What changes during pregnancy. Effect of pregnancy on woman's body. Positive effect of pregnancy

Of course, most women during pregnancy are waiting for a rapidly growing abdomen and increased breasts, but you may not know what the structure of your skin changes and that the teeth, arms and legs can also be changed.

Many physical changes that you will experience during pregnancy will be positive: Soft body circuit breakers, blooming look and thick shiny hair, which will give you feel more sexually attractive than ever. However, be prepared for the fact that some changes do not add attractiveness: inflated ankles, varicose veins and peeling skin, which is common in pregnancy.

More chest

One of the very first and most amazing changes in your body will happen to the breast. As soon as you find that you are pregnant, you will not have to notice that the chest become more and more sensitive. Around the 16th week of the Nipples and Areolas (dark areas, surrounding nipples) will be much darker. Nipples will begin to perform more, and the glands on the aroles, known as Montgomery tubercles, will increase, forming "goose skin".

The mentioned changes are caused by the appearance in the body during pregnancy a large number of estrogen and progesterone. These hormones lead to the development of an extensive system of ducts in the chest in the process of preparing for the production of milk and breastfeeding after the birth of a child.

With the development of pregnancy, the veins on the chest become clearer, providing blood flow. Nipples from time to time can be released a transparent or golden liquid, known as colostrum. It is his first to consume a child before it becomes produced by real milk. Good breast care during pregnancy will help prepare her to breastfeeding and remove discomfort, which you may experience.

Hair growth and nails

During pregnancy, the nails on their hands and legs are likely to become stronger than before, and will grow with an incredible speed. This is due to the acceleration of metabolism and blood circulation due to pregnancy hormones. About how to care for nails.

Pregnancy also accelerates hair growth on the head, which begin to look thick. However, the hair may appear where they were not before, for example on her belly or face. The best way to remove them is accumulating or applying wax. It is possible to better avoid the use of creams for epilation or bleaching, as the skin can be discharged poorly to the chemicals that are contained in them.

Healthy weight gain

Ideally, you should start a pregnancy with a normal weight and gradually chose it, which will help you to stay healthy. What weight you get, depends on several factors, including how many children you wear.

Your body mass indexMark your weight to pregnancy on the vertical scale of the table, and the growth is horizontal. The lines intersection point will show the body mass index (BMI). The cream color area reflects the perfect range of BMI with which a woman should be taken into a pregnancy.

♦ If your BMI is 19 and below, then you have a lack of weight.

♦ If your BMI is between 19 and 26, you have a healthy weight.

♦ If BMI is equal to 27-30, then you have an excess weight.

♦ If NM is above 30, you suffer obesity.

Weight gain.The table above shows the recommended increase in weight for body mass index. However, remember that it concerns pregnancy with one child. The speed with which you will gain weight can change from the week to the week. And, unfortunately, little is known about the best time for grade weight during pregnancy. In some studies, it is assumed that a slight increase in weight at an early stage, when you may suffer from morning nausea, has a smaller impact on the growth of the embryo than weak weight growth in the second or third trimester. Some women are gaining weight unevenly - first a lot, and later significantly less that is not considered abnormal.

Also remember that the given numbers are just a landmark, since women gaining less or more medium, can have healthy children. But if you have a lack of weight or big

excess, you may advise you to contact a nutrition specialist or a nutritionist for advice regardinghow much and what you need. In ch. 4 in detail the principles of healthy diet during pregnancy.

It is important not to overdo it with respect to your weight. In the UK, doctors stopped weighing women coming on prenatal examinations every time, since the development of the child is more effectively determined by the fetus size.

The above figures belong to the total weight gain throughout the pregnancy, so until the date of delivery you will not know whether your goal has reached. Recommendations are designed for women awaiting one child. If you have a twin or triple, you can gain much greater weight. The average weight gain, which is 15.5-20.5 kg for twins and 20.5-23 kg for triple, probably depends on the duration of pregnancy.

Skin changes

In general, you may find that the skin has become softer because of the ability it is better to hold moisture and that you have characteristic of pregnancy "Rushenets", which is partially caused by an elevated level of hormones. However, you can notice other changes in your skin. Many of them will disappear in the first six months after the birth of the child, but some may remain forever.

Pigmented during the pregnancy period White belly line

You can notice a dark line running from the pubic bone to the navel. Called "Linea Nigra", it is usually more common in women with darker skin.

