Education of a healthy lifestyle culture among schoolchildren. Promoting a healthy lifestyle from an early age

19.07.2019

"FORMATION OF HLS - AN IMPORTANT PART OF SCHOOL AND FAMILY PHYSICAL EDUCATION"

Health is an invaluable asset not only for each person, but for the whole society. Health is the main condition and guarantee of a full and happy life. Health helps us fulfill our plans, successfully solve the main life tasks, and overcome difficulties. Each of us has an inherent desire to be strong and healthy, to maintain mobility, vigor, energy as long as possible and to achieve longevity.

The deterioration in the health of school-age children in Russia has become not only a medical problem, but also a serious pedagogical problem.

The modern education system, along with positive experience, traditions and existing pedagogical potential, contains contradictions that do not ensure its compliance with the growing demands of society and the needs of each of its members. This directly affects the results of the country's social and economic development. The research results show the imperfection of the current practice in the scientific, methodological, organizational, managerial, pedagogical functioning of various parts of the education system in terms of maintaining and developing the health of children and adolescents. According to the Russian Ministry of Education, the number of children with a lack of development and poor health among newborns is 85%. Among children entering the first grade, over 60% are at risk of school, somatic and psychophysical maladaptation. Of the 6 million schoolchildren aged 15-17 who underwent preventive examinations, 94.5% have various diseases, and the presence of diseases that limit the choice of profession has reached 30%. Among 15-year-old boys, the number of those lagging behind in psychophysiological indicators from their passport age by 1-2 years is 30-36%. Almost a third of young men are not fit to serve in the Armed Forces for medical reasons. Among the complex of factors contributing to a decrease in the level of schoolchildren's health, on the one hand, non-compliance with physiological and hygienic requirements for learning conditions is singled out, and on the other hand, a large amount of teaching load.

The current situation in the modern general education school requires new, non-standard approaches to solving the problem of maintaining the health of children in the learning process:

development and implementation of new comprehensive health-improving and preventive programs aimed at the valueologization of the educational environment;

formation of a holistic adaptation and rehabilitation space at all stages of the educational process.

But no matter what methods of preserving and strengthening the health of students are used at school, the expected effect will not be, if the students themselves do not form the needs and habits in a conscious and reasonable attitude towards their own health, do not develop the skills and abilities to improve their physical and mental health.

Meanwhile, observations and surveys of students show that many adolescents do not monitor their health.

That is why at present the actual problem of modern society is the formation of a healthy lifestyle for people, which, in turn, is not only the basis of a person's well-being, but also the way to the improvement of the nation. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that a healthy lifestyle of a person does not develop on its own depending on the circumstances, but is formed purposefully and constantly throughout life.

A healthy lifestyle is a system of individual manifestations of a person (moral, spiritual, physical) in the areas of various activities (educational, household, social, communicative), reflecting the attitude towards oneself, the social environment, the environment from the standpoint of the value of health and contributing to the preservation of age-appropriate body stability, maximum activity of the individual in everyday life and activities.

Unfortunately, observations and examinations of students show that a healthy lifestyle does not yet occupy the first place in the hierarchy of human needs and values in our society. But if we teach children from a very early age to appreciate, protect and strengthen their health, if we demonstrate a healthy lifestyle by personal example, then only in this case we can hope that future generations will be healthier and developed not only personally, intellectually, spiritually. but also physically.

A healthy lifestyle is formed both in the family and at school. Under the general control should be the study load, daily routine, nutrition, physical activity, tempering procedures, nervous stress, the psychological climate at home, at school and in the classroom, the relationship between parents and children, students and teachers, types and forms of leisure, entertainment and interests.

As you can see, the joint educational work of the school and the family is carried out in all areas: moral, labor, environmental, legal, economic, etc.

I would like to pay special attention to such an area of joint work of the school and the family as physical education.

Physical education of children comes to the fore today. No one doubts anymore - the priority of health cannot be replaced by any other. Physical education in the family is based on a healthy lifestyle and includes the correct organization of the daily routine, nutrition, sports, hardening of the body, etc. The task of the teacher is to support what the parents started with joint educational activities, actively help, guide, and advise. Proper physical education largely contributes to the full mental development of the child and the improvement of his motor functions. Systematic physical education classes have a positive effect on the development of students at school and in the family, encourage them to adhere to the correct regimen and hygiene requirements.

Taking care of the health of students is the most important duty of parents, schools, individual teachers, the entire teaching staff and the child himself. The child must realize that being healthy is his duty to himself, to those close to him. Schoolchildren with health problems find it more difficult to study. Teachers and parents should help them cope with these difficulties.

What is physical education, and what tasks does it solve?

Physical education is a purposeful work to improve the health of students, the development of motor skills and physical qualities of the individual (dexterity, speed, endurance).

In the process of physical education, the following tasks should be solved:

1) promoting the health and physical development of students;

2) formation and improvement of motor skills and abilities;

3) promotion of the development of motor qualities;

4) education of moral and volitional qualities;

5) formation of hygienic knowledge, skills;

6) promotion of a healthy lifestyle (HLS).

As practice has shown, most parents show a keen interest in the school life of their children, but at the same time, not everyone still attaches due importance to the correct regimen of children, proper nutrition, their stay in the fresh air and physical exercises.

The correct orientation of parents in matters of physical education of schoolchildren in the family is the task of a physical education teacher. To this end, he can use such forms of propaganda as regular individual conversations, showing open physical education lessons, speaking at parent meetings, and thematic debates. The topics of the meetings can be, for example, “The motor mode of a schoolchild”, “The role of the family in shaping the personality of a child”, Creating conditions in the family to improve the health of adolescents”, “Upbringing a teenager: how to form a desire for a healthy lifestyle”, “Healthy lifestyle in the example of parents", "Healthy family: moral aspects", "Health is the privilege of the wise", "Homework in physical education", etc. Speaking to parents, the teacher should first of all aim them at physical exercises, try to form in them the right attitude towards such activities.

It is quite obvious that the best method of education for physical exercises is the personal example of the student's parents and other family members. Joint physical education and sports between parents and children contributes to the spiritual rapprochement of older and younger family members, which is the basis for mutual understanding between them. An example is hiking trips, where each family member performs certain duties, which everyone feels as a useful and equal member of a friendly team. During family trips, parents and students participate in joint games: playing football, dodgeball, fun relay races, tug of war and much more. Parents should be clearly aware that physical culture is not inferior to other disciplines.

Closer contact between the parents of schoolchildren is achieved in individual conversations. A very effective form of joint work of the school with parents is the holding of open events “Mom, Dad and I are a friendly family”, “Dad can” - a holiday dedicated to February 23, a sports and dance marathon “Dance while you are young”, “The coolest sports hour” etc. The advantages of this form of work are that parents get the opportunity to observe their children directly in the process of physical exercise and by personal example instill in children a love for regular physical education and sports.

Of great importance in the life of a student is the “Home Stadium” - a specially equipped place in an apartment with sports equipment (dumbbells, shock absorbers, jump ropes, a disk, etc.) for regular physical exercises. In order for the control over independent studies by parents to be effective, the physical education teacher must familiarize parents with the methods of monitoring the state of the body of schoolchildren, indicators of the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, external signs of fatigue, etc. The formation of the value of health and a healthy lifestyle should be carried out in accordance with the age and individual characteristics of the participants in the educational process.

The correct use of psychological and pedagogical technologies, taking into account the components of the formation of a healthy lifestyle, allows not only to solve the problem of a responsible attitude to one's health, but also solves the problems of protecting the health of schoolchildren, both in psychological and physiological aspects.

Diagnosis of the formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle allows you to determine the ways of working to prevent and improve the health of students.

In conclusion, it should be noted that in such an important matter as the physical education of the younger generation, there are no and cannot be trifles. It is important to remember that only the complex implementation of all forms of physical education can fully solve the tasks!

Literature

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3. Antsybur, M.M., Golovanova N.F. Features of the organization of the pedagogical process in the primary grades in the extended day group // Primary school. -2001. - No. 5. - 45p.
4. Derekleeva N.I. Motor games, trainings and health lessons - M .: "Enlightenment", 2004.- 93s.
5. Under the editorship of Academician of the Russian Academy of Education M.M. Bezrukikh and V.D. Sonkina organization and evaluation of health-saving activities of educational institutions. - M .: Moscow City Fund for Support of School Book Publishing, 2004.

6. Zaitsev, G.K. Your first health lessons / G.K. Zaitsev. – 1995.
7. Zaitsev, G.K. Aibolit's lessons. Grow up healthy / G.K. Zaitsev. – 1995.
8.Health-saving technologies in elementary school. Methodological guide. M: Globus Publishing House, 2010
9. Kovalko V.I. Health-saving technologies: a schoolboy and a computer.-M: "VAKO", 2007.
10. Korostel N. B. From A to Z. - M., "Physical culture and sport", 1995
11. L.A. Obukhova, N.A. Lemyaskin School of Doctors of Nature or 135 health lessons: grades 1-4 .- M .: VAKO, 2004.
12. G.K. Selevko "Encyclopedia of Pedagogical Technologies"
13. Fokin G.Yu. Physical education lessons in elementary school: grades 1-4 .: A manual for a physical education teacher .- M .: School Press, 2003
14. Edited by Shlemin A.M. Physical culture and health work at school: a guide for the teacher. - M .: "Prosveshchenie", 1988

ANNOTATION

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 LIFESTYLE AS A CERTAIN TYPE OF LIFE

CHAPTER 2 MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MEANING OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

CONCLUSION

LIST OF USED SOURCES

ANNOTATION

L. N. Tolstoy wrote: “The demands of people who smoke, drink, overeat, do not work and turn night into day for a doctor to make them healthy, despite their unhealthy lifestyle, are ridiculous.” A hundred years later, this phrase has not lost its relevance.

It, like the need to form a healthy lifestyle of the population, is obvious and confirmed by the regulatory documents of the Republic of Belarus, first of all, the National Strategy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2020, the State Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Republic of Belarus, the Constitution country.

The hypothesis is the thesis that the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population is a complex task, the responsibility for which, in one form or another, is borne by all capable adult citizens. The solution of this problem is complicated by the skepticism of a certain part of the population towards the obvious benefits of the quality of life of those who adhere to a healthy lifestyle.

The purpose of the work is to describe the basics of a healthy lifestyle.

