immediate help from doctors is needed for a pregnant woman if the tone of the uterus is accompanied by the appearance of bloody discharge from the vagina.

In addition, you need to call an ambulance even if a woman with an increased uterine tone has a history of uterine cervix ruptures during childbirth, medical abortions, early births or miscarriages between the twelfth and twenty-seventh weeks of pregnancy.

An increased tone of the uterus in the second trimester may indicate various health problems, for example, hormonal disorders, inflammation and rhesus conflict with her husband. Sometimes this phenomenon is explained by stresses, premature disclosure of the uterine cervix, neoplasms in the uterus, fetal pathologies incompatible with life, etc.

Therefore, even if the uterine tone is not accompanied by pronounced disturbances in well-being and the alarming symptoms described above, in any case, it is necessary to inform the doctor about its appearance.

How to deal with uterine tone in the second trimester of pregnancy before consulting a doctor?

To quickly relax the muscles of the uterus, you can resort to a few simple recommendations. So doctors often advise expectant mothers to perform the following exercise: get up gently on all fours, leaning on your elbows and knees, and place the body parallel to the floor. After that, you need to bend in the lower back, raising your head up, and straighten your arms at the elbow. Freeze in this position for a few seconds and listen carefully to your feelings. If the pain gets worse, it is worth lying down and calling an ambulance. Otherwise, after bending it is recommended to return to the starting position and then arch your back - like an angry cat. This will provide a gentle and natural massage to the anterior abdominal wall. To consolidate the positive effect, it is necessary to repeat the deflections up and down several times. But you need to move extremely slowly, without jerking or sudden movements.

To eliminate uterine tone in the second trimester, you can use an antispasmodic - No-Shpa (from which it helps in the instructions of the "Preparations" section with the letter "N"). If, after taking it, the symptoms still persist, you must immediately call an ambulance. But even if the tone has passed, you still need to consult a doctor.

Also, when hypertonia appears, doctors strongly recommend giving up physical activity and observing half-bed or bed rest as in an illness.

How is the increase in the muscle tone of the uterus in the second trimester of pregnancy treated?

Therapy for hypertonicity can be carried out at home or in an inpatient unit, depending on which factor caused its occurrence. All expectant mothers with such a problem need to avoid stress and anxiety; if necessary, they are prescribed sedatives (usually on a plant basis). Correction of hypertonicity can be carried out with the use of antispasmodics (No-Shpa, Papaverine, suppositories with Papaverine), hormonal preparations, multivitamins and minerals (magnesium is often prescribed).

If doctors discover an inconsistency of the uterine cervix, they can decide whether to suture the cervix or apply a pessary (uterine rings on the cervix), which allows the child to be carried to the end of the term.

In the inpatient department, specialists can prescribe a drip injection of Ginipral or magnesium sulfate to the expectant mother. Ginipral is also used in pill form. In some cases, calcium channel blockers are used to prevent muscle contraction. Such funds are represented by Nifedipine and Corinfar.

Uterine-placental insufficiency during pregnancy is corrected with Curantil, Euphyllin, Trental, etc., and Actovegin, Riboxin, Lipoic acid are used to optimize metabolic processes. Antihypoxants are also often used - Piracetam, Instenon, and hepatoprotectors, for example, Essentiale or Hofitol.

Correction of uterine tone in the second trimester of pregnancy can only be carried out by a doctor.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine will also help to eliminate the increased tone of the uterus. So an excellent effect is given by peppermint leaves in combination with other sedative herbs. So you can combine two parts of mint with the same amount of lemon balm and valerian, collect motherwort in home first aid kits into one part. Brew a teaspoon of this collection with a glass of boiling water. Insist in a thermos for half an hour, then strain. Drink the medicine warm, sweetened with honey.

If you experience an increased tone of the uterus, be sure to consult with your doctor.

Even those who have never carried a child under their hearts have been heard. This condition, unfortunately, occurs so often that it will not hurt either pregnant women or those planning to conceive to know about it.

What is increased uterine tone?

