Medical abortion - reviews and recommendations of obstetrician-gynecologists. Medical abortion - maximum terms, complications and contraindications

There are several methods to terminate an early pregnancy. Each of them has its own risks and contraindications. In the article, we will consider medical abortion, how the procedure goes, and whether there are any risks.

Until recently, vacuum or mini-abortion was the only way to terminate a pregnancy in the early period. But he had many side effects due to the fact that it consisted in interfering with the uterine cavity, which could lead to injury or infection.

That is why scientists have studied alternative ways to terminate the course of pregnancy, which do not require instrumental intervention. After the invention in the 80s of such hormonal agents as Mifepristone and Misoprostol, medical abortion became possible. How it all happens, we will consider further.

Medications for medical abortion

Today, there are many analogues of Mifepristone - Mifeprex, Miropristone, Mifegin, Pencrofton, RU-480 and others. These are progesterone antagonists, which, in addition to abortion in a certain dosage, can be used as emergency contraception (Ginepriston). The action of these drugs is to block the action of progesterone - the main hormone responsible for the development of pregnancy. In parallel with the above drugs, Cytotec is used to terminate a pregnancy. How to take the drugs depends on the situation. Therefore, the gynecologist should prescribe the dosage.

Misoprostol also acquired different trade names, also known in Russia as Mirolut. The prostaglandins contained in the preparation provoke contractions of the muscles of the walls of the uterus, after which the fetal egg is expelled from the cavity.

At what time and how is medical abortion done

The decision to have a medical abortion is made by the woman. The gestational age should not exceed 49 days from the beginning of the last menstruation. It is necessary to take into account the existing contraindications, among which:

• suspicion of the development of an ectopic pregnancy;
• renal or hepatic insufficiency in acute or chronic form;
• long-term use of certain hormonal drugs (dexamethasone, prednisolone, etc.);
• taking anticoagulants;
• exacerbation of inflammatory processes in the urogenital system of a woman;
• the presence of uterine fibroids;
• the onset of pregnancy when using an intrauterine device or immediately after the abolition of oral contraceptives;
• severe form of bronchial asthma;
• individual intolerance to the components of the drugs.

During the first visit to the gynecologist, a woman undergoes a gynecological examination and passes the necessary tests, including smears and blood tests. Ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs is also necessary to exclude the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Before making an abortion with a medical method, the doctor consults about the possible risks. A woman signs a consent to the use of a particular drug for this purpose.

How is a medical abortion done? This will require three steps. On the first day after a light breakfast, a woman drinks 3 tablets of Miropristone or analogues with a dosage of 200 mg, remaining for several hours under the supervision of a doctor. At the end of this time, the patient is allowed to go home, but at the first fear that something is going wrong, she must call the doctor.

The second visit is 48 hours after the first dose. On this day, 2 tablets of Mirolut or analogues are taken with a dosage of 200 mcg. Within a few hours, bloody discharge from the vagina should begin. If they are not observed, Mirolut's reception is repeated. As a rule, the amount of discharge, as well as the duration, varies depending on the duration of pregnancy and the individual characteristics of the woman's body. Usually spotting is present for 1-3 weeks. Sometimes it may be necessary to take hemostatic drugs.

The third visit to the gynecologist is scheduled no later than two weeks after the second. The doctor conducts a follow-up examination and ultrasound to exclude the possibility of complications in the form of an incomplete abortion or a pregnancy that continues to develop. The doctor develops a method of preventing unwanted pregnancy for the future.

Medical abortion pills are designed to terminate early pregnancy up to 12 weeks from the last menstrual period. The less time has passed since conception, the easier it will be for medical abortion and the less consequences the procedure will leave.

MEDICAL ABORTION ALL INCLUSIVE - 3500 rub.

What is a medical abortion? How to reduce risks?

Medical termination of pregnancy is an artificial abortion without surgical intervention. In this case, drugs are used that stop the vital activity of the embryo and expel the fetal egg.

Tablets are produced with a different composition of the active substance and a different principle of exposure to the body. Therefore, it is impossible to independently select such funds - this is done by a gynecologist. The doctor focuses on the timing of pregnancy, the age and weight of the patient, the number of previous pregnancies, a history of miscarriages, contraindications, etc.

Deciding to have an abortion, not even associated with surgical intervention, a woman must understand that the use of pills that cause miscarriage, and this is exactly how medical abortion occurs, is stress for the body. But in the case of properly selected medicines, there will be no big health problems in the future. The only way to reduce the risks is to consult a good doctor and strictly follow his instructions.