The tasks of the work are to define the way of life as a certain type of life activity of an individual, as well as to point out its medical and biological meaning.

The practical significance of the work - it can be used as material for lectures, conversations, and so serve as a specific guide to action for those who decide to improve the quality of life.

INTRODUCTION

The national strategy for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2020 defines that “the strategic goal in the field of improving health is to create a state mechanism to support a healthy lifestyle, create a high demand for personal health, and create prerequisites for its satisfaction.”

The life and health of our people should become priority values in the public mind, in the strategy and tactics of the state social and economic policy.

In his report at a permanent seminar of senior officials of republican and local state bodies on improving ideological work back in 2005, the President of our country said - “The life and health of our people should become priority values in the public mind, in the strategy and tactics of the state socio-economic politicians".

“The main task of our state in this direction, he stressed, is that the creation of a conscious need among its citizens treats their health as a value. Health needs to be tempered and preserved.

However, practice shows that without the active and conscious participation of every citizen in this process, it is impossible to solve the national task of promoting health and improving the quality of life. Currently, the opinion that the improvement of the health status of the population is mainly due not to medical interventions, but depends on the quality of life and is ensured through the lifestyle that this or that individual leads, is being recognized.

It has been established that more than 70% of the factors affecting the state of health of the population are manageable, i.e. depend on the state and behavior of the person himself.

CHAPTER 1 LIFESTYLE AS A CERTAIN TYPE OF LIFE

Lifestyle - a certain type of people's life, which includes a combination of various activities, people's behavior in everyday life.

Living conditions - the conditions that determine the way of life. They can be tangible and intangible (work, life, family relations, education, food, etc.).

The standard of living (well-being) characterizes the size and structure of needs. These are quantitative indicators of living conditions. The standard of living is determined by the size of the gross product, national income, real incomes of the population, provision of housing, medical care, and indicators of the health of the population.

Way of life - the order, regulations of work, life, social life, within which people live.

Lifestyle - individual characteristics of behavior in everyday life.

The quality of life is the quality of the conditions in which the daily life of people is carried out (the quality of living conditions, nutrition, education, medical care).

In defining the concept of a healthy lifestyle, it is necessary to take into account two starting factors - the genetic nature of a given person and its compliance with specific conditions of life.

The task of the social worker is ultimately to help the client restore or improve the interaction between him and society in order to improve the client's quality of life.

The relevance of a healthy lifestyle is caused by an increase and a change in the nature of stress on the human body due to the complication of social life, an increase in man-made, environmental, psychological, political and military risks that provoke negative changes in health.

Diseases of a person are mostly caused by his way of life and everyday behavior. Currently, a healthy lifestyle is considered as the basis for the prevention of diseases and premature deaths, increasing life expectancy.

A healthy lifestyle should correspond to the genetic program inherent in a person. This is necessary both for the harmonious coexistence of man with nature, and for the maximum development of health potential. The genetic program of a person determines his constitution (morphofunctional type, predominant types of nervous and mental reactions), the norm of biological reactions and, therefore, predetermines the presence or absence of various diseases.

In addition to genetic factors, lifestyle is also influenced by age, gender, education, intelligence, profession, working conditions, upbringing, family traditions and foundations, material well-being, living conditions, personal motivations.

An active carrier of a healthy lifestyle is a specific person as a subject and object of his life and social status. In the implementation of a healthy lifestyle, a person acts in the unity of his biological and social principles. The formation of a healthy lifestyle is based on a person's personal motivational attitude to the realization of his social, physical, intellectual and mental capabilities and abilities.

Knowledge about a healthy lifestyle is designed to improve human life, maximize the best in the gene pool and smooth out the effect of harmful genes, develop and build relationships with the outside world as harmoniously as possible.

It is important to understand that each person is able to change the environment of his habitat within his home, workplace, choosing the right places for recreation, thereby reducing the possible harmful effects of the environment. A healthy lifestyle gives greater freedom and power over one's own life, making it more fruitful, high-quality and long lasting. To achieve this, a person must first of all become the bearer of the idea of health as the main life priority - this problem is the most important task of applying social technologies in this area.

The next step should be the formation of a certain organization of human self-awareness, focused on understanding the role and place of various means, methods and forms of a healthy lifestyle, as well as the ability to apply them in one's life. In this process, the approaches of mass medicine, which are characterized by universal, uniform norms and recommendations, are unacceptable. The basis of valeological culture is the conscious and desired transfer of the value of health (one's own and the public's) and care for the environment into a number of life priorities.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle is carried out thanks to information coming from outside, through lifestyle correction, thanks to feedback, analysis of one's own feelings, well-being and the dynamics of objective morphofunctional indicators, their correlation with the valeological knowledge he has. The formation of a healthy lifestyle is an extremely long process and can last a lifetime.

Feedback from the changes occurring in the body as a result of following a healthy lifestyle does not occur immediately, sometimes it is expected for years. That is why often people "try" only the transition, but, not getting a quick result, they return to the old way of life. This is not surprising, since a healthy lifestyle involves the rejection of many pleasant living conditions that have become habitual (overeating, comfort, alcohol, smoking, etc.) and, conversely, constant and regular heavy loads for a person who is not adapted to them and strict regulation lifestyle. In the first period of transition to a healthy lifestyle, when a person constantly experiences a lack of knowledge, it is especially important to support a person in his desire to provide him with the necessary consultations, point out positive changes in his health, in functional indicators, correct mistakes, thereby maintaining motivation.

It is especially important to focus on a healthy lifestyle for children, which is a prerequisite for a healthy start for future families capable of giving birth, raising and educating subsequent generations of people with a more perfect gene pool and with a stable system of healthy needs. It is clear that it is possible to form real motivations for a healthy lifestyle only from childhood. And the results will be better than in cases where a load of diseases and pathological conditions has already been accumulated. Naturally, only professionals should be allowed to work with children and adolescents. Particular care should be taken in matters of sex education and the prevention of chemical addictions.

When using social technologies for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, it is necessary to take into account the age characteristics of the individual. For example, children and adolescents should first be explained the need for positive attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent various deviations, while adults are willing to read literature and listen to lectures on health and rational behavior in order to preserve it, they accept information regarding hygiene and proper nutrition. And, conversely, those who are more passive and lead a sedentary lifestyle, much earlier than others, there is a gradual destruction of the body and the depletion of physical and intellectual forces.

Components of a healthy lifestyle:

balanced diet;

optimal driving mode;

rational mode of life;

immunity training and hardening;

compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;

compliance with the norms and rules of mental hygiene;

sexual culture, rational family planning;

prevention of auto-aggression;

control over their own health.

In order to form a healthy lifestyle, various social technologies are used to work both with various categories of clients and with employees of social protection institutions. When working with a team of specialists, it is also necessary to use the entire wide range of measures to prevent infectious diseases, stressful and conflict situations, physical inactivity, the destructive effects of noise, vibration, aggressive environment and other adverse biological and social factors. Such measures include hardening, auto-training, health-improving swimming, bioinformatic correction (BOS-training), health-improving physiotherapeutic procedures, herbal medicine, oxygen cocktail, training on simulators, elements of therapeutic physical culture and massage, acupuncture, breathing exercises, the use of which stimulates adaptation reserves person, contributes to the optimal regulation of personal health resources.

CHAPTER 2 MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MEANING OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

To date, the most complete definition of health from a social standpoint is that proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO): "Health is a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease and infirmity."

The medical and biological meaning of a healthy lifestyle lies in the adaptive capabilities of a person. In this understanding of a healthy lifestyle, the concepts most often invest:

education from early childhood healthy habits and skills;

safe and favorable environment for living;

knowledge about the impact of surrounding objects on health;

giving up bad habits (smoking, drug use, alcohol abuse);

moderate nutrition that meets physiological needs

informed choice of products;

physically active life, including special exercises (for example, fitness);

compliance with the rules of personal and public hygiene;

first aid skills;

hardening.

All components of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) are interconnected. The physiological state of a person is greatly influenced by his psycho-emotional state, which, in turn, depends on his mental attitudes. Therefore, separately in the biomedical theories of a healthy lifestyle, the following block of components is distinguished:

emotional well-being: mental hygiene, the ability to cope with one's own emotions;

intellectual well-being: the ability of a person to learn and use new information for optimal action in new circumstances;

spiritual well-being: the ability to set and strive for truly meaningful, constructive life goals, optimism.

Some researchers add to this list social well-being - the ability to interact with other people. The formation of a healthy lifestyle, according to some authors, is carried out at three levels:

social: propaganda through the media, outreach;

infrastructural: specific conditions in the main areas of life (availability of free time, material resources), preventive institutions, environmental control;

personal: a system of value orientations of a person, standardization of everyday life.

In the Republic of Belarus, the problems of the social level of healthy lifestyles are dealt with by such services for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, such as republican, regional, city and district health centers, medical and physical education dispensaries, cosmetology clinics, and cabinets for promoting a healthy lifestyle. Scientific and methodological support is provided by the All-Russian Research Center for Preventive Medicine.

Subjectively, a person who leads a healthy lifestyle can feel changes in his condition, which will be a reward for his efforts: endurance may increase, work capacity may increase, colds may occur less often, mood and well-being will improve.

Each person's path to a healthy lifestyle is unique, but the end result is always important. The effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle can be assessed by a number of biosocial criteria:

) assessment of morphological and functional indicators of health (the level of physical development, fitness and adaptability);

) assessing the state of immunity (the number of colds and infectious diseases during a certain period; the number of exacerbations of chronic diseases);

) assessment of adaptation to socio-economic conditions of life, such as:

efficiency of professional activity;

activity in the performance of family and household duties;

breadth and degree of manifestation of social and personal interests.

) Assessment of the level of valeological indicators:

the degree of formation of the installation on a healthy lifestyle;

the level of valeological knowledge;

the level of assimilation of practical knowledge and skills related to the maintenance and promotion of health;

the ability to independently build an individual health trajectory and a healthy lifestyle program.

It is possible to propose the following classification of the assessment of the parameters of the assessment of healthy lifestyle:

optimal motor mode;

fitness and adaptability to physical activity;

reserve of the thermoregulation system;

protective reserve of immunity;

balance of the psychological state;

harmony of family and business relations;

rationality of nutrition;

sufficient personal hygiene;

lack of bad habits;

valeological self-education

strength and stability of motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle.