To answer this question, let's first figure out what kind of organ it is. The uterus is a hollow, contractable, muscular organ, the basis of which is the myometrium. Naturally, it increases during pregnancy. In addition, each muscle fiber is lengthened 10-12 times and thickens 4-5 times. Nature arranged it so that normally, for 9 months, the muscles of the uterus are in a calm (relaxed) state. This allows the child to be carried. Also, normally, the uterus is at times slightly reduced, it happens closer to the expected date of birth. Such contractions - - are called training. It's like a dress rehearsal before the main event - the birth of a baby. But it so happens that during a long period of pregnancy (in some cases, throughout the entire period of gestation), the muscles of the uterus are in an excited, contracted state. The muscle layer of this organ is compressed (its tone increases) - the pressure in the uterine cavity increases. Unfortunately, this is a pathological condition that requires appropriate and timely treatment, since it is a symptom of a threat or

Causes of increased uterine tone during pregnancy

As a rule, the occurrence of increased tone (hypertonicity) of the uterus is facilitated by fear, overexcitation or overexertion of muscle fibers caused by excessive physical exertion.

If the tone occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, hormonal disorders, in particular, a reduced production of progesterone, can serve as the reason for this. As a rule, increased uterine tone in the second trimester usually appears due to overload at work or improper lifestyle. In addition, hypertonicity can occur due to inflammatory and structural changes (uterine fibroids, endometriosis). An overstretching of the muscles of the uterus, which occurs due to a multiple pregnancy, or a large fetus, can lead to increased tone. Moreover, an increased tone of the uterus can occur as a result of an acute respiratory infection or other illness (flu, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis), previous abortions, bad habits (smoking, etc.). In the third trimester of pregnancy, increased uterine tone can lead to premature birth.

What does a woman feel in such a state?

unpleasant squeezing or aching pains in the lower abdomen (can be both subtle and severe); they are often similar to those experienced by a woman before or during menstruation;
tension in the abdomen (it becomes hard, as if stone);
often - unpleasant or and lower back;

In some cases, the pain may be accompanied by bloody discharge. If this happens, go to the doctor immediately. Also, urgent medical attention requires a condition when a woman has cramping pains with an interval of several minutes.

And if you do not go to the doctor? What are the consequences?

Unfortunately, not the best. Increased tone can lead to spontaneous abortion at any time. If this happens in the first trimester, they will talk about miscarriage, in late - about premature birth. In addition, the increased tone of the uterus threatens another complication: the risk of pregnancy fading.

Even if the tone is not so significant as to lead to such sad consequences, this will not be reflected in the best way on the health of the baby. The fact is that a frequent increase in the tone of the uterus provokes oxygen starvation, since the blood supply is disrupted.

Treatment of increased uterine tone during pregnancy

You must inform your obstetrician-gynecologist as soon as possible about the occurrence of this condition. He will tell you how to behave in order to reduce the risk of complications, and, if necessary, prescribe medication.

Fortunately, the increased tone of the uterus responds well to treatment. The first thing that the doctor will require is to ensure a calm regimen and normalize the patient's psycho-emotional state. Now, more than ever, it is very important for a pregnant woman to establish a normal mode of work and rest, good sleep, sufficient stay in the fresh air, and adequate physical activity. With an increased tone of the uterus, bed rest is often prescribed and sex life is completely prohibited. If necessary, a woman is hospitalized and treated in a hospital. Medication is also used in this condition. To relieve stress and provide psychological comfort, sedatives are prescribed (tincture of motherwort and valerian). If these drugs are not effective in a particular case, Sibazol, Nosepam, Trioxazine, etc. are prescribed. To relax the uterine muscles, antispasmodics (No-shpu, Papaverine) are used. Magne-B6 is often used. If the reason for the increase in tone is in an insufficient amount of progesterone, the drugs Dufaston and Utrozhestan are used (up to 16 weeks). Well-proven drugs that relax the muscles of the uterus (for example, Ginipral) and calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Corinfar). To stop bleeding, hemostatic drugs are prescribed (Dicinon, sodium etamsylate). In addition, if an increase in the tone of the uterus is diagnosed in late pregnancy, the woman is prescribed droppers. Intravenous administration of a 25% solution of sulfuric acid and 10% alcohol helps to alleviate the situation. In addition to the above treatment options for increased tone, a fortified diet is used, as well as physiotherapy, acupuncture and psychotherapy.

If the spasms began suddenly and are very strong, then you can take 2 No-Shpy tablets or put a candle with Papaverine. The next step in this case is an urgent visit to a doctor. Even if the pain has passed, do not ignore this issue and do not ignore the visit to the antenatal clinic.

Remember: how you behave in a particular case depends not only on the health of your unborn baby, but even his life.

