The project “These amazing stones. The project "The amazing world of stones" Project about the stones of the Urals in the preparatory group
Research
"Journey to the World of Stone"
Completed by a student
1 "b" class
MBOU "Polevobikshikskaya secondary school"
Markidanova Diana
scientific adviser
Pavlova G.R.
2009
Journey to the world of stone
Introduction. Often, when I come home from a walk, there are many different pebbles in my pockets. They can be found anywhere: on the streets of the city, on the banks of a river, lake, in a stream, and even in a grandmother's garden. And I wondered where they come from? They are so different from each other, but we all call them with one word - a stone. But, perhaps, each of them has its own name? We need to figure this out for sure.Goal and tasks:
Explore the rocks that surround us.
Learn as much as possible about stones (what they are, their names, stories associated with stones, how they appeared on Earth).
Are there edible rocks?
Get to know some of the properties of the stone; establish simple connections, draw conclusions;
Gather a collection of stones.
Start compiling a description of the rocks and minerals of the collection.
Research methodology.
View literature on the topic;
Excursions around the neighborhood and beyond;
Collecting a collection of stones (stone in nature, in construction, at home, at school);
Drawing up a description of the collection;
Photographing interesting objects;
Creation of the author's presentation.
Traveling to the world of stone is a very exciting experience. Studying the stones, you will definitely go to the distant past of our planet and the area where I live. There are countless different stones on Earth: beautiful and not very beautiful, of different colors and shapes. The beauty! I admire the stones and think: after all, each of them has some kind of secret and a hundred mysteries. And not all of them, probably, are revealed and solved. And how much these stones have seen in their lifetime! So I wanted to know what secrets they hide in themselves. How many of them, how do they differ from each other, are there edible stones, the history of their appearance on Earth, and what benefits do stones bring to people?
I tried to find answers to these and other questions in my work.
Main part
Stone
If you carefully examine the pebble, you will notice that it is often multi-colored - or striped, due to piercing veins, or spotted, or with irregularly shaped stains. This is because the pebble is made up of different minerals. Minerals differ in color, hardness, weight and composition. Of them, like bricks, the world of inanimate nature around us consists - beautiful "ornamental", precious stones (jade, agate, turquoise, garnet, diamond, sapphire) - these are also minerals and semi-precious stones.
1.2. The history of the origin of the stone.
Where does the history of the stone begin? Academician A.E. Fersman said that the history of the stone begins with the remotest epochs of human existence. But didn’t stone exist on Earth before the appearance of man? There was. And this is confirmed by geology. The stone is as old as our Earth. It is an integral part of the Earth and especially its upper part - the earth's crust. The stone is inseparable from the Earth and participates in its geological history.
Minerals appeared at the earliest stage of the development of the Earth as a planet. They are the very first witnesses to the geological history of the Earth. As G. H. Andersen wrote, the novel of the Earth is more interesting than all novels: one has to read through layers, silicon layers of various earth periods.
Everything rocks depending on the conditions of education are divided into three groups: primary (igneous), secondary (sedimentary) and modified (transformed or metamorphic).
Rocks form the relief of the earth's surface. The stone is a witness to changes in the earth's surface under the influence of not only external forces of nature, but also other internal forces hidden in the depths of the Earth and manifesting itself at times in the form of volcanic eruptions and destructive earthquakes. For millions and billions of years, the stone lay motionless and eternally on the surface of the Earth, forming, against the backdrop of the natural landscape of the most ancient epochs of the Earth, "permanent local objects" appearing on the screen of a modern radar. In those days, the stone had no history of its own, or rather it had, but it was very monotonous. Only with the advent of a man who began to dig it out of the ground and use it for his own needs, a new history of the stone began. It was associated with its extraction, processing, use, and in some cases even destruction. The stone, as it were, went through stages birth, life and destruction...
Each stone has its own special properties, its name, composition, and appearance. A stone in a rock is like a person in a crowd: he has his own face, character, clothes.
1.3. Variety of stones.
Stone one of the most durable building materials, it must be said that durability primarily depends on the type of stone. Today, about 3,500 types of stones are known, but only a few dozen are common on the surface of the earth.
Natural stone- natural building material.
natural stone name all the rocks used in construction. These can be attributed marble, granite, tuff, slate, sandstone, Andlimestone And onyx.