Adaptive physical culture is recognized as one of the popular social technologies, and there are several different types of it: healthy life biosocial

adaptive physical education in order to give the basic foundations of physical education;

adaptive motor recreation, designed to organize healthy leisure, outdoor activities, games, communication;

adaptive sports aimed at improving and implementing physical, mental, emotional and volitional abilities;

adaptive motor rehabilitation, aimed at the use of natural means and methods that stimulate the fastest recovery of the body.

The main task is to form in those involved a conscious attitude to their strengths, a strong confidence in them, a conscious attitude to the implementation of the necessary physical activity, as well as the need for systematic physical exercises and the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

In addition, the system of social protection of the population uses technologies aimed at increasing the level of safety of everyday life of the elderly, the disabled and other vulnerable segments of the population and includes the main issues related to the life of people with limited mobility in modern society. Classes with clients are practice-oriented and are aimed at:

to study and master the basics of a healthy lifestyle that ensures a full-fledged safe existence and the realization of the abilities and needs of the individual in everyday life;

familiarization with the types of dangers that threaten a person in modern everyday life, actions in dangerous and emergency situations of a natural, social and man-made nature; studying and mastering the methods and techniques of protection to minimize the possible damage to the individual and society in dangerous and emergency situations, reduce individual risks;

developing the ability to analyze situations and make safe decisions in everyday life;

formation of an idea of the ecological, socio-cultural, economic features of modern society as an environment of direct life and participation in it in the process of self-affirmation and self-realization;

formation of the ability to choose moral and psychological attitudes in dangerous and emergency situations;

the formation of a respectful, responsible attitude towards one's own safety and the safety of those around them, the skills of interaction, cooperation necessary to resolve and prevent dangerous and emergency situations, awareness of the priority of safety in all spheres of human life.

More and more popular in our country are technologies such as “Walking with a Scandinavian step” and “Roads of health on a bicycle”.

The technology "Walking with a Scandinavian step" was based on the popularization and implementation of Nordic walking with ski poles, this type of exercise can take place in the fresh air, does not require special physical training, has a beneficial effect on the state of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and lungs, group and individual lessons at any time of the year.

"Roads of Health on a Bicycle" is a rehabilitation technique for which an adult tricycle is used. A person, despite his disability, confidently sits in the saddle, trains all muscle groups, saturates the blood with oxygen, exercising individually or in a group, he gains self-confidence, increases emotional tone.

The formation of attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle is facilitated by sports games both in their classical incarnation and according to simplified rules. Mastering the elements of sports games contributes to the development of movement skills, their psychological impact facilitates the compensation of physical, mental and social changes in the personality, normalizing social significance, increasing psychological stability in a limited time - this is a wonderful means of expanding the communicative space and increasing human motor activity. Moreover, even passive participation in sports and recreational activities contributes to active leisure, distracts from problems, care for the disease, leads to recovery, contributes to the normalization of the psycho-emotional state.

CONCLUSION

A healthy lifestyle is the most effective means and method of ensuring health, primary prevention of disease and meeting the vital need for health.

The program and organization of a healthy lifestyle for a given person is determined by the following basic assumptions:

individual typological hereditary factors;

objective social conditions and socio-economic factors;

specific living conditions in which family and household and professional activities are carried out;

personal motivational factors determined by the worldview and culture of a person, the degree of their orientation towards health and a healthy lifestyle.

Health monitoring is carried out with the help of some indicators that have a specific quantitative expression. For example, the main indicators of homeostasis, indicators of body reserves under directed loads.

A healthy lifestyle is the implementation of a set of actions in all major areas of human life: labor, social, family, household, leisure.

It is beneficial for the state and society to promote a healthy lifestyle, because as a result of it:

morbidity is reduced and the costs of treatment and payments to the disabled are reduced;

the social activity of people and the ability to productive work increase and, consequently, the incomes of citizens, which are a source of taxes for the state, increase;

family relationships improve;

the prevalence of especially dangerous bad habits is decreasing;

the psychological climate in society improves.

Summing up the data on the effectiveness of the transition to a healthy lifestyle, we can assume that it:

positively and effectively reduces or eliminates the impact of risk factors, morbidity and, as a result, reduces the cost of treatment;

contributes to the fact that human life becomes healthier and more durable;

ensures good family relationships, health and happiness of children;

is the basis for the realization of a person's need for self-actualization and self-realization, provides high social activity and social success;

causes high working capacity of the body, reduced fatigue at work, high labor productivity and, on this basis, high material wealth;

allows you to give up bad habits, rationally organize and distribute the time budget with the obligatory use of means and methods of active recreation;

provides cheerfulness, good mood and optimism.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

National Strategy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2020. // National Commission for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Belarus; Editorial Board: Ya.M. Aleksandrovich and others - Minsk, Unipack.

Lukashenko A.G. State for the people // Report of the President at the third All-Belarusian People's Assembly. - Minsk, 2006

Lukashenko A.G. A strong and prosperous Belarus must have a solid ideological foundation // Report of the President at a permanent seminar of senior officials of republican and local government bodies on improving ideological work. - Minsk, 2005

Lukashenko A.G. The health of the nation is the highest value of the state // Speech by the President of the Republic of Belarus at the First Congress of Doctors.

The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus of 1994 (with amendments and additions adopted at the republican referenda on November 24, 1996 and October 17, 2004).

Health-21. Policy framework for health for all in the European Region. European Health for All Series. WHO. Eurobureau. 1999. No. 6.

Rostovtsev V.N., Vinokurova S.P. Culture of health: structure and formation. Healthcare. 2001.№4.

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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: fruitful work, a rational mode of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

Any educational institution should become a "school of a healthy lifestyle" for students, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating and physical activity, etc.) will be of a health-improving and pedagogical orientation and contribute to the education of children's habits, and then and needs for a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding the maintenance and strengthening of their health.

Classes of a health-improving and pedagogical nature should be systematic and comprehensive, evoke positive emotional reactions in the child, and, if possible, contain elements of a didactic game and motor exercises. In addition, the materials of such classes should be reflected in all regime moments of the educational process of the school (training sessions, daily routine, physical education lessons, exercise therapy, rhythm, educational activities, extracurricular and extracurricular activities). In order to preserve the health of the child, it is necessary to unite the efforts of all adults surrounding him (parents, teachers, educators, doctors, etc.) in order to create an atmosphere around him filled with the needs, traditions and habits of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, a certain culture of behavior and an appropriate lifestyle is formed from an early age.

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Department of Education of the Mariinsky District

Municipal educational institution

"Primary comprehensive school No. 4"

Mariinsk, st. Working, 12, tel. 5-28-66

Fostering a Healthy Lifestyle

Zarutskaya Tatyana Petrovna,

primary school teacher,

Deputy Director for SD

Mariinsk st. Kotovsky 10-13

8-960-902-43-00

Mariinsk

2011

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………3

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE.

1.1. The concept of health, the main factors of a healthy lifestyle ... ..5

1.1. Formation of a culture of a healthy lifestyle……………......................9

CHAPTER II. EDUCATION OF HLS IN EXTRA CLASS WORK WITH YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN.

2.1. The concept of educational work of a healthy lifestyle…………15

2.2. ………….17

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………......21

Bibliography………………………………………………………..22

Appendix ……………………………………………………………….24

Introduction

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. There are different approaches to the definition of a "healthy lifestyle". V. V. Markov considers a healthy lifestyle as human behavior, which reflects a certain life position aimed at maintaining and strengthening health, and based on the implementation of norms, rules and requirements of personal and public hygiene (1, p. 10).

With this in mind, it is more adequate for modern conditions to define health as a “degree of approximation” to full health, which allows a person to successfully perform social functions. The definition was given in relation to the health of schoolchildren, for whom the main social function is educational activity.

Important in this and other definitions of health is the attitude towards it as a dynamic process, which allows the possibility of purposefully managing it.

The main means of realizing this task is the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture (HLS).

Lifestyle refers to socio-biological factors, the components of which are the triad of indicators: the level, quality and style of life.

The lifestyle is formed on the basis of the psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of the individual's behavior. It follows from the foregoing that the health-improving and pedagogical impact on the life style of schoolchildren remains the universal mechanism for the formation of healthy lifestyle skills, since the level and quality of life of each child is determined by the material capabilities of his family.

That is why any general educational institution should become a “school of a healthy lifestyle” for students, where any of their activities (educational, sports, leisure, as well as eating and physical activity, etc.) will be of a health-improving and pedagogical orientation and contribute to the education of children's habits, and then the needs for a healthy lifestyle, the formation of skills for making independent decisions regarding the maintenance and strengthening of one's health.

Object of study: the process of forming a culture and traditions of a healthy lifestyle among students.

Subject of study: extra-curricular work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Purpose of the study: Explore extracurricular activities on healthy lifestyles.

2. Study the psychological and pedagogical literature on the topic.

3. Reveal the motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE

The concept of health, the main factors of a healthy lifestyle

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”.

Based on this definition, the following components of health are distinguished:

mental health is a person's ability to adequately respond to external and internal stimuli, the ability to balance himself with the environment;

· social health - a measure of social activity, active attitude of the human individual to the world;

Physical health is a state in which a person has perfect self-regulation of body functions, harmony of physiological processes and maximum adaptation to various environmental factors.

Human health cannot be reduced only to a statement of the absence of diseases, malaise, discomfort, it is a state that allows a person to lead a life unrestricted in his freedom, to fully perform the functions inherent in a person, to lead a healthy lifestyle, i.e. experience mental, physical and social well-being.

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: fruitful work, a rational mode of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

Productive work is an important element of a healthy lifestyle. Human health is influenced by biological and social factors, the main of which is work.

A rational regime of work and rest is a necessary element of a healthy lifestyle. With a correct and strictly observed regimen, a clear and necessary rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and rest, and thereby contributes to strengthening health, improving working capacity and increasing labor productivity.

The next link in a healthy lifestyle is the eradication of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). These violators of health are the cause of many diseases, drastically reduce life expectancy, reduce efficiency, adversely affect the health of the younger generation and the health of future children.

The next component of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. When talking about it, one should remember two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health.

The first law is the balance of received and consumed energy. If the body receives more energy than it consumes, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for the normal development of a person, for work and well-being, we become fat. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a number of other ailments.

The second law is the correspondence of the chemical composition of the diet to the physiological needs of the body for nutrients. Nutrition should be varied and meet the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable, since they are not formed in the body, but come only with food. The absence of even one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to illness and even death. We get B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the source of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish oil, and liver.