Specially for- Elena Kichak

From the guest

The tone was strong from the 26th week, it lasted until the 38th week, then it was cured. The tone was so often, literally in 5-10-15 minutes. Basically, I was lying, koli ginepral, magnesia, saw B6 and motherwort of course. Tonus is not a joke, while lying in the hospital I heard a lot of scary stories from girls whose tonus led to premature birth. So, take care of your children, and if something happens, call an ambulance and go to save !!! I wish everyone the birth of healthy children !!!

Often, this symptom of the threat of termination of pregnancy remains unnoticed by the expectant mother, which leads to more serious consequences.

Have you ever played sports? Lifting weights? Clench your hand into a fist that is strong. Look at the muscles of the arm: they have increased, began to be clearly contoured, thickened - they have come to tone. Just as the activation of skeletal muscles occurs, the muscles of the uterus (myometrium) also tone up. The only difference is that the processes of tension-relaxation of the muscles of the arms, legs, back are subject to your desires, since their work is controlled by the central nervous system. With the uterus, things are more complicated, nothing depends on your will.

Uterus in good shape: symptoms

What symptoms can tell us about tone of the uterus? This is primarily a pulling, monotonous, prolonged pain in the lower abdomen, without clear localization. “Somewhere below, like during menstruation,” patients often say. The pain can be given to the lumbar region, sacrum, perineum. In the second and third trimesters, placing her hands on her stomach, the expectant mother independently determines a dense uterus with clear contours. Often, bleeding from the genital tract may appear. It is important to remember that any non-light discharge - beige, brown, pink, streaked with blood, scarlet, abundant, smearing - is regarded as blood. They are dangerous during pregnancy and require immediate medical attention.

Diagnostics: hypertonicity of the uterus

A woman's uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the middle of the pelvic cavity. Like any smooth muscle tissue, the myometrium has inherent properties - excitability, tone, stretching, plasticity and elasticity. Normally, the uterus should be relaxed during pregnancy. It is in this case that favorable conditions are created for the attachment of the ovum, the formation of the placenta. In the uterus, the growth and development of the fetus takes place, extra-fetal structures are formed - the placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, membranes.

For a number of reasons, the myometrium can become toned - the muscle thickens, becomes dense. During the examination of a woman on a chair in the first trimester of pregnancy, an obstetrician-gynecologist very clearly defines an increased tone with his hands. The thickening of the wall of the uterus is seen during the examination by the doctor conducting ultrasound diagnostics. In this case, in the conclusion, he usually designates the problem with the following terms: "the tone of the myometrium is increased" or "the hypertonicity of the myometrium".

The consequences of hypertonia

Every expectant mother should understand that, no matter how the tone is determined - at the reception when examined by an obstetrician-gynecologist, by herself or during an ultrasound examination, this is the threat of termination of pregnancy. The tone of the uterus requires close attention of both the woman and the doctor leading the pregnancy.

The tone of the myometrium in the first trimester leads to detachment of the ovum, chorion (this is the name of the future placenta) and, as a result, spontaneous miscarriage occurs. Often, abortion does not occur, but due to the large area of detachment, pregnancy freezes, stops in its development due to malnutrition and oxygen delivery. At the same time, often a woman is not bothered by bleeding, only periodic pulling pains in the lower abdomen appear. And when screening ultrasound at 11-13 weeks, it turns out that the pregnancy is not developing, frozen at a period of 6-7 weeks, a large retrochorial hematoma is visualized (accumulation of blood when the ovum is detached from the chorion, the precursor of the placenta).

In the 2nd and 3rd trimester, the tone of the myometrium rarely leads to placental abruption, only if it is abnormally located (low placentation) or if the placenta overlaps the area of the internal pharynx.

But there is another danger. The uterus compresses the fetal bladder with the baby and amniotic fluid, of which there are already a lot after 20 weeks (600-1500 ml at term). The pressure on the lower segment, the internal pharynx, increases. The fetal bladder, under the influence of the tone, begins to work like a wedge, the cervix opens and premature birth occurs. It happens that amniotic fluid leaves with a preserved cervix. But the result is one - termination of pregnancy.

Causes of hypertonia

There are many reasons for the appearance of uterine tone during pregnancy. Rarely can one single out, more often they are combined: stress, lack of sleep, hard physical labor, hours of work, sports, air travel, long distance travel, sex life up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, colds. An important role is played by bad habits - smoking, alcoholism, but there are other factors that lead to an increased tone of the uterus.