Natural stone is one of the oldest materials used by people for building houses or cladding facades. Due to its beauty, strength and durability, natural stone is an adornment of palaces, temples, estates or ordinary houses. In the interior, natural stone can be used in different variations.
Most often, natural stones are used in the cladding of buildings, both inside and out. For interior cladding, special marble or granite wallpapers are used. The combination of mosaic patterns and patterned structures gives beauty and richness to the exterior.
Facade cladding with natural stone is also very popular. Firstly, it is an attractive appearance, and secondly, it is a very environmentally friendly and at the same time very durable material. Also, natural stone is wear-resistant, frost-resistant and almost does not absorb moisture. The disadvantage of this material is the relative high cost.
Preciousand semi-preciousstones - minerals, which have a beautiful appearance (as a rule, only after polishing or cutting) and at the same time are quite rare, and as a result, expensive. They are widely used for the production jewelry, collected in collectionyah, used as banking assets. Difficult-looking imitations of most gems are artificially made, imitations or fakes of many gems were made back in ancient Rome (these days, such synthetic stones and imitations of gems are very popular, as they are much cheaper). In 1902, the French chemist M. A. Verneuil first received and began to supply synthetic rubies, and a little later synthetic sapphires and synthetic spinel. The appearance of a large number of synthetic stones did not reduce, but, on the contrary, increased the value and cost of natural, natural gems. Less rare minerals are often referred to as semi-precious.
The section mineralogy, called gemsology.
With the development of human society and the development of nature, more and more useful properties of stone were revealed, its use expanded and its history became more complicated. Therefore, modern life is unthinkable without stone.
1.4. Stones around us.
Halite.
We do deal with many minerals in everyday life. And literally every day - with the most vital, irreplaceable mineral No. 1 - ordinary table (rock) salt, halite. The common salt we eat is a mineral that geologists call halite. Salt is not only dissolved in sea water. It is also found in the mountains in the form of crystals. This rock salt is called halite. It is the only mineral that can be eaten. The name comes from the Greek "gallos" - sea salt. In color, it is predominantly white, sometimes colorless. Sometimes, due to impurities of other minerals, it acquires an intense blue or red color.
Coal.
I found this stone in my grandmother's yard. It turned out to be a fire stone.
This combustible stone in the fire is heated, poured with a red flame, hot, like a fire becomes and burns itself.
For a long time, the fire-stone in the hearth for a person saved heat in the cold. With his combustible power, he learned to move cars. People have learned to turn the fiery heat of the heat-stone into electricity. Fire-stone, light-stone, and seemingly modest dark stone, you can’t say that it hides so much heat and light. It is, of course, coal.
Where did he come from? It all started many, many years ago, when the Earth was a realm of forests and swamps. Stepping on the forests, the swamp water flooded all the land around the giant trees, washed away their roots and the trees died. And the giants fell into the muddy marsh slush. For a long time, a thick layer of caked plants accumulates underground. What thousands of years ago was mighty vegetation turns into a brown mass - peat. Squeezed by layers of earth, peat gradually hardens, petrifies and turns into stone - brown coal. And if brown coal is compressed very strongly underground, it gradually turns into black coal, and then into anthracite.
In addition to heat and energy, coal gave us many other gifts: plastic toys, medicinal and aromatic substances, car tires, fishing nets, paints and varnishes.
Here it is strong, beautiful and iridescent, this black modest stone, extracted from the air and light by ancient plants. Isn't it a miracle! .
Granite.
I found this motley stone by the road. In the encyclopedia "Geography of the World" in the guide for a novice geologist, I found my stranger - this is granite.
Granite! The word itself has strength and power. But this mighty stone got its name from the word “grain”. "Granum" - so in the ancient language - Latin - the words "grain", "grain", "grain" sound. From the word "granum" came the name "granite".
If you look closely at polished granite, you can see that it is all as if made up of stone grains. And they are not only different in color, they are also different types. Granite consists mainly of three stones - sparkling quartz, dark mica, colorful feldspar. Most of all, feldspar is in granite, and it gives it color. If the spar is reddish, then the granite seems to us reddish, if the spar is gray, then the granite is gray ...
Granite is a powerful building material.
A piece of chalk.
This stone was pointed out to me by my mother. But it doesn't look like a stone at all, I wondered. Every schoolchild is familiar with this stone, we write it on the blackboard. Of course it's chalk.