Types of pills for medical abortion

Depending on the duration of pregnancy, there are various medications that provoke an artificial miscarriage. They are divided into three groups:

1. Applied within two days after unprotected intercourse(Postinor, Escapel). The effectiveness of the drug is 95% if taken within 24 hours after sexual contact. The drug ceases to act after 72 hours (3 days), so the medication is intended exclusively for emergency termination of pregnancy.
2. Early abortion drugs(up to 42 days from the date of the last menstruation). They can be used both as emergency contraception and to terminate an existing pregnancy (Mifegin, Mifolian, Genale). This option is the safest and gives the maximum interrupt guarantee.
3. Antiprogestogenic drugs for medical abortion 42 to 62 days from last menstrual period (Mifepristone, Misoprostol, Pencrofton). Russian doctors try not to perform a medical abortion after 42 days of pregnancy, as they believe that the procedure will cause great harm to the body, because the patient has to take a large dose of medication. In addition, the percentage of interruption effectiveness is reduced. This is due to the fact that over long periods of abortion takes place in conditions of reliable attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus.

Miscarriage medications contain antiprogestogens that block the production of the female sex hormone progestogens. The drugs are not sold in pharmacies and are used only in a hospital where the gynecologist can control the expulsion of the embryo from . The longer a woman's pregnancy, the lower the chance of an abortion. At week 7, the efficiency drops to 93%, at week 8 - up to 88%.

Medical termination of pregnancy by European standards is permissible up to 12 weeks. But even there, for a period of more than 6 weeks, it is carried out only in medical institutions due to severe bleeding caused by detachment of the endometrium. Therefore, to the question: “How long is an abortion with pills?”, You can answer that in Russia the procedure is done up to 6-7 weeks.

How are abortion pills different?

The general principle of the action of medications for abortion is based on changes in the hormonal background characteristic of the pregnancy period. As a result, the embryo is rejected and expelled from the uterine cavity. Differences in drugs are based on the active substance acting on the fertilized egg.

Based on this, drugs are divided into two groups:

1. Antagonists (opposite) of progesterone(Mifegin, Mifepristone, Genale). Progesterone is a steroid (physiologically active, powerful and versatile) sex hormone produced by a woman's ovaries in large quantities during pregnancy. It helps prepare the body for conception: it makes the endometrium softer, relaxes the muscles of the uterus, reduces immunity so that the female body does not reject the male egg. Progesterone antagonists are artificial and natural: synthetic - progestin (progestogen), natural - progesterone.
2. Prostaglandins(Misoprostol, Dinoprost). It's physiological stimulating active ingredients embryo rejection process. They act on the smooth muscles of the uterus, provoking its contractions. Used to terminate pregnancy at 16 to 23 weeks.

Characteristics of drugs for abortion

Medicine name	Analog	Active ingredient	Abortive	How does it work
Postinor	Mirena, Norplant, Microlute	750 mcg levonorgestrel	No	Changes the structure of the endometrium, prevents the attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus
Manufacturer, price	Gedeon Richter (Hungary), price 305-375 rubles.
Jenale	Postinor	100 mc mifepristone	No	It is used for emergency contraception up to 3 days, does not change the hormonal background
Manufacturer, price	Izvarino Pharma. Russia. Price: 250-310 rubles.
Pencrofton	Mifepristone, Genale, Agesta	200 mg mifepristone	Yes	Stimulation to spontaneous miscarriage
Manufacturer, price	OJSC Pharmsintez Russia. From 1500 rub.
Mifegin	Mytholian, Mifeprex	200 mg mifepristone	Yes	Blocking the action of the hormone progesterone
Manufacturer, price	EXELGYN Lab., France. From 3000 rub.
Misoprostol	Misopristone	200 mg misoprostol and 200 mg hypromellose	Yes	Used in conjunction with mifepristone to eliminate pregnancy up to 56 days
Manufacturer, price	Beijing Zizhu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China. From 2000 rub.
Cytotec	Misoprostol	200 mg misoprostol	Yes	Increases uterine tone and leads to smooth muscle contraction
Manufacturer, price	Pfizer, Belgium. From 1900 rub.
Ginestril	Ginepriston	50 mg mifepristone	Yes	Blocks the action of progesterone at the receptor level
Manufacturer, price	NizhPharm, Russia. From 6289 rub.
Agesta	Esmya	10 mg mifepristone	No	Used as a method of postcoital contraception
Manufacturer, price	Mordovia. From 163 rubles.
Mytholian	Pencrofton, Mifepristone	200 mg mifepristone	Yes	Promotes embryo rejection up to 42 days from the last menstrual period
Manufacturer, price	SHANGHAI HUAN LIAN PHARMACEUTICAL, China. From 1100 rub.
Mifepristone-72	Mifepristone	200 mg mifepristone	Yes	Blocks the action of progesterone, terminates pregnancy up to 42 days
Manufacturer, price	SHANGHAI HUAN LIAN PHARMACEUTICAL, China. From 1850 rub.
Enzaprost-F injection	Dinoprost, Prostin F2 Alpha	5 ml prostaglandin dinoprost tromethamine	Yes	Late pregnancy termination at 16-20 weeks
Manufacturer, price	SANOFI-AVENTIS, Hungary. From 3500 rub.
Prostin F2 Alpha	Exaprost-F	5 ml prostaglandin dinoprost tromethamine	Yes	Causes uterine contractions, dilates the cervix, increases pressure
Manufacturer, price	Pfizer, Belgium. From 2000 rub.