Infections... First of all, these are sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, viruses, etc. They cause inflammation of the pelvic organs, including the uterus. The synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines is enhanced - these are biologically active substances that provide an inflammatory response in the body and adversely affect the course of pregnancy and fetal development. These include interleukins, interferon, which increase the tone of the myometrium. In addition, in this case, the likelihood of intrauterine infection of the baby is high.

Hormonal disbalance... Lack of progesterone is an equally rare cause of increased myometrial tone. Progesterone is especially important in the first trimester of pregnancy. It relaxes the myometrium, contributes to the normal processes of implantation and formation of the placenta. In the first trimester, this hormone is synthesized by the corpus luteum of the ovary, with its insufficient function of progesterone, little is produced, and pregnancy proceeds against the background of hypertonicity of the uterus, which leads to the threat of termination of pregnancy. By 16 weeks, the placenta takes over the synthesis of hormones, and the risk of miscarriage decreases.

In addition to progesterone deficiency, there are a number of hormonal disorders, as a result of which pregnancy proceeds with the threat of termination: hyperandrogenism (increased levels of male sex hormones), hyperprolactinemia (increased levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood), thyroid pathology - hyper- or hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis.

At-risk groups... After surgical interventions in the uterus (abortion, diagnostic manipulations), childbirth, complicated by the inflammatory process, adhesions can form - intrauterine synechiae. In such cases, pregnancy proceeds against the background of an increased tone of the uterus, with the threat of termination, with bleeding.

Endometriosis, fibroids(especially such an arrangement of the tumor when it protrudes into the uterine cavity, deforming it) - all these are the circumstances accompanying an increase in the tone of the myometrium during pregnancy.
In women with disorders in the hemostasis system (a complex of body reactions aimed at preventing and stopping bleeding), with changes in the indicators of the coagulation or anticoagulation systems of the blood, the presence of antibodies to cell phospholipids, pregnancy proceeds with an increased tone of the uterus, starting from the shortest terms.

Multiple pregnancy, pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, often passes against the background of uterine tone and is complicated by premature birth.

Patients with chronic diseases, with severe somatic pathology (for example, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus) who have had colds, viral diseases during the current pregnancy, very often have uterine tone.

How to treat uterine hypertonicity

The tone, of course, needs to be removed, the uterus needs to be relaxed, otherwise this condition may result in spontaneous miscarriage.

If the expectant mother is not included in any of the risk groups, everything is in order with her health, this is the first pregnancy, which came without any problems and proceeded safely until the present moment, there was no bleeding from the genital tract during the entire period of gestation, but with In this case, the woman is worried about minor pulling pains in the lower abdomen and, according to the doctor, the tone of the uterus is increased or the uterus is excitable on palpation - you can carry out outpatient treatment, but with the obligatory observance of bed rest. Therefore, it is important to remember that there can be no talk of any kind of work, even routine, around the house!

In this case, antispasmodics are prescribed (NO-SHPA in tablets, CANDLES WITH PAPAVERIN), vitamins, MAGNE B6, sedatives (VALERIANA, DESERT), possibly the appointment of gestagenic drugs - DUFASTON, UTROZHESTAN. Dosages and treatment regimens are prescribed individually for each patient by a doctor.

If the expectant mother at home or at work felt the characteristic pulling pains in the lower abdomen, and there is no way to contact the attending doctor, you need to drink NO-SHPU at a dosage of 0.04-0.08 g, you can enter rectally a CANDLE WITH PAPAVERIN and take 2 VALERIANA tablets ...

If the expectant mother is at risk, bleeding has appeared,
various pains in the lower abdomen - immediate hospitalization is required. Inpatient treatment will depend on the duration of the pregnancy and the clinical picture.

In the 1st trimester, intramuscular injections of PAPAVERIN, NO-SHPA, PROGESTERONE, vitamins, sedatives (sedatives), UTROZHESTAN or DUFASTON are usually prescribed. These drugs have a different mechanism of action, but the result of their intake is the same - relaxation of the uterine muscles. In the case of bleeding, it is necessary to prescribe hemostatic (hemostatic) drugs - SODIUM ETHAMSILATE, DICINON, TRANEXAM.

After 16 weeks, the arsenal of drugs to reduce the tone of the uterus expands, and, at the same time, there is no need to use hormonal drugs. At this time, they usually begin to be gradually canceled, in the absence of indications for a longer admission.

Additionally, physiotherapeutic treatment can be prescribed to help relax the uterine muscles. These methods include:

Endonasal galvanization is the use with a therapeutic purpose of a continuous direct current of low strength and low voltage, supplied to the body by contact through electrodes.