Once lived in the ancient sea-ocean small creatures-crustaceans, sea snails and other sea people. How many of them were in the sea-ocean? But as in a cloud of drops. And each drop-snail had its own house - a shell. And the whole ocean was full of these living clouds, like the sky before the rain.
And, true, “rain” poured from obsolete shells to the bottom of the sea. For thousands of years, the shell shower continued without interruption. And along with the shells, the skeletons of various sea creatures, and the shells of crustaceans, and fragments of buildings that small marine inhabitants make, sank to the bottom. All this is mixed and caked under water into a real stone - shell rock. So many years have passed, and where there was a seabed, now land. After all, the surface of the Earth is constantly in motion - it rises, falls, gathers into huge folds ... it happens very slowly. Many, many years ago, a thick shell blanket covered the seabed, and today we can travel through the mountains, which consist entirely of white stone - limestone.
On land, with these limestone sea stones, various changes occur over a long time, and finally our assistant chalk is formed.
Clay.
2. access to the computer,
3.observation,
4.study of samples from the collection.
^ Study plan was like this:
To study the origin of stones, to reveal the properties of stones with the help of experiments and experiments, their use in everyday life.
Find out how you can replenish the collection of minerals.
Stone it is a natural material and rock used in many industries, including construction.
Where does the history of the stone begin?
According to scientists, stones are as old as our planet. The stone is an integral part of the earth and it is inseparable from the earth.
Each stone has its own special properties, its name, composition, and appearance. Today, about 3500 types of stones are known.
Natural stone- natural building material. People use it when facing buildings both from the inside and outside.
Preciousand semi-preciousstones have a beautiful appearance, they are quite rare and expensive. They are used to produce jewelry, collected in collections, used as banking assets.
We deal with many minerals in everyday life. And literally every day.
Mineral No. 1- ordinary cooking (stone)salt, halite White. Used in everyday life for cooking.
Mineral number 2. A piece of chalk. Homogeneous, soft, loose, writes well on the board.
Mineral No. 3. Coal. Black, homogeneous, solid. Used in the manufacture of plastic toys, medicines, varnishes and paints, in obtaining heat and energy.
I also collected 20 types of stones from the Energy of Stones magazine series. They are so beautiful, look. Now I want to show you how properties these stones.
Experience number 1. Determination of color and shape.
Output: Stones vary in color and shape.
Experience number 2. Determining the size.
Output: stones come in different sizes.
Experience No. 3. Determining the nature of the surface.
Output: stone can be smooth or rough.
Output: The surface of the stone has different patterns: Dots, paths, depressions, dimples, patterns, etc.
Experience No. 4. Determining the weight of a stone.
Output: Stones come in different weights: light, heavy.
Experience No. 5. Temperature determination.
The stones are cold . We put them in the palm of our hands, inhale through the nose, and exhale through the mouth.
Output: the stones are cold, but they heat up quickly.
Experience No. 6. Density determination (determined with a sponge)
Output: rocks are hard and dense.
Experiment No. 7. Determination of buoyancy.
Output: stones sink in water because they are heavy and dense.
After doing my research, I have established that :
From stones, as from bricks, the world of inanimate nature around us consists;
- about 3500 types of stones are known;
- the process of formation of stones occurs deep in the bowels of the Earth;
- the only mineral that can be eaten is halite, or table salt;
- minerals are widely used in construction and industry;
- you can search for minerals for the collection everywhere!
Based on the data I received, we can conclude that our life without stones would be much more difficult, the world of stones has not been fully explored and is fraught with many mysteries, right under your feet you can find both minerals known to science and discover new ones.
I am very interested in stones. I will continue to collect a collection of stones.
Project type: group, information-cognitive-research. Project duration: 1 week. Project participants: children of the senior group (5-6 years old), educator.
Project relevance: living in a country rich in minerals, children do not have knowledge about the stones and minerals around us. Acquaintance of children with a variety of stones helps to get to know the nature of Russia better. Direct communication with stones has a great influence on the formation of moral feelings in a child, contributes to the formation of an active vocabulary, develops imagination, and contributes to the harmonious development of personality. Involving children in research activities is a means of developing their curiosity, interest and respect for natural resources.
Target: Creation of conditions for the development of cognitive and research abilities of pupils.