The skin around the cheeks, nose and eye can also darken. These yellow pigment stains on the face are called chloasm, or "maternity mask", they are dark in the free-skinned women and blonde in dark-skinned. Chloat arises due to hormonal influence on pigment cells of the skin.

Staying in the Sun can entail a darkening of stains.

Spider-like hemangioma

Tiny red specks, called spider-shaped (star) hemangioma or spider-like nonsense, can suddenly appear anywhere in the body. These specks, which acquire white color, are a cluster of blood vessels resulting from a high level of estrogen in the body.

Some women suffering from acne find out that during pregnancy the condition of their skin improves. In others, it worsens, and in women who usually did not have, acne and stains may appear. You can control the appearance of spots by reducing the consumption of fats and regularly perform exercise. Before taking drugs for treating acne, be sure to consult with the attending physician, as they may contain chemicals that can affect the child. Acne and stains usually disappear in the second trimester.

Itching hands and legs

Palm, and sometimes the soles of the legs can redden and get item. Such a phenomenon is called palm erythema, its cause is an elevated level of estrogen. If itching the skin is intolerable, consult your doctor, as it can be a symptom of cholestasis.

Solid Skin Loskut.

Warts on the skin often arise in places of large friction, although it is not entirely clear, because of which they appear. Hurry to the dermatologist to remove them, - the thought is not too good.

Stretch marks occur when the tissue of skin protein collagen is broken due to the rapid stretching of the skin or hormonal changes or the destruction of tissues. Stretch marks appear in three of five pregnant women. Most likely they will be on the stomach, on the sides of the breasts and on the hips, that is, in those places where fat is usually postponed. First, stretching look like pinkish-red stripes that fill up to silver-gray or white for several months after the child's birth. There is a high probability of their appearance if you have already had children if you have gained overweight during pregnancy or have a genetic predisposition to them.

There is no certain path to prevent their appearance. It is better to avoid an excessive weight gain and regularly engage in physical exercises to support muscle tone, which will soften the pressure of the uterus on the skin around it.

Pregnancy causes significant changes in your body. Many of these changes are caused by hormones.

Human gonadotropin, we have already spoken about, is allocated to the growing pocent and ensures that women's ovaries produce ethane and progesterone - hormones necessary for the normal course of pregnancy.

Esthenage contributes to the thickening of the uterus mucosa and the improvement of its blood supply, as well as the development of Milky ducts. Progesterone not only relaxes the uterus without giving it to excessively shrinking, but also distinguishes relaxing - a substance that softens the bundles, cartilage and cervix, allowing them to stretch during childbirth.

In addition to hormonal changes, others are observed. All your body is rebuilt, mobilizing all the forces that you can make a light healthy and strong kid.

Some changes are observed in the genitals of a pregnant woman - large and small sexual lips of pregnant women acquire a bluish shade. Secretion from the vagina may appear, sometimes abundant. The biggest changes occur with the uterus, in which for 9 months it develops and your baby is growing.

Before the start of pregnancy, the uterus weighs about 40-50 g and has a length of 7-8 cm. By the end of the pregnancy, its weight average is 1 kg, and the length of the neck to the bottom is 40-50 cm.

A growing uterus gradually comes out of the area of \u200b\u200ba small pelvis and pushes other organs. This explains the majority of ailments - such as digestive disorders, constipation, varicose veins, shortness of breath.

Preparation for breastfeeding should be started not after delivery, but immediately after you have learned about your pregnancy

Large changes occur with your breast, but it is not wonderful, because it is for several months, and the whole year will be assigned the main function - feeding the baby. The breast increases significantly in size, the near-block circles (the aroles) become dark brown. The blood supply to the nipples is strengthened - you may notice that when contacting with something, they protrude faster. Around the third month of pregnancy from the chest, you can squeeze several drops of future milk - yellow colostrum. Now the most appropriate time to prepare nipples to breastfeeding, as often mother is forced to translate kids to artificial food due to the fact that they did not take care of it on time. And how many kids are devoid of the most important and useful nutrition - milk milk! What measures should be taken so that you can feed the baby breasts, read below.

Share with your husband with your thoughts and experiences, and it will help you cope with this transition period. Remember that he is a father's father, and just like you, is experiencing for your baby.