After all, any deviation from the laws of rational nutrition leads to a violation of health. The human body consumes energy not only during physical activity (during work, sports, etc.), but also in a state of relative rest (during sleep, lying down), when energy is used to maintain the physiological functions of the body - maintaining a constant body temperature . It has been established that a healthy middle-aged person with normal body weight consumes 7 kilocalories per hour for every kilogram of body weight.

The first rule in any natural diet should be: - Eat only when you feel hungry.

It is very important to have free time to digest food. The notion that exercising after eating aids in digestion is a gross mistake.

Meals should consist of mixed foods that are sources of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

Rational nutrition ensures proper growth and formation of the body, contributes to maintaining health, high performance and prolonging life.

It is known that the state of human health depends on lifestyle (up to 70%), heredity (15%), environment (8-10%), medicine (8-10%).

A number of researchers highlight the determinants of health - many factors that determine human health. They can be classified into the following groups.

1. Biological factors (in particular genetic).

2. Physical environment (environmental factors).

3. Social environment (environment in which children grow up, living conditions from an early age, health education).

4. Individual lifestyle (exclusion of negative influences, for example, smoking and alcohol consumption, adequate nutrition, personal hygiene, physical education, work and rest schedule, etc.)

5. Health service.

There are a number of factors that affect health.

1. Individual health potential of a person (immunity, nutritional status, self-awareness, positive attitude towards one's health, adequate knowledge, ability to withstand stress, emotional stability, physical fitness, self-protection ability).

2. Behavior (study or work and recreation, habits, food, drink, mobility, attitude to society, stress, stimulants).

3. Socio-cultural system (family, neighbors, place of study or work, leisure environment, media, health services).

4. Socio-economic and political conditions (material resources, income, social security, education).

5. Physical and biological environment (nature, climate, housing, workplace, communication, transport, water, waste, food, goods).

Thus, the health of each person to a greater extent depends on his environment and personal behavior in relation to his health, i.e. from lifestyle.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle culture in children

A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is typical and essential for a given socio-economic formation of types, types, ways of human life, strengthening the adaptive capabilities of his body, contributing to the full performance of social functions and fairly active longevity.

There are several concepts of HLS. N.A. Abaskalova believes that the ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle depends on:

1. gender, age and health status

2. living conditions (climate, housing)

3. economic conditions (food, clothing, work, rest).

4. the presence of good habits (hygiene, hardening)

5. lack of bad habits (smoking, drinking, sedentary lifestyle, etc.).

Thus, we can conclude that the health of a person who does not suffer from congenital or acquired diseases must first of all be protected and strengthened. The health of a person with ailments needs to be corrected.

There are many healthy lifestyle programs that include various components, the main ones are:

1. Rational nutrition.

Food should cover the body's energy costs, be complete in chemical composition and contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates (1-1-4), vitamins, mineral salts and trace elements, be chemically harmless and safe in terms of bacterial composition.

2. Optimal physical activity for the body.

The role of motor activity in determining human health has been known for a long time. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato considered movement to be "the healing part of medicine." The great Russian writer L. N. Tolstoy wrote “You must certainly shake yourself up physically in order to be morally healthy.”

3. Compliance with the daily routine (taking into account individual biorhythms).

The regime is based on a “dynamic stereotype”, i.e. regularly repeated activity, but not inert, monotonous, but dynamic, changing depending on the influence of the environment. This contributes to the development of the child's good adaptation to changing conditions. Be sure to perform only the main components of the daily routine (waking up and falling asleep, eating, walking). Other activities of children can be changed in time and duration. And if, in addition, the regimen is based on the characteristics of the individual “biorhythmological portrait” of the child, the systems of his body will be in better conditions for functioning.

4. Prevention of bad habits (or rejection of them) and the formation of good habits.

Good habits and hygiene habits are better fixed when they are realized. As for bad habits, the basis of their acquisition and getting rid of them is the will.

5. Increasing psycho-emotional stability.

Especially dangerous for health are not active emotions, but passive ones - despair, anxiety, timidity, depression. In humans, these emotions often acquire a social connotation of guilt, regret, remorse.

The physical setting of our body, as well as the mental attitude towards the world around us, is entirely a matter of education, the result of those examples that the child sees and hears from adults.

That is why one of the components of health is considered positive thinking. Positive thinking is not an innate quality, it is achieved by hard training. It is important to teach a child to rejoice even in his small victory, and even more in someone else's luck.

6. "Meaningful life" (meaning of life).

It is directly related to health. Everything else - food, movement, and hygiene makes sense, only when a person has something to get out of bed every morning, if there is a task that no one else can do except him or better than him, there is an interest in the world, there is love at least for something.

Recently, valeological culture has been singled out as part of the general human culture - the socio-psychological activity of the individual, aimed at strengthening and maintaining health, mastering the norms, principles, traditions of a healthy lifestyle, turning them into the inner wealth of the individual.

Based on this, it is necessary to change the attitude of people towards a healthy lifestyle based on the formation of traditions and value motivations.

The creation of healthy lifestyle traditions is what should underlie valeological work in educational institutions, and what should be strived for in the end.

Around children from early childhood, it is necessary to create such an educational environment that would be saturated with attributes, symbols, terminology, knowledge, rituals and customs of a valueological nature. This will lead to the formation of the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, to the conscious protection of one's own health and the health of those around them, to mastering the practical skills and abilities necessary for this.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle culture is the main lever of primary prevention in improving the health of the population through changing the style and way of life, its improvement using hygiene knowledge in the fight against bad habits, physical inactivity and overcoming adverse aspects associated with life situations.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that a person’s lifestyle does not develop on its own depending on the circumstances, but is formed purposefully and constantly throughout life.

You can't force anyone to be healthy. L. N. Tolstoy wrote “The demands of people who smoke, drink, overeat, do not work, turn night into day, that the doctor makes them healthy, despite their unhealthy lifestyle, are ridiculous.”

The main obstacle to the spread of healthy lifestyles is the psyche of people, which resists restrictions and stresses until there is a real need. He says: “The mode of restrictions and loads - that's what I call a lifestyle that ensures health. Loads are needed so that reserves do not fade from detraining. It is necessary to streamline the image of our rapidly flowing life, otherwise the regulatory systems (nervous and endocrine) will not cope with the ever-increasing loads.

Motivations that underlie the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

1.SELF PRESERVATION. When a person knows that this or that action directly threatens life, he does not perform this action.

The wording of the motivation "I do not perform certain actions, as they threaten my health and life."

2. SUBMISSION TO ETHNO-CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS. A person lives in a society that for a long time selected useful habits, skills, developed a system of protection from adverse environmental factors.

The wording of motivation “I will obey the ethno-cultural requirements because I want to be an equal member of the society in which I live. The health and well-being of others depends on my healthy lifestyle.”

3. PLEASURE FROM SELF-IMPROVEMENT.

Motivation statement "Feeling healthy brings me joy, so I do everything to experience this feeling."

4. OPPORTUNITY FOR SELF-IMPROVEMENT.

The wording of motivation “If I am healthy, I can climb to a higher rung of the social ladder.”

5. ACHIEVING THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE COMFORT.

The wording of the motivation "I am healthy, I am not bothered by physical and mental inconvenience."

Children under the age of eleven are very gullible and suggestible. If a child is constantly frightened by diseases and misfortunes, then we will not develop in him the desire to be healthy, but we will cause a constant fear of illness. The child must grow up with the knowledge that the accumulation of health depends on his skills in the field of hygiene and sanitation. Children are owners, and in this situation, this not the best human trait must be turned to good. A child can develop protective stereotypes, fixed through having fun. “I know where and how to cross the street, I do it consciously, on my own, and it gives me pleasure,” this kind of reasoning speeds up learning and benefits mental and physical health.

As already noted, the possibility of forming a healthy lifestyle culture depends on the needs of the child. The hierarchy of needs is huge. But what is very important for teachers and psychologists is that they do not exist, are isolated from each other, change and improve depending on the growth of the general culture of the child, his knowledge of reality and attitude towards it. Consequently, we can influence their formation and satisfaction, and hence the state and development of the student's health. But for this, optimal conditions must be created to ensure the general comfort of the participants in the educational process, especially positive moods among students. Such conditions can be created if the main attention is paid to satisfying one of the basic needs of the child in individual emotional and value support for the development of his personality, including in the course of educational and educational activities.

One of the leading principles of the humanistic educational system is a healthy lifestyle. Despite the difficulties of today, the school can and should play an active role in improving the health of children and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Thus, the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture is an incentive to include in the daily life of an individual various forms of behavior that are new to him and beneficial to health, change, or even completely abandon many habits that are unhealthy, mastery of knowledge, on the basis of which you can competently, safely and begin to lead a healthy lifestyle with health benefits, gradually ensuring that these daily forms of health promotion become habitual.

In addition to positive motivation regarding their health, the child should have basic knowledge about the body, health and possible ways to strengthen it. However, V.P. Petlenko admits that the child may have incomplete information about his actual and possible development, this is due to the prevention of iatrogenic and psychosomatic disorders. Further, V.P. Petlenko recommends demonstrating a well-known analogue (model) to the child during the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Ideally, for children, taking into account their constitutional features, gender and age, such models could be the norms of behavior and the state of health of parents, teachers, famous scientists and artists. Unfortunately, very often a child with an intellectual disability cannot find such models either in the family or in the media. That is why the school should become a “school of health” for such a child, where he can acquire the knowledge, practical skills and abilities necessary to maintain and strengthen his health.

As already noted, the introduction of a healthy lifestyle into the daily activities of people should be carried out on the basis of the formation of traditions.

Therefore, the main task in preserving and strengthening the health of children is the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture in them. The lifestyle of a person can be considered healthy if this person actively exists in a favorable psychophysical space, without showing aggressiveness in relation to himself and the space in dangerous forms.

It is possible to single out the main components of a healthy lifestyle (123, p. 10).

1. Rational nutrition.

2. Optimal physical activity for the body.

3. Compliance with the regime of the day (taking into account individual biorhythms).

4. Prevention of bad habits and formation of good habits.

5. Increasing psycho-emotional stability.

The ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle largely depends on the state of health of a person at a given time. The system of work implies the responsibility of the entire teaching staff for the level of physical development, health status and the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture for children and requires a scientific and methodological approach in the educational and pedagogical process.