Electrophoresis with magnesia is the effect on the body of a direct current and particles of a medicinal substance, magnesia sulfate, introduced through the skin or mucous membranes.

Electroanalgesia - pain relief using weak electrical discharges through the skin that block the conduction of pain impulses to the brain.

Electro-relaxation of the uterus - the effect on the neuromuscular apparatus of the uterus with an alternating sinusoidal current to suppress the contractile activity of this organ. With the threat of termination of pregnancy from 15–16 weeks, electro relaxation is a preferable method over other methods of therapy for the threat of termination, since there is no side effect of medications, and the effect occurs already during the procedure.

Electro-relaxation of the uterus can be used to provide emergency care in the event of a threatened abortion.

In the 2nd and 3rd trimester, intravenous drip administration of GINIPRAL, SULFURIC MAGNESIUM is possible.

Also shown are injections of antispasmodics - PAPAVERIN, NO-SHPA. The recommended drugs are calcium channel blockers (NIFEDIPIN, CORINFAR). These drugs block calcium channels in the myometrium, calcium is not transported, while the muscle cannot contract and relaxes.
To enhance the antispasmodic effect, add tablet forms of drugs that reduce the tone of the uterus - GINIPRAL, NO-SHPU in tablets, as well as CANDLES WITH PAPAVERIN.

Be sure to include vitamins in the treatment regimen: in injectable form - intravenously, in tablet form in order to improve metabolic processes, normalize the activity of the central nervous system.

Sedatives are also prescribed in tablet form or in the form of tinctures. It is necessary to use drugs that improve uteroplacental blood circulation (KURANTIL, PENTOXIFILLIN, Euphillin, Trental), drugs that improve metabolic processes (ACTOVEGIN, COCARBOXYLASE, RIBOXIN, OROTAT POTASSIUM, PANTOPENATE CALCIUM antipyretic drugs, LYOXIDA antihypertensive drugs) to a lack of oxygen - INSTENON, PIRACETS), hepatoprotectors (substances that improve liver function - HOPHITOL, ESSENTIALE).

The increased tone of the muscles of the uterus is not a reason for emotions, but for a more attentive attitude towards oneself. Therefore, if the doctor diagnosed the expectant mother with uterine hypertonicity, she needs not to get upset, but just pay a little more attention to herself and her condition and listen to the advice of the attending physician.

Entering such a pleasant and at the same time difficult period of life like pregnancy, many women are unaware of how many complications and diseases these fascinating 9 months are fraught with. Among the frequent diagnoses, there is an increased tone of the uterus, which, depending on the complexity, can be either conditionally safe or, in the worst case, lead to a miscarriage. Therefore, every mother needs to know the main symptoms and basic methods of treatment.

As a muscular organ, a woman's uterus is capable of contracting. This is necessary for the normal process of natural childbirth. The tone of the uterus during pregnancy is normal, increased and decreased. And if the contractions are palpable, frequent, prolonged and bring discomfort to a woman, such hypertonicity can be dangerous. In this case, you should not give up the possible hospitalization and drug treatment.

You need to know that an increased tone of the uterus is not a diagnosis, it is one of the symptoms of a threat of miscarriage.

Symptoms of uterine hypertonicity

You can determine the pathology at each stage of pregnancy. Most dangerous hypertonicity in the 1st trimester... But it is also quite simple to diagnose it:

you feel muscle contraction
the uterus tenses, becomes hard. This can be determined by lying on your back and feeling the lower abdomen,
can often be accompanied by pain and discharge.

If even one of the symptoms overtakes you, visit a doctor. By the way, abnormal discharge, and any sensations you do not understand at such an early date, are a good reason to go to the clinic. Hypertonicity can be diagnosed by the doctor himself during a routine examination, but most often it is established during an ultrasound scan.

In the 2nd trimester muscle contraction is somewhat more difficult to feel. A pregnant woman has so many new sensations that it may simply not be possible to highlight these symptoms. Colored discharge and pain should alert you. To better distinguish possible pathology by changing the color of the discharge, doctors advise using panty liners. As for pain, it can occur not only in the lower abdomen. Often with hypertonia, the back hurts. You can attribute this to spinal fatigue, lower back aches, and even damage to other organs. For example, pain with increased tone can be very similar to renal colic. If their character is very sharp, do not hesitate to call an ambulance.