Together with physical changes in the first months of pregnancy, psychic are often observed. You notice that you have tears on your eyes at the slightest occasion. You want to laugh, then cry. These changes in behavior cannot be confused, and sometimes - we will be honest with themselves - annoy your husband. Often, our men do not represent the fact that in our body there is a whole revolution, and attribute to all the usual female whim. Feel free to try to explain your husband your condition. And be sure to tell me that soon it will end. Time will come, and you both will laugh, remembering what inconvenience caused you the first weeks of pregnancy.

In the first three or four months most pregnant women are nausea and vomiting. In order to facilitate its condition, consulting with the doctor, you can take the following infancy on herbs:

2 h. Spoons of mint, 1 tsp. Valerian root, 2 h. Spoons of dried flowers of the nogot, 1 h. Spoon of yarrow grass, 2 h. Spoons of daisy flowers, 2 h. Spoons of a shepherous bag. All components (the absence of one or two is quite permissible) pour a half cups of steep boiling water and insist for half an hour. After that, the infusion is strain and take on the 4 cup 6 times a day. After 25 days, take a break for 10-15 days, after which renew the treatment.

2 tbsp. Spoons of crushed rosehip fruits, 2 h. Spoons of the Hypericum, 1 h. Spoon of crushed fruits of hawthorn, 1 tbsp. A spoon of herbal grass, 1 h. Spoon of birch kidney, 1 tbsp. Spoon of Taspberry leaves, fruits and strawberry leaves Fill two with half glasses of boiling water, put a minute and a half on fire, then insist for 20 minutes, strain.

Infusion you need to take hot on a half pack three times a day for half an hour before meals.

Many women feel so bad that sometimes they begin to regret what the child is worn. Do not be dressed, nausea will be held in a couple of months, and you will feel normal in the remaining time. The main thing during this period is to avoid the places of the large cluster of people, because the protective forces of your body are significantly weakened. In the event that you have triggered during pregnancy, remember that the influenza virus itself does not affect the baby, but the disease is terrible primarily by the fact that it is accompanied by a high temperature and toxic selection and can lead to premature birth or miscarriage.

Teeth in pregnant women are most susceptible to caries, so they must be taken to carefully carefully - not only twice a day to clean, but also to rinse the mouth every time after eating or drinks, especially sweet.

Large changes occur in the oral cavity, where the digestion process begins. During this period, the salivary glands are more intensively separated by saliva. Its chemical composition also changes, and this can lead to the destruction of dental enamel.

The most significant changes occur in the field of small pelvis - the joints of the bones of the pelvis and the spine become more elastic and flexible, thus facilitating the process of childbirth.

In the second trimester, your pregnancy becomes noticeable for your friends and acquaintances. In the future, your belly is the subject of your pride - even more increases due to the uterus, which seems to be pulling you forward, and this leads to the fact that the center of gravity moves. Watching the pregnant woman, everyone notice that she unwittingly deviates back, as if she was having a heavy in her hands. This is exactly what is called "predominant posture of pregnant women."

Remember that in the second half of pregnancy, the muscles of the abdominal wall are strongly stretched. If pregnancy follows one after another, the muscles will remain stretched. Some women are due to the fact that the skin is strongly stretched, they appear bluish-reddish stripes on the skin of the abdomen, chest and hips. After childbirth, these strips will noticeably brighten, leaving sometimes barely noticeable traces, and sometimes - scars.

Together with the darkening of the nipples, as we have already spoken above, some women have pigmentation of all skin - dark freckles appear, the genitals, hands and legs darken. This pigmentation is called chloasm - stains of pregnancy. Quite often on the skin, a dark strip appears from the pubis to the sternum through the navel - it is a joke called the "path of the track".

You can try to prevent the appearance of scars on the skin with moisturizing creams and lotions. In the pharmacy, you can purchase a special lotion to prevent the appearance of stretch marks during pregnancy. However, I want to warn that there is no evidence of the effectiveness of these funds yet. Approximately half of women, they still appear, regardless of whether they used creams or not. But you can still try. Annotation is usually attached to each similar means.

To combat stretch marks, in no case should be used by children's creams and oils - they will bring the opposite effect, since it is designed to fight with different skin rashes and dry the skin.

To the ninth month of pregnancy, you or your child's father will begin to experience certain concerns about their health or health of their baby. It is quite natural. You may have oppressive thoughts that your life threatens serious danger - and this is also normal, since both pregnancy and childbirth are conjugate with certain difficulties and hazards that decrease with carefully to their health and with timely prenatal care. Those times when the girlfriends were dying, have already passed. Statistical data say that the mortality of the fencers is currently almost equal to zero, and the mortality of newborn is constantly decreasing. Do not forget that you will produce your child under the supervision of qualified specialists, in a well-equipped maternity hospital, where you and your baby will have, if you need timely help. In addition, in all hospitals there are resuscitation devices for newborns, so all your concerns are groundless.