Tasks:
1. To teach children research activities aimed at understanding the world around them.
2. Develop mental operations, be able to put forward hypotheses, draw conclusions, activate the vocabulary of children.
3. To form ideas in children about the diversity and characteristics of stones.
4. Introduce children to the role of stones in human life.
5. Cultivate respect for inanimate nature.
6. Develop emotional responsiveness, curiosity, interest in a variety of natural resources.
Expected result:
*Children have formed ideas about the properties of stones, about the features of their appearance, knowledge about the benefits of stones in nature and human life.
* They have an idea about how stones are mined and how they are used, what minerals Russia is rich in.
* Demonstrate cognitive abilities: demonstrate the prerequisites for search activity, intellectual initiative.
* Embody ideas in creative activity.
Stages of project implementation:
Stage 1. Revealing the initial knowledge of children about stones.
What do I know about stones?
Sasha: "Stones can be found in the ground, in the river."
Misha: "All stones are hard."
Lenya: "The stones are not made by human hands, so this is nature."
Olya: “Different decorations are made from them.”
What do we want to know about stones?
Vika: "What are the stones?"
Lenya: “What do people do with stones? Where did the stones come from?
Where to find information?
Arseniy: “You can watch it on the Internet”
Lena: “Look in different magazines”
Nadia: "I'll ask mom and dad."
Selection of demo material on this topic.
A collection of stones collected by children.
Stage 2. Joint activities of an adult and children are carried out taking into account the integration of educational areas:
*Experimental-experimental activity. Lesson "We are geologists." Purpose: to study the properties of stones. Tasks:
- Clarify ideas about the properties of stones: hardness, softness, buoyancy, temperature.
- Develop the speech of children: give a description of the appearance of stones, consolidate the ability to clearly pronounce words; coherently, consistently talk about the subject using a table.
- To cultivate the ability to independently build a hypothesis before experimenting and compare it with the result.
- Introduction to the profession of geologist.
Preliminary work: collection of various stones for the collection, reading and discussion of fairy tales by P. Bazhov.
Equipment: a box with semi-precious stones, a letter, a model of a mountain, a stream, sandbags (bumps), a container of water, illustrations with stone structures.
Handout: stones according to the number of children, tables, pencils and colored pencils, magnifiers, coins. Working aprons, sleeves, caps.
TSO: a laptop with illustrations of stone structures, a radio tape recorder with the sounds of a mountain river, music.
Vocabulary work: geologist, smooth, rough.
* Acquaintance with the outside world: viewing the atlas "Mineral Resources".
* Formation of elementary mathematical representations: Didactic game "How many stones are in our collection."
*Communication: children making creative stories about stones; the child's verbal description of the stone.
* Artistic creativity: drawing with watercolors on stones (children decorated stones with flowers, some painted in the form of insects).
* Didactic games with stones for the development of sensory abilities, fine motor skills.
* Role-playing game "In search of treasure" (the game was played on the street).
*Safety: talk "How to behave in the laboratory during work" (study of the properties of stones).
* Outdoor game for a walk: "Find your stone."
*Reading fiction: the tale of I.N. Ryzhova “What the Pebbles Whispered About”, P. Bazhov “Malachite Box”, “Silver Hoof”, “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”.
*Viewing a series of photographs "Structures of stones".
* Collaboration with the family: selection of stones for the collection.
Stage 3. We created a set of large and small stones for the development of fine motor skills. Designed a mini-museum "Amazing Stones".
Elena Shovina
View project: long term
Implementation timeline: 2010-2012.
Members: children of different age groups, parents of pupils, educators.
Educational areas: cognition, artistic creativity, physical development, speech development.
Target: To form in children a sense of pride in their native land, to cultivate a careful attitude to natural resources in the bowels of the earth.
Tasks:
Learning Component:
Give children ideas about stones different origin.
Build the ability to explore stones, name their properties and features.
Educational component:
To form an interest in objects of inanimate nature.
Develop aesthetic taste when getting acquainted with products from stone. Cultivate respect for stones and objects made from them. To cultivate moral and patriotic feelings for the native land.
Relevance:
Mini- a museum in a preschool educational institution.
Many of us remember the lines of S. Mikhalkov: “On Sunday, my sister and I left the yard. “I will take you to the museum,” my sister told me.”
But what if there is no way to go to the museum on Sunday?