What means for medical abortion are used in Russia and the CIS countries

Consider several drugs that are officially approved in Russia and neighboring countries.

Postinor

Postinor -means of emergency contraception No. 1 in the post-Soviet space. On the territory of the CIS, a drug produced by the Hungarian company Richter Gedeon is allowed.

This is a very powerful remedy that has many side effects. It simultaneously affects the menstrual cycle and the structure of the uterus. Postinor does not have a direct abortive effect, but only prevents pregnancy itself after unprotected intercourse, so taking it later than 2 days after conception is useless and dangerous.

How to use. Postinor is taken as follows: it consists of two tablets, each of which contains 750 mcg of levonorgestrel (a synthetic progestogen that inhibits the production of sex hormones by the pituitary gland). The first tablet should be drunk the next morning after a stormy night, maximum - on the evening of the third day (until the division of germ cells has occurred and the embryo has begun to form). After 12 hours, you need to take the second pill, otherwise there is no point in taking Postinor.

The principle of operation of Postinor. Synthetic progestogen inhibits the maturation of the follicle, thereby shifting the monthly cycle. Cervical mucus also thickens, preventing the penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. The structure of the endometrium changes, it becomes looser and thicker, preventing the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall.

Advantages and disadvantages

• pros. Despite the great risk to a woman's health, Postinor has an important positive aspect. If, nevertheless, pregnancy has occurred (due to improper pill intake, vomiting after use, another sexual intercourse after using Postinor for the first time), then the pill will not have a negative effect on the development of the embryo, unlike some other drugs for emergency termination of pregnancy.
• Minuses.Postinor has a lot of contraindications. This method is suitable only for healthy women with a regular menstrual cycle. Due to the fact that the drug inhibits ovarian function, it can cause dysfunction or cyst formation. It is forbidden to take Postinor more than once per cycle, otherwise an ectopic pregnancy can be caused.

Contraindications. The drug is contraindicated in women suffering from uterine bleeding, epilepsy, heart disease and breast tumors.

Important!Postinor is a medication for emergency protection, so it can only be used in a hopeless situation. 3 weeks after taking the pill to make sure that the pregnancy did not take place. If the results are suspicious, you need to do .

Escapelle

Escapel is similar in principle to Postinor. The active ingredient in this drug is levonorgestrel, an analogue of the sex hormone progesterone, which suppresses ovulation. Cervical mucus becomes thicker and denser, and the endometrium becomes looser. Escapelle is 97% effective when taken within 72 hours of intercourse.

In cases of using the medication later than indicated in the instructions (72-90 hours), the effectiveness of the contraceptive effect will decrease to 84%.

How to use. Escapelle consists of one tablet, the second should be taken only if, after taking the first one, vomiting occurred, or another sexual intercourse took place.

Pros, cons and contraindications are the same as for postinor.

Important!Both Postinor and Escapel are sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. They are not abortifacients, ie. cannot terminate a pregnancy that has already taken place. Their task is to prevent the fixation of a fertilized egg in the inner surface of the uterus. If implantation has already occurred, the drugs are ineffective.

Agesta

Agesta is also a Russian-made emergency contraceptive drug. The drug contains 100 micrograms of mifepristone. The effectiveness of the application within 3 days after sexual intercourse (rape) is 99%.

Agesta inhibits the maturation of the egg, and also changes the structure of the mucous surface of the uterus, so that the embryo cannot be implanted.

Advantages and disadvantages.

• pros. The drug contains a moderate dose of a steroidal antiprogestogen, so it does not have serious side effects. Menstruation usually occurs in the same month.
• Minuses. The disadvantage can be considered the inaccessibility of the drug, because it is sold mainly in the capital.

Jenale

The Russian-made Genale drug (Izvar-Pharma LLC) also contains 100 micrograms of mifepristone, and has a similar effect on a woman's body. It prevents the fetal egg from growing into the endometrium.

How to use.Genale is effective for three days after intercourse. You need to take 1 tablet (10 mg).

pros. The drug has a non-hormonal origin, so it does not knock down the monthly cycle. Due to this, secondary infertility does not occur, and it can be used by minors in case of rape.

Minuses. The effectiveness of tablets depends on body weight. With normal weight, the effectiveness of tablets is 99%. In full - 65% in very full - 33%. Increasing the dosage does not improve the result.

Contraindications.Severe diseases (renal, liver failure, anemia, heart disease), a previous course of hormones and drugs that reduce blood clotting (artofen, heparin, aspirin, diclofenac, anticoagulants), mifepristone intolerance, breastfeeding.