3 trimester characterized by active preparation of the body for. Periodic contractions of the uterus at this time are quite normal. You can feel them, starting from 7-8 months (usually 31 weeks are marked by the beginning of training contractions, accompanied by tone). It becomes more difficult to diagnose hypertonicity, meanwhile it poses a great danger - it can lead to premature birth. You can distinguish the tone of the uterus from false contractions by the following factors:

The preparatory contractions are short and irregular.
You shouldn't feel pain.
There can be no bleeding.

Often at this stage, a pregnant woman may be worried about fatigue due to a strong load on the spine and significant movements of the already large fetus. To eliminate the tone, it is enough to lie down and relax. And if the discomfort persists, consult a doctor.

In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, with hypertonicity, fetal movements become painful for a pregnant woman and are rare. In some cases, on the contrary, the child begins to be too active, which was not previously observed.

Causes

To protect yourself from hospitalization with increased tone, which will not pass 75-80% of pregnant women, you should be aware of its possible causes:

Features of the body. This includes anomalies and malformations of the uterus.
Hormonal Disorders. Hyperandrogenism or decreased (pregnancy hormone).
Inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages (endometritis, removal of appendages).
Structural changes in the walls of the uterus (tumors, endometriosis).
... Pregnant women at risk of this pathology are on special account for all 9 months.
Toxicosis of the 1st trimester, accompanied by constant vomiting. Contractions of the gastrointestinal tract can provoke muscular activity of the uterus.
High physical activity. Sports are not always allowed, even in the early stages.
Stress and disorders of the central nervous system.
Genital infantilism (underdevelopment of the female genital organs).
Infectious or viral diseases.
Fatigue at work, disruption of the normal daily routine. Remember: the most important thing right now is not the fulfillment of the plan or the increase in earnings, but your baby. And compliance with the regime depends only on you.
Overstretching of the uterus due to a large fetus or multiple pregnancy.
The age of the woman. Under 18 and over 30.
Multiple abortions.
Somatic diseases. These are diseases of the heart, liver, kidneys, and other organs.
Harmful working conditions associated with toxic products (kerosene, gasoline, acetone).
Smoking and alcohol.

Not everyone knows that the causes of hypertonicity can be hidden in seemingly safe things - the dishes that we eat every day. So, if you are "in position", you should refuse:

Products that increase gassing.
Specific spices that provoke an increase in tone (garlic, parsley, celery).
Salty meals. They lead to increased fluid intake, and, as a result, and possible tone.
Herbal teas.

Effects

Due to the increased tone of the uterus, blood flow to the placenta decreases, and this leads to the fact that the fetus does not receive enough nutrients and oxygen. As a result - placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, intrauterine growth retardation. In more severe stages, hypertonicity leads to spontaneous abortion, premature birth or missed early pregnancy.

Due to the increased tone, early dilatation of the cervix can occur, and this leads to isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

Involuntary contractions of the uterus can lead to and.

Treatment

Medicines prescribed during pregnancy are selected very carefully. In no case should you self-medicate - the consequences can be dire. It is also not worth listening to the "grandmother's methods". Many of them are not medically justified and can only harm.

What to do?

Most often, with a tone in 1 trimester, the usual No-shpa is prescribed, which relieves spasms. With a strong manifestation of hypertonia, injections are preferable, in other cases, taking pills is sufficient.
In the 2nd trimester, antispasmodics are also prescribed, in addition to No-shpa, it can be Papaverine or Magnesia. In some cases, for better tolerance, they are administered using a dropper, adding to saline.
Since preparatory activity and contractions of the uterus are observed in the 3rd trimester, they cannot be completely removed. They regulate the normal level of contractions during hypertonicity, supporting the body with vitamins. The Magne B-6 copes with this best of all.

In addition, the treatment of uterine tone involves giving up heavy physical exertion, bed rest and taking sedatives. Depending on the state of the central nervous system, it can be Sedavit, Persen, Novopasit, Valerian.

Simple exercises can help, but check with your doctor before doing:

Naturally, when specific problems are identified (hormonal failure, Rh-conflict), hypertonicity can only be eliminated by taking specific drugs prescribed by a doctor.

Prevention

If ultrasound and periodic medical examinations indicate that the pregnancy is developing without complications, everything is in order with the child, but there is an unexpressed tone with rare and irregular contractions of the uterus, and nothing else bothers the woman, then it is permissible for the pregnant woman to stay at home.