CHAPTER II.HLS EDUCATION IN EXTRA-CLASS WORK WITH YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN

The concept of educational work

The educational activity of a teacher is self-sufficient, since it is guided not by scientific, but by traditional, worldly and professional experience. Self-sufficiency, i.e. the absence of the need for doubts, criticality and rethinking of educational material, appropriate actions with it, leads the teacher to the need for closed educational activities. It is closed because it represents ready-made samples of the educational content of events and orderly actions with them. They do not need to be pondered and supplemented with your understanding.

Such education does not require any scientific organization from the teacher. It is enough to take the scenario of the event and distribute those responsible for its implementation. To do this, the teacher does not have to have any scientific knowledge - depending on the educational needs, he uses this or that form of education - imposes it on the situation and expects the result. As a rule, this is the need to correct or change something. There is a need to change the quality of discipline, depending on the behavior of an individual student or a group of students - purposeful educational work is carried out: individual (collective) conversation, meeting with parents, analysis of behavior in the classroom. All this is accompanied by the use of traditional methods of education: exhortation, shame, persuasion, threats, coercion, punishment.

The main problem of modern pedagogy is the teacher's understanding of the meaning of open education. Being the main indicator of humanistic education, its openness is understood by teachers as accessibility, access to an ever-increasing amount of information. But the phenomenon of openness is much broader and deeper. This is due to the emergence of new social concepts, in particular, an open type society. Such a society has not yet been created, however, its models act as the conditions closest to the humanistic ideal for the survival and successful existence of mankind in the 21st century. It cannot be argued that a working model of education corresponding to the humanistic ideal has been created. At the same time, there are already prototypes of such upbringing that are successfully working in Russian schools and have its main synergistic features.

A modern teacher needs to know the signs of both closed and open education, since the latter present the main characteristics that unite all groups of concepts of humanistic pedagogy in action.

Thus, the meaning of not only all the concepts of pedagogy changes, but also the meaning of the educational activity of the teacher, who forms the personality of the student in the new conditions.

Upbringing (from the ancient Russian. Uptake - sublime, spiritual nutrition of a person, associated with the ability to extract the hidden) - an activity for the development of the spiritual world of the individual, aimed at providing pedagogical support to her in self-formation of her moral image. Education can also be considered as a process of self-organization of the individual by means of his internal resources, requiring a certain external initiation.

Considering the above definition from the standpoint of traditional pedagogy, it could be attributed (with some degree of conventionality) to education in the narrow sense. As a rule, such an understanding of education is associated with the basic concepts of closed education: purposeful activity, influence, the formation of qualities and beliefs, the transfer of social experience. These concepts describe traditional pedagogical activities in which the student's personality acts as an object manipulated by the teacher.

Education is designed to promote the formation and manifestation of such personal functions that embody the creative qualities of a person. It will achieve its humane goal if conditions are created, an environment in which a creative person could develop.

The new upbringing, growing on traditional soil, but referring to man and the human, presupposes the inseparability and interconnection of personal and social creativity, responding to the general logic of conformity to nature and culture. It is important to help a person master the techniques of creation by creating favorable conditions for this, situations that require internal struggle and overcoming. First of all, the struggle with one's own shortcomings, overcoming doubts about oneself and one's abilities.

Healthy lifestyle program

Educational work on the formation of a healthy lifestylein extracurricular activities includes :

The program of continuous environmental education and upbringing aimed at the formation of the value of health and a healthy lifestyle;

Lectures, talks, consultations on the problems of maintaining and strengthening health, prevention of bad habits;

Days of health, contests, holidays.

Organization of educational work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle

The program of continuous environmental education and upbringing of students, aimed at changing the attitude of students to nature, the formation of environmental awareness, environmentally justified behavior in nature. The inclusion of students in the system of environmental education and upbringing, the optimal combination of theoretical knowledge and practical actions contributes to the formation of moral, physical, mental and somatic health. After all, nature is the objective environment in which the formation of man takes place.

Comprehensive ecologization of all types of activities of participants in the pedagogical process involves:

active inclusion of environmental knowledge in educational work;
diagnostics of the level of formation of the culture of health saving of students;
organization of a variety of activities for a healthy lifestyle;
education in children of the need for constant communication with nature, the use of its health-saving potential.

Educational and preventive work to preserve and strengthen the health of students is aimed at forming a worldview among students based on an awareness of the values and health of their own and those around them.

Among the main tasks we solve are the following:

fostering a culture of health among students;
their awareness of the need to develop existing personal resources that contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle;
prevention of bad habits, informing about the causes and forms of diseases associated with them; about the relationship of substance abuse and other forms of self-destructive behavior with personality traits, communication, social environment, stress and ways to overcome them.

The solution of these and other tasks in this direction is provided by the comprehensive-targeted program "Health", aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle for all participants in the pedagogical process.

It is well known that the majority of adult illnesses are rooted in childhood, and this determines the special role of the school in educating the health culture of students. The culture of health is, first of all, the ability to live without harming one's health and the health of others. One of the components of a health culture is a healthy lifestyle.

Education of a culture of health in our institution involves not only the assimilation of useful knowledge, but also the development of students' motivational and value attitudes for leading a healthy lifestyle, the formation of their own strategies and technologies that allow them to maintain and strengthen health.

Educational work to protect the health of children is carried out in the following areas:

The work of class teachers on the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle
The formation of skills and abilities of a healthy lifestyle, we begin from the primary school.
Much attention is paid to instilling a healthy lifestyle in schoolchildren in extracurricular activities.
Class teachers work with children using elements of the Step by Step technology. The main task of this direction is the interaction between the family and the school.

At the end of the school year in the primary grades, a health holiday is needed, at which students will be awarded in various categories:

never sick;
performing daily routine;
not violating the rules of safe behavior;
having correct posture.

The purpose of teaching students is to develop their social and life skills that ensure physical and mental health, an active active life and longevity.

In the system of educational work of the school, in order to prevent bad habits among schoolchildren, to inform about the causes and forms of diseases associated with them, parent-teacher meetings are held with the invitation of a narcologist Fedorovich A.F. on the topic "Bad habits - prevention at an early age", lessons in the name of life "Let's join hands, friends."

Extra-curricular work is defined by teachers as the activity that is performed outside of school hours and based on the interest and initiative of students. When determining the content of extracurricular activities, it is necessary to proceed from such principles as connection with life, with problems that the country, region, district solves; compliance of the content of extracurricular work with the age of students, the characteristics of their mental development and interests.

The role of extracurricular work is great in introducing schoolchildren to independent work, which they can carry out in accordance with the rate of assimilation that is more characteristic of them, which makes the process of personality formation more productive.

A variety of student activities are implemented in all types of extracurricular activities: individual, group, mass.

Various types of extracurricular activities complement each other, enriching the process of teaching and educating schoolchildren.

An example of an extracurricular activity to increase the level of a healthy lifestyle (Appendix).

Conclusion

Human health depends on lifestyle (up to 70%), heredity (15%), environment (8 - 10%), medicine (8 - 10%). Consequently, the main task in preserving and strengthening the health of children is the formation of a healthy lifestyle culture in them, which is in the competence of pedagogical workers.

The creation of the “Health” information environment around the child, which not only directly, but also indirectly affects the formation of his worldview, the acquisition of knowledge, on the basis of which it is possible to competently, safely and beneficially interact with the world around him, gradually leads to the fact that existing ways to improve health become habitual and develop into a need. Based on the acquired knowledge and experience, children develop independent beliefs regarding the preservation of their health. All this leads to the formation of a valeological culture, as part of the culture of the individual as a whole. This process will be more effective if it is based on the creation and accumulation of healthy lifestyle traditions.

It is known that the effectiveness of teaching children largely depends on the state of health of both teachers and schoolchildren, the presence of which allows a person to be creatively active, independent, efficient. Among the various causes that adversely affect the health of schoolchildren, social vices that cripple the physical and mental health of people should be highlighted: drug addiction, alcoholism; environmental and genetic factors, as well as a sedentary lifestyle.

It is important to remember the impact of the school on the health of students, its ability to organize the quality development, upbringing and education of children without compromising their health. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the educational process in such a way that the formation of a culture of students' health, spirituality, and morality becomes a priority in it.

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Appendix

Extracurricular work. Class hour "Health is the main wealth of a person"

Goals: creation and presentation of the project on the topic: "My health".

Tasks:

the formation of students' correct idea of health, a healthy lifestyle;
learning to independently acquire knowledge using research methods;
development of the ability to present the results of their own and joint activities;
fostering a caring attitude towards one's health, the health of others.

Conduct form:presentation of projects.

Pedagogical technologies:

cooperation technology;
information and educational health-saving technology;
project method.

Equipment:

posters;
illustrations;
health flower;
drawings of children.

Preparatory work: students are divided into groups, select material on their topic, draw illustrations, independently work with literature, conduct research, create memos.

During the classes:

We are vulnerable in the morning, someone strange looked into my window, appeared in the palm of my hand

Bright red spot. This sun peeped in, as if stretching out a hand, a thin ray of gold. And as the first best friend said hello to me!

The sun meets each of us with warmth and a smile. Gives everyone a good mood. And I want to wish you that every day brings you only joy.

Guys, what does a person need to always be in a good mood, in good shape?

Health is the greatest wealth and should be protected. If there is no health, there is no happiness, no mood, but not everyone remembers this. As long as you are healthy, it seems that it will always be so ...

Today, in the lesson, we will talk about how to behave in order to maintain health.

The theme of the class hour: "Health is the main wealth of a person."

We all remember the fairy tale by Valentin Kataev "Flower-Semitsvetik". It told about how one day the Sorceress gave the girl Zhenya a flower with seven multi-colored petals.

It was worth tearing off one petal, throwing it up and saying the magic words, as soon as any desire was fulfilled. Zhenya spent as many as six petals. And so, when there was only one petal left, the girl wished that her familiar boy, Vitya, who had a pain in his leg, would recover. Vitya became healthy.

But the tale doesn't end there. Vitya did not just recover. He was sick for so long and he wanted so much to stay healthy and never get sick that he decided to grow his flower, the flower of health, and give it to all the children on the planet. Today in the lesson we will help the boy, create a model of a flower-health. Each petal is one direction that 7 groups worked on. The children studied a lot of literature, discovering new knowledge, conducted research, and parents, teachers, and specialists helped them in this. We worked under the motto: "Go ahead and don't give up!"