Important!Alcohol neutralizes the effect of Genale. If menstruation does not start within 10 days after taking the medicine, you need to .

Which is better: postinor, genale or escapelle?

To answer this question, several points must be taken into account.

• Postinor and Escapelle contain hormones, so their effectiveness is higher than that of Jenale.
• Genale lasts longer than postinor and escapelle. Genale is effective on the third day after unprotected sex. Postinor or escapelle will help only on the first day.
• After taking postinor and escapelle, there are more delays in critical days and uterine bleeding.
• Hormonal drugs increase the likelihood of developing .

In all cases, if there is a delay in taking any drug, you need to contact a gynecologist, undergo a pregnancy test and, if necessary, dowithout delaying deadlines.

Means for medical abortion for up to 42 days

, - Abortion drugs. They have the same active ingredient mifepristone, so the principle of action for drugs is the same. Distinguishes drugs:

• Price difference.The drugs cost differently, since Mifegin is produced in France, and Mifepristone in Russia or China.
• Probability of forgery. It is believed that Russian drugs for medical abortion are more often counterfeited, so women are more confident in the French Mifegin, which goes through customs and other checkpoints.
• Efficiency. According to the reviews of doctors, Mifegin is more effective in the early stages. Mifepristone is more suitable for inducing labor. As an abortifacient, it has a lower effectiveness.
• Side effects. Patients claim that Mifegin has less pronounced side effects.

Ginestril

The analogue of Mifegin Ginestril has a lower dose of the active substance, therefore, as an abortifacient, it has low efficiency. It is more used for those cases when, due to improper use of emergency contraception, a complete abortion did not occur, but the woman received a large hormonal load. In this case, she is recommended a lighter drug, Ginestril, which will complete the expulsion of the fertilized egg. But as an independent abortifacient, Ginestril is ineffective.

Mytholian

Mifolian, which contains mifepristone, is also an antiprogesterone. It belongs to a new generation of medicines compared to mifepristone, so it has fewer side effects. At the same time, Mifolian is less effective as an abortifacient. Experts noted that in 5% of cases after application, a woman continues to develop pregnancy, in 7% of cases it is interrupted, but the fetus is not expelled, and in 3% there is severe bleeding requiring surgical intervention.

A huge minus of the drug: in the case of a preserved pregnancy, the drug has a negative effect on the embryo, so you have to have an abortion.

Pencrofton

Pencrofton also contains a high dose of mifepristone and is used both as an emergency contraceptive and to terminate pregnancies that have already taken place. Doctors often recommend this drug to patients for medical abortion, but they only use it in medical settings. It has a significant drawback - it causes severe bleeding.

Cytotec, Misoprostol

Cytotec or Misoprostol are similar in their action. Misoprostol is a placental hormone, and Cytotec causes uterine contractility. They cause an artificial miscarriage, thereby terminating the pregnancy. These drugs are recommended for abortions up to 42 weeks because the drug causes uterine bleeding.

Medicines for abortion up to 62 days

Medical termination of pregnancy - - is allowed up to 12 weeks or 74 days, but not for medical reasons, pregnancy in medical institutions is terminated no later than 62 days from the date of the last menstruation. At the 12th week, the production of progesterone in large quantities stops, so almost all pharmaceutical abortion medications based on progesterone blockers become ineffective. In addition, after 12 weeks, the formation of the placenta, which is responsible for the life support of the fetus, is completed.

Starting from week 7, special prostaglandin-based agents are used for medical abortion. These are active substances, the main purpose of which is to provide vital processes. So, in men, prostaglandins stimulate sperm motility, in women they provoke uterine contractility during childbirth, in newborns it blocks blood flow in the umbilical cord and dilates the arteries. A lack of prostaglandins makes labor difficult, and an excess provokes premature birth.

Prostaglandin-based abortion drugs are used exclusively in medical settings. They stimulate the contractility of the uterus, causing contraction of the myometrium. The cervix softens and opens, stimulating the expulsion of the fetus. Such strong medicines are treated in special cases, if a woman has or analyzes showed . Still, there is a risk of uterine bleeding and other complications.

Enzaprost-F

The drug Enzaprost-F has an active substance prostaglandin dinoprost, which acts on smooth muscles. Long rhythmic contractions contribute to the death and expulsion of the fetus. As an abortifacient, the drug is injected into the amniotic sac. After a certain time, another dose is administered to stimulate uterine contractions.

Prostin F2 Alpha

Prostin F2 Alpha has a similar effect on the body, but it is based on the active substance prostaglandin F2-alpha. It is injected into the amniotic sac to stimulate smooth muscle contraction. Leads to termination of pregnancy for a period of 16-20 weeks.

The doctor closely monitors the patient for 48 hours. If the expulsion of the fetus does not occur, a mechanical abortion is performed. The drugs are not used if a woman has asthma, uterine fibroids, pathologies of the heart and blood.