It is important not to be nervous and not to worry about trifles, because stress causes even healthy women. Whatever happens, remember, at the moment there is nothing more important than the health of the baby, so watch your peace of mind.
Doctors advise pregnant women with uterine hypertonicity to include foods containing magnesium in their diet. This unique element very well relaxes the muscles of the uterus, intestines and other internal organs, and also reduces the excitability of the nervous system. A lot of magnesium is found in beans, bran bread, green vegetables, buckwheat and oatmeal.
Do not forget to drink at least 2 liters of water per day (if you have swelling, consult your doctor about your sufficient fluid level). This is necessary to prevent dehydration and constipation - they are dangerous with hypertension.
Eat foods with enough fiber to avoid intestinal problems.
Observe the correct daily routine, get enough sleep.
Avoid excessive physical activity.
Limit your sexual activity.
Breathe fresh air more often, ventilate the room before bed.

Hypertonia - uterine contractions that occur earlier than the expected date of birth. This often happens in the early stages. The tone of the uterus during pregnancy can be felt by a woman and determined by ultrasound. If treatment is not started on time, there is a significant risk of losing the child.

Symptoms

How is hypertonicity manifested? A pregnant woman should be alerted to the following signs of uterine tone during pregnancy:

severe pain in the lower abdomen;
bloody vaginal discharge;
hard "stone" belly;
heaviness in the lower abdomen;
dizziness and nausea.

If a pregnant woman independently discovered at least one of the symptoms, you should consult a gynecologist and prescribe treatment. Excessive muscle tension at the beginning of the pathological process is detected only when examined by a doctor, and most often - by ultrasound.

Diagnostics

Palpation

The doctor determines the increased tone of the uterus during pregnancy after taking an anamnesis. For diagnosis, the gynecologist will palpate. In long periods of pregnancy, this is done through the anterior abdominal wall. The woman lies on her back with bent legs. This position relieves tension in the abdominal wall, so the gynecologist feels a seal.

Ultrasound examination

Additional examination - ultrasound - helps to assess the thickening of the muscle layer and the condition of the cervix. Based on the results of the examination, a conclusion is made on what stress means, and whether there is a threat of miscarriage.

The phenomenon of tone during pregnancy is noted locally (in some areas) or on the entire inner surface of the uterus. There are contractions on the anterior and posterior walls of the organ. A pregnant woman feels independently if the entire uterus is tense. With hypertonicity along the back wall, the woman feels pulling pains.

On ultrasound, a local tone is established, which cannot be determined in the usual way. If the wall to which the placenta is attached, there is a danger of its detachment. This is diagnosed by a doctor on an ultrasound examination. If there is increased tension in the posterior wall and pain in the organ is noted, the length of the cervix is additionally measured and its condition is assessed.

With the threat of premature birth (can be established by ultrasound), fetal biometry is performed and the blood flow in the vessels is examined. If there is an increased tone of the uterus during pregnancy, hospitalization is required.

Tonusometry

The tension in the uterus is recorded by special sensors. This method is rarely used. Palpation and ultrasound are used more often.

Etiology

The reasons that affect the tension of the wall of the uterus are different. They are divided into two categories - physiological and psychosomatic.

The causes of hypertonicity are:

numerous abortions;
large fruit size;
a certain number of pregnancies;
multiple pregnancy;
infantile (baby) uterus;
polyhydramnios;
endocrine diseases;
infections;
a certain age of the pregnant woman;
physical activity;
bad habits;
improper nutrition;
complications during pregnancy;
short sleep duration;
a certain occupation.

Cardiovascular, chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, hypertension - all this leads to stress in the organ. The tone of the uterus in the third trimester is the cause of premature birth. Malignant formations in the organ lead to hypertonicity.

Increased tension in the uterus is often the result of psychological problems. When a woman experiences fear, she has symptoms of hypertension. Excessive stress is a consequence of certain mental states. Pregnancy brings many life changes and a woman should be supported at home. If there are constant scandals and quarrels in the family, this is the cause of tension in the whole body. This is why a woman's anxiety and stress cause the tone of the uterus.

The tension in the muscular organ is observed due to the lack of progesterone, which supports early pregnancy. Underdevelopment of the uterus and its mucous membrane occurs due to a lack of estrogen. If the level of male sex hormones is higher than normal, the uterus is toned.

Disorders in the thyroid gland can cause hypertonicity. Viral infections and the genital tract provoke tension in the muscular organ. Uterine tone in early pregnancy can lead to miscarriage. When the first symptoms appear, you should take the measures listed below.