First group worked on the topic:"Daily regime". Our flower begins to bloom, the first petal appears.

A lot depends on how you plan your day. The guys will tell about what the daily routine of a schoolboy should be.

Student: Daily routine - this is the daily routine (translated from French means the established routine of life, work, food, rest, sleep).

Here is our daily routine:

Wake up: 6.30 am Need to get up early to make the bed.
Charger. Do not forget that charging should be done only in a well-ventilated room. After charging, you need to wash yourself at 7.00. First you need to thoroughly wash your hands with soap, then your face, ears, brush your teeth. Don't forget to comb your hair.
Breakfast: 7.20. For breakfast, you can eat cottage cheese or cheese, or yogurt. Bread with butter, jam. Tea or cocoa with milk. Fresh fruits (apple or banana).
Exit from home. The road from home to school is a morning walk in the fresh air.
We arrive in class 10-15 minutes before the bell.
At school we have breakfast again and get hot meals. After classes at 13.10 we go home.
Lunch at 13.30. Every day for lunch you need to eat vegetable dishes, meat or fish. After lunch - rest at 14.00. 1.5h-2h. You can sleep and read a book. You can also take a walk outside.
Then we start doing homework at 16.00.
We have prepared a reminder: "How to prepare lessons correctly."

Sleep at 21.00. Children 6-9 years old are recommended to sleep 10-11 hours.

To study well, do many important and interesting things, relax and grow up healthy - follow the daily routine!

Teacher: A wise man once said: "Man is what he eats." This is true, because how and what a person eats depends on his health. The second group worked on this hot topic. The children will tell us about proper nutrition. A second petal appears.

Performance of the 2nd group.

Student: It is important to eat not only enough, but also correctly. Our body should receive a variety of foods rich in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and minerals.

Squirrels - the main building material. All the processes necessary for the body are built from them. Proteins are indispensable in nutrition.

If the body does not receive proteins, this can lead to many diseases.

Carbohydrates is the fuel for energy production. Fats - for the formation of energy and heat. We need these beneficial nutrients to ensure that the body gets enough energy to move, for better brain function.

We need minerals for the growth of bones and teeth. They are involved in the work of the whole organism, saturating the blood, nerve and muscle tissues.

2nd student: The following nutrients make up a whole group.

These are vitamins . The word "vitamin" was coined by the American scientist Casimir Funk. He discovered that the substance "amine", contained in the shell of rice grains, is vital for people. Combining the Latin word Vita - "life" with "amine", the word "vitamin" was obtained. Berries, fruits and vegetables are the main sources of vitamins.

Teacher: Maintaining health is not easy, but you can lose it right away. Sport will help save it! Physical exercises develop the body, strengthen the muscles, heart and other organs, make you breathe deeper, absorb more oxygen, improve blood circulation, allow you to stay slim, save us from many diseases.

Student: Health is beauty! People knew about this even in Ancient China and India, in Ancient Greece. This is where gymnastics originated. And gymnastics makes the body healthy and beautiful.

Each person must take care of their own health. Therefore, we have prepared sets of exercises that will help you become strong, vigorous and healthy.

sets of exercises for morning exercises;
sets of exercises to correct posture;
sets of exercises for the eyes, visual gymnastics;
physical minutes.

2nd student: Now we will show you and perform one of the sets of exercises for morning exercises. (Show).

3rd student : Gymnastics for the eyes.

Exercise 1.

Close your eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds.
Open your eyes for 3-5 seconds. (do 6-8 times).

Exercise 2.

Fast blinking 1 - 2 min.

Exercise 3

Look straight into the distance for 2-3 seconds.
Place a finger along the midline of the face at a distance of 25-30 cm, look at the finger for 3-5 seconds.

To save your eyesight, you need to perform gymnastics for the eyes, as well as follow the rules.

Don't read lying down
Don't lean close while reading
Don't play with explosives
Don't watch TV for a long time
Do not play computer games for a long time.
Do eye exercises.

Have your eyes checked by a doctor every year. He can determine the earliest signs of the disease and start treatment on time. And if the doctor prescribed glasses for you, wear them, do not be shy. Glasses improve vision.

These exercises and rules will help you become healthy and always be beautiful.

Teacher: There are many people in our country whose age has exceeded one hundred years. Centenarians believe that there are secrets to longevity. The first secret is a hardened body. The second secret is a good character. The third secret is proper nutrition and daily routine. The fourth secret is daily physical labor. It is no coincidence that hardening is in the first place. The guys from the fourth group will tell us about this.

Student: There are two ways to harden the body: with the help of air baths and water procedures. You need to start hardening by airing the room. At school, we regularly air the office - this helps us to be cheerful, get sick less, and be hardened.

Everyone knows such lines from the song: “If you want to be healthy, harden yourself! .. “But hardening can be successful only if certain rules are observed.

The first rule is that hardening must be carried out systematically, that is, constantly.
Another rule is gradualness. Getting up early, at the same time, opening the window, you need to do exercises. After charging, start water procedures. You should start with a simple one - rubdown. To do this, wet a towel or sponge and rub all parts of the body in 2 minutes. Then wipe dry. Gradually lower the water temperature. After a month, you can go to douche or shower. The initial water temperature is 30 - 35 degrees. Then gradually lower it.

A very strong hardening agent is a contrast shower, when the water temperature continuously changes from hot to cold.

Start with a minimum temperature, gradually bringing it to a maximum.

2nd student : At the same time, it is necessary to gradually switch to lighter clothes, do not wrap up. Go in for sports, be outdoors more often.

Remember: the sun, air, and water are our most faithful friends!

Teacher: Everyone knows that cleanliness is the key to health. Uncleanliness is a disrespect not only for oneself, but also for the people around. The guys from the fifth group prepared their story about the observance of cleanliness and personal hygiene rules.

Student: People have known since ancient times that you need to keep your body clean. In ancient Rome, public baths were built. People came here to relax, get their bodies in order, use the services of a hairdresser and massage therapist, play sports and even read, as there was a library here.

Russian people also considered a bathhouse to be the best means for maintaining cleanliness and treatment, but their bathhouses were much different from the "Roman" ones. The hotter it was in the bath, the healthier it was considered. And when the steam was unbearable, they ran out into the street and immediately rushed into a pond or river. From such hardening, not a single disease could overcome a person. This tradition has been preserved to this day.

What personal hygiene rules do you know?

Wash hands before eating, water and soap destroy germs;

take proper care of your teeth, brush your teeth twice a day, change your toothbrush every 3-4 months;

wash at least once a week with hot water;

take care of nails and hair, nails should be cut with scissors once a week, hair should be combed daily, hair should be washed with shampoo at least once a week;

During and after water procedures, we use personal hygiene products. It is important to remember that these things should be different for everyone. Why do you think?

Because through these objects you can get infected.

And now this task:

Output: By following the rules of personal hygiene, we will maintain health for many years.

Teacher: An ancient Chinese proverb says: "A wise person prevents diseases, not cures them." Therefore, it is very important to lead a healthy lifestyle, because following the rules of a healthy lifestyle strengthens health, educates the will and character of a person.

Character is made up of habits. The guys from the sixth group prepared the material about what habits there are, which ones strengthen health, and which, on the contrary, lead to the destruction of the body.

Student: Tell me, what do you do out of habit?

What habits did you name, if they are designated in one word?

Useful habits.

Exercise, play sports, wash your face in the morning, brush your teeth, comb your hair, use a clean handkerchief, take care of your clothes, keep everything in order: each thing should have its own place, be careful with school and home property - all these are useful habits that help us stay healthy. But there are habits that are not enough to call bad, the name dangerous, bad habits is more suitable for them.

2nd student: Smoking is very harmful to health. Tobacco affects the heart, brain, lungs, kidneys and other organs of a person. Life becomes 15 minutes shorter after each cigarette smoked. But it is especially harmful for a growing organism, which weakens and develops poorly!

There is another, no less dangerous habit - alcoholism. Many adults suffer from wine, beer and other alcoholic beverages. A drinker's memory worsens, movement coordination is disturbed, the liver, stomach and other organs of the human body gradually begin to fail. For children, this harm is triple. There are cases when children died from alcohol or were seriously ill.

But the most terrible disease of our age is addiction.

It develops from the use of intoxicating, poisonous substances - drugs. Having tasted cigarettes with drugs or special tablets, weak or very curious people soon move on to stronger drugs. This is how they destroy their health. Being in a state of narcotic dope, these people inflict terrible injuries on themselves, commit crimes. Many of them do not live up to 30 years. Getting rid of this addiction is very difficult, often impossible.

Therefore, never try any drugs.

Output: DON'T get into bad habits! Lead a healthy lifestyle! Know and follow good habits, they help us to improve our health.

Teacher: Man is part of nature. When nature is sick, man is also sick. Our health depends on favorable environmental conditions. Our guys tried to find out in what conditions the nature around us is (the presentation of the expert group). The seventh petal opens.

Student: We created a group of experts and, together with the parents, conducted an environmental and health-saving examination of the conditions of the area. You can read more about this examination on the pages of our book, here are described the tasks for the expert group, the results of their research. And we will now hear the decision that the guys made based on the results of these studies.

After discussing the results, we decided that we, together with high school students and teachers, should actively participate in planting greenery in the school area, as well as help adults plant greenery in our yards and streets. Monitor the cleanliness of the school, school grounds, streets, yards, entrances, and your home.

Then around us will be cleaner and more beautiful.

Outcome. Teacher: Guys, all together we created a flower of health. Our flower would not be so wonderful if we touched and listened to only one petal. A flower is beautiful only when all the petals are alive and full of joy because the guys can tell you what in life will help us maintain health and what will destroy it.

When we are cheerful, healthy, it is good and joyful for all those people who love us and see us every day.

I would like to thank everyone who participated in the work on the project. I think that all of you have learned a lot of new things for yourself and will leave the lesson with a desire to discover, study and draw the right conclusions about how to behave in relation to your health as much as possible.

Program for the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Program name: "Journey to Health»

for younger students 7-10 years old.