Why are mifepristone-based products so popular?

Preparations based on mifepristone, Mifegin, Mifepristone, , Pencrofton, Mifolian, block the production of progesterone, the female sex hormone secreted from the onset of fertilization to 12 weeks in large quantities. Progesterone is responsible for the relaxation of smooth muscles, facilitating the implantation of the embryo into the uterine cavity. Mifepristone inhibits the production of progesterone and causes the production of prostaglandins, which stimulate uterine contractions. As a result, the cervix opens, and the rhythmic contractions of the uterus push the embryo out.

The benefits of drugs include:

• efficiency 98.6%;
• no need for anesthesia, as with an abortion or ;
• excludes the possibility of infection, the formation of adhesions of the fallopian tubes and scars;
• the uterine cavity is not injured;
• abortion is carried out without the risk of secondary infertility;
• the woman does not have a great psychological trauma, as after a surgical abortion;
• with the right Following the instructions does not cause bleeding and severe pain.

How to use means to terminate a pregnancy on an emergency basis

Emergency contraception drugs suppress estrogen production, so they do not induce abortion, but prevent pregnancy itself. The active component of Postinor, levonogestrel, inhibits the maturation of the follicles and at the same time affects the inner layer of the uterus, the endometrium. It becomes so loose that even if the egg is fertilized, the zygote will not be able to implant. In addition, the denser and more viscous mucus of the cervical canal does not allow the sperm to penetrate inside. the effectiveness of the drug depends on the speed of its application.

If the pill is taken 24 hours after intercourse, then pregnancy will not occur by 95%. If three days have passed, the effectiveness is halved.

Postinor is taken in two steps: the first time as soon as possible after intercourse, and the second tablet 12 hours later. The advantage of emergency contraceptives is that the menstrual cycle practically does not change, which is very important for young girls. However, they should not be applied regularly, maximum 2 times a year.

How are progesterone blockers used for medical abortion?

Medicines based on mifepristone and misoprostol are administered in two stages: the woman takes the first pill in the presence of a doctor. If she does not experience pain and bleeding, then she goes home. The second time he comes to the gynecologist after 2 days for an examination.

If the process of expulsion of the fetus is slow, the pregnant woman is given a second tablet, possibly of a different or the same drug. Within 2-3 days, the abortion should be completed. In case of severe bleeding, a woman goes to the same institution at any time of the day. After 14 days, she again goes to the reception. The doctor on ultrasound is convinced of the expulsion of the fetus. If the pregnancy persists, the woman is offered a surgical abortion.

Where to get a medical abortion in St. Petersburg

Honey termination of pregnancy can be carried out at. We use only certified products. The cost of the procedure includes an appointment with a gynecologist, ultrasound to determine the gestational age and abortion pills.

Medical abortion is an abortion that is carried out without any surgical intervention - vacuum aspiration or cleaning of the uterus. This type of abortion has been practiced since 1985, but in Russia it is only gaining momentum. Not many people can afford it due to the high cost. But it is not always too expensive, there are options on how to save money without harming your health.

So, it will be much cheaper to terminate a pregnancy if you find a clinic where the domestic drug Mifepristone is used for this procedure. It doesn't have to be an advertised clinic in the city center with famous doctors, expensive appointments and examinations - all this adds up to the cost of an abortion. In Russian regions, you can find an option for about 5,000 rubles. In large cities it is more expensive, but not significantly.

Benefits of the procedure

But it's worth it, since the negative consequences of medical abortion in the early stages are essentially absent. There may be some complications due to incomplete miscarriage. But it happens literally in 2-3% of all procedures. But a woman does not have stress due to gynecological manipulations, which are very painful, if without the use of high-quality anesthesia, there are no consequences for the reproductive system (future pregnancy), since there is no inflammatory process, the cervix is ​​\u200b\u200bnot injured.

Indications and contraindications

pill abortion), where to start? From a visit to a gynecologist at a clinic that provides this type of abortion service. Not every clinic has a license for this. Your doctor will need to make sure that you are at the correct gestational age for pill abortion. And this is a maximum of 6 weeks. The period is determined not by a simple calculation from the first day of the last menstruation indicated by the patient, but by the results of an ultrasound examination. The doctor sees the size of the fetal egg and its localization. Medical abortion is possible only during uterine pregnancy, and not due to the use of an intrauterine device - a contraceptive.

But even if the gestational age is suitable, the doctor may refuse the service if:

• a woman over 35 who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day (high risk of cardiovascular disease, which increases even more after taking a strong drug for miscarriage), with severe hypertension;
• with low blood clotting;
• with renal or hepatic insufficiency;
• intolerance to drugs used for abortion (active ingredients mifepristone and misoprostol).

Relative contraindications are poor smear analysis, a negative Rh factor (the issue is resolved by the introduction of anti-Rhesus globulin after an abortion to prevent Rh conflicts in subsequent pregnancies), genital infections in the exacerbation phase.