There is a museum in our city. However, parents with children cannot often visit them. The reasons are very different. -Firstly, our kindergarten is separated from the city center, where the museum is located. – Secondly, many parents believe that it is too early for preschoolers to visit museums. - Thirdly, many parents do not come up with the idea of such an excursion. That is why we decided to create our own museum.
What's happened mini museum? In our group, he occupied a small part of the group room. The museum was created for the youngest visitors and is open to them all the time. Our small mini museum, cozy, in something even homely. The most important thing is that both the children themselves and their parents took part in its creation. Our museum contains exhibits that can be touched, smelled, viewed. You can play with the exhibits.
And this feature is very attractive to children. And once they have an interest, learning becomes more effective.
When organizing mini-museum we relied on the following principles:
1. Operation principle;
2. The principle of variability;
3. The principle of continuity;
4. The principle of humanity.
Content Work Plan mini-museum.
Preparatory stage:
1. Definition of the theme and name of the museum;
2. Choosing a place for accommodation;
3. Choice of the initiative group.
Practical stage:
1. Collection of exhibits;
2. Design of the exhibition;
3. Individual work with children;
4. Conducting excursions.
Summarizing:
1. Presentation;
2. Creation of albums;
3. Exhibition of exhibits;
4. Meeting of the initiative group.
Characteristic mini-museum«» .
1. Collection stones(15 types unprocessed);
2. Collection stones(20 types processed);
4. River stones;
5. Figurines (from marble);
6. Caskets (from coil);
8. Souvenirs.
Perspective plan for children of different ages groups:
September.
Watching a movie "Mistress of Copper Mountain".
Watching a cartoon "Silver Hoof".
visit mini-museum« The magical world of the Ural stones» .
Experience "Light-hard",
The game "What shape is the stone",
"Fun Geometry".
Experimental - experimental activity "Visiting the Mistress of the Copper Mountain".
"What are stones".
Game "Count the stones"
"Find the same one"
"Know by touch".
Conversation Why do living beings need stones» .
Examination of products from stone(figurines, jewelry, beads, souvenirs).
modeling "Gift for Mom" (malachite beads).
Game "Collect beads".
Table theater "Theater stones"(from marble).
modeling "Rhodonite brooches".
"Miracle tree" - making by the hands of parents and children of a tree from stones.
Planned result:
Children must learn to navigate the world stone. Know their properties, features, meaning and application by man.
List of used literature:
1. N. A. Ryzhova" Mini- a museum in a kindergarten as a form of work with children and parents" Moscow, Pedagogical University "First of September", 2010.
2. "Museum Pedagogy", edited by A. N. Morozova.
3. N. A. Ryzhova "Developing environment of preschool institutions" M.: Linka-Press, 2004.
Related publications:
Research and creative project to create a mini-museum "Wooden Miracle" together with the parents The purpose of the project: To create conditions for the formation of pupils' ideas about the properties of wood, as a material and about the use of wood.
The project of creating a mini-museum "Dairy Country" Relevance: What kind of lifestyle in children can be called healthy? It is the one that does not harm their health, the one that supports.
Mini project of the group No. 7 "WORLD OF STONES" Prepared and conducted by: Bykovskaya T. Yu. "The World of Stones". Relevance - preschool.
Project type: short-term group research project with a given result and elements of creativity for children 5-6 years old.
Project duration: 2 months.
Project participants: children of a speech therapy group, parents of pupils, educators.
Educational area: cognitive development.
The urgency of the problem.
In preschool childhood, the foundations of a person's personal culture are laid, children get acquainted with the world around them. The child learns the world around him, learns to navigate in the phenomena of the surrounding nature, objects created by human hands. In order to form a holistic view of the environment in children, it is necessary to pay more attention to the comprehensive study of nature.
Do we always carefully look under our feet, not only in order not to stumble and fall, but also in order to find, lift and examine one of the wonders of nature - a stone? Acquaintance of children with stones contributes to the expansion of horizons; the ability to determine the materials from which objects are made, to establish relationships between the properties and characteristics of various materials, to determine the origin of man-made objects, the professions of people; the ability to examine objects using a system of sensory standards and perceptual actions, to group objects in accordance with the cognitive task.
Objective of the project: creation of conditions for the development of cognitive and creative abilities of pupils in the process of implementing the educational project "Stones are interesting".