Target group: Junior schoolchildren 10 years old

Program goals: Formation of a healthy life

style

Tasks:

1. Get an idea about yourself, form an attitude towards your capabilities and shortcomings, your own system of values.

2. Develop strategies and behaviors that lead to a healthy lifestyle.

3. Develop the ability to communicate with others, empathize, accept and provide psychological and social support.

4. Identify children in need of individual counseling, family counseling.

Expected end result:

- improving the organization and quality of psychological care for children and adults.

- formation of a healthy lifestyle and highly active behavioral strategies and personal resources in younger students.

Research results show that the age of initiation to the use of psychoactive substances occurs in most cases during school years. Younger schoolchildren are involuntary witnesses of smoking, drinking alcohol, psychoactive substances by high school students, adults, parents. In children's minds, a similar model of behavior of adults is fixed and for many in the future it becomes their norm of behavior.

Scientists have proven that if children and adolescents use tobacco and alcohol, then the likelihood that they will try drugs in the future increases. Various deviations in the behavior of children and adolescents are rarely found in isolation. Usually the use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs are accompanied by lies, petty theft and hooliganism, absenteeism and poor school performance.

Therefore, the primary prevention of alcohol abuse, toxic substances among schoolchildren must begin at an early age.

This program is aimed at preventing the abuse of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and improving the organization of work to provide psychological assistance to children and adults, contributing to the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

The specificity of the program lies in the direct active participation of children in the implementation of the process for the prevention of substance abuse.

This program allows the child to make his own choice, maybe the first independent choice in life, to feel and know for sure that he is responsible for everything that happens to him.

The program consists of the following sections

1. Informational,

2. Game,

3. Practical.

The purpose of the information section:

Provide information in an accessible form for this age group about the dangers of smoking, alcohol and drug use.

Purpose of the game section:

During the game, to form value positions in relation to one's own health, skills. The purpose of the practical section:

To form skills and attitudes of safe behavior in situations associated with the risk of addiction to psychoactive substances.

Basic working methods:

but. Theatricalization

g. Improvisation

from. Modeling and analysis of given situations

e. Training

e. Psycho-gymnastics

And. Illustrative

j. Essay

Forms and methods of work:

1. "Live newspaper"

2. Visibility

3. Game

4. group work

5. Dialogue

6. Story

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program implementation:

The development of communication skills in children,

Formation of skills, abilities and experience necessary for adequate behavior in society,

Participation in preventive activities.

Topic " Ecology of the family and the formation of a healthy lifestyle among its members».

The problem of educating a healthy lifestyle has been of interest since ancient times. Philosophers such as J. Locke, A. Smith, K. Helvetius and others spoke of the crucial role of cultivating a healthy lifestyle in human development and believed that the latter is practically impossible without the former.

Raising a healthy lifestyle for children is one of the urgent problems in our society.

The family plays an important role in shaping a healthy lifestyle for a child. Parents have the opportunity to develop the personality of the child, based on his individual capabilities, which they know better than anyone else. They are responsible for his physical, moral, mental, social upbringing and development. They want to see their children healthy, cheerful, active, hardy, strong, smart.

The family is the most important and important thing in the life of every child. She plays the most important role in his life and determines his future. Each member of the family must create in it the conditions and comfort necessary for the formation of a healthy lifestyle and thereby form it in the future generation. Health is an integral part of the existence of each of us and it depends only on us what it will be like.

Parents are obliged to teach their children to a healthy lifestyle, lay the foundations from early childhood, teach them to be good, and set a good example to follow, and only then will we have a healthy people and a healthy nation.

The family for the child is the place of birth and the main habitat. In his family, he has close people who understand him and accept him as he is - healthy or sick, kind or not very good, docile or prickly and impudent - he is his own there. It is in the family that the child receives the basics of knowledge about the world around him, and with the high cultural and educational potential of his parents, he continues to receive not only the basics, but also the culture itself all his life.

The family is strengthened by common affairs and concerns, everyday life filled with useful content, joint leisure and recreation. Physical education is of great importance for the family.

The family largely determines the attitude of children to physical exercises, their interest in sports, activity and initiative. This is facilitated by close emotional communication between children and adults in different situations, their naturally occurring joint activities (discussions of the success of the country's sports life, experiences when watching television sports programs, illustrations in books on sports topics, etc.)

Children are especially susceptible to the beliefs, positive behavior of the father, mother, family lifestyle. The personal example of parents, joint physical education, a healthy lifestyle are the main components of the success of physical education in the family.

Family as a small social group and social institution

A family, as a rule, is a more complex system of relations than marriage, since it can unite not only spouses, but also their children, as well as other relatives. A family is an association of people connected by a commonality based on consanguinity, marriage or adoption life and mutual responsibility for the upbringing of children.

The main features of the family are:

Marriage, blood ties or ties of adoption.
Shared accommodation.
General family budget and household.

Usually, a married couple is considered the “core” of a family, and all statistical classifications of family composition are built depending on the addition of children, relatives, parents of a husband and wife to the “core”.

Types and types of families, what are

Depending on the structure of family ties, a family can be:

Nuclear(simple) - consists of spouses and children who depend on them. Such a family includes two generations.
Extended- consists of several nuclear families or of a nuclear family and other relatives (three or more generations).
incomplete- in which one of the parents is missing. The absence of one of the parents can be caused by various reasons: death, lack of marriage, divorce.

The most common in modern Western countries are nuclear families. There are no more than 3 role positions in them (father - husband, mother - wife, son - brother or daughter - sister). Each person can be a member of several nuclear families at the same time, however, these families do not form an extended family, since they do not live “under the same roof”.

In extended families, as a rule, life is more rationally organized, young people have more time, less big quarrels over trifles, more attention to other people's opinions. However, there may be interference in the privacy of children, petty guardianship, tight control by parents.

In nuclear families, the emphasis is on marital relations, and the parental relationship of father and mother with children, children among themselves, act as an addition to marriage. On the contrary, the extended family reveals in its entire structure that the bond that cements it is the bloodlines of parents and children, brothers and sisters.

Families are distinguished by the number of children:

Childless.
Small children(1-2 children).
Large families(3 or more children).

Families with few children are those families in which there are “few children” from a demographic point of view (for the reproduction of the population). From the point of view of social psychology, for the emergence of primary group relations among children, two children are not enough, since primary group relations arise starting from 3 members of the group. The well-known fact in sociology of the stability of primary groups, which consist of 5-7 members, is confirmed in the sociology of the family by divorce statistics - an increase in the number of children leads to a decrease in the probability of divorce.

The birth of a second child reduces the likelihood of divorce by 2.5 times, and the birth of a third child by 9.5 times. It would be a mistake to assume that the birth of another child strengthens the family; rather, spouses who are confident in the reliability of their relationship have a need for children, respectively, they decide on the birth of another child.

According to the criterion of distribution of power, there are:

patriarchal families where the father is the “head of the family state”.
matriarchal families where the mother enjoys the highest authority and influence.
egalitarian families or partnerships are those where there are no clearly defined family rights, where the situational distribution of power between father and mother prevails.

Depending on the age of the spouses, there are:

Youth family- when the age of the spouses is under 30 years old. The main problems of such a family are adaptation to new responsibilities, everyday life, the emergence of roles associated with parenthood, problems with employment and economic security.
Family of middle age. The main problems of such a family are monotony, routine household chores, boredom, stereotyped relationships, the feeling that the most interesting and significant in life has already taken place and now life is “flowing” by.
An elderly couple. There are problems associated with the health of the spouses, the need for a caring attitude towards each other, the development of new family roles.

According to the special conditions of family life, the following series of families are distinguished:

student families. Typical problems of such a family: lack of housing, complete financial dependence on parents, nevertheless, such families are characterized by great cohesion, activity, and emotionality. Spouses in such families are receptive to the new, believe in the best.
distant families- legally fixed, however, in fact they are not. These are families of labor migrants, sailors, polar explorers, artists, athletes, geologists, etc. Husbands and wives are separated for a long time, do not run a common household, the responsibility for raising children and their maintenance is usually performed by one of them. In these families, there is a great danger of adultery and family breakdown, but some are very persistent, where the strength of the relationship is explained by the freshness of feelings.
Families who are expecting a baby- there are problems associated with preparing for future roles, excessive concern for the health of the expectant mother and child.

What are the functions of the family

Family Functions:

reproductive function is to reproduce their own kind. So that humanity does not cease to exist, society does not turn into a boarding school for the elderly, the population level does not decrease, it is necessary that every Russian family have at least 2-3 children.
Educational the function of the family is the implementation of the primary socialization of the child and the upbringing of children until they reach social maturity. Education is understood as a system of targeted influences on the educated person to instill in him certain views, norms and patterns of behavior, as well as certain moral, psychological and physical qualities.

Socialization is a broader phenomenon, which also includes the entire set of spontaneous circumstances and factors influencing the formation and development of the individual. Therefore, the educational function of the family is actually realized not only in the form of conscious and purposeful pedagogical influences of parents on children, but also through the whole atmosphere of family life.

Regulatory function and function primary social control includes a system for regulating relations between family members, including primary social control and the exercise of power and authority. In the past, the state contributed to the establishment of power and authority in the family of the head of the family, who throughout his life was responsible for the behavior of his offspring. There were penalties for disobedience to parents. Ensuring the fulfillment of social norms by family members, especially those who, due to various circumstances (age, illness, etc.), do not have sufficient ability to independently build their behavior in full accordance with social norms. The family is a small social group, in which they learn to build their behavior in accordance with existing social norms.
educational function - in the family there is a training of the younger generation. Here they teach to speak, walk, read, count.
Communicative the function satisfies the need of family members for communication and mutual understanding. Psychological and pedagogical research confirms that the formation of various social orientations, attitudes, emotional culture, moral and psychological health of a person are directly dependent on the nature of intra-family communication, the manifestation of psychological attitudes in communication, especially adult family members, on the moral and psychological atmosphere in the family .
emotional function - satisfaction of its members' needs for sympathy, respect, recognition, psychological protection. Function of emotional satisfaction. Lack of warmth and mutual understanding, love can be the cause of emotional and behavioral difficulties. This function provides emotional stabilization of members of society, actively contributes to the preservation of their mental health.
Economic function - the conduct of a common household by family members. Formation of strong economic ties between them. Household management by family members. formation of strong economic ties between them. The norms of family life include the obligatory help and support of each family member in case he has economic difficulties. Having your own budget. Organization of consumer activity.
Spiritual and psychotherapeutic function. Spiritual communication is the development of the personalities of family members, spiritual mutual enrichment. Psychotherapeutic - allows family members to arrange spontaneous psychotherapy sessions.
intimate erotic function. It exists to meet the intimate needs of the family, regulates the intimate behavior of husband and wife. Ensuring the biological reproduction of society, thanks to which families turn into clans that go on for generations.
Household function. Satisfaction of family members with their biological and material needs. Satisfying the need to preserve their health by household methods. Family nutrition, acquisition and maintenance of household property, clothes, shoes, home improvement, creation of home comfort, organization of life and life of the family, formation and spending of the household budget.
Entertaining and recreational function. Joint organization of entertainment and recovery after work. Concern for the health and well-being of family members. Recreation, organization of leisure.
Protective function. In all societies, the institution of the family provides, to varying degrees, the physical, economic, and psychological protection of its members.