It is difficult not to notice that the woman's waiting for the appearance of the heirs is changing. But these changes are not only external. What happens inside the body? How do individual organs and systems of women react to the birth of a new life? Is the load not too great? Talk about it now.

"Test for strength" and an increase in body weight

From the first days, the fruit needs oxygen and nutrients. The maternal organism itself begins to gradually prepare for childbirth and breastfeeding baby. New tasks affect almost the entire body of the mother: the structure of organs during pregnancy changes somewhat, their functionality is expanding. These changes are programmed by nature, but they do not become less tangible. The load on the human body increases significantly, become a kind of "dough for strength." Those bodies that previously worked on the verge of norm may fail. In time, supporting the body of the mother, we obtain a certain margin of strength and for the fetus.

Not only the location of the organs during pregnancy, but also the weight of the body, the norm is considered to be the increase of 10-12 kg for all 9 months. But the initial indicators should be taken into account, first of all, the BMI index is a body mass index, that is, a harmonious weight ratio and growth.

Chest and genitals during pregnancy

The most pronounced changes are noted in the system of genital organs of the future mother. The genital organs during pregnancy are transformed according to the growth of the embryo. First of all, this is noticeable on the example of the uterus, which not only is constantly increasing in size, but also changes the form with the pear-shaped in the first weeks on the round, and then the ovoid. In the cervical cervix accumulates mucus, and it is not by chance: afterwards it will help to easily promote the child in the generic paths. The vascular system of the uterus also undergoes changes, it is updated with new large blood vessels, which significantly improves the process of supplying placenta with nutrients and oxygen. The ovarian position increases and change.

Changes in lactic glands become the answer to the need to prepare for future lactation. They occur in parallel with the hormonal perestroika leading to the increase in the production of such significant hormones as prozterone, prolactin, estrogen. By the end of the period, the milk iron begins to produce colosure.

Skeleton and muscular system

Not only internal organs during pregnancy are rebuilt. The bone pregnancy system is experiencing an increase in the concentration in the blood of relaxin and progesterone, and these hormones, in turn, contribute to the process of leaching calcium. From the skeleton of the mother, this trace element is not just closed, calcium is going on the formation of bone fetus tissue. At the same time, another physiological response occurs: the bones of the pelvis and their articulations become more elastic, which contributes to non-massive promotion of the child by generic paths. The danger represents the washout of calcium from the spine and the bones of the foot. To avoid flatfoot, it is important to choose the proper shoes: on a low heel, with a supinator. And the spine will help wearing a bandage and special gymnastics.

The cardiovascular system

During the battery, the blood volume in the vessels of the woman significantly grows significantly: by half a liter. Accordingly, the intensity of the cardiovascular system is also increasing. The pulse becomes more often, the reduction of the heart is forced to throw more blood into the aorta. The venous system of the most random in this period. A frequent complication becomes varicose veins, and not only due to the increasing weight load on the lower limbs.

A significant role is played by the deformation of the lower hollow vein responsible for collecting blood from the uterus, pelvic organs and legs. This vessel is located to the right of the spine, and when a woman sleeps on his back, it is squeezed. The greater the body mass, the stronger the circulatory disorder in the organs listed above. That is why future mothers and do not recommend sleep in the back position, but the use of the pads down under the legs contributes to more free blood flow. In addition, the rise of the erythrocyte mass is somewhat lagging behind the overall increase in blood volume, while the blood viscosity decreases. To improve blood composition, mammies are prescribed iron preparations.

Respiratory, digestive and other systems

The development of the fetus requires increasing oxygen, so the amount of inhaled air has increased. Breathing is expensive, but for the mother's body it is not critical, since progesterone relaxes the smooth muscles of the walls of the bronchi, which is why the breathing tracks are becoming wider.

The location of the organs changes somewhat during pregnancy due to the pressure of the fruit for the abdominal cavity. But this is not the only reason for what is happening. A serious influence on the digestive organs is progesterone, which reduces the level of intestinal peristals. Parallel glands begin to extract more saliva, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid decreases. It manifests itself in the appearance of heartburn and the inclination towards constipation. Some failures are comprehended and the functionality of the gall and bladder, kidneys, but they are temporary.