First aid

If there is tension in the uterus, you can take an antispasmodic on your own and go to bed. It is advisable to consult a gynecologist on the same day.

If there is hypertonicity along the back wall of the uterus, a woman should:

relax the muscles of the face and the whole body;
refuse any work;
get on all fours and do an exercise that will help relieve tension. Slowly bend in the back, raising your head, and return to its original position.

Treatment

If the tone of the uterus is observed in the early stages of pregnancy, the woman is shown rest. The following treatment comes to the rescue:

herbal sedatives - valerian, motherwort;
Magne B6;
vitamin therapy;
antispasmodics - "No-shpa", "Baralgin", "Papaverin", "Drotaverin";
treatment through psychotherapy.

Hormone treatment must be justified. Prescribe drugs based on progesterone - "Duphaston" or "Utrozhestan". The minimum doses of drugs are selected, taking into account the gestational age. If a woman has profuse bleeding, she is hospitalized.

Treatment consists of a set of measures that eliminate the causes of the threat of pregnancy. Therapy may include:

"Progesterone". Intramuscularly, 1 ml is injected for no more than 10 days.
Intramuscularly - "Oxyprogesterone" once a week.
Within 5-7 days - "Folliculin".
1 ml for 6-10 days carotene subcutaneously.
Shown "Tocopherol acetate" - intramuscularly 1 ml.
Inject 3-5 ml of nicotinic acid intravenously.
Papaverine is injected subcutaneously.

If uterine tone is observed in the second trimester, diathermy is recommended. In case of infectious diseases, it is necessary to eliminate the underlying cause.

In the second trimester, short-term hypertonicity is a physiological process. Often a woman cannot independently determine whether her condition threatens the fetus. If a pathology is suspected, the doctor will prescribe treatment. Drugs will help relieve muscle tension:

antispasmodics;
sulphate magnesia;
Partusisten, Ginipral, Salbupart, Bricanil, Albuterol;
Atosiban, Hexoprenaline;
magnesium sulfate;
Nifedipine, Finoptin, Verapamil are potassium antagonists.

What causes uterine tone in the third trimester? Braxton Hicks training contractions are considered normal. This means that the uterus is preparing for childbirth.

Prevention

In order to relieve excessive tension in the muscular organ, a number of rules should be observed:

Heavy physical labor and sports are contraindicated.
You cannot lift weights.
Breathe in fresh air, but without the exhausting walks.
Sleep at least 8 hours.
Limit your sex life.
Eat well.
Try to avoid long journeys and crowded transport.
You should definitely give up bad habits.
Try to avoid stressful situations.

As a preventive measure against possible hypertonicity, even before pregnancy, a woman should be examined for infections in the pelvic organs. This is why you should consult your gynecologist. All tests must be done.

In order to get rid of threatening symptoms, a woman needs to relax. A soothing tea with honey made from lemon balm, mint, motherwort and valerian will help with this. You should also not neglect a healthy and proper sleep. Essential oils of chamomile, mint, jasmine, lotus will help relieve stress.

Emotions

What does the emotional state mean in the life of a pregnant woman? In the early stages, a woman has mood swings, and it is unstable. Psychological stress arises, which means that it also manifests itself at the physiological level. What can you do to reduce it?

Communication with loved ones, good rest and creativity helps a woman to relieve unnecessary anxiety. In the middle of pregnancy, a sense of integrity and harmony comes to women. Many people feel comfortable in the second and third trimester. It is dangerous for a pregnant woman to be nervous, as this can manifest itself and lead to hypertension.

Effects

Tension in a muscle organ is a dangerous pathology. It occurs at any time, but attention is paid to pregnancy up to 14 weeks. If uterine tone occurs in the second trimester, fetal development may suffer. One of the consequences of contractions of a muscular organ during the period from 12 to 20 weeks is late miscarriage. If the uterus is too tense, the development of the embryo may stop. What causes placental abruption? Due to the same stress, which results in fetal hypoxia.

If placental abruption has begun and uterine tone is noted in the third trimester, delivery is indicated. The doctor determines the condition of the woman, and, if necessary, perform an emergency operation. At the same time, a cesarean section is performed to prevent the death of the fetus.

In the later stages of bearing a child, certain symptoms may also appear that do not yet mean hypertonicity. A thorough medical examination is necessary. Medicines to relieve muscle tension are not prescribed after 35 weeks of pregnancy. With all the threatening symptoms, the pregnant woman is hospitalized.