In recent years, the family has been the object of an increasing number of sociological and socio-psychological studies carried out by Russian and foreign researchers.

What is a family and its ecology

The family is part of the human social environment. In the social environment, two levels are distinguished: macroenvironment and microenvironment. The social macroenvironment is a combination of material and spiritual factors that directly and indirectly, positively and negatively affect the personality and change in the process of people's practical activities (the nature of the social division of labor, the social structure of society arising from it, the system of education, upbringing).

A social microenvironment is a part of the environment that directly affects a person and includes such elements as "... a work, educational or other primary team, family, school, close friends, information sources of interest to a person and other phenomena of personal life." The family is part of the social microenvironment in which a person spends about a third of his life.

Sociologists consider family ecology as “a field of knowledge that studies various aspects of the interaction of the family, society and nature, including issues of natural family planning, natural feeding of newborns, responsible parenthood, raising children as future spouses and parents, a healthy lifestyle, etc. ".

The conditions on which the orientation of the formation of the child's personality, as well as his health, depend are laid down in the family. What is instilled in a child from childhood and adolescence in the family in the field of moral, ethical and other principles determines all his further behavior in life, attitude towards himself, his health and the health of others.

Even at early school age, a child is not yet able to consciously and adequately follow the elementary norms of hygiene and sanitation, comply with the requirements of a healthy lifestyle, take care of their health and the health of others. All this brings to the fore the task before parents of the earliest possible development in a small child of skills and habits that contribute to the preservation of their health.

Of course, the health of children directly depends on the living conditions in the family, health literacy, hygiene culture of parents and their level of education. As a rule, adults become interested in the problem of cultivating the habit of a healthy lifestyle only when the child already needs psychological or medical help. Readiness for a healthy lifestyle does not arise by itself, but is formed in a person from an early age, primarily within the family in which the child was born and raised.

The main task for parents is: the formation of a child's moral attitude towards their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health.

In this, nothing can replace the authority of an adult. Therefore, parents themselves must accept the philosophy of a healthy lifestyle and embark on the path of health. Each of the parents wants the child to grow up physically and mentally healthy, without bad habits. In many ways, the formation of a healthy lifestyle depends on the traditional component of this influence: the family's lifestyle, the way life is organized, the nature of the relationship between spouses, the participation of both parents in upbringing, the proper organization of family free time, the attitude of the parents themselves to alcohol, smoking, and the use of drugs. .

Criteria for fostering a healthy lifestyle

Parents need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle education:

decrease in morbidity;

A healthy lifestyle is a joy for big and small in the house, but to create it, several conditions must be met:

the first condition is the creation of a favorable moral climate in the family, which is manifested in goodwill, readiness to forgive and understand, the desire to help, to please each other, in caring for the health of family members;
the second condition for the successful formation of a healthy lifestyle is the close, sincere friendship of children and parents, their constant desire to be together, communicate, and consult. Communication is a great force that helps parents understand the train of thought of the child and, by the first signs, determine the tendency to negative actions in order to prevent them in time;
the third condition is increased attention to the state of health of all family members. Psychologist V. Karimova, highly appreciating the role of the family in shaping a healthy lifestyle, considers it necessary to pay special attention to the following aspects:

Strengthening the comprehensive health of the people, the nation should begin, first of all, with the family. To implement the educational and educational program "Healthy Family", it is necessary to involve mahalla advisers on issues of religious and educational, spiritual and moral education, women's commissions, mahalla activists, and conduct educational and methodological seminars.
Educational and propaganda work to prepare young people for family life, their development of the philosophy of a healthy lifestyle should involve not only scientists and relevant specialists, but also mahalla elders with rich life experience, teachers and mentors.

Based on the direct relationship between the problems of family well-being and the upbringing of children, it is necessary to constantly ensure public supervision of such important factors as the age of pregnant young women entering life, their health, family conditions, attitude to sports, and physical conditioning.

Thus, from the above definitions it can be seen that there is no single point of view on what is considered human health. But we can conclude that the concept of health reflects the quality of the body's adaptation to environmental conditions and represents the result of the process of interaction between a person and the environment; the state of health itself is formed as a result of the interaction of external (natural and social) and internal (heredity, gender, age) factors.

Health: components and types

Currently, it is customary to distinguish several components (types) of health.

Somatic health- the current state of the organs and systems of the human body - the basis of which is the biological program of individual development, mediated by the basic needs that dominate at various stages of ontogenetic development. These needs, firstly, are the trigger mechanism for human development, and secondly, they ensure the individualization of this process.

physical health- the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body, - the basis of which is morphophysiological and functional reserves that provide adaptive reactions.

mental health- the state of the mental sphere, - the basis of which is the state of general spiritual comfort, which provides an adequate behavioral response. This state is due to both biological and social needs, as well as the ability to satisfy them.

moral health- a complex of characteristics of the motivational and need-informative sphere of life, - the basis of which is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in society. Moral health mediates the spirituality of a person, since it is connected with the universal truths of goodness, love and beauty.

The state of health of children today leaves much to be desired. And the increase in the incidence is associated not only with an unfavorable environmental situation, with a constant increase in stress, psycho-emotional overstrain and physical inactivity, but also with the refusal of parents to lead a healthy lifestyle. The health of children directly depends on the living conditions in the family, health literacy, hygiene culture of parents and their level of education.

Often the level of knowledge and skills of parents in the field of cultivating the habit of a healthy lifestyle is low, and interest in this problem arises only when the child already needs psychological or medical assistance. Most parents do not understand the very essence of the concept of "health", considering it only as the absence of diseases, completely ignoring the relationship of physical, mental and social well-being. As a result, children form bad habits, which can be very difficult to get rid of.

Criteria for the effectiveness of educating a healthy lifestyle

Parents need to know the criteria for the effectiveness of educating a healthy lifestyle:

positive dynamics of the physical condition of your child;
decrease in morbidity;
the formation of the child's skills to build relationships with peers, parents and other people;
reducing the level of anxiety and aggressiveness.

Readiness for a healthy lifestyle does not arise by itself, but is formed in a person from an early age, primarily within the family in which the child was born and raised.

The task of parents is to convey the importance of daily care for their health to the consciousness of their child, to teach the art of health promotion

The main task for parents is: the formation of a child's moral attitude to their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life goal, and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health.

To solve this problem, parents need to remember the rule - "If you want to raise your child healthy, follow the path of health yourself, otherwise he will have nowhere to lead!".

Forms of educational activity

Forms of educational activities are of a different nature:

According to the direction of the content

intellectual - cognitive;
social - creative;
professional orientation;
cultural - leisure;
sports and recreation;
artistic - creative;
organizational.

By the nature of interaction and joint activities

competitive forms (competitions, competitions);
entertainment (performances, movie screenings);
productive and creative (protection of projects, exhibitions);
communication forms (round tables, evening meetings);
demonstration (presentation);
individual self-expression (portfolio).

The concept “ health” is not clearly defined in the scientific literature. Someone considers it a property, someone a process, someone interprets it as a state, someone an ability. As a rule, health is not only the absence of disease, but also a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being. But not all families understand this, believing that if the child is not sick, then he is healthy. Also, not all parents pay due attention to educating a child about a healthy lifestyle, so many children do not use the elementary rules of “clean hands” and so on.

There is one main direction of family education for the formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child. This includes working with children. It is necessary to convey the importance of daily care for one's health to the consciousness of one's child, to teach the art of health promotion, to form in the child a moral attitude towards one's health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. Parents should pay special attention to the formation of a favorable atmosphere in the house, to educate the child in respect for themselves and others, respect for their health. Of great importance is the educational impact on the child by the personal example of parents.

Parents are our helpers and allies in extracurricular activities. The most important direction in extracurricular activities is the preservation and strengthening of children's health, the formation of attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, parents set an example for their pupils, taking part in school competitions with their families.

To ensure the success of a healthy lifestyle

The formation of a healthy lifestyle in the family will be successful if:

organizational and pedagogical conditions and mechanisms for introducing a healthy lifestyle in the process of developing a comfortable family will be developed and determined;
parents are ready to use national cultural traditions in order to educate children in the need for a healthy lifestyle;
coordinated interaction between the family and the educational institution will be carried out, taking into account modern trends in the development of the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
the content, forms and methods of preparing young people for family life include the use of the experience of forming a healthy lifestyle in a comfortable family.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle in a child should be one of the mandatory components of family education. The family for a child is the environment where he finds role models and here his social birth takes place.

Education of a healthy lifestyle culture among schoolchildren. Promoting a healthy lifestyle from an early age

Tutoring

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: fruitful work, a rational mode of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

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Introduction

CHAPTER I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE

The concept of health, the main factors of a healthy lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements: fruitful work, a rational mode of work and rest, the eradication of bad habits, an optimal motor regime, personal hygiene, hardening, rational nutrition, etc.

Productive work is an important element of a healthy lifestyle. Human health is influenced by biological and social factors, the main of which is work.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle culture in children

CHAPTER II.HLS EDUCATION IN EXTRA-CLASS WORK WITH YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN

The concept of educational work

Healthy lifestyle program

Bibliography

Appendix

Extracurricular work. Class hour "Health is the main wealth of a person"

Family as a small social group and social institution

Types and types of families, what are

What are the functions of the family

What is a family and its ecology

Criteria for fostering a healthy lifestyle

Health: components and types

Criteria for the effectiveness of educating a healthy lifestyle

Forms of educational activity

To ensure the success of a healthy lifestyle

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Ecology of family life

The formation of a healthy lifestyle begins with the correct organization of the daily routine

Rules for a healthy lifestyle