Visits to the doctor

At the first visit, the doctor conducts an examination, which we wrote about earlier. And if no contraindications are detected, he tells the patient in detail about medical abortion, what happens after taking the pills, what is normal and what is not. How to behave, whether it is possible to take painkillers and which ones. Usually leaves his phone number for emergency advice, if needed after taking the drug.

Further, he gives out 3 tablets of Mifepristone. After that, the woman is briefly delayed in the clinic and sent home. The doctor warns her that she may experience cramping pain and spotting from the genital tract. This is the norm. Of the painkillers, it is better to give preference to Paracetamol, as the safest in this case. It does not interact with the abortion drug in any way.

But miscarriage occurs after taking Mifepristone only in a very small percentage of women. And after 36-48 hours, the woman should visit the doctor again to get misoprostol tablets. She also takes them in the presence of a doctor and stays in the clinic for 2 hours. Then he goes home.

After taking this drug, cramping pains and bleeding increase. The fetal egg and its membranes are rejected. The endometrium comes out of the uterus in clots. Abundant discharge can last up to 3 days, and moderate, as during menstruation, up to 14 days. Urgent medical attention is required only for heavy bleeding. When two or more sanitary pads get wet in 1 hour. But this is rare.

And finally, the third visit in 10-14 days. The doctor performs an ultrasound examination to make sure that the miscarriage was complete. Otherwise, vacuum aspiration will have to be done. Even if the embryo continued to develop, and the woman changed her mind about having an abortion. Since the drugs had the most negative effect on the child, he will not be born full-fledged.

After a miscarriage

What happens after a medical abortion with a woman's body, when can you conceive a child again? Immediately. In 75% of women, ovulation occurs in the first menstrual cycle after an abortion. That is, fertility is not impaired. Moreover, the child can be left, since the drugs taken 2-3 weeks before conception will no longer have a negative effect on him.

But if pregnancy is not included in the plans, reliable contraception is needed. Doctors recommend oral contraceptives or the installation of an intrauterine system.

When a woman faces the problem of abortion, she is certainly concerned about the negative consequences that it causes to the body. There are no safe and harmless abortions. There are less or more gentle methods, but all of them can cause serious complications.

The most benign is medical abortion, which is carried out at an early stage - up to 9 weeks. Since there is no external influence with this technique, the uterus, as well as the cervix, practically do not suffer. However, one should not think that it does not have any consequences. Quite often, after taking certain drugs, the fetal egg is not completely removed. Its particles remain in the uterine cavity. Then the woman is prescribed additional mechanical cleaning. There may be other negatives as well.

Today we will talk with you about the harm of medical abortion. We will find out what complications it can cause, and also find out what a woman should do to restore her health after an abortion.

What are the dangers of medical abortion?

As we have already mentioned, it is carried out in the early stages with the help of a special drug designed to cause uterine bleeding with the expulsion of the fetal egg. Unlike other methods of abortion, this one is the most gentle, since the rejection of the embryo occurs spontaneously, without outside interference. With a successful procedure, such an abortion is effective in about 98% of cases.

However, sometimes serious problems arise after an abortion. For example, incomplete removal of the fetus occurs, severe bleeding occurs, or infectious diseases develop. All of these require emergency medical care. In medical practice, isolated cases of death of patients from unstoppable internal bleeding, as well as from heart failure, which was caused by the drug mifepristone, are known.

Therefore, when the question arises whether there is harm to medical abortion, every doctor will answer you that, undoubtedly, there is. In this case, much depends on the individual intolerance of a particular drug by the woman's body. A lot of envy depends on the duration of pregnancy, the characteristics of the body, and the experience of the doctor.

What are the complications?

The presence of complications after medical abortion also depends on many factors, such as the woman's age, gestational age, general health, and the presence and success of previous pregnancies. The most dangerous is the termination of the first pregnancy.

It must be said that health problems after the interruption occur in almost 20% of women. Here are the most common:

The pregnancy may continue. At the same time, the health of the mother, the condition of the fetus will be already undermined to one degree or another.
- Prolonged bleeding after an abortion.
- Failure of the normal menstrual cycle, disruption of the ovaries.
- Inflammatory process that develops in the genitals.
- Temperature rise.

A common complication is pain that resembles contractions. Let's dwell on this in more detail:

Usually, a woman experiences prolonged cramping pain after using a prostaglandin drug. This drug is taken to speed up medical abortion. After taking it, an active contraction of the muscles begins, which pushes the fetal egg out of the vagina.

Usually the pain is intense, but quite tolerable. If the pain is unbearable, the doctor will prescribe pain medication. Most often, it subsides a day after taking the prostaglandin drug. If the negative sensations continue, you should consult a doctor.

Important!