Project objectives:
- to form in children of preparatory preschool age elementary ideas about the variety of stones, the ability to examine them and name their properties;
- to form the ability to highlight the features of different stones, describe them, compare them with other objects;
- to introduce children to the role of stones in human life, some stones that people have been using for their own purposes since ancient times;
- to cultivate a careful conscious attitude towards inanimate nature;
- develop emotional responsiveness, curiosity, interest in a variety of natural resources, ecological culture of preschoolers;
- promote individual self-expression, creative abilities of children in the process of productive creative activity;
- to promote the formation of search and research skills, the development of intellectual initiative, the ability to determine possible methods for solving a problem with the help of an adult, and then independently.
Expected result:
- children can name the properties of stones;
- preschoolers have an idea about some of the features of the appearance of stones;
- children know about the benefits of stones in nature and human life;
- children can find similarities and differences in stones;
- preschoolers compose a descriptive story about stones based on illustrative material;
- design of the thematic album "The World of Stones";
- creation of a collection of stones.
Preliminary work:
- search work on the selection of illustrative material on the topic "Stones are interesting";
- examining objects made of stone (jewelry, vases, writing instruments, small sculptures, etc.);
- acquaintance with literary works: The Brothers Grimm "White and Rose", "Why": What is underground wealth? What were the stones whispering about? P. Bazhov "Malachite Box", "Silver Hoof", "Mistress of the Copper Mountain";
- learning proverbs and sayings about a stone, playing finger gymnastics “How I took a stone”;
- watching the cartoons "Malachite Box", "Stone Flower", "Plasticine Story";
- drawing products, objects made of stone.
Family collaboration:
- compiling a thematic album "The World of Stones";
- do-it-yourself creative idea "Transformation of a pebble";
- registration together with parents in the group "Collections of stones";
- selection of fiction and cartoons.
Final event: exhibition of drawings based on the work of P. Bazhov: "Malachite Box".
Project activity product: a story about stones using illustrations and the thematic album “The World of Stones”, design in the “Collections of Stones” group, a creative idea with their own hands “The Transformation of a Stone”, an exhibition of drawings based on the works of P. Bazhov.
Project Implementation Plan:
Activities |
results |
Registration form |
|
1. Conversations “Where do stones come from?”, “Stones in nature”, “Stones. How a person uses stones. |
Formation of children's ideas about stones: their purpose in nature and human use. |
Abstract of the lesson "Stones". |
|
2. Exhibition of children's creative works based on the works of P. Bazhov |
Creative product of visual activity |
Exhibition of children's creative works. |
|
3. Creative workshop "Transformation of a stone" |
Creation of artistic images based on natural forms |
Exhibition of creative works. |
|
4. Joint activities of children and parents - a selection of information and design of pages for compiling the album "The World of Stone". |
Promoting cooperation between children and adults |
Page design for the album "The World of Stone" |
Lesson "Visiting the mistress of the Copper Mountain"
Target: introducing children to the diversity of the world of stones.
Tasks:
- clarify children's ideas about the stone, its properties (the stone is solid, does not crumble; stones are diverse in color, shape, size);
- to acquaint with the ways of using stone by man (in construction, sculpture, in the creation of jewelry);
- expand ideas about the professions of people working with stone;
- to acquaint children with where and how stone is mined, what tools are used to process it;
- develop the conversational speech of children, expand the active vocabulary;
- to cultivate interest in observations, the desire to do simple experiments;
- to learn to independently draw conclusions, draw conclusions;
- encourage children to express themselves in drawing, develop fantasy and creative imagination;
- develop respect for nature.
Preliminary work: reading the tales of P.P. Bazhov "Malachite Box", "Stone Flower", "Mining Master", "Mistress of the Copper Mountain".
Preparing for the lesson.
Materials for experiments:
4 transparent vessels with water, wooden sticks;
- 4 trays with stones of different colors, shapes and sizes; pieces of foam, plasticine, dry clay, wood, chalk, soap, sugar;
- wooden block, stone, hammer, 2 nails.
Illustrative material. Photographs of small sculptures depicting people and animals; architectural structures; Moscow metro stations; Japanese rock garden; photographs of mountains; stone deposits; photographs or illustrations depicting stone working tools.