To avoid or significantly reduce the development of complications, an abortion should be performed by an experienced, highly qualified doctor in a medical institution. Unfortunately, some women still take abortion drugs at home, hoping that everything will pass without complications. It is they who are most often then subjected to additional cleaning, they most often develop infectious and bacterial diseases.

Recovery after an abortion

After medical termination of pregnancy, in the absence of complications, the woman's body soon returns to normal. However, for some time you need to follow some rules:

Avoid physical activity
- carefully observe personal hygiene to avoid the risk of developing bacterial diseases,
- for the fastest recovery of health, you may need a course of physiotherapy.

Consequences, complications of medical termination of pregnancy cannot be ignored by “closing your eyes”. Remember that even an absolutely healthy, young woman after an abortion can forever remain infertile. Therefore, do not lose your sanity, do not risk your health and your future. Do not deprive yourself of the joy of motherhood. Be healthy!

Life circumstances often do not turn out the way we want, and dictate their own conditions. Sometimes pregnancy is unwanted or contraindicated for health reasons. In such a situation, there is only one way out - abortion.

In early pregnancy, doctors often use medical abortion, which is considered the safest for a woman's health. In the article we will talk about how true this information is, and what consequences the use of abortion pills can have.

And now let's dwell on this in more detail.

Drugs used for early abortion

The first drugs for medical abortion were invented in France at the beginning of the last century, today the country remains one of the main leaders in the production of drugs for abortion. Medical abortion is always carried out under the close supervision of the attending physician; self-administration of drugs can be dangerous for a woman's health and lead to infertility. Please note that medical abortion is allowed to be done at the earliest possible date - up to 41 days from the beginning of the last menstruation. After that, other methods of abortion are used.

The main advantages of medical abortion are:

• Minimal risk of infertility. Drugs, unlike curettage, do not injure the uterine mucosa, so the risk of infertility is significantly reduced.
• No complications. Surgical methods of abortion are often fraught with the development of inflammatory processes, cervical injuries, and with medical abortion, the likelihood of complications is minimal.
• Ambulatory mode. With the medical method, hospitalization of the patient in the hospital is not required. Taking hormonal drugs leads to the fact that the embryo dies, the uterus contracts and the fetus is brought out. The body recovers quickly after such a procedure, the very next day a woman can return to her normal lifestyle.

Medicines that are used for medical termination of pregnancy are not commercially available; you can buy them only on the prescription of a doctor. The drugs are based on antigestagens, they are also called antiprogestins - this is a group of biologically active substances that suppress the action of natural progestogens at the receptor level. necessary for and ensuring its vital activity, suppressing it with special pills, a woman stimulates the rejection and death of the embryo.

The most popular antiprogestin at the moment is mifegin or mifepristone, which is used at a dosage of 600 mg once (3 tablets), the drug lasts for three days. 36-48 hours after taking antiprogestins, prostaglandins are prescribed, for example, at a dosage of 400 mg. (2 tablets). While taking medication, a woman should be under the supervision of a doctor.

The list of drugs for medical abortion looks like this:

• Mifepristone
• Mifeprex
• Mytholian
• Pencrofton
• Mifegin
• Misoprostol

The active substance in all tablets is mifepristone, they differ from each other by the manufacturer, and, accordingly, by quality and efficiency.

Spontaneous miscarriage occurs within a week after taking the pills. The doctor controls the completeness of the miscarriage with the help of ultrasound. The cost of abortion drugs depends on the manufacturer, for example, the Russian drug Mifepristone is cheaper than French Mifegin or Chinese Mifepristone 72. On average, the price of these drugs ranges from 1000 to 5000 rubles. Every woman who decides to have a medical abortion should understand that the unauthorized use of drugs can cause serious side effects, so self-medication in this case is ineffective.

Carrying out scheme

Medical termination of pregnancy is not as simple a process as many might think. In fact, it is carried out in several stages and requires careful preparation.

1. Survey. First of all, the doctor must conduct an examination, including a gynecological examination and ultrasound, to determine the exact gestational age. Before the procedure, the doctor must make sure that the woman has no contraindications to the use of tablets. The patient is introduced to the principle of operation of drugs and the technique of abortion, she must clearly understand the features and side effects of the procedure. After that, a written agreement is signed for the manipulation.
2. main stage. First, a woman under the supervision of a doctor takes pills that cause rejection of the embryo and prepare the uterus for its expulsion. Within a few hours after the procedure, the woman is at the day hospital and, in the absence of side effects, is allowed to go home.
3. Completion. After 1.5-2 days, the next drug is taken, which starts the process of expulsion of the fetal egg. Within two hours after taking the pills, the woman is under the supervision of a doctor.

Performance definition

36-48 hours after the procedure, the doctor does a control ultrasound, makes sure that there is no stagnation of blood in the uterus. After two weeks, it is necessary to undergo a second examination by a gynecologist and do an ultrasound again to make sure that the procedure was successful and to exclude incomplete expulsion of the fetal egg from the uterus. In this case, the woman is assigned manual scraping.

Possibility of procedure failure

Each country sets its own deadlines for legal medical abortion, and you should understand that the higher the term at which the abortion is performed, the more likely it is that you will have to do a second purge. In the USA, medical abortion is allowed up to 7 weeks, in Britain there are no such clear restrictions, different rules apply, in some cases you can do up to 8 weeks, sometimes up to 9-13 and even up to 24 weeks.

In Russia, it is believed that medical abortion is best done before 6 weeks, sometimes up to 9 weeks, but most doctors do not want to take on such a responsibility. In their opinion, late medical abortion can cause serious side effects, such as bleeding or inflammation in the uterus caused by the remnants of the placenta. Therefore, at a later date, additional cleaning is mandatory. It turns out that the earlier a woman turns to a gynecologist, the higher the effectiveness of medical abortion, and the longer the period, the lower the effectiveness of the procedure and the greater the likelihood of complications.

At the first abortion, the risk of incomplete termination of pregnancy is higher. You can see this on the control ultrasound. With an increase in the gestational age, the possibility of maintaining a pregnancy increases, this can be tracked at a follow-up examination 1.5 - 2 weeks after the abortion. In general, studies show that partial removal of the ovum occurs in 3%-5% of cases, and pregnancy is maintained in no more than 1% of cases of the total number of medical abortions.

Contraindications and side effects

As with any medical procedure, complications can occur with medical abortion. They are quite rare, but every woman should know consequences of the procedure:

• continuation of pregnancy. In 1%-2% of cases, abortion may not occur.
• Strong.
• Profuse uterine bleeding. May develop due to incomplete removal of the fetal egg.
• Fever, chills, weakness.
• Nausea,. In such cases, the doctor may decide to re-use the medication.
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases of the genitourinary system.
• Hormonal disbalance.
• Inflammation of the uterus and appendages. Sometimes it occurs due to the spread of infection from the urinary tract. At the same time, the temperature rises, the stomach hurts a lot, discharge appears.
• Problems with uterine repair, for example, hematometra (blood in the uterus) or subinvolution in the uterus (delayed organ recovery). There are problems with the cycle, abdominal pain.
• Prolonged bleeding, which can last up to 2 weeks, is associated with hormonal imbalance. Approximately 3% -5% of women after a pill abortion have a cycle disorder, with a conventional abortion, the percentage rises to 12% -15%. The reason for this phenomenon is considered to be neuroendocrine disorders due to a violation of the ability of the endometrium to recover. In women who have given birth, the cycle is restored within 4 months, in those who have not given birth - six months.

There are certain contraindications for medical abortion, so a woman must first be examined by a gynecologist. Doctors note situations when a woman takes pills on her own, after which life-threatening complications arise. For example, it passes, just like normal, but in this case, medical abortion is contraindicated. Taking pills is fraught with rupture of the fallopian tube and death or, at best, infertility. Below highlight the main contraindications to medical abortion that you should know about:

• or suspicion of it.
• Renal and adrenal insufficiency.
• Diseases associated with impaired blood clotting.
• Inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system.
• Myoma of the uterus.
• Long-term use of corticosteroids.

Failure to comply with contraindications often leads to unpredictable consequences and can be fatal, therefore, before starting the procedure, undergo a full examination by a qualified gynecologist and read information about medical abortion.

Negative consequences

At such an early stage, the decision to terminate the pregnancy is made by the woman herself. As experience shows, the most common grounds for abortion are:

Before making a decision, think carefully about the consequences and about the life of the unborn baby. Pregnancy triggers certain mechanisms in a woman's body and completely changes the hormonal background. Artificial termination of pregnancy does not go unnoticed, it is a serious stress for the body, so the reverse restructuring of all processes can slow down or go away with complications that will have to be treated.

In most women, after an abortion, the cycle goes astray, menstruation is irregular and painful. Usually this is the first herald that more serious problems begin. Another common complication is uterine bleeding. If it is not stopped in time, it can be fatal. Often in women there is a malfunction, the load on the adrenal glands increases, and this disrupts the metabolism. The production decreases, the amount of the male hormone increases, which stimulates the development of infertility and affects the appearance of a woman.

The breast almost immediately reacts to the occurrence of pregnancy, therefore, after an abortion, it suffers in the first place - the appearance of tumors and neoplasms is possible. Nulliparous women after an abortion are doubly at risk of developing infertility. Studies have shown that three out of ten women who have an abortion cannot subsequently have children.

The medical consequences of the procedure can be irreversible, so later, when the desire to have children appears, not everyone will be able to get pregnant - there is always a risk of developing secondary infertility. Any medical intervention, even the most seemingly harmless, can have side effects, even death. Therefore, do not joke with your health - it is preferable to carry out competent prevention of unwanted pregnancy, so that later you do not have to solve the issue by drastic methods.