Exhibition of stone products: a collection of minerals, jewelry, small sculptures, caskets, watches, paintings, crockery, chess.
On a separate drawing table: oilcloths, A3 and A4 paper, colored pencils, sanguine, charcoal, watercolor, gouache, brushes of various sizes, cups of water, rags, palette.
Lesson progress:
Educator. Guys, recently we read Pavel Petrovich Bazhov's tale "The Malachite Box". And today the Mistress of the copper mountain herself came to visit us.
An adult dressed as the Mistress of the Copper Mountain enters..
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Hello! I learned that in this kindergarten, children know a lot about nature, love it, cherish it, they are well versed in my world - the world of stones. Somehow I don't believe that you know so well what a stone is; what properties it has.
caregiver. Yes, our guys know all this very well. Yes, you, Hostess, do not hesitate, but check it out better!
The hostess of the Copper Mountain invites the children to divide into 4 teams and go to the tables on which there are vessels with water, sticks; hands out a tray of items to each team.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. And now, guys, take one object from the tray, examine, feel, smell, weigh in your hand (a heavy object or a light one) and try to determine what it is. And water will help you with this: dip your item in water and stir it with a wooden stick. See if it sinks or floats on the surface, dissolves, crumbles, colors the water, etc. Make a conclusion: whether all objects are stones.
The children conduct the experiment, and the Mistress of the Copper Mountain observes the actions of the children, helps with advice, and asks questions. In conclusion, he asks what kind of objects they had on the trays; helps children to clarify their properties. With its help, children conclude: stones are diverse in shape, size, color; they are solid, do not crumble, do not dissolve in water, heavy - therefore they sink in water.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Yes, indeed, all of you were able to identify stones among a large number of various objects. They are actually very solid. Do you want to see how much harder stone is than wood?
The Mistress of the Copper Mountain takes a bar and hammers a nail into it.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Look, although the wood is hard, I can easily drive a nail into it. And now I'll try to hammer a nail into this stone. Do you think I will succeed? (scores). What happened? The nail is metal, hard, but it bent when it hit the stone.
Guys, we are convinced that the stone is very hard, durable. How do you think people use this property of the stone in their lives? (Build buildings, fortresses, roads). For example, Moscow used to be built of stone (Moscow Belokamennaya). Still people make sculptures out of stone. The sculpture depicts sometimes a person, sometimes animals (showing illustrations).
Why do people create sculpture? Sculpture, like other ancient stone structures, helps us to travel in time, allows us to look into the past. They are so durable that they have been preserved for centuries, thanks to which we see and know how people lived many centuries ago: what buildings they lived in, what they looked like, what clothes they had, hairstyles.
- And if we go down to the subway, what will we see? Moscow metro stations are decorated with stone: arches, vaults, floors and columns, sculptures, mosaics. The Moscow metro is the most beautiful in the world.
- And in Japan, landscape designers create beautiful compositions - Rock gardens (showing photos). They contain stones of different shapes, sizes, colors. They are located in gardens, on lawns. Why do you think the Japanese create such gardens? They believe that in the Rock Garden one can relax well, rest, reflect, think, dream up. After all, the garden looks different all the time - in the morning, afternoon or evening, in sunny and cloudy weather.
- Stones are very diverse. They are not only solid and durable, but also very beautiful. I invite you guys to an exhibition of stone products, see what people make from this material. To create such beautiful things, you have to work hard for a lot of people. A stone is born in the bowels of the earth; Mountains keep huge riches in themselves - this is a real treasury of the planet. In Russia, these are the Ural Mountains (showing photos). Stones are mined at special deposits, and now special equipment is used for this.
People of different professions work with stone, let's call them together: geologists, sculptors, landscape designers, builders, jewelers, stone cutters, cutters. There are even such doctors - naturopaths - they also work with stone. Using precious stones of different colors, they treat many diseases.
Many poets and writers sang the beauty of the stone. Who can name such authors? And how many proverbs and sayings about stone:
- What do you think the proverb “Water wears away a stone” means?
- And about what kind of person do they say “He has a stone heart”?
- And in what cases do they say "Frozen with a stone face"?
- Here we are, guys, and found out how people use stone in their lives. And now I suggest you play:
With a friend, we'll go for a walk, - get up in pairs, walk in place
We will find a river - a stone.
The river murmurs merrily
And runs over the rocks.
Across the river we are together - walking in place
Let's cross over the bridge.
The stone bridge stands fingers joined in front of the chest
The river gurgles merrily. - arms forward, "wave" movement
The house is built of stones, fist-to-fist movement
We will go into it with you. - hands above the head in the form of a "roof"
House made of stones,
Always open to friends! - hands to the sides palms forward
Mistress of Copper Mountain. I heard you guys are very good at drawing. Do you remember how Danila the master could not create a stone flower for a long, long time? I am very interested in how you imagine a stone flower. Let's fantasize! Let each of you come up with your own stone flower and draw it with any of the materials proposed here.
Children choose paper and materials, sit down at tables, draw. After the end of the work, they all organize an exhibition together, admire the drawings.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Guys, you surprised me today! What beautiful, different flowers they all turned out to be! Goodbye guys, I've got to go! And if you want to plunge into the wonderful world of stone again, visit the Stone Museum in Moscow. And also - look around you more often, and you will certainly meet the silent inhabitants of my stone kingdom.
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Annual project "My special interest is stones"
Completed by a student of the 1B class of Mirgorod Alexey, Kirovsk, 2016
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I chose this topic because stones have played a big role in human life since the dawn of mankind. I wanted to learn about the history and benefits of stones. Get acquainted with the work of famous writers and poets who wrote about stones. And most of all I am curious about what interesting and necessary things can be done with the help of stones.
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There was such a period on Earth a very, very long time ago, which was called the Stone Age. People lived in stone caves, some cobblestone served as a pillow, and the tools of labor and hunting were also made of stone.
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MAN LEARNED TO USE STONES
When writing was born, a person began to write on papyrus, this is the prototype of paper, in Russia they wrote on birch bark, and they also carved letters on stone. From the first fairy tales that were read to me, the way was shown to the hero by a guiding stone.
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archaeological finds
Archaeologists find fossils of various animals, birds, and plants in the earth. According to them, they determine their age, find out what animals and birds lived on earth many years ago and how they looked.
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I have a book called The Malachite Box at home. In it, the writer Pavel Bazhov talks about the work of stone cutters and various stones that are found in the ground. Most of Danila the craftsman's products are made from a stone called malachite, which is mined in the Ural mountains.
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Writers, poets and artists about stones
And here is what the famous poet Ivan Bunin wrote about stones in his poem “The whole sea is a pearl mirror ...”: Rocks froze in the water near the coast, Liquid emerald shines under them, And there, in the distance, and pearls and opals Flow along golden yakhonts .. .
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Writers, poets and artists about stones
Famous artists also liked to depict stones in their paintings. Alyonushka in the painting by V. M. Vasnetsov sits on a stone surrounded by other stones.
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Interesting about stones
When I got older, the whole family went to the sea. There, on the seashore, I collected various pebbles. Most of them have a flat shape and a smooth surface. Because they are constantly washed by water. On such pebbles, artists draw various drawings.
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Interesting about stones
At our dacha, my grandmother made an alpine slide. This is such a flower bed. It consists of stones of different sizes. And flowers are planted between the stones. When the flowers bloom, such a flower bed looks very beautiful. And we can walk on stones even in the middle of a flower bed.
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I recently learned that there are rock gardens in Japan.
Interesting about stones
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At home we have a small collection of stones. My favorite is blue agate.
Interesting about stones
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Different stones have their own properties. It is believed that some stones can protect a person, some give strength to a person, and some heal. They are applied to a sore spot, ground into powder and ointments are made. There are stones from which jewelry is made: beads, bracelets, rings and earrings are decorated with them. As a rule, these are precious and semi-precious stones. There are also gemstones. They make caskets, small and large vases, various figures.
Properties of stones
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Planetarium staff came to our school. From them I learned that the planets are made of rocks and other substances. For example, the rings of one of the eight planets in Saturn's solar system are made up of dust, ice, and rocks.
Stones in space
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Comets, asteroids and meteorites come to our earth from outer space.
Stones in space
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"Stone Jungle"
I recently heard that cities are called stone jungles. Grandfather explained to me that houses are built of sand and cement. When sand, water and cement are mixed, concrete is obtained. If you make a different composition of sand and cement, you can get concrete of different strength. And even very durable, which is not inferior in strength to suitable stones. And since houses are built high, our cities are like forests, only instead of trees there are high houses.